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Journal articles on the topic "Modelo IPH II"

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Pereira, Donizete Reis, Eduardo Morgan Uliana, Mauro Aparecido Martinez, and Demetrius David Silva. "DESEMPENHO DE UM MODELO HIDROLÓGICO CONCENTRADO E DE UM SEMIDISTRIBUÍDO NA PREDIÇÃO DE VAZÕES DIÁRIAS." IRRIGA 21, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v21n2p409-424.

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DESEMPENHO DE UM MODELO HIDROLÓGICO CONCENTRADO E DE UM SEMIDISTRIBUÍDO NA PREDIÇÃO DE VAZÕES DIÁRIAS DONIZETE DOS REIS PEREIRA1; EDUARDO MORGAN ULIANA2; MAURO APARECIDO MARTINEZ3 E DEMETRIUS DAVID DA SILVA4 1Prof. do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, UFV/Campus de Florestal. Rod. LMG 818, km 6. CEP 35690-000 Florestal (MG), Brasil. e-mail: doniagri@yahoo.com.br2Prof. do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, ICAA/UFMT. Avenida Alexandre Ferronato – 1200, Setor Industrial. CEP 78557-267 Sinop (MT), Brasil. e-mail: morganuliana@gmail.com3Prof. do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, DEA/UFV. Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n. CEP 36570-900 Viçosa (MG), Brasil. e-mail: mmauro@ufv.br4Prof. do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, DEA/UFV. Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n. CEP 36570-900 Viçosa (MG), Brasil. e-mail: demetrius@ufv.br 1 RESUMO Os modelos hidrológicos são ferramentas importantes que vem sendo utilizadas no planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos, motivo pelo qual objetivou-se calibrar, validar e analisar o desempenho dos modelos IPH II e SWAT para a simulação das vazões médias diárias de uma sub-bacia do Rio Pomba, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais. Para a simulação com o modelo IPH II foram utilizados dados de precipitação média na área de drenagem e evapotranspiração de referência. Para a simulação com o SWAT foram utilizados dados espaciais (mapas de solo, uso do solo e relevo) e dados discretos (precipitação, temperatura máxima e mínima, radiação, umidade relativa, velocidade do vento, vegetação, água subterrânea e características fisico-hídricas dos solos). A calibração foi realizada pelo método automático com base no coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliffe. A validação e a verificação do desempenho dos modelos foram realizadas com base no erro médio absoluto, na raiz do erro quadrático médio, no viés, no teste t pareado ao nível de 5% de significância, no índice de concordância de Willmott, além da eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe. Os modelos IPH II e SWAT apresentaram desempenho bom e satisfatório, respectivamente, para estimar as vazões médias diárias com base no coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliffe, porém, o SWAT apresentou resultados estatisticamente diferentes dos observados no período de validação ao nível de 5% de significância pelo teste t pareado, o que permite concluir que o modelo IPH II é mais confiável e indicado para ser utilizado em estudos relacionados com simulação hidrológica e gestão de recursos hídricos na bacia. Palavras-chave: simulação hidrológica, calibração automática, SWAT, IPH II. PEREIRA, D. dos R.; ULIANA, E. M.; MARTINEZ, M. A.; SILVA, D. D. daPERFORMANCE OF A LUMPED AND A SEMI-DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL IN PREDICTING DAILY FLOW RATES 2 ABSTRACT Hydrological models are important tools which have been used in the planning and management of water resources, reason why the aim of the study was to calibrate, validate and analyze IPH II and SWAT models’ performances to simulate theaverage daily flow rates of a sub-basin of Pomba river, located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Rainfall data and reference evapotranspiration were used for the simulation with the IPH II model. On the other hand, for the simulation with SWAT, spatial data were used (soil maps, land use and topography) and discrete data (rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, vegetation, groundwater and physical-hydric characteristics of soils). Calibration was performed by the automatic method based on Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient. Validation and verification of the models’ performance were based on the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, in bias, pared t-test at 5% probability, Willmott concordance and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index. The IPH II and SWAT models showed good and satisfactory results in estimating average daily flow rates based on the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, respectively, however, the SWAT showed values statistically different from those observed in the validation period at 5% probability by pared t-test, which shows that the IPH II model is more reliable and suitable for use in studies related to hydrologic simulation and management of water resources in the watershed. Keywords: hydrologic simulation, automatic calibration, SWAT, IPH II.
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Uliana, Eduardo Morgan, Demetrius David da Silva, Michel Castro Moreira, Donizete dos Reis Pereira, and Frederico Terra de Almeida. "Modelo Hidrológico Híbrido para Previsão de Vazões na Bacia do Rio Piracicaba-MG." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 34, no. 4 (December 2019): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-7786344058.

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Resumo Os modelos hidrológicos conceituais e as Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) podem ser associados, caracterizando uma conformação híbrida que represente, ao mesmo tempo, os processos conceituais e não lineares relacionados ao escoamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a utilização das RNAs combinadas aos modelos hidrológicos conceituais IPH II e SAC-SMA, de forma a obter um modelo híbrido para estimativa de vazões dos cursos de água da bacia do rio Piracicaba-MG. Como dados de entrada das RNAs foram utilizadas as vazões estimadas com os modelos IPH II e SAC-SMA e como paradigma neural foi empregado o Perceptron de múltiplas camadas. Para o treinamento e a validação das RNAs foram utilizados dados de estações pluviométricas, fluviométricas e meteorológica localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba e no seu entorno. A fim de se verificar o desempenho dos modelos híbridos na estimativa das vazões da bacia do rio Piracicaba, as vazões estimadas por esses modelos foram comparadas com as vazões medidas nas estações fluviométricas utilizando-se o erro absoluto médio (MAE); a raiz do erro quadrático médio (RMSE); o viés; o índice de concordância de Willmott (d); e o índice de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe (ENS). A utilização das vazões preditas pelo modelo IPH II como dado de entrada das RNAs aumentou a acurácia das estimativas das vazões visto que o erro do modelo híbrido ficou menor. Já a associação das RNAs com o modelo SAC-SMA não proporcionou melhoria das estimativas quando comparada aos resultados advindos da aplicação isolada do referido modelo. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a associação das RNAs com o modelo hidrológico IPH II, caracterizando uma conformação híbrida, permitiu melhorar as estimativas das vazões diárias na bacia do rio Piracicaba e que a qualidade das estimativas do modelo híbrido depende do modelo conceitual utilizado. Detectou-se, ainda, que os modelos híbridos tiveram melhor desempenho na estimativa das vazões associadas às maiores áreas de drenagem da bacia do rio Piracicaba.
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Morgan Uliana, Eduardo, Donizete Dos Reis Pereira, Demetrius David da Silva, Frederico Terra de Almeida, and Adilson Pacheco de Souza. "MODELAGEM CHUVA-VAZÃO EM UMA BACIA TROPICAL UTILIZANDO O MODELO IPH II / RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING IN A TROPICAL BASIN USING THE IPH II MODEL." Geo UERJ, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): e30557. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/geouerj.2018.30557.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade do modelo hidrológico IPH II para a estimativa de vazões diárias na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pomba assim como verificar a sua acurácia na simulação de eventos extremos, de forma a obter informações para o planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos, além da previsão e mitigação de eventos de cheia no local. A sub-bacia selecionada para o estudo teve como seção de controle a estação fluviométrica Guarani, a qual drena uma área de 1.650 km2, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados de precipitação e evapotranspiração de referência, requeridos como dados de entrada no modelo IPH II, foram obtidos pelos métodos de Thiessen e Hargreaves-Samani, respectivamente. A calibração do modelo foi realizada de forma automática utilizando o algoritmo Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA), que possibilitou a estimativa dos parâmetros do modelo de forma rápida e eficiente. Os resultados obtidos com a utilização do modelo IPH II mostraram que as estimativas das vazões diárias foram adequadas e boas, com base no coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliffe, incluindo as máximas e mínimas diárias anuais e, também, as vazões mínimas de referência para fins de outorga, o que permite concluir que o modelo tem potencial para ser utilizado na gestão de recursos hídricos, na previsão de vazões de cheias e na mitigação de seus efeitos, assim como para análise de consistência e preenchimento de falhas nos dados de vazões.
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Morgan Uliana, Eduardo, Demetrius David da Silva, Michel Castro Moreira, Silvio Bueno Pereira, and Donizete Dos Reis Pereira. "MODELOS HIDROLÓGICOS SAC-SMA E IPH II: CALIBRAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO NA ESTIMATIVA DE VAZÕES NA BACIA DO RIO PIRACICABA (MG)." IRRIGA 25, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2020v25n2p202-222.

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MODELOS HIDROLÓGICOS SAC-SMA E IPH II: CALIBRAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO NA ESTIMATIVA DE VAZÕES NA BACIA DO RIO PIRACICABA (MG)4 EDUARDO MORGAN ULIANA1; DEMETRIUS DAVID DA SILVA2; MICHEL CASTRO MOREIRA2; SILVIO BUENO PEREIRA2 E DONIZETE DOS REIS PEREIRA3 1Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Setor Industrial, CEP. 78557-267, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil, morganuliana@gmail.com 2Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, CEP. 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, demetrius.ufv@gmail.com, michelcm@gmail.com 3Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rodovia LMG 818, km 06, CEP. 35690-000, Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brasil, donizete.pereira@ufv.br 4 O artigo é referente ao capítulo 1 da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor. 1 RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho dos modelos conceituais chuva-vazão Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) e IPH II para a estimativa das vazões diárias na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piracicaba (MG), de modo que os mesmos possam ser utilizados para subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão de recursos hídricos na bacia. O estudo foi realizado em três seções de monitoramento de vazão da bacia do rio Piracicaba, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil. A calibração dos modelos foi realizada com o algoritmo SCE-UA, utilizando como função objetivo o índice de Nash-Sutcliffe. Os valores do índice de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe obtidos nas três seções de monitoramento foram de 0,87, 0,78 e 0,71 para o modelo SAC-SMA e de 0,88, 0,80, e 0,73 para o modelo IPH II, confirmando que os modelos são “adequados e bons” para a estimativa das vazões diárias. Concluiu-se, portanto, que os modelos SAC-SMA e IPH II são adequados para a estimativa das vazões diárias de cursos de água da bacia do rio Piracicaba (MG), demonstrando potencial para serem utilizados em estudos relacionados com simulação hidrológica e gestão de recursos hídricos em bacias hidrográficas de regiões tropicais. Palavras-chave: modelo concentrado, chuva-vazão, planejamento de recursos hídricos, previsão. ULIANA, E. M.; SILVA, D. D.; MOREIRA, M. C.; PEREIRA, S. B.; PEREIRA, D. R. SAC-SMA AND IPH II HYDROLOGICAL MODELS: CALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FOR WATER FLOW ESTIMATE IN PIRACICABA RIVER BASIN (MG) 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of conceptual models Sacramento - Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) and IPH II for daily flow estimation in Piracicaba river basin, Minas Gerais, so that they may be used in the planning and management of water resources in the river basin. The study was carried out in three runoff-monitoring sections on Piracicaba river basin, located in the State of Minas Gerais - Brazil. Model calibration was performed through the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) algorithm, whose objective function was the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index values obtained in the three monitoring-sections were 0.87, 0.78, and 0.71 for the SAC-SMA model, and 0.88, 0.80, and 0.73 for the IPH II one. These values confirm that the models are “appropriate and good” for daily flow estimations. Overall, both models can be further used for hydrologic simulations and water resources management in tropical river basins. Keywords: concentrated models, rainfall-runoff, planning of water resources, forecast.
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SILVEIRA, ANDRÉ, Andrea Germano, and CARLOS TUCCI. "Estimativa dos Parâmetros do Modelo IPH II para algumas Bacias Urbanas Brasileiras." Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos 3, no. 4 (1998): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v3n4.p103-120.

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SILVA, VITOR, OLAVO PEDROLLO, Nilza Castro, and LUISA LUCCHESE. "Estudo de regionalização por transferência de parâmetros do Modelo IPH II na bacia do Rio Ijuí/RS." Revista de Gestão de Água da América Latina 10, no. 2 (2013): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21168/rega.v10n2.p65-75.

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Adilson Moreira, I., M. R. Moro Mine, and A. J. Pereira Filho. "Modelagem hidrológica chuva-vazão com dados de radar e pluviômetros." Ingeniería del agua 14, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ia.2007.2904.

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A principal informaçao de entrada para os modelos chuva-vazão é a precipitação; uma variável fundamental do ciclo hidrológico com características que dependem de seu tipo. O objetivo desde trabalho é analisar o impacto de diferentes formas de medida da precipitação em saídas de modelos chuva-vazão. As simulações hidrológicas foram realizadas com o modelo IPH II para 3 conjuntos de dados de precipitação como entrada do modelo: 1) pluviômetros, 2) chuva de radar, 3) radar mais pluviômetro – chuva analisada. A área escolhida para a realização do estudo foi a bacia do rio Barigüi, na região metropolitanade Curitiba, Paraná. Os resultados indicaram que as medidas de pluviômetros apresentam bons resultados para eventos de precipitação estratiforme. Por outro lado, simulações para eventos de precipitação com distribução espacial irregular não apresentaram bom desempenho. Além disso, as simulações hidrológicas com precipitação estimada apenas pelo radar não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, ora subestimando ou superestimando a vazão. Os melhores resultados foram produzidos com o campo de precipitação analisada com a ANOBES.
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TUCCI, CARLOS, Juan Bravo, and Walter Collischonn. "Verificação da Eficiência e Eficácia de um Algoritmo Evolucionário Multi-objetivo na Calibração Automática do Modelo Hidrológico IPH II." Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos 14, no. 3 (2009): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v14n3.p37-50.

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Benini, Rubens de Miranda, and Eduardo Mario Mendiondo. "Urbanização e Impactos no Ciclo Hidrológico na Bacia do Mineirinho." Floresta e Ambiente 22, no. 2 (June 2015): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.103114.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar cenários de ocupação urbana e seus efeitos no ciclo hidrológico da Bacia do Mineirinho. Buscou-se avaliar os riscos de enchentes causados pelo aumento das áreas de impermeabilização que tem ocorrido com a implantação do novo Campus da USP, São Carlos, SP. Foram estabelecidos quatro cenários de ocupação urbana: cenário pré-urbanização (1972); cenário 2000, cenário 2025 com Plano Diretor (CPD); e cenário 2025 sem Plano Diretor (SPD). Para comparação dos diferentes cenários realizaram-se simulações hidrológicas com modelo hidrológico IPH II. Pode-se observar que no cenário 2025 SPD a vazão máxima aumentou 388,0% quando comparada ao cenário 1972 e 319,4% quando comparada ao cenário 2000. Entre os cenários 2025 CPD e 2025 SPD há diminuição de 22,3% na vazão máxima e aumento no tempo de pico é de 50 minutos. Mesmo com aplicação de diretrizes do PD os riscos de inundações continuam altos.
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Tejadas, Bruno Espinosa, Juan Martin Bravo, Daniela Guzzon Sanagiotto, Rutinéia Tassi, and David Manuel Lelinho da Motta Marques. "Projeções de Vazão Afluente à Lagoa Mangueira com Base em Cenários de Mudanças Climáticas." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 31, no. 3 (September 2016): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-778631320150139.

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Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentada a avaliação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a vazão de contribuição à lagoa Magueira, localizada no sul do Brasil, com base em projeções de precipitação de vinte Modelos Climáticos Globais (MCGs) que alimentam o modelo hidrológico IPH II. As projeções foram baseadas em dois cenários de mudanças climáticas definidos pelo IPCC que estabelecem as forçantes para que os MCGs estimem o clima futuro: A2, caracterizado pelas altas emissões e B2, caracterizado pelas baixas emissões. O MAGICC/ScenGen foi utilizado para obter as projeções de anomalias mensais de precipitação nos cenários A2/B2 em períodos futuros centrados em 2030 e 2070. As séries temporais de precipitação projetadas foram estimadas usando o método delta change. Os resultados em termos de vazão média anual mostraram que o valor médio das anomalias no horizonte próximo é parecido em ambos cenários, sendo igual a +2,86%(A2) e +2,48%(B2). Este valor aumentou no horizonte longo, com valor médio das anomalias de +16,94%(A2) e +11,83%(B2). A dispersão entre os resultados dos MCGs mostrou anomalias que podem atingir [+10%,−7%] no horizonte próximo e [+30%,−20%] no horizonte longo. Assim, embora existisse uma maior concordância nos MCGs ao aumento das vazões, é importante ressaltar a dispersão dos resultados.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modelo IPH II"

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Martinez, Carlos Antonio Echeverria. "Calibração automática de modelo hidrológico com algoritmo baseado no comportamento de formigas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109781.

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É amplamente conhecida a crescente utilização de modelos hidrológicos com o fim de representar simplificadamente os complexos processos do ciclo hidrológico em bacias hidrográficas. O ajuste destes modelos passa por uma etapa de calibração onde os valores de seus parâmetros são definidos. Novas ferramentas de otimização vem sendo desenvolvidas com o passar do tempo e surge a necessidade de avaliar seu desempenho na calibração automática de modelos hidrológicos que utilizamos no dia-a-dia como, por exemplo, o IPH II. Nesse contexto, nessa pesquisa foi desenvolvido um algoritmo baseado no comportamento de colônias de formigas, denominado ACO-IPH. Os algoritmos baseados no comportamento de colônia de formigas, desde a sua conceição foram projetados para fins de otimização e testados, até a atualidade, em diversas aplicações, onde apresentaram desempenhos aceitáveis, embora as aplicações na calibração de modelos hidrológicos sejam escassas. O algoritmo ACO-IPH foi inicialmente testado em funções matemáticas com ótimos conhecidos apresentando um bom desempenho em termos de eficiência e eficácia. Posteriormente foi acoplado ao modelo hidrológico IPH II como uma alternativa na calibração automática mono-objetivo e verificado seu desempenho e as simplificações e limitações de sua utilização. Uma vez acoplado, o algoritmo foi testado na calibração automática do modelo IPH II utilizando uma série sintética de vazões e, posteriormente, utilizando séries reais de vazões em quatro bacias hidrográficas. O desempenho do algoritmo foi avaliado em termos de eficácia e eficiência, para três diferentes funções-objetivo e utilizando como critério de comparação o algoritmo SCE-UA. Os diferentes testes executados na calibração automática do modelo hidrológico IPH II mostraram que o ACO-IPH consegue encontrar boas soluções, porém não consegue apresentar um desempenho, em termos de eficiência e eficácia, comparável a algoritmos do estado da arte atual, como o algoritmo SCE-UA. A perda de eficiência do ACO-IPH em comparação ao SCE-UA é a mais importante, podendo demorar, em média, até 10 vezes mais até a convergência.
It is widely known the increasing use of hydrologic models in order to represent the complex processes of the hydrological cycle in watersheds. To adjust these models a calibration step is necessary, where the values of its parameters are defined. New optimization tools have been recently developed that could be used for the automatic calibration of hydrologic models as the IPH II. In this study an algorithm was developed based on the behavior of ant colonies, named ACO-IPH. Since its conception, the mathematical algorithms based on ants foraging behavior were designed for optimization purposes and tested, until today, in several applications, where it showed acceptable performance, although the applications for the calibration of hydrologic models are scarce. The ACO-IPH algorithm was initially tested on mathematical functions where the global optimum was known showing a good performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.Then it was coupled to the hydrologic model IPH II as an alternative for the single-objective automatic calibration. Several indices were estimated to assess the ACO-IPH performance after analyzing the simplifications and limitations of its use. Once coupled to the IPH II model, the algorithm was tested in the calibration processes using synthetic streamflow series and later using real series of observed streamflows in four watersheds. The algorithm's performance was assessed in terms of effectiveness and efficiency for three different objective functions and using as a basis of comparison the SCE -UA algorithm. The different tests performed in automatic calibration of hydrological model IPH II showed that ACO-IPH can find good solutions, but cannot reach the efficiency and effectiveness of other evolutionary algorithms like the SCE-UA. The loss of effectiveness of ACO-IPH compared to the SCE-UA is the most relevant. The ACO-IPH took, on average, 10 times longer toconvergence.
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Paula, Stefany Correia de. "PRECIPITAÇÃO ESTIMADA POR SATÉLITE PARA USO EM MODELO CONCENTRADO CHUVA-VAZÃO APLICADO EM DIFERENTES ESCALAS DE BACIAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7906.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In Hydrological rainfall-runoff models, rainfall is one of the main variables analyzed before being used as input data. However, its peculiar characteristics of occurrence make it challenging to measure, especially for developing countries, since it requires monitoring networks with high spatial and temporal resolutions. To overcome such problems, the use of remote sensing to estimate rainfall is being gradually diffused, with results considered of good reliability. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the results generated by a rainfall-runoff modeling, using precipitation information estimated by the TRMM satellite, applied to four watersheds of different scales. To achieve this objective was used the concentrated model IPH II in the version for Windows® (WIN_IPH2 version 2, denominated in this work as WIPH2). In a first analysis, conducted for the watersheds of the rivers Turvo (1,540 km2), Ijuí (9,450 km2), Jacuí (38,700 km2) and Alto Uruguai (61,900 km2), which are located in southern Brazil, it was observed that the precipitation estimates provided by the TRMM satellite generated consistent spatialized mean rainfall in relation to the generated by rain gauges networks. Were found errors about 7.5% (Ijuí River watershed) to 15% (Turvo River, Jacuí River and Alto Uruguai watersheds). In overall, the daily mean rainfall, generated by the TRMM estimates, increased their correlation with the rain gauges information, as there was an increase in the watershed drainage area. In the modeling, it was noted that the WIPH2 showed good fit for the simulation of flows in the selected watersheds, with exception to the application in the Alto Uruguai watershed. In some cases, even though the mean rainfall estimated by the TRMM had generated greater uncertainty regarding the data generated by the different rain gauge networks, the model was able to compensate the deficiency of this information, by changing parameters within limits considered acceptable for the characteristics watershed. It was found that, in overall, precipitation estimated by the TRMM produced improvements in the flow evaluation coefficient (Nash-Sutcliffe NS, and correlation R coefficients), as there was an increase in the watershed drainage area until the Jacuí River watershed, with a decrease of the coefficients for the Alto Uruguai watershed, which was probably caused by the inadequacy of the WIPH2 concentrated model to the heterogeneous characteristics of the last watershed. In places with good rainfall monitoring coverage, the satellite estimates produced lower results than those generated by information measured by rain gauges. In places where the lack of equipment is accentuated and/or their distribution is non-uniform, the use of satellite estimates proved to be more reliable, reaching clearly superior results. In this sense, it was concluded that the TRMM satellite estimates may present as good alternatives to watersheds with scarce rainfall information measures on the ground, having great chances to show better results when compared to information of rain gauges scarce and poorly distributed.
Nos modelos hidrológicos chuva-vazão, a precipitação é uma das principais variáveis analisadas antes de ser utilizada como informação de entrada. Entretanto, suas características peculiares de ocorrência a tornam de mensuração desafiadora, principalmente para países em desenvolvimento, já que requer redes de monitoramento com elevadas resoluções espaciais e temporais. Para contornar tais problemas, o uso do sensoriamento remoto para estimar precipitações está sendo aos poucos difundido, com resultados considerados de boa confiabilidade. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar os resultados gerados por uma modelagem chuva-vazão, utilizando-se de informações de precipitação estimadas pelo satélite TRMM, aplicada a quatro bacias hidrográficas de diferentes escalas. Para isso foi utilizado o modelo concentrado IPH II, na versão para Windows® (WIN_IPH2 versão 2, denominado neste trabalho como WIPH2). Em uma primeira análise, realizada para as bacias hidrográficas dos rios Turvo (1.540 km2), Ijuí (9.450 km2), Jacuí (38.700 km2) e Alto Uruguai (61.900 km2), localizadas na região sul do Brasil, observou-se que as estimativas de precipitação fornecidas pelo satélite TRMM geraram chuvas médias espacializadas consistentes em relação às geradas pelas redes de pluviômetros, apresentando erros de volume na ordem de 7,5% (bacia do Rio Ijuí) a 15% (bacias dos rios Turvo, Jacuí e Alto Uruguai). Em geral, as chuvas médias diárias, geradas pelas estimativas do TRMM, aumentaram suas correlações com as informações de pluviômetros, conforme houve um aumento da área de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica. Na modelagem, notou-se que o WIPH2 mostrou bom ajuste para a simulação das vazões nas bacias selecionadas, com ressalvas à aplicação na bacia do Alto Uruguai. Em alguns casos, mesmo que a precipitação média estimada pelo TRMM possuísse maior incerteza com relação aos dados gerados pelas diferentes redes de pluviômetros, o modelo conseguiu compensar a deficiência desta informação, por meio da alteração de parâmetros, dentro de limites considerados aceitáveis para as características das bacias hidrográficas. Verificou-se que, em geral, as precipitações estimadas pelo TRMM produziram melhoras no coeficiente de avaliação das vazões (coeficientes de Nash-Sutcliffe NS, e de correlação - R), à medida em que houve um aumento da área de drenagem da bacia hidrográfica até a bacia do Rio Jacuí, com decréscimo dos coeficientes para a bacia do Alto Uruguai, que provavelmente foi causado pela falta de adequação do modelo concentrado WIPH2 às características heterogêneas da última bacia. Em locais com boa cobertura de monitoramento pluviométrico, as estimativas de satélite produziram resultados inferiores aqueles gerados por informações mensuradas em solo; já em locais onde a escassez de equipamentos é acentuada e/ou sua distribuição é não-uniforme, a utilização de estimativas de satélite se mostrou mais confiável, chegando a resultados visivelmente superiores. Neste sentido, concluiu-se que as estimativas do satélite TRMM podem se apresentar como boas alternativas para bacias com escassez de informações de precipitação medidas em solo, tendo grandes chances de apresentarem melhores resultados quando comparadas com informações pontuais escassas e mal distribuídas.
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Tambara, Vinicius Teixeira. "Simulação do metabolismo em um reservatório subtropical de altitude integrado à bacia hidrográfica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141251.

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A variação do tempo de residência e o fluxo contínuo de água da bacia hidrográfica em direção à barragem fazem dos reservatórios um sistema de transição entre rios e lagos com características físicas, químicas e biológicas particulares que influenciam a sua hidrodinâmica e o seu metabolismo. O estudo do metabolismo em ecossistemas aquáticos subtropicais, particularmente em reservatórios, e sua relação com a bacia hidrográfica tem sido pouco explorado nos trabalhos que utilizam a modelagem matemática como ferramenta de análise. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar e analisar a variabilidade temporal do metabolismo em um reservatório subtropical de altitude localizado na cidade de Caxias do Sul/RS e sua relação com as contribuições da bacia hidrográfica em termos de vazão e nutrientes. Para tanto, foi aplicado o modelo ecológico baseado em processos IPH-ECO, em conjunto com o modelo hidrológico IPH-II. Após o ajuste dos níveis e a calibração do módulo de qualidade de água do IPH-ECO, foi determinada a variabilidade temporal das taxas metabólicas de produção primária (GPP) e respiração (R) no período de nov/2011 a dez/2012, que, comparado a outros períodos, foi marcado por uma estiagem anormal e um consequente aumento do tempo de residência do reservatório. Foi analisado o comportamento temporal das seguintes variáveis: nível d’água, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, clorofila-a, nutrientes, GPP e R, juntamente com as condições de contorno do modelo como as características hidrológicas e de uso e ocupação do solo da bacia hidrográfica. O reservatório apresentou um metabolismo autotrófico 97% do período de simulação, tornando-se heterotrófico em alguns dias da primavera, quando ocorreu uma diminuição da concentração de clorofila-a e fósforo total e uma intensificação do processo de nitrificação. As variações temporais das taxas GPP e R acompanharam o crescimento do fitoplâncton, que esteve mais associado ao padrão de estratificação e ao tempo de residência do reservatório. Nos meses com chuva, o aumento do escoamento superficial da bacia hidrográfica provocou um maior aporte de fósforo no reservatório contribuindo para o aumento do fitoplâncton e, consequentemente, das taxas de GPP e R. A biomassa fitoplanctônica foi o principal fator responsável pelo estabelecimento do metabolismo autotrófico no reservatório o qual respondeu mais em relação à dinâmica interna do sistema que à bacia hidrográfica.
Variation of residence time and continuous water inputs make reservoirs a transition aquatic system between lakes and rivers with physical, chemical and biological features that affect its hydrodynamics and metabolism. The study of aquatic metabolism in subtropical ecosystems, particularly in reservoirs, and its relation with the watershed has been poorly explored in researches that use mathematical models as a tool for analyzing this relation. This study aimed to quantify and analyse the temporal variability of metabolism in an altitude subtropical reservoir located in the city of Caxias do Sul/RS together with biotic and abiotic variables components of the reservoir, considering its relation with the physical features of the watershed. For this purpose, the process-based ecological model IPH-ECO was applied in the reservoir in combination with the hydrological model IPH-II. After the fit of simulated water levels to observation data and the calibration of IPH-ECO water quality module, the temporal variability of primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) was obtained in the period from nov/2011 to dez/2012, when, compared to other time periods, an unusual dry period occurred followed by an increase of reservoir residence time. The temporal pattern of the following variables was analysed: water levels, temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-A, nutrients, GPP and R, along with the model boundary conditions, such as watershed land use and hydrology. The reservoir was net autotrophic during 97% of the simulation time period, becoming net heterotrophic for a few days in the spring due to the decreasing of chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus concentration and the strengthening of nitrification process in the reservoir. Temporal variations of GPP and R followed the phytoplankton growth which in turn had been driven by the stratification pattern and the residence time of reservoir. A watershed “fast-flush” was observed during storm events with higher rates of leaching of phosphorus, leading to an increase of chlorophyll-a concentration and thus GPP and R in the reservoir. It could be inferred that, during the simulation time period, the phytoplankton biomass in the reservoir was the main factor in maintaining the autotrophic metabolism which in most of the time was more affected by the internal dynamic of the system than by the physical aspects of watershed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Modelo IPH II"

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Janet, Blake. "Part II Substantive Aspects, Ch.15 Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage." In The Oxford Handbook of International Cultural Heritage Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198859871.003.0015.

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This chapter assesses the drafting of the 2003 Convention on Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), the result of three decades of consideration within UNESCO. For many UNESCO Member States—especially in the African, Asia-Pacific, and Latin American regions—ICH constitutes a major part of their cultural heritage. The contribution that it can make to social and economic development in such societies was an important factor in the desire to strengthen international safeguarding of this heritage. UNESCO’s 2003 Convention was developed within two main international law and policy contexts: human-centred and sustainable development and the growing importance accorded to cultural rights. The 2003 Convention makes clear the role of cultural heritage in preserving cultural diversity; ensuring truly sustainable development models; protecting human rights and the cultural identities of individuals, social groups, and communities; and protecting the right of communities to be themselves socially and economically sustainable through their heritage.
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Conference papers on the topic "Modelo IPH II"

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Ermolovskaya, O. Yu. "Features Of Carrying Out Ipo Of The Company In Russia." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.42.

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Merroun, Ossama, Ahmed Al Mers, Marcelo A. Veloso, and Tarek El Bardouni. "Development and Validation of SACATRI Code for Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of the CENM TRIGA MARK II." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75350.

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The Moroccan TRIGA MARK II research reactor operating at power level of 2MW under natural convection regime was acquired by the CENM-Morocco in the aim of developing nuclear technology and its application in the industry and scientific research. Since 2007, start up tests have been performed on this reactor to verify that thermal, mechanical and neutronic parameters fall within the ranges allowing the safe and reliable working conditions of the reactor core. For these purposes, a thermal-hydraulic code named SACATRI, based on sub-channel model, was developed to satisfy the need of numerical simulation tool, able to predict the different thermal-hydraulic parameters of the coolant flow. In the aim of corroborating the physics modeling of the code, the present study is devoted to the quantification of the model accuracy obtained by comparing responses from SACATRI computational model with experimentally measured responses realized on the IPR-R1 TRIGA research reactor.
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Grahovac, Dijana, and Senad Softić. "DEVELOPMENT OF CEFTA 2006 – MINI SCHENGEN -ECONOMICS VERSUS POLITICS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.113.

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The effectiveness and efficiency of CEFTA 2006, even after almost a decade and a half, are far from utilising the potential. Member States act more as competitors than as partners, manifested by a significant number of formal and informal non-tariff barriers. There is no true will to fully exploit the potential offered by the free trade zone. This is also reflected in the low utilisation of financial resources envisaged for joint cross-border cooperation projects of IPA I and IPA II funds. All countries focus their international exchanges through trade with the EU, and intra-CEFTA trade is focused only on exports. The EU is making efforts to connect more tightly countries by supporting mini-Schengen project for Western Balkans. The paper will try to answer the questions: what economic benefits can the mentioned model bring and is politics a significant obstruction? The comparative regression analysis of the impact of the exchange of goods and services on the economic development of the member states for CEFTA 1992 and CEFTA 2006 will be presented in the paper. The analysis will be done by using the SPSS statistical program.
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Magistri, Loredana, Michele Bozzolo, Olivier Tarnowski, Gerry Agnew, and Aristide F. Massardo. "Design and Off-Design Analysis of a MW Hybrid System Based on Rolls-Royce Integrated Planar SOFC." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38220.

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In this paper the design point definition of a pressurised hybrid system based on the Rolls-Royce Integrated Planar-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IP-SOFCs) is presented and discussed. The hybrid system size is about 2 MWe and the design point analysis has been carried out using two different IP-SOFC models developed by Thermochemical Power Group (TPG) at the University of Genoa: (i) a generic one, where the transport and balance equations of the mass, energy and electrical charges are solved in a lumped volume at constant temperature; (ii) a detailed model where all the equations are solved in a finite difference approach inside the single cell. The first model has been used to define the hybrid system lay out and the characteristics of the main devices of the plant such as the recuperator, the compressor, the expander, etc. The second model has been used to verify the design point defined in the preview step, taking into account that the stack internal temperature behaviour are now available and must be carefully considered. Apt modifications of the preliminary design point have been suggested using the detailed IP-SOFC system to obtain a feasible solution. In the second part of the paper some off-design performance of the Hybrid System carried out using detailed SOFC model are presented and discussed. In particular the influence of ambient conditions is shown, together with the possible part load operations at fixed and variable gas turbine speed. Some considerations on the compressor surge margin modification are reported.
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Adianto, Riski, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Maher Nessim, Sherif Hassanien, and Steven Bott. "Demonstration of Limit States Design Method for Assessment of Corrosion and Crack Features." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9517.

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Abstract A reliability-based limit states design (LSD) method for assessment of corrosion and crack features has been developed for onshore transmission pipelines as part of a joint industry project. The rule-based LSD approach is a simplified form of the reliability-based approach that reduces the latter to a set of deterministic checks. The LSD corrosion assessment method and a comparison of its performance against one operator’s reliability approach were published in previous IPC papers [1,3]. This paper compares the LSD corrosion and crack assessment methods to another simplified reliability-based approach, namely the Pipeline Integrity Reliability Analysis (PIRA) Level I, that was published in a previous IPC paper [2]. The PIRA model is staged into three levels, where Level I analysis is a simplified form of the reliability-based approach where the probability of failures of predefined features’ sizes are precalculated using conservative assumptions for a fast turnaround screening analysis of the entire pipeline system in order to identify areas requiring more in-depth full probabilistic Level II or III analyses. This paper describes the application of both LSD and Level I methods on two low vapour pressure (LVP) liquid pipelines and provides a comparison of the results. The comparative analysis was based on the number of features not meeting reliability targets in both methods and, thus, are eligible for repair according to each method. Out of the two pipelines considered, one has corrosion and the other has cracks as the dominant threat. The results show that there are noticeable differences between the outputs of the two methods. The root cause of these differences was investigated by conducting a sensitivity analysis on the input parameters, including: reliability target, wall thickness distribution, feature depth and length distributions, pipeline sectioning procedure and the usage of model error (which is used in the LSD method but not in the PIRA Level I method). For cracks, differences between the Modified Ln-Secant model used in the LSD method and the CorLAS model used in PIRA Level I were also considered. It was observed that the discrepancies in the required repairs resulting from the two methods can be mostly attributed to the feature depth distribution, wall thickness distribution and the reliability target. For cracks, the burst pressure model selection also had a significant impact on the results.
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Bian, Liming, Robert L. Mauck, and Jason A. Burdick. "Dynamic Compressive Loading and Crosslinking Density Influence the Chondrogenic and Hypertrophic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80048.

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While hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels provide a stable 3D environment that is conducive to the chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence of growth factors [1], the neocartilage that is formed remains inferior to native tissue, even after long culture durations. Additionally, MSCs eventually transit into a hypertrophic phenotype after chondrogenic induction, resulting in the calcification of the ECM after ectopic transplantation [2]. From a material design perspective, variation in the HA hydrogel scaffold crosslinking density via changes in the HA macromer concentration can influence chondrogenesis of MSCs and neocartilage formation [3]. Recent studies have also demonstrated that dynamic compression enhances the expression of chondrogenic markers and cartilage matrix synthesis by MSCs encapsulated in various hydrogels, including agarose [4], alginate [5] and fibrin [6]. Furthermore, mechanical signals also regulate growth plate and articular cartilage chondrocyte hypertrophy via the IHH-PTHrP (India hedgehog, Parathyroid hormone-related protein) pathway [7]. In contrast to biologically inert scaffold materials, HA is capable of interacting with cells (including MSCs) via cell surface receptors (CD44, CD54, and CD168) [8; 9]. Therefore the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the effects of both hydrogel crosslinking and dynamic compressive loading on (i) chondrogenesis and cartilage matrix production/distribution of human MSCs encapsulated in HA gels and (ii) hypertrophic differentiation of human MSCs using an in vitro MSC hypertrophy model [10].
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Dutta, B. K., S. Guin, and M. K. Samal. "On-Line Remaining Life Assessment of Hot Reheat Pipe Bend." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79513.

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An ageing in-service Hot Reheat (HRH) pipe bend before Intermediate Pressure (IP) Stop/ Control Valve of a Utility was identified for real-time creep-fatigue damage assessment. A data acquisition system has been installed to record thermal hydraulic parameters, such as pressure, temperature and flow on real time basis. The HRH piping including low pressure bypass line incorporating various supports such as directional restraints, constant weight hangers and spring hangers, was modeled using straight and bend elements. Static stress analysis was performed to find out the forces and moments at either ends of the pipe-bend for sustained and expansion loadings using piping analysis program CAESAR-II. A detailed 3-D Finite Element Model of the pipe bend was also developed using 20-noded brick elements. The 3-D FE model along with material parameters and loading are used by code BOSSES for on-line monitoring of damage. The nodal temperatures (obtained by temperature transient analysis), recorded internal pressure, associated piping loads, etc. are then used in a stress analysis module to calculate stresses at different gauss points of the pipe bend. The temperatures and stresses at different time are then used to compute fatigue and creep damage and to assess growth of different postulated cracks at various locations of pipe bend, as well as remaining life. All the information are upgraded and restart files are saved for successive computation. The real-time process data of the pipe bend are made available to the Researcher’s Desk through Client-Server Network.
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Shea, Rex T., and Jiri Kral. "MADYMO Simulations of Occupant and Vehicle Kinematics in Offset and Oblique Barrier Tests." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-83009.

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Oblique and offset impacts occur more frequently than full frontal impacts and the resulting occupant and vehicle kinematics are more complicated. Simulations of these test modes are more involved with added vehicle degrees of freedom. Additional occupant interactions with the vehicle interior need to be considered so that the occupant kinematics can be correlated more accurately. In order to capture the vehicle motion in an offset or oblique impact, a prescribed motion approach is preferred where the vehicle is given a three-dimensional motion with six degrees of freedom. With a planar motion assumption, the dominant angular motion about the vertical direction can be derived from linear accelerations measured at two locations where the vehicle deformation is a minimum. In a previous study the angular kinematics was given to a coordinate origin located on the vehicle centerline and longitudinally near the rear rocker. The instantaneous center of rotation was assumed to be fixed at this point during the event. This is referred to as Method I in this paper. A new approach, referred to as Method II, applied translational displacement to three bodies, which carried the passenger compartment through stiff spring elements. The displacements were integrated from measured accelerations, eliminating the uncertainty of a shifting center of rotation. Both methods assumed the vehicle frame between the front and rear rockers as a rigid body. The IP and steering column intrusions and floor deformations were neglected. The results from both methods were correlated to a pair of 40 kph 30 degree angle impact tests and an IIHS ODB test. Method II showed a slightly better timing correlation for the angle tests and the IIHS ODB test. However, both methods didn’t predict the lateral head contact for the driver in the left angle test and the passenger in the right angle test. More interior details have to be included in the model to capture the lateral motion of the occupants. The prescribed motion method is a more general approach than the commonly used inverse kinematics method, and can be applied to full frontal impact as well. The versatility of the method provides a basis for a modular approach in occupant simulations.
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Haines, Harvey, Lars Hörchens, and Jasper Schouten. "Adaptive Ultrasonic Imaging of Electric Resistance Welded Pipeline Seams." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78189.

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Imaging techniques using full matrix capture (FMC) ultrasonic NDE are well suited for in-service examination of electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe seams. We have been involved in developing an imagine technique since 2013 and presented results from Phase I at IPC in 2016 showing the system capable of detecting seam weld and SCC flaws and determining their orientation. The advantages over other methods such as phased array (PA) is the ability to image the flaw surface in addition to the flaw tip and corners where the flaw intersects the pipeline surface. This improves the ability to determine flaw orientation for discrimination of different types or crack-like features. The system produces UT images by overlaying multiple modes using reflections off the ID and OD pipe surface for ultrasonic illumination of the weld area from different directions. Using multiple modes produces a reflection off features regardless of flaw orientation from at least one of the modes. A complementary mode can then be used to size each feature by detecting the tips or ends of the feature from lower amplitude diffraction signals. Phase I used a model which assumed a cylindrical pipe shape. Real world use of this technique found limitations when pipe deviated from the assumed cylindrical shape such as severe offset plate edges, flat spots which can be the result of poor crimping adjacent the seam weld, or thickening of the seam caused by post weld heat treatment. In Phase II a need for reduced sizing error led to improved calibration and more advanced processing. To compensate for the non-perfect nature of real pipe, a new adaptive IWEX technique was developed to improve focusing and alignment of the various modes using the actual geometry to construct better focusing laws. First the OD and ID surfaces are imaged and the resulting surfaces are used to construct focusing laws which adapt to changes in the OD and ID surfaces. Results are better aligned UT images with the ability to image complex flaws with changes in orientation, and the ability to discriminate complex flaws from multiple small flaws in the pipe. Results show improvements in pipe with the greatest improvements in pipe with the largest deviations from a cylindrical shape.
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Childs, Edward, and Stephen Kohr. "Multi-Disciplinary Optimization of a Turbocharger Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14805.

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Abstract The design of a turbocharger compressor must meet aerodynamic performance requirements, operate within specified stress and vibration limits, and respond quickly to changes in operating conditions. Design optimization must therefore include static, thermal and modal analysis (including weight and polar moment of inertia calculations) along with aerodynamic analysis (CFD). In some cases, a design optimized for aerodynamic performance only can be optimized separately to meet structural goals, using impeller backface geometry, bore radius and fillet radius inputs, which generally do not impact aerodynamic performance. If, however, impeller geometry inputs such as R1t-R1h, R2, B2 influence both aerodynamic and structural analysis, a coupled optimization is required, and each design must have both CFD and FEA analyses. In this study, a radial compressor with a vaneless diffuser at a single operating point is considered. The aerodynamic parameters for the impeller (BETA1H, BETA1S, BETA2S, main blade count, B2, R2, R1t) and diffuser (Pinch, R3/R2, Rex/R2) comprise in total 10 independent aerodynamic inputs. The aerodynamic objectives are to meet the operating point pressure ratio target and to maximize efficiency. The structural parameters for the backface (shoulder position, shoulder radius, web thickness at outer diameter (OD), OD angle, shoulder angle), bore radius and fillet radius comprise in total 7 independent structural inputs. The main structural objectives are to minimize the polar moment of inertia, and satisfy constraints on allowable maximum stress, deflection and the frequencies of blade vibration (flapping) modes. Successful multi-disciplinary optimization requires both CFD and FEA analysis to complete successfully for each trial design. Initial test runs of the optimization resulted in many geometries for which a valid CFD grid or FEA grid could not be generated. The high percentage of failed runs in the initial DOE impeded the construction of a viable surrogate model. A comprehensive investigation of all failure modes led to prescreening of both CFD and FEA geometry generation, using input constraints. The failure rate was greatly reduced as a result, leading to an improved search. Prior to the geometry screening, the optimizer found a large Pareto frontier between the efficiency and polar moment of inertia objectives. Following the screening, the efficiency and IP objectives became more cooperative. The optimization was carried out using Concepts NREC tools AxCent® and TurboOPT II™, NUMECA Fine/Turbo, and ESTECO modeFRONTIER®.
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