Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Modélisation DFT [density functionnal theory]'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Modélisation DFT [density functionnal theory].'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modélisation DFT [density functionnal theory]"
Fradon, Alexis. "Design de polymères conjugués pour des applications dans le photovoltaïque assisté par modélisation moléculaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0310/document.
Full textDuring the last decade, a new kind of donor polymers for photovoltaic application have been intensively studied, the low band-gap polymers. They are based on repeating units associating two different moieties, one electron-rich (ER) and one electron-poor (EP), which allow to finely tune the molecular orbitals and to induce a delocalization of the exciton generated upon the photo-excitation process. A large variety of devices are based on such low band-gap polymers, with a power conversion efficiency record around 10%, and, to increase the efficiency, it is necessary to have a better understanding of these polymers during the photo-absorption phenomenon. Computational chemistry isa powerful tool that permits to predict different opto-electronic properties. For this work, we used Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory to compute the optical properties of increasingly large oligomers involving various ER and EP subunits. The optical properties in the polymer limit were then estimated for the different systems by using an extrapolation scheme based on the Kuhn equation. This theoretical screening allowed us to select promising candidates based on benzodithiophene, benzothiadiazole and benzofurazan for syntheses, which were performed by a Stille coupling. The obtained polymers and size-controlled oligomers were further characterized by UV visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, size exclusion chromatography and NMR, in order to extractstructure-properties relationships and correlate experimental results to theoretical data
Beaume, Aurore. "Nouveaux accès à des polycycles azotés et carbonés par cascades radicalaires et réactions multi-composants." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066285.
Full textLechner, Christoph. "Modélisation multi-échelle de l'insertion du 3H et du 36Cl dans les graphites UNGG." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX014/document.
Full textIn the upcoming years, nine nuclear UNGG (Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz) power plants will have to be dismantled in France. In these power plants, nuclear graphite was used as a neutron moderator and reflector, and was activated during operation. The dismantlement will lead to 23000 tons of irradiated graphite waste, which will have to be managed. The graphite is classified as a nuclear waste containing radionuclides with low activity and long half-life. Two radionuclides are the focus of this work: 36Cl and 3H. 36Cl has one of the longest half-lives (about 301000 years) among the waste's radionuclides. 3H has a shorter half-life (12 years), but contributes significantly to the waste’s initial activity. Previous experiments suggest that both, 36Cl and 3H, are mainly fixed at different traps in graphite, which are defective structures, such as dislocation loops, surfaces, or grain boundaries. Since the only significant migration mechanism of these radionuclides is release, it is important to understand where the traps are located and the conditions of the release.UNGG graphite has a complex heterogeneous multi-scale structure which differs substantially from an ideal monocrystal of graphite. However, in order to understand macroscopic data, theoretical studies at the nano- and microscopic scale are an important tool to explain underlying phenomena even though they rely on simpler models due to the limitations of computation power. A multi-scale approach was therefore applied to study the local interactions of the radionuclides with graphite as well as diffusion and trapping mechanisms on the nm-μm length scale.First, the interaction of 3H and 36Cl with defects in graphite was studied with density functional theory (DFT). Hydrogen interacts covalently with bulk graphite as well as with the studied surfaces (001), (100), and (110). Several surface reconstructions were investigated: arch-type reconstructions and in-plane reconstructions. The results show that the existing hypothesis on the trapping of hydrogen needs to be refined. The behavior of Cl is more complex. On the (100) and (110) surface chemisorption is observed. However, on the (001) surface a strong charge transfer interaction is observed for Cl. In contrast to that, Cl2 only interacts via weak van der Waals interactions with this surface. In bulk graphite Cl2 dissociates.The diffusion of H and Cl in irradiated graphite has been investigated by performing molecuar dynamics simulations. The ab initio results were used to develop bond order potentials to model the interaction of radionuclides and the graphite matrix, which attributes for short and long range interactions. For Cl, a new potential has been parameterized which is able to describe all aspects obtained with DFT. For the 3H-graphite interactions, the bond order potential AIREBO/M was used for C-H interactions. For C-C interactions the LCBOP potential was used.To evaluate the influence of the complex heterogeneous structure of the UNGG graphite on the radionuclide's behavior, several different atomic models were studied to account for this diversity such as surfaces, grain boundaries and nanopores.For Cl, irradiation simulations of different systems were performed up to an energy of 10 keV for the primary knock-on atom (PKA), and in a temperature range of 200 to 500ºC. The dependence on temperature and irradiation direction was investigated. In general, direct irradiation damage increases with temperature. Irradiation at incident angles <90º can create more or less damage compared to the perpendicular one depending on the surface type.Diffusion of H and Cl along surfaces shows that all crystallite edges with dangling bonds can serve as traps. For Cl, diffusion in nanoporous graphite revealed two preferred locations : First, the crystallite edges where Cl forms strong covalent; second, the corners of microcracks where Cl interacts via charge transfer
Bossard-Giannesini, Léo. "Mesures et modélisation du travail de sortie de nanoparticules d'or fonctionnalisées et supportées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS291.
Full textThe work function of a metal is a fundamental property in materials study, defined as the energy required to extract an electron from the Fermi level to the vacuum level. It is known that this magnitude depends on the nature of the metal, but also that other parameters have a significant influence. Thus this thesis work shows how the work function can be modulated by a layer of self-assembled molecules on the metal surface, and how it evolves when the material is in the form of nanoparticles. The present study focuses on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of diameters between 10 and 60 nm and studies the effects of functionalization by four molecules: hexanedithiol (HDT), aminooctanethiol (AOT), mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MDHA) and dodecanethiol (DDT). After a detailed study of the functionalized plane gold surfaces morphologies by atomic force microscopy (AFM), measurements of work function on these surfaces are carried out by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). By comparing these results with photoemission measurements (UPS), the effect of each functionalization is highlighted. For example, the work function of a MHDA functionalized gold surface decreases by -0.30 eV compared to a non-functionalized gold surface. These results also show the effect of the contact time with the ambient atmosphere on the work function. Then we discuss the case of colloidal-synthesized AuNPs, then post-functionalized by AOT or MDHA. The functionalization of AuNPs is followed by optical measurements. It is based on the measurement of the absorption peak (plasmon) of AuNPs in the visible. After AuNPs functionalization, their work function is measured by KPFM. These measurements highlight two phenomena: the modification of the work function by the functionalization, as well as a variation according to the size of the particle. In order to understand precisely this size effect, our systems were modeled by a DFT approach (density functional theory), and the work function calculations were compared with the experimental measurements. These calculations are in very good agreement with the experimental results, in particular on the evolution of the work function according to the size of the particles, of approximately -1 meV.nm-1
Nour, Zalfa. "Modélisation de l'adsorption des molécules à fort impact sur l'environnement et la santé dans des matériaux nanoporeux en couplant des approches quantiques et classiques." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0001/document.
Full textCO adsorption in CuI and Na+ exchanged faujasite has been modeled by mean of quantum (DFT) and classical (Monte Carlo) approaches. By mean of the DFT calculations, faujasite potential energy surface has been explored. Different types of CO interactions with the cations have been highlighted, for each one of them CO adsorption effects on the structural and energetic parameters have been analyzed, and calculations of the CO stretching frequency have been performed. Thanks to our calculated values, a new attribution of CO adsorption spectra in CuY and NaY has been established. On another side, by mean of Monte Carlo simulations in the Grand Canonical ensemble, faujasite adsorption properties regarding CO (isotherms and enthalpies) have been modeled, and the CO adsorption mechanism has been established at the microscopic level. The implementation of these simulations has required the derivation of a new force field describing the CO/faujasite and CO/CO interactions
Agenet, Nicolas. "Synthèse de composés polycycliques silylés : étude DFT de la cycloaddition [2 + 2 +2] des alcynes et de la cocyclisation 2:1 d'alcynes et d'alcènes catalysées par des complexes du cobalt." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066276.
Full textMussard, Bastien. "Modélisation quantochimiques des forces de dispersion de London par la méthode des phases aléatoires (RPA) : développements méthodologiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0292/document.
Full textIn this thesis are shown developments in the random phase approximation (RPA) in the context of range-separated theories. We present advances in the formalism of the RPA in general, and particularly in the "dielectric matrix" formulation of RPA, which is explored in details. We show a summary of a work on the RPA equations with localized orbitals, especially developments of the virtual localized orbitals that are the "projected oscillatory orbitals" (POO). A program has been written to calculate functions such as the exchange hole, the response function, etc... on real space grid (parallelepipedic or of the "DFT" type) ; some of those visualizations are shown here. In the real space, we offer an adaptation of the effective energy denominator approximation (EED), originally developed in the reciprocal space in solid physics. The analytical gradients of the RPA correlation energies in the context of range separation has been derived. The formalism developed here with a Lagrangian allows an all-in-one derivation of the short- and long-range terms that emerge in the expressions of the gradient. These terms show interesting parallels. Geometry optimizations at the RSH-dRPA-I and RSH-SOSEX levels on a set of 16 molecules are shown, as well as calculations and visualizations of correlated densities at the RSH-dRPA-I level
Menetrey, Marion. "Etude théorique de la réactivité de surfaces d'oxydes métalliques réduites." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066632.
Full textLicari, Adrien. "Modélisation microscopique des étoiles compactes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN022/document.
Full textA correct knowledge of dense stars and planets need an accurate determination of the thermodynamic behavior of matter in these objects. One of the most efficient approaches nowadays is to perform ab initio simulations, using both the statistical physics formalism and the density functionnal theory. This approach has shown its capabilities by reproducing many experimental data.In the first part of this thesis project, these methods are used to study planetary``ices'', found in planets such as Uranus or Neptun. We first confirmed the existing literature on water (equations of state and existence of a superionic phase); we then extended these results to denser planets, such as the so-called ``super-Jupiter''exoplanets. We reach very high pressures, until where the behavior is analytically established; this permitted us to construct a numerical fit for water in a very large temperature and pressure range. The other planetary ices (methane and ammonia) were thenstudied in the conditions of our solar system.We then considered white dwarves, and their cooling dynamics: they are the most usualstar remnants, so that they can be used as cosmochronometers. The composition of these objects lead to binary phase transitions, which can have important consequences on their cooling time. We used ab inition methods to investigate this binary diagram, and wesuggest new numerical strategies, leading to new results which partially confirm theprevious literature