Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation hydrologique'
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Duranel, Arnaud. "Hydrologie et modélisation hydrologique des tourbières acides du Massif Central (France)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES012/document.
Full textThis thesis identifies, quantifies and models water fluxes within the Dauges National Nature Reserve, an acidic valley mire in the French Massif Central. A range of techniques were used to investigate the nature and geometry of granite weathering formations and of peat deposits. Rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, stream discharge, stream stage, groundwater table depths and piezometric heads were monitored over a three-year period. The distributed, physics-based hydrological model MIKE SHE / MIKE 11 was used to model water flow within the mire and its catchment. lt was shown that the mire is mostly fed by groundwater flowing within the densely fissured granite zone and upwelling through the peat deposits. Upwelling to the peat layer and see page to overland flow were highest along the mire boundaries. However hydrological functioning differs from this general conceptual model in some locations due to the high variability of the peat hydraulic characteristics, the presence of highly permeable alluvial deposits of past human interference including drainage. The equivalent porous medium approach used to mode groundwater flow within the fissured granite zone gave satisfactory results : the model was able to reproduce discharge at several locations within the high-relief catchment and groundwater table depth in most monitoring points. Sensitivity analyses showed that the specific yield and horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the fissured zone are the parameter to which simulated stream discharge and groundwater table depth, including in peat, are most sensitive. The model was forced with new vegetation pararneters to assess the potential impacts of changes in catchment land use on the mire hydrological conditions. Replacement of the broad leaf woodlands that currently cover most of the catchment with conifer plantations would lead to a substantial reduction in surface and groundwater intlows to the mire and to a substantial drop in summer groundwater table depths, particularly along the mire margins
Furusho, Carina. "Modélisation hydrologique des bassins versants périurbains." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0035.
Full textThe greatest changes caused by the fast growing urbanization are concentrated in the transition between the cities and the countryside, in peri-urban areas. In order to enhance the knowledge and to reproduce the hydrological behavior of peri-urban rivers, new models must be developed. This PhD work takes part of the AVuPUR project (Assessing the Vulnerability of Peri-Urban Rivers). The objective of the project is to deliver adapted tools for quantifying the impact of artificial surfaces and urban structures within the catchments on its hydrological regime and pathways. The base model has first been developed by Météo France and it is part of a platform coupled to meteorological models that are used in both forecasts and research. Our contribution consists on the introduction of the main artificial elements, such as impervious surfaces and the sewer network, in order to represent urban zones water flow specific processes. The model is applied to the Chezine watershed, in the suburbs of Nantes, western France. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out, enhancing the comprehension on how the model works and also to identify the influence of each parameter on simulated discharges and on the components of the water budget. The model is tested under different land-use scenarios so that we could study the impact of urban zones in the simulated processes and on the annual water budget. Furthermore, the study evaluates the model capability of simulating and providing a hydrological analysis to compare different land-use scenarios
Cauduro, Dias de Paiva Rodrigo. "Hydrologie du bassin amazonien : compréhension et prévision fondées sur la modélisation hydrologique-hydrodynamique et la télédétection." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2009/.
Full textThe Amazon basin is known as the world's main hydrological system and by its important role in the earth system, carbon cycle and global climate. Recent anthropogenic pressure, such as deforestation, climate change and the construction of hydropower dams, together with increasing extreme floods and droughts, encourage the research on the hydrology of the Amazon basin. On the other hand, hydrological methods for modeling and remotely sensed observation are being developed, and can be used for this goal. This work aimed at understanding and forecasting the hydrology of the Amazon River basin. We developed and evaluated techniques for large scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic modeling, data assimilation of both in situ and remote sensing data and hydrological forecasting. By means of these techniques, we explored the functioning of the Amazon River basin, in terms of its physical processes and its hydrological predictability. We used the MGB-IPH large scale hydrologichydrodynamic model forced by satellite-based precipitation. The model had a good performance when extensively validated against in situ discharge and stage measurements and also remotely sensed data, including radar altimetry-based water levels, gravimetric-based terrestrial water storage and flood inundation extent. We showed that surface waters governs most of the terrestrial water storage changes, the influence of large water bodies on precipitation spatial variability and the importance of the floodplains and backwater effects on the routing of the Amazon floodwaves. Analyses showed the dominant role of hydrological initial conditions, mainly surface waters, on hydrological predictability on the main Amazon Rivers, while the knowledge of future precipitation may be secondary. Aiming at the optimal estimation of these hydrological states, we developed, for the first time, a data assimilation scheme for both gauged and satellite altimetry-based discharge and water levels into a large scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic model, and it showed a good performance. We also developed a forecast system prototype, where the model is based on initial conditions gathered by the data assimilation scheme and forced by satellite-based precipitation. Results are promising and the model was able to provide accurate discharge forecasts in the main Amazon rivers even for very large lead times (~1 to 3 months), predicting, for example, the historical 2005 drought. These results point to the potential of large scale hydrological models supported with remote sensing information for providing hydrological forecasts well in advance at world's large rivers and poorly monitored regions
Yonaba, Harouna. "Modélisation hydrologique hybride : réseau de neurones - modèle conceptuel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26583/26583.pdf.
Full textWotling, Geoffroy. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l'aléa hydrologique à Tahiti." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20170.
Full textSaadi, Mohamed. "Représentation de l’urbanisation dans la modélisation hydrologique à l’échelle du bassin versant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS374.
Full textIn order to determine the hydrological impact of future urban development, hydrological modeling is very useful because it allows obtaining hydrological scenarios from urbanization scenarios by considering climate variability. Despite the current diversity of applicable hydrological models to urbanized catchments, those models were generally tested on few catchments, which raises the question of their robustness. The objective of this thesis is to look for a hydrological model structure that is able to reproduce the rainfall-runoff relationship for a large sample of urbanized catchments, located in France and the United States, and characterized by a wide variety of urban sprawl. To do so, we started from an hourly conceptual model structure (GR4H) which was not specifically developed nor tested on highly urbanized catchments. We followed four steps: (1) The collection and preparation of a large sample of data for more than 2000 catchments located in France and the United States. The analysis of the variability of event runoff ratio for 852 US catchments showed the dependence of catchment response not only on mean total impervious area (TIA), but also on antecedent soil moisture conditions regardless of the level of urban sprawl in the catchment; (2) The test of the starting model structure on highly urbanized catchments. This step showed the ability of GR4H parameters to reflect the behavioral specificities of urbanized catchments; (3) The regionalization of GR4H parameters in order to relate them to the fraction of urban cover in the catchment. The obtained regression relationships performed well but showed weak sensitivity to change in the fraction of urban cover, which impeded their use for scenario prediction; (4) The step-by-step modification of the GR4H model structure by including excess rainfall on impervious surfaces, and by varying the partitioning between quick flow and slow flow depending on each catchment. The evaluation of these modifications on 273 urbanized catchments indicated an improvement in reproducing the observed flows in comparison to the original structure, especially during dry and flooding periods. The added parameters showed a strong dependence on the mean total impervious area. This thesis work illustrates a constructive modeling approach by which we have succeeded in both (1) improving the representation of urbanization within the model and (2) obtaining better simulation of catchment response. An effort of regionalizing the new model structure using measures of urban landscape fragmentation will allow to better estimate the impact of different urban planning schemes on the hydrological behavior at the catchment scale
Kittavong, Sisouvanh. "Exploration de nouvelles structures de modélisation hydrologique globale conceptuelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66670.
Full textMany hydrologic models were developed in the last few decades. They should be capable of simulating all of the catchments but, in practice, their performance is dependent on the geology and climate, so no model structure is suitable for all modeling tasks. This doctoral thesis aims at proposing a model selection method, from a grand pool of candidates, which accounts for the identification of a pool of successful models in diversified climates conditions and the selection of appropriate models for the catchment climatic conditions (arid, humid, and continental) and modeling objectives (high, medium and low flows). It is based on 1446 models constructed using the Ensemble Multistructure Framework (EMF) and 100 climatically diversified American catchments. The focus of this study is to value flexible modeling approaches to identify successful models for a variety of climates. The model selection is first based on the individual performance of the 1446 models, comparing them to a reference model (GR4J). A pool of 80 diversified models is then identified for further investigation. To evaluate the impact of climate and metric on model performance, the 80 preselected models are evaluated on the three types of climates and three modeling objectives. At the end, four new lumped conceptual hydrologic models are tailored for specific climate and flow conditions. Hydrological modeling remains imperfect due to a large number of uncertainties, particularly related to the description of rainfall-flow transformation by hydrological model structures. The multimodel approach is an alternative solution, because the combination of existing models gives better results than individual ones. The diversity of model structures touches one of the first principles of the operation of a multimodel is the compensation of the errors to improve the performances. The 80 preselected models and the Backward Greedy Selection (BGS) algorithm are then used to select the models set to combine. Tests are performed on six optimizations (MCRPS, KGEsqrt, Mlogs, NRD, PIT and RDmse). Results show that, the optimization by the MCRPS is most interesting when compare to other criterions.
Le, Lay Matthieu. "Modélisation hydrologique dans un contexte de variabilité hydro-climatique : une approche comparative pour l'étude du cycle hydrologique à méso-échelle au Bénin." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0012.
Full textThe aim of this PhD is to model the hydrological behaviour of the Upper Ouémé catchment (14400 km²) in Benin. It is a part of the AMMA project (African Monsoon Multidiciplinary Analysis). We estimate the water balance and develop tools to predict climatic and anthropogenic impacts on water resources. First, the hydrological behaviour of the catchments and the main parts of the mesoscale water balance have been characterized. To represent the catchments under study, two parcimonious models have been applied : GR4J, an empirical generic structure, and TOPAMMA, a modified version of TOPMODEL developed during this work. To evaluate these models, a complete framework has been defined, to assess the two models in term of : (i) performance, (ii) uncertainties, (iii) realism. Although runoff simulations are similarly good, the two models show significantly different uncertainties and water balance estimations. The hydro-climatic variability experienced by the region over the last fifty years allows us to study the application of models in non stationary conditions. First, we focused our work on the use of models to detect changes in hydrological behaviour. Finally, the sensitivity of the hydrological response to changes in monsoon regime has been explored through various rainfall scenarios
Giangola-Murzyn, Agathe. "Modélisation et paramétrisation hydrologique de la ville, résilience aux inondations." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01060497.
Full textGarcia, Florine. "Amélioration d'une modélisation hydrologique régionalisée pour estimer les statistiques d'étiage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066653/document.
Full textEstimating low-flow indices is of paramount importance to understand low flows and to manage water resources and risk assessments. These indices are derived from time-series of river discharges that are measured at gauged sites over long periods. At ungauged sites, the indices must be estimated. This research work is part of a project to improve “LoiEau”, a software package that is used by French regional environmental or water agencies. The main objective is to develop a simple and flexible rainfall-runoff model to simulate low-flow indices of ungauged sites at daily or longer time intervals. The model simplicity relies on the strong assumption that two free parameters are sufficient to provide accurate enough estimates of low-flow indices, yet making easier the regionalisation of models. The model accuracy depends on the objective function that is used to calibrate model parameters on gauged sites and had to be adapted to low-flow simulations. The model is flexible in the sense that it is designed to fit to a wide variety of catchments and hydro-meteorological behaviours. This model was compared with GR4J, a daily rainfall-runoff model which involves four parameters, and LoiEau, a monthly model. Comparisons were also carried out with a stochastic estimation method applied to a specific low-flow index. This research work shows the potential of the two-parameter model, but also the advantage of a daily time step to account for the temporal variability of precipitations, which is not without consequence on the assessment of average discharges due to the nonlinearity of rainfall-runoff models
Garcia, Florine. "Amélioration d'une modélisation hydrologique régionalisée pour estimer les statistiques d'étiage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066653.
Full textEstimating low-flow indices is of paramount importance to understand low flows and to manage water resources and risk assessments. These indices are derived from time-series of river discharges that are measured at gauged sites over long periods. At ungauged sites, the indices must be estimated. This research work is part of a project to improve “LoiEau”, a software package that is used by French regional environmental or water agencies. The main objective is to develop a simple and flexible rainfall-runoff model to simulate low-flow indices of ungauged sites at daily or longer time intervals. The model simplicity relies on the strong assumption that two free parameters are sufficient to provide accurate enough estimates of low-flow indices, yet making easier the regionalisation of models. The model accuracy depends on the objective function that is used to calibrate model parameters on gauged sites and had to be adapted to low-flow simulations. The model is flexible in the sense that it is designed to fit to a wide variety of catchments and hydro-meteorological behaviours. This model was compared with GR4J, a daily rainfall-runoff model which involves four parameters, and LoiEau, a monthly model. Comparisons were also carried out with a stochastic estimation method applied to a specific low-flow index. This research work shows the potential of the two-parameter model, but also the advantage of a daily time step to account for the temporal variability of precipitations, which is not without consequence on the assessment of average discharges due to the nonlinearity of rainfall-runoff models
Xavier, Luciano. "Modélisation hydrologique à partir de données GRACE : application sur les bassins versants brésiliens." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2023/.
Full textUnderstanding large scale water fluxes is a great challenge to be met when addressing climate modeling. Data from space gravimetry GRACE mission has been derived since 2002 for allowing a more precise determination of the Earth gravity field. Over the continents, main gravity changes taking place at the seasonal scale are due to the water cycle. Thus, since the planning phase GRACE data had been envisaged as a unique source of information on water cycle variability on large scale. This has been fully attested since its data became available for the scientific community. The present Ph. D. Thesis aims at discussing Total Water Storage (TWS) series derived from GRACE solutions suitability as an additional data source for large scale hydrological modeling. A great effort has been done in analyzing TWS spatiotemporal variability over large Brazilian watersheds, especially the Amazon basin. The obtained results show that GRACE TWS series could represent main water cycle characteristics at the seasonal and interannual scale. As a next step, the suitability of integrating GRACE TWS data has been addressed within a simple approach applied to the Negro River basin, one of the most important subbasins of Amazon watershed. From the obtained results many of the limitations in using these data for hydrological modeling purposes could be discussed, and a improved framework for analysis has then be proposed
Dagès, Cécile. "Analyse et modélisation de l'influence de réseaux de fossés sur les échanges surface-souterrain en bassin versant méditerranéen." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20138.
Full textRicard, Simon, and Simon Ricard. "Évaluer l'évolution du régime hydrique à partir d'une configuration alternative de la chaîne de modélisation hydroclimatique dans un contexte de rareté des observations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37717.
Full textUne configuration alternative de la chaîne de modélisation hydroclimatique est proposée contournant la rareté des observations météorologiques nécessaires au post-traitement statistique des simulations climatiques ainsi qu’au calage du modèle hydrologique. Cette configuration propose de calibrer les fonctions de transfert nécessaires au post-traitement statistique conjointement aux paramètres du modèle hydrologique et repose sur l’hypothèse que les variations de débits observées à l’exutoire d’un bassin versant constituent un proxy valable des forçages climatiques correspondant. Cette configuration repose également sur la notion de « fonction-objectif asynchrone », c’est-à-dire un critère d’erreur négligeant volontairement la corrélation entre deux variables. Parce qu’elles sont largement dépendantes des observations disponibles, les configurations conventionnelles de la chaîne de modélisation hydroclimatique sont généralement limitées au déploiement des champs précipitations et températures. Elles sont conséquemment limitées à l’usage de formulations empiriques pour évaluer les processus hydrologiques à l’échelle du bassin versant. Par la mise en place de la configuration alternative, les champs humidité de l’air, rayonnement solaire et vitesse du vent sont intégrés à une chaîne complète de modélisation hydroclimatique, permettant la construction de projections hydrologiques à partir de la formulation physique d’évapotranspiration de référence de Penman-Montheith. Les projections ainsi produites sont comparées à celles issues d’une configuration conventionnelle employant des réanalyses comme substituts aux observations. Les deux configurations sont mises en place sur le bassin versant de la rivière Du Loup, un bassin forestier de taille intermédiaire localisé dans la Vallée du Saint-Laurent, à partir des simulations issues de l’ensemble climatique CRCM5-LE et du modèle hydrologique distribué à base physique WaSiM-ETH. L’analyse des projections hydrologiques produites démontrent la capacité de la configuration alternative à produire une réponse hydrologique cohérente, généralement plus robuste que celle produite par une configuration conventionnelle. Cette dernière s’avère sensible aux biais inscrits à même les réanalyses, affectant le post-traitement des séries simulées et l’identification des paramètres calibrés. Sur la période historique, la formulation de Penman-Montheith offre une représentation plus cohérente des fluctuations d’évapotranspiration comparativement à une formulation empirique basée exclusivement sur la température de l’air. La projection de l’évapotranspiration, des teneurs en eau dans le sol ainsi que des étiages estivaux se sont avérée sensibles aux choix de la formulation d’évapotranspiration. La configuration alternative proposée répond d’abord à une incohérence structurelle inscrite dans les configurations conventionnelles de la chaîne de modélisation hydroclimatique. Elle permet également le déploiement d’une modélisation hydroclimatique à base physique cohérente pour des régions où les observations météorologiques sont rares tel que les régions montagneuses ou septentrionales, ou bien en voie de développement.
Boucher, Marie-Amélie. "Modélisation hydrologique probabiliste par réseaux de neurones : calibration de la distribution prédictive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24021/24021.pdf.
Full textMoussa, Roger. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle et modélisation hydrologique : application au bassin du Gardon d'Anduze." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20100.
Full textAboujaoudé, Adel. "Modélisation hydrologique de l'infiltration dans les sols encroûtés à différentes échelles spatiales." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10050.
Full textSoutif-Bellenger, Myriam. "Eau, agriculture, changement climatique : apports d'une modélisation intégrée agro-hydrologique pour l'adaptation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS469.
Full textAgriculture requires water to meet the biological needs of crops. When the water supplied to the soil by precipitation is not sufficient, additional water can be taken out from bodies of water and supplied to crops : this is irrigation. With the intensification of the risk of drought, agricultural territories are particularly affected by climate change. It is therefore necessary today to develop and evaluate adaptation strategies. To do this, we must take into account the evolution of irrigation water demand in future hydrological projections. Given the multiplicity of challenges related to climate change adaptation and agriculture, it is also important to implement integrated approaches and taking into account uncertainties. Furthermore, it is necessary to formulate concrete strategies, which must be defined at a sufficiently local scale. Explicit modeling of agro-hydrosystems already exists. However, these models are often complex, and require a large amount of data and simulate numerous processes. In contrast, there are conceptual hydrological models that are parsimonious, efficient, and operational but usually do not explicitly account for uses. The objective of this thesis has therefore focused on developing a framework of intermediate complexity. Firstly, a model was developed, integrating i) the modeling of hydrology using the conceptual hydrological semi-distributed daily GR5J model, ii) the modeling of irrigation water withdrawals using the daily agronomic model CropWat, and iii) modeling of storage structures and their management, such as reservoirs and dams. This modeling was first implemented on the downstream Aveyron watershed. The irrigation simulations obtained were compared with simulations from the MAELIA platform, an explicit agro-hydrological integrated model that has been the subject of numerous developments and surveys in this area. The model was also implemented in the Seille catchment, a tributary of the Moselle, on which there is no irrigation but which is currently experiencing new difficulties related to droughts. In a second phase, the developed model was applied in a prospective exercise that examined different scenarios for local agricultural and water management evolution in the Seille watershed. Interviews with local water and agriculture stakeholders were carried out to produce three plausible evolution scenarios for the Seille watershed by 2050, implemented in the model. The work carried out in this thesis confirmed the interest and necessity of integrating irrigation water withdrawals into conceptual hydrological modeling to evaluate local agricultural scenarios in the context of climate change. Thus, our work highlightedthe impacts of human influences on watershed hydrology, and the sensitivity of the model to different agricultural and water management scenarios. Our research also emphasized the need to use various indicators, both hydrological and related to water demand satisfaction, to evaluate the impacts of climate change. Nevertheless, this study revealed that in the studied area (the Seille catchment), considering future scenarios, the predominance of uncertainty related to climate projections on future low-flow periods outweighed the uncertainty linked to changes in irrigation water demand. Some projections thus lead to significant difficulties for non-irrigated spring crops, in particular maize. Finally, a parsimonious and easily reusable modeling framework was developed, which can be applied in other regions
Vargas, Bringas Rafael. "Modélisation hydrologique déterministe pour l'évaluation des risques d'inondation dans les grands environnements urbains : application à Mexico." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4115/document.
Full textAccording to the World Risk Report released by the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, Mexico has a vulnerability of 46% and a lack of coping capacity of 76% in terms of disaster risk. One of those disaster risks is flooding which poses a serious challenge to the development and the lives of the inhabitants of Mexico. Mexico City is facing problems of flooding in some areas at certain times of the year, causing important losses and damages on properties and residents including some casualties. Therefore, it is important to carry out a flood risk assessment in the catchment of Mexico City and estimate damages of probable flood events. However, limited data of observed discharges and water depths in the main rivers of the city are available, and this represents an obstacle for the understanding of flooding in Mexico City. For these reason, several studies have to be carried out in order to have a clear understanding of the catchment, which involve, meteorological and hydrological/hidraulic studies, rainfall distribution, runoff analysis, flood risk and vulnerability, and this studies allow the estimation of direct and indirect damages to the economy, to assets and to human life. The premise of this study is that with the limited data and resources available, the catchment can be represented to an acceptable degree by the construction of a deterministic hydrological model of the Mexico City basin. The objective of the developed tool is to provide an efficient support to management of the flood processes by predicting the behavior of the catchment for different rainfall events and flood scenarios
Bourgin, François. "Comment quantifier l’incertitude prédictive en modélisation hydrologique ? : Travail exploratoire sur un grand échantillon de bassins versants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0016.
Full textHydrological modelling aims to quantify the rainfall-runoff relationship at the catchment scale. Although hydrological models are generally able to provide an acceptable representation of the catchment behaviour, this representation is necessarily simplified and imperfect, as a consequence an evaluation of uncertainties is desirable. This thesis focuses on the quantification of predictive uncertainty in hydrological modelling. Our main objective was to explore several methods that can be used to complete the deterministic predictions of a rainfall-runoff model with probabilistic distributions. Two prediction cases were distinguished, namely simulation and forecast. We set up a comparative framework to evaluate different uncertainty quantification methods on a large set of French catchments. In simulation mode, we focused on two methods related to the parameter estimation issue, the GLUE uncertainty method and the Bayesian framework, as well as two more pragmatic approaches, a multi-model approach and the post-processing method. Our results suggest that the GLUE-like methods based on ensembles of various parameter sets do not provide an adequate representation of the total predictive uncertainty. An external model error is necessary. Post-processing methods that are flexible enough to adequately describe the residual errors of the hydrological model obtained during calibration give more satisfactory estimates of the modelling uncertainty. We also present a method able to transfer model uncertainty estimates from gauged to ungauged catchments. Our results demonstrate that the method holds interesting perspectives, providing in most cases reliable and sharp uncertainty bounds at ungauged locations. In a forecasting context, we compared several post-processing methods and evaluated the interactions between data assimilation and post-processing in an ensemble forecasting modelling chain. Results show the crucial role of the lead time on the estimates of predictive uncertainty. They also suggest that some improvement can be achieved when the evolution of flows is better taken into account by a post-processing method. Last, we investigated the interactions between data assimilation and post-processing in hydrological ensemble forecasting and showed the benefits of using both in an ensemble forecast system
Marchand, Didier. "Modélisation fonctionnelle du bilan hydrique sur sol cultivé : approche déterministe ou stochastique ?" Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10130.
Full textCharlier, Jean-Baptiste. "Fonctionnement et modélisation hydrologique d'un petit bassin versant cultivé en milieu volcanique tropical." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00279097.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser le fonctionnement hydrologique d'un petit bassin versant volcanique en climat tropical, dans un contexte cultivé principalement en banane. Le site d'étude est le bassin de Féfé (17,8 ha), sur l'île de la Basse-Terre en Guadeloupe, qui a été instrumenté entre 2003 et 2006. Deux approches complémentaires ont été utilisées.
Premièrement, l'approche expérimentale combinant géologie, hydrologie, hydrogéologie et traçage (pesticide) a permis de caractériser la structure, le bilan et les processus hydrologiques d'un petit bassin versant. Un schéma de fonctionnement global a été établi avec comme caractéristiques principales des flux hydriques élevés (pluie annuelle > 4 000 mm), une importante recharge des nappes (60 % de la pluie efficace annuelle), et une prédominance du ruissellement hortonien. Un modèle global à réservoirs basé sur ce schéma conceptuel a permis de reproduire correctement les flux de surface et souterrains. Ces études nous ont permis d'identifier les principaux mécanismes de contamination des sols et des eaux de surface et de nappes par un nématicide utilisé en bananeraies (le cadusafos).
Deuxièmement, l'approche de modélisation à l'aide du modèle distribué MHYDAS, a permis de rendre compte de l'incidence de l'occupation du sol et du réseau de fossés sur la genèse des crues. Cette approche intègre les spécificités du milieu cultivé tropical que sont la redistribution de la pluie par la plante (stemflow du bananier) et les échanges nappe-fossé. L'application du modèle aux échelles de la parcelle, du sous-bassin et du bassin versant, a permis de mieux caractériser les variabilités spatiale et temporelle des processus hydrologiques.
Ces deux approches constituent une voie pertinente pour évaluer l'impact environnemental des épandages agricoles, caractériser les changements d'échelle, et tester l'impact de l'occupation du sol.
Saulnier, Georges-Marie. "Information pédologique spatialisée et traitements topographiques améliorés dans la modélisation hydrologique par TOPMODEL." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0046.
Full textVieira, Getirana Augusto Cesar. "Contributions de l'altimétrie spatiale à la modélisation hydrologique des grand bassins en Amazonie." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/856/.
Full textIncreasing deforestation and climate change are considered as important factors with respect to changes of standards for the Amazon basin water availability. These changes can greatly impact biodiversity and also hydropower production in this region. Moreover, no reliable prevision can be carried out without a proper hydrological monitoring network. This thesis proposes a methodological approach that enables the integration of satellite data, spatial altimetry, in particular, into the large scale hydrological modeling of the Amazon basin. The MGB-IPH hydrological model has been used to simulate the hydrological processes of the Negro River basin, the second biggest tributary of the Amazon River. The main contributions of this study are: i) the proposition of two new treatments in the data pre-processing phase - the first one deals with digital elevation model modifications to improve hydrological information acquisition, while the second one proposes a watershed discretization approach based on mini-basins; ii) a procedure that allows hydrological model output flows to be evaluated taking into account spatial altimetry data; iii) the generation of rating-curves and the estimation of river bed heights and slopes by using modeled streamflow and spatial altimetry; and iv) the investigation of the potential of spatial altimetry data to be integrated into the automatic calibration of distributed hydrological models. The results indicate that spatial altimetry is an important source for generating data that can supply and complement in situ dataset, which, due to its scarcity, inhibits and constrains the adequate modeling of hydrological processes at large basins in Amazonia
Jeannot, Benjamin. "Modélisation hydrologique intégrée de bassins versants fortement transitoires : développement d'outils numériques et applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH009/document.
Full textThis works aims at contributing to the development and application of a pre-existing integrated hydrological model (Pan et al., 2015; Weill et al., 2017) : Normally Integrated Model (NIM). The specificity of this model is to perform an integration of the 3D groundwater flow equation over the direction perpendicular to the substratum of the aquifer, so that the problem becomes 2D. It results in a substantial gain both in calculation time and required memory. During this thesis, NIM has been fully rewritten and optimized. Besides, a 2D overland flow module has been implemented, which enabled to apply the model in real cases on two distinct watersheds. Furthermore, the validity of NIM simulations and their efficiency as regards computation times have been assessed on numerous synthetic test cases
Charlier, Jean-Baptiste. "Fonctionnement et modélisation hydrologique d’un petit bassin versant cultivé en milieu volcanique tropical." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20220.
Full textThe aim of this study was to characterize the hydrological behaviour of a small cultivated catchment in a tropical volcanic region. The Féfé catchment (17. 8 ha), mainly planted with banana in the island of Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe (FWI), was studied between 2003 and 2006. An integrated experimental approach including geological, hydrological, hydrogeological and tracer experiments allowed the establishment of a behaviour scheme. A spatial modelling approach at the plot and catchment scales that takes into account specific features of cultivated areas as rainfall redistribution by plant (stemflow of the banana tree) and stream-groundwater interactions, allowed the characterization of the hydrological processes variability. The results indicate that despite the abundant rainfall volume and the high rainfall intensities, the heterogeneous and permeable volcanic framework promote underground flow paths. Land-use and ditch networks are key features for runoff generation
St-Pierre, Flavie, and Flavie St-Pierre. "Évaluation des temps de parcours obtenus par modélisation hydrologique pour la protection des sources d'eau potable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34942.
Full textL’objectif de ce projet est d’évaluer, en utilisant le bassin versant de la prise d’eau potable de la Ville de Québec sur la rivière Saint-Charles comme cas d’étude, les temps de parcours obtenus par modélisation hydrologique dans une optique de protection de sources d’eau potable. Préalablement à la modélisation, une analyse cartographique des occupations du territoire et des contaminants pouvant être relâchés a été faite afin de mieux comprendre les risques à la qualité de l’eau potable brute. Une méthodologie de modélisation hydrologique articulée autour du cas d’étude est développée en utilisant le Soil and Water Assessment Tools, SWAT, pour déterminer les temps de parcours de l’eau dans les rivières principales du bassin versant. Cette méthodologie s’appuie principalement sur les données climatiques, l’occupation du territoire, les types de sols et la topographie du territoire à l’étude. Le modèle est validé de façon à reproduire l’ordre de grandeur et les mêmes tendances que les débits observés aux stations débitmétriques actives sur le bassin versant. Pour différents scénarios de précipitations (sec, médian ou pluvieux) ainsi que différentes périodes de retour (hebdomadaire, mensuelle ou estivale), une analyse statistique permet de dégager les temps de parcours les plus probables pour chaque cas. Ces derniers sont comparés aux aires de protection des prises d’eau potable telles que définies par le Guide d’analyse de la vulnérabilité MDDELCC (2016). En comparant ces temps de parcours aux aires de protection des prises d’eau potable, il est possible de faire ressortir la grande variabilité dans les temps de parcours obtenus par modélisation hydrologique pour une même distance géographique tout dépendamment du scénario de précipitation et de la période de retour. Avec ces mêmes temps de parcours, une analyse qualitative de l’impact des changements climatiques sur les temps de parcours permet de faire ressortir une augmentation de la vulnérabilité de la prise d’eau aux aléas climatiques et anthropiques.
Bourgin, François. "Comment quantifier l’incertitude prédictive en modélisation hydrologique ? : Travail exploratoire sur un grand échantillon de bassins versants." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0016/document.
Full textHydrological modelling aims to quantify the rainfall-runoff relationship at the catchment scale. Although hydrological models are generally able to provide an acceptable representation of the catchment behaviour, this representation is necessarily simplified and imperfect, as a consequence an evaluation of uncertainties is desirable. This thesis focuses on the quantification of predictive uncertainty in hydrological modelling. Our main objective was to explore several methods that can be used to complete the deterministic predictions of a rainfall-runoff model with probabilistic distributions. Two prediction cases were distinguished, namely simulation and forecast. We set up a comparative framework to evaluate different uncertainty quantification methods on a large set of French catchments. In simulation mode, we focused on two methods related to the parameter estimation issue, the GLUE uncertainty method and the Bayesian framework, as well as two more pragmatic approaches, a multi-model approach and the post-processing method. Our results suggest that the GLUE-like methods based on ensembles of various parameter sets do not provide an adequate representation of the total predictive uncertainty. An external model error is necessary. Post-processing methods that are flexible enough to adequately describe the residual errors of the hydrological model obtained during calibration give more satisfactory estimates of the modelling uncertainty. We also present a method able to transfer model uncertainty estimates from gauged to ungauged catchments. Our results demonstrate that the method holds interesting perspectives, providing in most cases reliable and sharp uncertainty bounds at ungauged locations. In a forecasting context, we compared several post-processing methods and evaluated the interactions between data assimilation and post-processing in an ensemble forecasting modelling chain. Results show the crucial role of the lead time on the estimates of predictive uncertainty. They also suggest that some improvement can be achieved when the evolution of flows is better taken into account by a post-processing method. Last, we investigated the interactions between data assimilation and post-processing in hydrological ensemble forecasting and showed the benefits of using both in an ensemble forecast system
Ricard, Simon. "Évaluer l'évolution du régime hydrique à partir d'une configuration alternative de la chaîne de modélisation hydroclimatique dans un contexte de rareté des observations." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37717.
Full textLe, Forner Sylvie. "Modélisation hydrologique des échanges surface-souterrain avec réseau de fossés en milieu agricole méditérranéen." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20098.
Full textTalbot-Lanciault, Alicia. "Modélisation hydrologique CLASS-RAPID sous changement climatique sur le bassin versant du Haut-Montmorency." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66429.
Full textTypical hydrological models do not impose energy conservation at the surface. Therefore, under higher temperatures they may overestimate evapotranspiration. Physical land surface model CLASS is paired to Muskingum based routing model RAPID in order to create a functional hydrological model under global warming context. CLASS-RAPID is set up on the Haut-Montmorency watershed (47.4°N, 71.1°W). The model is calibrated and validated with the ERA5 reanalysis and the flowrates observations from the Direction d’expertise hydrique du Québec. Climate projections from CanESM2, CNR-CM5, GFDL-ESM2M and MPI-ESM and climate scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are given as entries to CLASS-RAPID in order to simulate flowrates for 2041 to 2070. Climate projections from the same models and for the benchmark period of 1981 to 2005 are used by CLASS-RAPID in order to obtain hydrological simulations that can be compared to the flowrates of 2041 to 2070. CLASS-RAPID has a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of NSE = 0, 66. The model tends to replicate hydrological events sequence correctly but underestimate flood peaks. CLASS-RAPID simulations under climate changes conditions foresee that spring floods will tend to happen sooner in the years for 2041 to 2070 when compared to the benchmark period. For the four climate models, climate changes simulations foresee reductions of summer flowrates of 40% for climate scenario RCP 4.5 and of 50% for climate scenario RCP 8.5. For the same climate scenarios, the Atlas hydroclimatique du Québec foresees a reduction of the flowrates of respectively 37% and 45%.
Delhom, Marielle. "Modélisation et simulation orientées objet : contribution à l'étude du comportement hydrologique d'un bassin versant." Corte, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CORT3029.
Full textFerrant, Sylvain. "Modélisation agro-hydrologique des transferts de nitrates à l'échelle des bassins versants agricoles gascons." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/779/.
Full textThe present work aimed to assess nitrogen trasfer and transformation in stream of agricultural catchment of Gascogne region, in order to evaluate agricultural practices change to decrease nitrate river contamination. A continuous in situ sampling protocol was used at the outlet of the small agricultural catchment in Auradé (3. 3 km2 in Gers district, South-West of France) to measure the fine temporal variation of nitrate concentration. Infra-daily high variations of concentrations have been observed during flood events, the high concentrations explain a significative part of annual nitrogen loads during these hydrological events. The spatially, physically based modelling approach of the Auradé catchment has then been used to evaluate water and nitrogen balance at the small catchment scale. Two catchment models have been chosen : TNT2, whitch is fully distributed and developped for small catchment with shallow groundwater, and SWAT, semi-distributed and developped for larger catchment. The use of both models permits to : - show that both of them failed to simulate accurately the daily nitrogen losses intensity in river observed during flood events, even if modelling approach of SWAT is more adapted to simulate processes involved - simulate a same global water and nitrogen balance with opposing simulated processes - show the main influence of mineralisation and denitrification dynamic simulated to conclued on ability of models to represent reality. TNT2 has been evaluated to be more adapted to simulate agricultural changes designed or already implemented in Auradé catchment. Results of this virtual experimentation show that agricultural changes already implemented would have decresed for 16% the annual nitrogen losses, and that if catch crop had been implemented, nitrogen losses would have decrease of 18% more. SWAT has after been calibrated at the larger scale of the Save catchment of 1110km2 whitch include Auradé catchment. The global parametrisation has been modified for the agro-pedological context of Auradé catchment, context area whitch represent 25% of the total Save catchment area. Major hydrological parameters calibrated on Auradé catchment has been used for calibrating this area. The increase of discharge prediction quality is significative and show the contribution of these areas to daily discharge at the Save catchment outletduring some rainy events. Predictions of water and nitrogen concentration may be improved in taking land cover spatialisation into account
Bessière, Hélène. "Assimilation de données variationnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues à cinétique rapide." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7761/1/bessiere1.pdf.
Full textBessière, Hélène. "Assimilation de données variationnelle pour la modélisation hydrologique distribuée des crues à cinétique rapide." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. https://hal.science/tel-04426689.
Full textIntense flash floods, produced by severe thunderstorms, represent the most destructive hazard in the Mediterranean region. Human lives and properties are increasingly exposed to flood risks. Therefore, there is a clear need to improve real-time monitoring and flood forecasting. The HydroEco research group at IMFT (Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse) developed the MARINE model (Modélisation de l'Anticipation du Ruissellement et des Inondations pour des évéNements Extrêmes), a distributed physically-based model, in order to forecast this kind of flood. A data assimilation process called the adjoint state method is implemented into the MARINE model. The principle of the adjoint method is to consider input parameters as control variables and optimize them by minimizing a cost function measuring the discrepancy between observations and model simulations. The procedure is tested on the Mediterranean Gardon d'Anduze catchment. A previous sensitivity analysis allows identifying the most sensitive parameters in order to avoid the “non-uniqueness problem” and overparameterization. Then a first application of the adjoint method aims at calibrating the model. The method enables to evaluate the model performance and contributes to either the validation of physical hypothesis or perspectives for the model structure improvements. A consistent set of parameters, in accordance with results achieved with a Monte-Carlo procedure, is then identified and simulated hydrographs are limited into a reduced range of uncertainties. The second application of the method is dedicated to flash flood forecasting. The first strategy employed is to use outlet flow information during the rising flood phase to estimate the peak. The second strategy employed is to use information of intermediate upstream gauging stations to predict the outlet flow. Both strategies allow anticipating, a few hours in advance, the peak which is crucial from an operational point of view
Renault, Daniel. "Modélisation hydrologique en irrigation de surface : analyse de la vitesse de la linéarisation de la vitesse du front d'avencement : alive." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20224.
Full textSanabria, Marin Rigaud. "Hydrologie du bassin du Sinú (Colombie) : modélisation spatio-temporelle de la dynamique hydrique et climatique d'un bassin versant tropical." Avignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AVIG1027.
Full textPellenq, Jennifer. "Couplage de la modélisation hydrologique avec la modélisation des transferts sol-végétation-atmosphère : application à la spatialisation et à l'assimilation des données du satellite SMOS." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30137.
Full textMimeau, Louise. "Quantification des contributions aux écoulements dans un bassin englacé par modélisation glacio-hydrologique. : Application à un sous-bassin de la Dudh Koshi (Népal, Himalaya)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU014/document.
Full textIn a context of glacier shrinkage caused by climate change and in a context of an increase of the water demand due to population growth and economic development, it is necessary to quantify the contributions to the outflow in the Himalayan mountain catchments in order to improve the present water resource management and find adaptation solutions to climate change.Hydrological models are useful tools to understand the water balance in mountain catchment, however, the lack of meteorological data in high altitude regions and the simplified representation of the cryospheric processes in the models lead to large uncertainties on the simulated river discharges.This study quantifies the different contributions to the outflow as well as their seasonal variations at local scale using a glacio-hydrological model in a glacierized catchment located in the Nepalese Himalayas.New parametrizations for the snow albedo and debris covered glaciers, as well as an avalanche module, were implemented in DHSVM-GDM model in order to improve the simulation of the snow cover dynamics and the glacier evolution.The simulated water balance obtained with the new configuration of the DHSVM-GDM model shows that glaciers have a major impact on the river discharges, especially during winter when the outflow is mainly controlled by the release from the englacial water storage.This study highlights the complexity of quantifying the glacier contribution to the river discharges because, on the studied catchment, the glacier contribution is equal to 45 % of the total runoff considering the share of ice melt to the river discharge, or 70 % considering the share of runoff originating from glacierized areas.The impact of the representation of the cryospheric processes in the model and the impact of the forcing data on the simulated water components are analysed to assess the uncertainty on the hydrological modelling.The uncertainty related to the glacierized area estimation leads to an uncertainty of 20 % on the simulated ice melt volume, and the uncertainty related to the precipitation datasets result in a simulated ice melt contribution to the outflow ranging from 28 et 70 % of the annual outflow
Fourcade, Benoît. "Modélisation hydrologique et hydrochimique d'un petit bassin versant méditerranéen : conséquences de la variabilité hydrologique et d'un incendie de forêt (bassin du Rimbaud, Réal Collobrier, Var)." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20131.
Full textCheikho, Taher. "Synthèse spatio-temporelle des paramètres hydroclimatiques et modélisation hydrologique : application au bassin versant du Var." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2002.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to contribute to a better comprehension of the hydrological behaviour of the Var catchment area located in the South-east of France and characterized by hydroclimatic contrasts associated with the topography, and to put a spatial database (topographic, occupation of soil, geological, hydrographic, hydroclimatic) managed by a Geographical Information System GIS at the disposal of the developers. The catchment is exposed to the hazards of the extreme rainfalls and consequently to the floods. In this context the climatic and hydrological hazards are analyzed through two main aspects: spatial and temporal distribution of the rainfalls and the transformation of the rainfalls into runoff. The automatic cartography of the rainfalls, significant factor of hydrological hazard, the temperatures and the potential evapotranspiration showed the determining influence of the relief on their spatial distributions. This regionalization was carried out using the multiple linear regressions and of the krigeage. The integration of the gradex of the catchment rainfalls from 1 to 3 days estimated according to the maximum rainfalls of the high-risk season (September-January) in the method of Gradex was used to calculate the instantaneous maximum discharges. The results obtained are coherent with those quoted in the literature. Modelling rainfall-runoff relationship on the Var and the principal sub-catchments was carried out with various steps of time. The models used (GR2M, LoiEau, GR4J, GR4JH and environment HEC-HMS) were calibrated and validated from the experimental measurements and made it possible to reconstitute the discharges and the floods of the Var catchment
Geng, Qing Zhi. "Modélisation conjointe du cycle de l'eau et du transfert des nitrates dans un système hydrologique." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0125.
Full textLe, Roux Xavier. "Étude et modélisation des échanges d'eau et d'énergie sol-végétation-atmosphère dans une savane humide (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066823.
Full textVannier, Olivier. "Apport de la modélisation hydrologique régionale à la compréhension des processus de crue en zone méditerranéenne." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU030/document.
Full textThe hydrological risk associated with flash-floods in the mediteranean area is temporally and spatially variable. Recent works showed the vulnerability of mobile people during floods occurring on small catchments (area < 20 km²). The associated risk, added to the better-known risk related to the overflow of larger rivers, defines the objectives of the present thesis. This work aims at developing a regional distributed hydrological model to study the flood processes over a large range of spatial scales, from small catchments (1 km²) to large regional catchments (> 1000 km²). The model used in this thesis is built within the LIQUID hydrological modeling platform, which allows a modular coupling of the chosen hydrological processes. The model is used without calibration, with the purpose to test different hypotheses on the hydrological functioning of catchments. The studied area is the Cevennes-Vivarais region (south-east of France). The first simulations show a high sensitivity of the model results to soil properties (hydraulic conductivity, thickness), and to the bottom flux boundary condition (deep percolation). A different behavior is observed between catchments located on sedimentary rocks and catchments located in the mountain area, on metamorphic schists. A version of the model which accounts for lateral surface and sub-surface flows is developed, and tested on the Cartaou (0.5 km²) experimental catchment. Preliminary results highlight the importance of lateral flow processes in flood generation at small spatial scales. A streamflow recession analysis is performed to estimate hydraulic and thickness properties of weathered rock horizons, which are not described by regional soil databases. The results show a hierarchy in the estimated parameters, in relation with geology. The weathered rock horizons are implemented in the hydrological model, which is used at the regional scale. Simulations performed over the 2008 year bring out the better results obtained when using the weathered rock layer, for flood events simulations as well as for long-term simulations. The results also show differences between the hydrological behavior of north catchments (Ardèche, Tarn) and south catchments (Cèze, Gardon, Vidourle), which can be linked to the geology
Loughreit, Fouad. "Contribution à la modélisation hydrologique des chaussées a structure réservoir pour leur conception et leur simulation." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0017.
Full textThe major goal of the present thesis is to define models and tools which will help to foresee the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. In the meantime, tools for their conception and their behavior modelisation at different space scales will also be given. The study is presented in 4 different parts: - the first part defines the general context of research by presenting, on the first hand, the actual states of storm urban drainage and of the growing use of alternative techniques - of which porous pavement structures -, and on the second hand, the different forms that can adopt these particular structures. From the problems observed through the comprehension of their global functioning, new domains of research will be proposed. -The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation, the criticism and the classification of different models used to define the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. The third section of the study fixes the bases for a conceptual model of both regulated and non-regulated porous pavement structures and proposes its calibration with data from two of our own experimental sites. This section ends, with the validation of the conceptual model. Finally, the fourth section shows the results of a comparison between different porous pavements conception and modelisation tools under typical situations
Morena, Floriane. "Modélisation hydrologique distribuée en milieu urbanisé : représentation des processus de production et développement du modèle URBS." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0007.
Full textVarado, Noémie. "Contribution au développement d'une modélisation hydrologique distribuée : application au bassin versant de la Donga, au Bénin." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0083.
Full textThe development of the distributed, physically-based hydrological model POWER (Planner Oriented evaluative Watershed model for Environmental and socio-economic Responses), requires the test and validation of its various modules independently, before their incorporation into a common modelling framework. This thesis contributes to this research procedure. The preliminary version of POWER, called REW_V4. 0 (Reggiani et al. 1998, 1999), was applied to the Donga catchment in Benin (586 km2), in the context of the international program AMMA (Multidisciplinary Analysis of the African Monsoon). The model provides the various components of the hydrological cycle on sub-catchments and uses a simplified non-saturated module, based on reservoirs. Available data allowed us to assess, in this particular modelling system, the representation of intermediate discharge, the evolution of the groundwater level and of the degree of soil saturation and then, the improvement of the simulation when taking into account the spatial variability of rainfall or soil properties. Although results were encouraging, the non-saturated zone module was too simple to reproduce some of the data features. Therefore, we developed and validated a new vadose zone module to represent more physically the vertical water transfers in the unsaturated zone. This module is based on a fast numerical solution of the 1D Richards' equation (1931) and we added interception, transpiration and roots extraction phenomena in order to take into account soil surface covered by vegetation. This module was not used in this thesis but should improve some limitations of the REW_v4. 0 model
Pushpalatha, Raji. "Simulation et prévision des étiages sur des bassins versants français : Approche fondée sur la modélisation hydrologique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00912565.
Full textPeredo, Ramirez Daniela. "Quels gains d’une modélisation hydrologique adaptée et d’une approche d’ensemble pour la prévision des crues rapides ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS058.
Full textFlood forecasting plays a fundamental role in anticipating and implementing measures to protect lives and property. The objective of this thesis is to investigate our ability to improve the simulation and forecasting of major flash flood events in France. First, we analyse the limitations of the lumped hydrological modelling approach, and how the contribution of the semi-distributed hydrological model GRSD, with fine mesh and hourly time step, to improve the simulation of major flood events. We also propose a modification of the structure of the model, in order to make it better suited to reproducing the response of the catchments to high rainfall intensities. An adaptation of the model structure, based on the calculation of the production rate function, resulted in the introduction of a new parameter and the proposal of a new model (GRSDi) capable of better simulating the hydrological response to heavy rains that occur in autumn, after a dry summer period. Second, we explore the ability of a meteorological ensemble prediction approach, combined with the semi-distributed hydrological model, to better predict flash flood events, the amplitude and the time of occurrence of peak flows, whether in gauged or ungauged basins. The results made it possible to identify, from a hydrological point of view, the strengths and weaknesses of the products evaluated. The work carried out constitutes a step forward towards the use of conceptual, continuous and semi-distributed hydrological models for the forecasting of major flood events and flash floods in the Mediterranean context
Pushpalatha, Raji. "Simulation et prévision des étiages sur des bassins versants français : Approche fondée sur la modélisation hydrologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0012.
Full textLong-term stream low-flow forecasting is one of the emerging issues in hydrology due to the escalating demand of water in dry periods. Reliable long-lead (a few weeks to months in advance) streamflow forecasts can improve the management of water resources and thereby the economy of the society and the conditions for aquatic life. The limited studies on low flows in the literature guided us to address some of the existing issues in low-flow hydrology, mainly on low-flow simulation and forecasting. Our ultimate aim to develop an ensemble approach for long-term low-flow forecasting includes several prior steps such as characterisation of low flows, evaluation of some of the existing model's simulation efficiency measures, development of a better model version for low-flow simulation, and finally the integration of an ensemble forecasting approach. A set of catchments distributed over France with various hydrometeorological conditions are used for model evaluation. This data set was first analysed and low flows were characterized using various indices. Our objective to better evaluate the models' low-flow simulation models resulted in the proposition of a criterion based on the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion, but calculated on inverse flows to put more weight on the errors on extreme low flows. The results show that this criterion is better suited to evaluate low-flow simulations than other commonly used criteria. Then a structural sensitivity analysis was carried out to develop an improved model structure to simulate stream low flows. Some widely used models were selected here as base models to initiate the sensitivity analysis. The developed model, GR6J, reaches better performance in both low- as well as high-flow conditions compared to the other tested existing models. Due to the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes and the uncertainty linked to future meteorological conditions, we developed an ensemble modelling approach to issue forecasts and quantify their associated uncertainty. Thus the ensemble approach provides a range of future flow values over the forecasting window. Here observed (climatological) rainfall and temperature were used as meteorological scenarios fed the model to issue the forecasts. To reduce the level of uncertainty linked to the hydrological model, various combinations of simple updating procedures and output corrections were tested. A straightforward approach, similar to what can be done for flood forecasting, was selected as it proved the most efficient. Last, attempts were made to improve the forecast quality on catchments influenced by dams, by accounting for the storage variations in upstream dams. Tested on the Seine and Loire basins, the approach showed mixed results, indicating the need for further investigations