Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modélisation thermodynamique'
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Szewczyk, Valérie. "Modélisation thermodynamique compositionnelle de la floculation des bruts asphalténiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL136N.
Full textCalange, Sandra. "Modélisation thermodynamique compositionnelle de la cristallisation des bruts paraffiniques." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3038.
Full textEnzian, Achim. "Modélisation multidimensionnelle du comportement thermodynamique des noyaux de comètes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10013.
Full textAdjanor, Gilles. "Modélisation thermodynamique des verres nucléaires : coexistence entre phases amorphes." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112285.
Full textInvestigating the stability of borosilicate glasses used in the nuclear industry with respect to phase separation requires to estimate the Gibbs free energies of the various phases appearing in the material. In simulation, using current computational resources, a direct state-sampling of a glassy system with respect to its ensemble statistics is not ergodic and the estimated ensemble averages are not reliable. Our approach consists in generating, at a given cooling rate, a serie of quenches, or paths connecting states of the liquid to states of the glass, and then in taking into account the probability to generate the paths leading to the different glassy states in ensembles averages. In this way, we introduce a path ensemble formalism and calculate a Landau free energy associated to a glassy metabasin. This method was validated by accurately mapping the free energy landscape of a 38-atom glassy cluster. We then applied this approach to the calculation of the Gibbs free energies of binary amorphous Lennard-Jones alloys, and checked the correlation between the observed tendencies to order or to phase separate and the computed Gibbs free energies. We finally computed the driving force to phase separation in a simplified three-oxide nuclear glass modeled by a Born-Mayer-Huggins potential that includes a three-body term, and we compared the estimated quantities to the available experimental data
Benlaharche, Tewfik. "Étude et modélisation thermodynamique du système Mo-Pt-Si." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10036/document.
Full textThe study on the Mo-Pt-Si system contributes to the knowledge of complex metal alloy, which are intended for applications at high temperatures in the aerospace or glass industries. Its thermodynamic description is difficult because its refractory character related to the presence of the molybdenum and to its complexity due to the high number of the constituents (3 elements). Only an approach of problem by a modelling thermodynamics of CALPHAD type gives to a significant result. As imposes the establishment of a modelling of a ternary system by the study of three binary borders, the first part of this work was devoted to the study of Pt-Si, Mo-Pt and Mo-Si systems. Along with the optimization, an experimental measurements used in this study (X-ray, thermal analysis, microprobe,….) allowed to determine the equilibria phases, the enthalpies of formation of the various intermetallic compounds as well as the structural mechanisms responsible for large domains of stability observed for some phases. The first approach of the Mo-Pt-Si ternary system obtained from the database including the binary optimisations, allowed to interpret the experiments of controls of equilibria phases in isotherm and anisotherm conditions. A new ternary silicide was discovered and took into account in calculation. Finally, through many examples we show the agreement of the modelling with all experimental data
Napoli, Gaetano. "Contribution à la modélisation thermodynamique des fluides électro-rhéologiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066497.
Full textSaint-Jours, Catherine. "Thermodynamique des mélanges polyanioniques liquides à base d'oxydes : modélisation thermodynamique et mesures de capacité en soufre." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0054.
Full textDeberne, Nicolas. "Modélisation et expérimentation des injecteur-condenseurs." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0012.
Full textA condensing-injector is a thermo-compression device where a steam drags directly a subcoleed liquid and delivers a liquid mixing with an outlet pressure higher than the both upstream injections pressures. The functioning principle of injectors involves sophisticated thermo-hydraulic process, and actual knowledge is essentially empirical. This work presents a theorical and experimental approach of condensing-injector. A general description of injectors is firstly presented, followed by an ideal thermo-dynamic modelling which explains clearly the principle of functioning. In a second part, we present global experimental results realized on several injectors and the main scaling and driving laws. These results are completed by a global modelling which required a closure law deduced from our experimental values. Then, local measurements (2D) are carried out on a special device with a rectangular section, where the flow was firstly visualized. This measurement are respectively, the void fraction, the static pressure and the static temperature and so, permits the calculation of all the variable and a well understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the flow. Especially, we show, in some well-defined zones, the existence of important non-equilibrium kinetic, thermal and thermodynamic phenomena. Thus, a local modelling (1D) is presented for the all part of the rectangular injector. The model for the primary nozzle is a homogeneous equilibrium model. The two-phase flow model for the mixing chamber is based on a system of six coupled governing equations and closure laws calculated from our local measurements. This model predicts good results for the upstream part of the mixing chamber, but it was impossible to solve it for the condensation wave. The causes of these difficulties are discussed and some other computing methods are investigated
Garnier, Thomas. "Transfert d'échelle dans la modélisation thermodynamique et cinétique des alliages." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00784326.
Full textLach, Adeline. "Modélisation thermodynamique des propriétés d’excѐs des saumures naturelles et industrielles." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3021/document.
Full textNatural brines are water resources that are increasingly sought and used by industrialists both to produce drinking water (e.g. seawater desalinisation) or retrieve economically exploitable substances (lithium, potassium, magnesium, silica, etc.). Industrial brines are often used in various processes as coolants or in ore processing (phosphorus, alumina, etc.). However, the thermodynamic properties of these complex aqueous solutions differ somewhat from those of so-called "ideal" diluted aqueous solutions. Specific calculation methods must therefore be used to determine these properties. This study focuses on calculating the thermodynamic excess properties of these systems (osmotic coefficient, heat capacity, density, etc.). All of these depend on the derivative of the excess Gibbs free energy (G^ex) in relation to the concentration of dissolved salt, temperature or pressure. A literature survey of thermodynamic models capable of calculating excess Gibbs free energy was done and the Pitzer model was chosen to describe the excess properties of a system containing c cations, a anions and n neutral species. Thermal and volumetric properties were determined for a system containing neutral species and these were then added to PhreeqC, a geochemical model that makes it possible to calculate the osmotic coefficient, water activity, and the activity coefficient. The resulting model, PhreeSCALE, now makes it possible, when the Pitzer interaction parameters are known, to calculate excess properties such as the osmotic coefficient, the heat capacity, and the density of a brine, taking into account the precise speciation of the solution. If the interaction parameters must be determined, PhreeSCALE can be coupled with optimisation software to determine new parameter sets based on properties measured in solution. The applications of this study are based on several systems that are either industrial or natural brines. The NaOH-H2O system was chosen because of its high salinities in water (up to 29 mol.kgw-1 at 25 °C). To best represent all of the properties over the entire range of concentrations, the partial dissociation of the NaOH species had to be considered. The other systems studied are chloride brines, which are more like natural brines. A multi-step approach made it possible to determine the interaction parameters for five binary systems (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and BaCl2). Ternary systems and one quinary system made up of all five electrolytes were then studied. In each case, the heat capacity and the density were determined. Charts taking into account temperature and pressure conditions were drawn for the NaCl-H2O system
Cézac, Pierre. "Analyse d'un réacteur de biolixiviation : approche expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT021G.
Full textHocq, Hervé. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique des mélanges méthanol-eau-hydrocarbures." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30016.
Full textThivet, Frédéric. "Modélisation et calculs d'écoulements hypersoniques en déséquilibre chimique et thermodynamique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0257.
Full textBelhaouari, Jean-Belkheir. "Modélisation de l'extinction d'un arc de SF6 hors d'équilibre thermodynamique local." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003150.
Full textHaas, Jérémy. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique du système CaO-SiO2-(Al2O3)-H2O." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845956.
Full textSicsic, David. "Modélisation thermodynamique et cinétique de la réduction de l'acide nitrique concentré." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066645.
Full textDavid, Nicolas. "Modélisation thermodynamique du système (Al, Cu, Fe, In, Pb, Sn, Zn)." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10120.
Full textAttia, Ben Amor Afef. "Contribution à la modélisation thermodynamique d'un atelier de purification d'acide acrylique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0254/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the contribution in the thermodynamic modeling of an acrylic acid purification unit. After identifying the main products involved in the purification step and collecting their thermodynamic properties available in the literature, we conducted a series of experimental measurements for a range of mixtures containing carboxylic acids(mainly liquid-liquid equilibrium and vapor-liquid equilibrium diagrams, excess enthalpies and excess volumes).The data set-our measurements and literature values-was used according to two approaches for modeling vapor-liquid equilibrium: a symmetric approach(φ-φ) applied to the equations of state Peng-Robinson (P-R) and PC-SAFT and an asymmetrical approach (γ-φ) applied to the models of activity coefficients in the liquid phase NRTL, UNIQUAC and Van Laar associated with various equations of state in the vapor phase(ideal gas, Viriel, Hayden O'Connell and Nothnagel). We have finally chosen the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model associated with the correlation of Hayden O'Connell in vapor phase. New binary parameters were determined and led to consistent and satisfactory results in comparison with our experimental measurements and literature data. These parameters can also be used to adequately describe the diagrams of vapor-liquid equilibrium and the relative volatilities of the mixtures studied
Richard, Marc-André. "Adsorption de gaz sur les matériaux microporeux, modélisation, thermodynamique et applications." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1158/1/030105458.pdf.
Full textOffner, Anne. "Modélisation systémique de la digestion dans le rumen : comparaison des modèles existants, modélisation des flux d'amidon, approche thermodynamique des fermentations." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000448.
Full textHabchi, Tounsi Kenza Nedjma. "Modélisation thermodynamique de l'absorption des gaz acides dans un solvant mixte (eau-diéthanolamine-méthanol)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22071.
Full textBouhajib, Abderrahim. "Étude thermodynamique des systèmes bismuth-calcium et calcium-antimoine : calorimétrie, analyse thermique et modélisation numérique des diagrammes de phases." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10204.
Full textMatuszewski, Lionel. "Modélisation et simulation numérique des phénomènes de combustion en régime supercritique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066040.
Full textBeauvais, Christèle. "Effet de l'eau sur les propriétés d'adsorption d'un solide nanoporeux : étude par simulation moléculaire de la zéolithe faujasite." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112129.
Full textThis work deals with the properties of water confined in the nanometer-scale channels and pores of zeolites and other inorganic open framework materials. Adsorption properties in zeolites are closely related to the location of nonframework cations and to their accessibility to adsorbed molecules. I report a molecular simulation study of water and aromatics adsorption in zeolite sodium faujasite NaY and NaX. We use a recently developed Monte Carlo simulation method that enables the nonframework cation distribution to change upon water adsorption. The location of extraframework cations in anhydrous faujasite have been elucidated for all Si:Al ratio. In the case of hydrated faujasite, cation redistribution is observed upon water adsorption. The same phenomenon is observed in presence of adsorbed xylene molecules in the framework. A very small amount of water (some 5% weight) leads to the observed cation redistribution. There is another consequence of the presence of water, that is a change by a factor of 4 in the adsorption selectivity of NaY in favour of p-xylene, when a mixture of m and p-xylene are exposed to the zeolite sample. Water adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption have been calculated and compared to available experimental data. The sensibility of the results to little changes of the intermolecular potential model has also been studied. The issue addressed in the present work is the effect of small amount of water on the separation processes involving hydrocarbon mixtures. The molecular simulation tools developed in this work, such as the " parallel tempering " method can, in principle, be extended to any type of guest-host systems
Pham, thi Tam ngoc. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement thermodynamique du combustible RNR-Na sous irradiation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4044/document.
Full textFor a burn-up higher than 7 at%, the volatile FP like Cs, I and Te or metallic (Mo) are partially released from the fuel pellet in order to form a layer of compounds between the outer surface of the fuel and the inner surface of the stainless cladding. This layer is called the JOG, french acronym for Joint-Oxyde-Gaine.My subject is focused on two topics: the thermodynamic study of the (Cs-I-Te-Mo-O) system and the migration of those FP towards the gap to form the JOG.The thermodynamic study was the first step of my work. On the basis of critical literature survey, the following systems have been optimized by the CALPHAD method: Cs-Te, Cs-I and Cs-Mo-O. In parallel, an experimental study is undertaken in order to validate our CALPHAD modelling of the Cs-Te system. In a second step, the thermodynamic data coming from the CALPHAD modelling have been introduced into the database that we use with the thermochemical computation code ANGE (CEA code derived from the SOLGASMIX software) in order to calculate the chemical composition of the irradiated fuel versus burn-up and temperature. In a third and last step, the thermochemical computation code ANGE (Advanced Numeric Gibbs Energy minimizer) has been coupled with the fuel performance code GERMINAL V2, which simulates the thermo-mechanical behavior of SFR fuel
Ahmed, Saifuddin. "Modélisation thermodynamique des mélanges électrolytiques multi-solvants pour les simulateurs de procédés." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS002/document.
Full textThe capabilities of the current thermodynamic models are limited in dealing with mixed-solvent electrolyte systems, due to the complex interactions within these systems. The objective of this work is to extend eGC-PPC-SAFT model to these systems. This is done in several steps. First, a modification in the temperature dependent water diameter was proposed. Second, a minimum number of ion-water parameters are determined on mean ioninc activity coefficients and densities of strong electrolyte systems, as well as vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) of mixed solvent electrolytes. In the third step, the model is used to study the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the mixed-solvent electrolyte system. This was done by looking at the partition coefficients of the individual species in the systems. In doing so, a parameterization strategy was developed for ion-solvent binaries that involve assessing the impact of the individual ePPC-SAFT contribution on the partitioning of individual species. A new method for dealing with the condition of electroneutrality in liquid-liquid ionic systems was proposed that involves a direct correction on the fugacity coefficient. In view of the importance of this property, a new mixing rule for the dielectric constant of mixed solvent is proposed to provide the best description of LLE of mixed solvent electrolyte. The final model is capable of describing, the activity coefficient, VLE, and LLE of mixed-solvent electrolyte systems
Caste, Florent. "Interactions fluides-roches dans les chondrites carbonées : approche expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066717/document.
Full textIron-rich serpentines are major components of CM carbonaceous chondrites. They formed during early alteration events on their asteroidal parent bodies at an early stage of formation of the Solar System. The study of these minerals aims at better understanding the conditions in which they altered, but it would also help understanding the long term evolution of nuclear waste storage. Indeed, aqueous alteration in chondrites is considered as a good analog for iron-clay-water interactions. During this thesis, we studied the conditions of formation and stability of Fe-rich serpentines, and we paid particular attention to the evolution of the Fe valence state during alteration. Three approaches have been adopted : the synthesis of Fe-rich serpentines, the experimental alteration of chondritic assemblages at low temperature and under anoxygenic conditions, and the refinement of a themodynamic model of serpentines in the Fe2+-Fe3+-Mg-Al-Si-O-H system. This model, mostly refined using data from iron-clay experiments, gave encouraging results, and should allow to better predict equilibrium assemblages in altered chondrites. Out of equilibium processes were also experimentally explored, and our results suggest that there is a kinetic control of the precipitation of Fe-rich serpentines close to the ideal end-member. At the first stages of alteration of primary minerals under anoxic conditions, we observed poorly crystalline phases with a relatively low ferric iron content. Our result suggest that the Fe/Si ratio and the Fe3+ content favor the precipitation of serpentines. They provide interesting insight into the first stages of alteration in chondrites
Caste, Florent. "Interactions fluides-roches dans les chondrites carbonées : approche expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066717.pdf.
Full textIron-rich serpentines are major components of CM carbonaceous chondrites. They formed during early alteration events on their asteroidal parent bodies at an early stage of formation of the Solar System. The study of these minerals aims at better understanding the conditions in which they altered, but it would also help understanding the long term evolution of nuclear waste storage. Indeed, aqueous alteration in chondrites is considered as a good analog for iron-clay-water interactions. During this thesis, we studied the conditions of formation and stability of Fe-rich serpentines, and we paid particular attention to the evolution of the Fe valence state during alteration. Three approaches have been adopted : the synthesis of Fe-rich serpentines, the experimental alteration of chondritic assemblages at low temperature and under anoxygenic conditions, and the refinement of a themodynamic model of serpentines in the Fe2+-Fe3+-Mg-Al-Si-O-H system. This model, mostly refined using data from iron-clay experiments, gave encouraging results, and should allow to better predict equilibrium assemblages in altered chondrites. Out of equilibium processes were also experimentally explored, and our results suggest that there is a kinetic control of the precipitation of Fe-rich serpentines close to the ideal end-member. At the first stages of alteration of primary minerals under anoxic conditions, we observed poorly crystalline phases with a relatively low ferric iron content. Our result suggest that the Fe/Si ratio and the Fe3+ content favor the precipitation of serpentines. They provide interesting insight into the first stages of alteration in chondrites
Hurel, Charlotte. "Rétention d'éléments trace sur une bentonite : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5801.
Full textRadioactive waste storage in deep underground is studied in France. The alteration of the radioactive waste can mobilise the elements which can migrate to the geosphere. Clays (bentonite) are investigated as major materials constituting the barriers because of their low permeability and high retention capacity. A thermodynamic surface complexation model, based on the site additivity principle was investigated, in order to predict the adsorption behaviour of pollutants in contact with clay. The principle allows an independent determination of each parameter of the model, limiting the fitting procedure of correlated data, and it allows the use of an adsorption thermodynamic database for a solid. The predictions obtained were un good accordance with experimental data. The model could then be applied successfully in performance assessment
Youssef, Ziad. "Étude thermodynamique de la formation d'hydrates en absence d'eau liquide : mesures et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694018.
Full textTisseau, Gérard. "Modélisation àpartir d'un énoncé informel : le système Modélis : application des exercices de thermodynamique." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066341.
Full textSchorne, Pinto Juliano. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique de systèmes de delafossites à base de cuivre." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0006.
Full textThis multidisciplinary thesis work was dedicated to the study of CuMO2 phases with M = {Cr and Fe} of the delafossite structural family. With the main aim of broadening knowledge and filling the gaps around the thermodynamic properties of this type of phase, an in-depth experimental study of the Cu-Fe-O and Cu-Cr-O systems was carried out. The main results obtained are: a) for the first time, a cationic non-stoichiometry for the delafossite phase of the CuFe1-yO2- type with y 0.12 has been found, b) the coordinates of the eutectic point of the Cu-Fe-O system in air were measured at 1049(3) °C for a composition x(Fe) = 0.105, c) the CuFeO2 phase is stable between 1022(2) ° C and 1070(2) ° C in air, d) an absence of solid solution with a delafossite structure CuCrO2 was observed for x (Cr) < 0.50, e) a slight solubility of chromium in CuCrO2 with a maximum value of x (Cr) = 0.524(8) was measured in this phase, f) the spinel phase CuCr2O4 was defined as stoichiometric by the invariance of the structural parameters and the chemical composition, at last g) the thermodynamic properties of the delafossite phase CuCrO2 were determined for the first time, with the selected values for this phase being: fH298(CuCrO2) = 670 800 ± 1400 J / mol, S°298(CuCrO2) = 88.89 J/mol and cp = 102.564 2.872.10-73 128 5421.5 between [298 <1300]. These results were coupled with those from the bibliography for the construction of a generic thermodynamic model describing the properties of the delafossite, liquid, and spinel phases in the quaternary Cu-Cr-Fe-O subsystems. The liquid phase was modeled by the Modified Quasichemical Model ((Cu1+,Cu2+,Cr1+,Cr2+,Cr3+,Fe1+,Fe2+,Fe3+)(O2-,Va1-)) and the binaries Cu-O and Cr-O were re-evaluated . A simplified description of the delafossite solid solution by the Compound Energy Formalism model has been proposed according to (Cu1+,Cu2+)1 [Cr3+,Fe3+,Cu2+]1 O2 (Va0,O2-)1. Finally, the Cu-Fe-O and Cu-Cr-O ternary systems have been modeled by the Calphad method with good experimental agreement. A projection for the Cu-Cr-Fe-O quaternary system has even been proposed
Nguyen, Huynh Dong. "Modélisation thermodynamique de mélanges symétriques et asymétriques de composés polaires oxygénés et/ou aromatiques par GC-SAFT." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132003.
Full textThe main goal of this study is an as predictive as possible modeling of liquid-vapor and/or liquid-liquid phase equilibria of mixtures containing more or less complex polar compounds of interest for petroleum industry. The model used is based on a SAFT equation of state combined with a group contribution method proposed by Tamouza (GC-SAFT). GC-SAFT has been extended here to polar compounds (Theory of Twu and Gubbins extended to chain molecules by the 'segment approach' of Jog and Chapman). Pure prediction (kij=lij=0) systematic tests of the model have been performed on a large number of mixtures of aromatics, alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and various hydrocarbons. A new group contribution has also been proposed in order to evaluate the kij binary interaction parameter in the case of mixtures containing some specific small molecules as CO2, CH4, C2H6, H2S, N2, CO, CH4O and O2. This method is based on the London theory of dispersive intermolecular forces and uses only pure species parameters. Polar GC-SAFT has been also tested on systems containing multi-functional compounds as diesters, aromatic esters, aromatiques ethers and alkyl phenols. More than 650 mixtures have been considered. Average deviations on bubble pressure are about 5% which can be considered quite acceptable for a predictive method
Siret, Delphine. "Evaluation des rejets atmosphériques engendrés par un impact météoritique : approche thermodynamique." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077168.
Full textCarrier, Bruno. "Modélisation des coupes lourdes des fluides pétroliers." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30009.
Full textNaamoune, Malika. "Modélisation et optimisation numérique de réacteurs CVD." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22122.
Full textContreras, Maria. "Application de la modélisation moléculaire à la conversion des résidus pétroliers." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066670.
Full textLe pétrole brut est un mélange complexe d'hydrocarbures, qui grâce au raffinage est converti dans une grande variété de produits. Les bruts légers devenant de moins en moins accessibles, les raffineries affrontent le défi de valoriser les bruts lourds via des processus très complexes comme l'hydroconversion. Dans le but de mieux comprendre les réactions catalytiques ayant lieu dans ce processus, on propose dans cette thèse une étude multi-échelle des réactions d'hydroconversion d'une molécule modèle (1-méthylnaphthalène) en présence d'un catalyseur à base de MoS2. Les réactions d'hydroconversion en présence d'un catalyseur peuvent être décrites à travers un modèle cinétique, ce qui permet de faire le pont entre les événements microscopiques et macroscopiques observés. Les paramètres de ce modèle peuvent être générés à l'aide de résultats expérimentaux et/ou de simulation quantiques (DFT) ou via un champ de force réactif (ReaxFF). ReaxFF est une méthode plus rapide que les méthodes quantiques pour simuler la réactivité dans les systèmes d'hydrocarbures, mais nécessite un paramétrage pour décrire les systèmes étudiés. On présente dans cette thèse ce paramétrage et des simulations de dynamique moléculaire réactifs (RMD) de décomposition thermique et d'hydroconversion en présence et absence du catalyseur. Les simulations RMD semblent limitées par l'échelle de temps. Une approche kMC, sur une base de données thermodynamique à partir de calculs DFT, a permis de monter dans l'échelle de temps et décrire des rares événements catalytiques en utilisant une quantité raisonnable de ressources informatiques. Cette approche a été validée par des expériences d'hydroconversion catalytique
Herbert, Corentin. "Applications de la mécanique statistique à la modélisation du climat : thermodynamique et dynamique de l'atmosphère." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066661.
Full textIn climate modeling, the standard tools build upon numerical integration of the equations of motion, with an ever decreasing spatial and temporal resolution. In this thesis, alternative methods are developed, which aim at calculating directly the final state of the system at the macroscopic level, without knowing the details of the microscopic dynamics. Two major approaches are presented. In a first step, a thermodynamic variational problem is formulated, which provides directly a stationary temperature field, taking into account the transport of energy by the atmosphere and the oceans in an implicit way, without any empirical parameterization. This principle can be extended to take into account climate feedbacks, the seasonal cycle or convection. The emphasize is on the prospective use for paleoclimate studies. In a second part, the general principles of equilibrium statistical mechanics are applied to the atmospheric flow. Because of the turbulent nature of the flow, small-scale vorticity is mixed while large-scale structures appear. These structures can be calculated by choosing a probability distribution for small-scale vorticity. From there, a classification of the equilibrium states of a simple model of the general circulation of the atmosphere is built, depending only on a few conserved quantities
Charlesy, Nicolas. "Modélisation diphasique d'écoulements cavitants avec effets thermodynamiques." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0159.
Full textVatin, Marin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de solutions organiques et systèmes interfaciaux pour l’extraction liquide-liquide." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONS009.
Full textThis thesis presents a set of models and methods for the structural and thermodynamic description of organic solutions and interfacial systems encountered in the context of liquid-liquid extraction. The models and methods are based on an approach that is essentially molecular. It has a strong numerical component. A study based on a molecular dynamics approach was used to investigate the phase separation of a water-oil mixture. It has also been used to simulate organic solutions whose supramolecular organization has been verified by comparisons between the experimental and the molecular simulations signals associated with small angle X-ray scattering. The supramolecular organization has been characterized more finely during studies devoted to the aggregation in organic phase in the presence of extractant malonamide molecules (DMDOHEMA) and of europium nitrate salts thanks to advanced numerical treatments presented in this thesis. These numerical treatments allowed the calculation of the mean distributions of the chemical species formed in the organic solutions. From these distributions, thermodynamic models of the aggregation phenomena in the organic phase based on numerical and analytical approaches have been developed. These models allowed the calculation of the energies of formation of the species in solution according to their composition, and the determination of the mean aggregation numbers in very good agreement with the experimental data, the study of the mechanisms associated with the phenomenon of “third phase formation” thanks to a super-species percolation model and the calculation of quantities associated with the kinetics of formation of aggregates in organic phase
Begaudeau, Karine. "Modélisation thermodynamique et Spectroscopies IRTF, RMN des pyroxènes : des xénolites à la rhéologie mantellique." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696775.
Full textKhalil, Georges. "Synthèse et modélisation thermodynamique de nouvelles architectures supramoléculaires colorées basées sur des motifs TiO4N2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF065/document.
Full textThe subject of this thesis belongs to the field of metallosupramolecular chemistry. We have developed a self-assembled chemistry in order to create multicomponent architectures formed around TiO4N2 units. From a synthetic point of view, the major goal of this work was to analyse the consequences of structural variations performed on one component on the resulting self- assembled architectures. These variations involved the 2,2'-bipyrimidine ligand as this ligand was employed to create a circular helicate [Ti3(L)3(bpym)3], which was used as a reference compound throughout this thesis. The first factor considered concerns the introduction of groups of different sizes on the backbone of the 2,2'-bipyrimidine. Then, the consequence of a ring size reduction of the nitrogenous bidentate ligand was evaluated. Finally, the denticity of the nitrogenous ligand was changed. The second aim of this thesis was to model the enthalpy and entropy factors governing these self-assembled reactions driven by titanium (IV) centers. We were able to propose a general thermodynamic modeling methodology by using the PACHA software, through the sole knowledge of crystalline structures of the starting and final products
Vernie, Pascale. "Géothermobarométrie : applications des méthodes d'inversion stochastique à la construction des bases de données thermodynamiques et à la modélisation des solutions solides." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066711.
Full textTayakout, Mélaz. "Modélisation et étude expérimentale d'un réacteur à membrane catalytique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10276.
Full textDa, Silva Francisco. "Systèmes d'halogénures de lanthanides fondus : expérimentation, modélisation et calculs thermodynamiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11036.
Full textBarberon, Thomas. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique de la cavitation dans les écoulements multiphasiques compressibles." Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL0015.
Full textRelot, Emmanuelle. "Modélisation physique et numérique du procédé de mise en forme par trempage." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357876.
Full textDip-coating is a process allowing the extraction of a thin layer of matter around a mould by dipping it in a bath of liquid. This is a common process extensively used in industries concerned, for example, with the application of protective or decorative coatings and also used to manufacture parts having a thin thickness such as gloves, mammal prostheses, medical capsules and condoms. The advantage of this process is its simplicity and its low cost; but it is difficult to control the thickness and its repartition around the object. The goal of this thesis is to numerically predict the thickness of the layer extracted on the mould. The mechanical and thermal balance equations are solved in the bath using a Lagrangian Finite Element approach with remeshing technique. The liquid/air interfacial tension is taken into account in order to avoid surface instabilities; the method used to implement interfacial tension in the modelling is based on the reformulation of the curvature with Laplace-Beltrami operator. Experimental researchs are also realized in order to characterize physically the liquids used in the bath
Mezani, Smaïl. "Modélisation électromagnétique et thermique des moteurs à induction, en tenant compte des harmoniques d'espace." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_MEZANI_S.pdf.
Full textThis work is interested in the study of the electromagnetic and thermal behaviors of the induction motor. A state of the art is initially drawn up, where we have presented and discussed the current methods dealing with electromagnetic and thermal modeling of induction motors. An electromagnetic model, that uses the 2D complex finite element method to solve the field equations, is developed. The rotor movement is accounted for by coupling the air gap field, for each space harmonic, using the double air gap method. The superposition principle permits the determination of the final solution. To deal with non linear problems, an approach that introduces equivalent reluctivities, is proposed. We have assumed that the saturation is only due to the first space harmonic. A thermal model is elaborated by using the nodal method. The machine is cut up into 11 cylindrical lumped elements, the thermal model represents the juxtaposition of these lumped elements. The electromagnetic and thermal models are, weakly, coupled together for a more precise determination of the temperature distribution inside the motor. Ln the validation phase of our work, we have designed a test bench that allows specific torque and temperature measurements. The comparison of the calculations and the measurements is satisfactory
Bahroun, Sami. "Modélisation et approche thermodynamique pour la commande des réacteurs chimiques catalytiques triphasiques continus et discontinus." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720906.
Full textMenard, Y. "Modélisation de l'incinération sur grille d'ordures ménagères et approche thermodynamique du comportement des métaux lourds." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00298415.
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