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Da Conceição, Andreia Faranha, Alan Patricio Da Silva, Luana Dias De Vargas, Marjorie Heloise Maruchi, and Andreia Zarzour Abou Hala Corrêa. "O acesso vertiginoso na aquisição de máscaras faciais e suas repercussões na saúde pública e de populações vulneráveis/The vertiginous access in the acquisition of face masks and their repercussions on pubic health and vulnerable populations." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 4, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto34127.
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Introdução: A infeção por COVID-19, ocasionou um colapso nas relações cotidianas, principalmente aos maiores de 60 anos e pessoas com doenças pré-existentes. Foram necessárias intervenções não farmacêuticas à toda população. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um recurso de baixo custo para grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade social da região do ABC Paulista, São Paulo. Método: Foi desenvolvido um modelo de máscara com materiais acessíveis e de fácil confecção: TNT, amarilho e elástico de borracha natural. Resultados: O processo para confecção foi realizado em 8 etapas: marcação, corte, fixados os arames e os elásticos, feita as pregas, costuradas e embaladas. Foram confeccionadas 100 máscaras. Conclusão: A confecção de máscaras para compartilhamento com pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social é uma alternativa para minimizar os riscos de infecção e promover algum tipo de assistência, portanto uma alternativa viável no combate a propagação da pandemia de COVID-19. AbstractIntroduction: The infection by COVID-19, caused a breakdown in everyday relationships, especially for those over 60 and people with pre-existing diseases. Non-pharmaceutical interventions were required for the entire population. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a low-cost resource for groups in situations of social vulnerability in the ABC Paulista region, São Paulo. Method: A mask model was developed with accessible and easy-to-manufacture materials: TNT, yellowing and natural rubber elastic. Results: The process for making was carried out in 8 stages: marking, cutting, the wires and elastics were fixed, the pleats were made, sewn and packed. 100 masks were made. Conclusion: The making of masks for sharing with people in a situation of social vulnerability is an alternative to minimize the risks of infection and promote some type of assistance, therefore a viable alternative in combating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.Key words: occupational therapy, facial masks, low cost technology, pandemic, risk groups, Coronavirus. ResumenIntroducción: La infección por COVID-19 causó un colapso en las relaciones cotidianas, especialmente para las personas mayores de 60 años y las personas con enfermedades preexistentes. Se requirieron intervenciones no farmacéuticas para toda la población. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un recurso de bajo costo para grupos en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social en la región del ABC Paulista. Método: Se desarrolló un modelo de máscara con materiales accesibles y fáciles de fabricar: TNT, amarillamiento y goma elástica natural. Resultados: El proceso de fabricación se llevó a cabo en 8 etapas: se marcaron, cortaron, se fijaron los alambres y los elásticos, se fabricaron, cosieron y empaquetaron los pliegues. Se hicieron 100 máscaras. Conclusión: la creación de máscaras para compartir con personas en situación de vulnerabilidad social es una alternativa para minimizar los riesgos de infección y promover algún tipo de asistencia, por lo tanto, una alternativa viable para combatir la propagación de la pandemia de COVID-19.Palabras clave: terapia ocupacional, mascarillas, tecnología de bajo costo, pandemias, grupos de riesgo, coronavirus.
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Pereira, Carlos Alberto Sanches, Marcelo Ribeiro de Almeida Guedes, Denise Celeste Godoy Andrade Rodrigues, Ana Paula Cunha Pereira, and Lidiane De Fátima de Oliveira Souza. "CONSTRUÇÃO DE SALA AMBIENTE COMO METODOLOGIA ALTERNATIVA PARA O ENSINO DE ANATOMIA E FISIOLOGIA DO SISTEMA DIGESTÓRIO HUMANO." Pedagogia em Foco 14, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29031/pedf.v14i12.465.
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O atual modelo de ensino nas escolas tem se caracterizado, muitas vezes, por atividades pedagógicas desarticuladas e distanciadas da realidade do educando e, principalmente, baseado na memorização das informações. O uso de estratégias de ensino não convencionais, consideradas como atividades lúdicas, propiciam uma melhor assimilação do conteúdo programático. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi construir uma sala ambiente para o ensino de Anatomia e Fisiologia do sistema digestório humano. A mesma foi construída em uma sala de um colégio público e simulava todo o sistema supracitado. Para a construção utilizou-se materiais diversos como: TNT, tubos de PVC, argamassa, garrafas pet, dentre outros. Cada aluno antes de entrar para a visitação respondeu um questionário (pré-teste) sobre sistema digestório. Após vivenciar o processo digestivo na sala ambiente, os alunos responderam o mesmo questionário (pós-teste), bem como um questionário de satisfação. Dentre os resultados encontrados destaca-se o aumento do percentual de alunos (82,7%), que acertaram mais questões no pós-teste, em relação ao pré-teste. Nesse contexto, concluiu-se que a sala ambiente é uma metodologia lúdica eficaz para o processo de ensino aprendizagem de anatomia e fisiologia do sistema digestório humano.
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Askar, S. S., and A. Al-khedhairi. "Cournot Duopoly Games: Models and Investigations." Mathematics 7, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7111079.
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This paper analyzes Cournot duopoly games that are constructed based on Cobb–Douglas preferences. We introduce here two models whose dynamic adjustments depend on bounded rationality, dynamic adjustment, and tit-for-tat mechanism. In the first model, we have two firms with limited information and due to that they adopt the bounded rationality mechanism. They update their productions based on the changing occurred in the marginal profit. For this model, its fixed point is obtained and its stability condition is calculated. In addition, we provide conditions by which this fixed point loses its stability due to flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations. Furthermore, numerical simulation shows that this model possesses some chaotic behaviors which are recovered due to corridor stability. In the second model, we handle two different mechanisms of cooperation. These mechanisms are dynamic adjustment process and tit-for-tat strategy. The players who use the dynamic adjustment increase their productions based on the cooperative output while, in tit-for-tat mechanism, they increase the productions based on the cooperative profit. The local stability analysis shows that adopting tit-for-tat makes the model unstable and then the system becomes chaotic for any values of the system’s parameters. The obtained results show that the dynamic adjustment makes the system’s fixed point stable for a certain interval of the adjustment parameter.
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Wang, Xiaoqiang, Karineh Petrossian, Miao-Juei Huang, Kohei Saeki, Noriko Kanaya, Gregory Chang, Somlo George, and Shiuan Chen. "AR Is Not an Independent Marker for TNBC: The Lesson We Learn From Two PDX Models." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A804—A805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1636.
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Abstract Extensive efforts, through cell line-based models, have been made to characterize the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, these efforts have not yet reached a consensus with regards to the mechanism of AR in TNBC. On the other hand, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are generally considered more appropriate than cell line-based models for recapitulating the structural and molecular features of a patient’s tumor, but only a few have been reported to be AR-positive TNBC. In our study, we identified and molecularly characterized two new, AR-positive TNBC PDX models and assessed the impacts of AR agonist (DHT) and antagonist (enzalutamide) on tumor growth and gene expression profiles by utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blots, and RNA-Seq and TNBC subtyping analyses. Two PDX models, termed TN1 and TN2, were derived from two grade 3 TNBC tumors, each containing 1~5% of AR positive tumor cells. DHT activated AR in both PDX tumors by increasing AR nuclear localization and protein levels. However, the endpoint tumor volume of DHT-treated TN1 was 3-folds smaller than that of non-treated TN1 tumors. Conversely, the endpoint tumor volume of DHT-treated TN2 was 2-folds larger than that of non-treated TN2. Moreover, enzalutamide failed to antagonize DHT-induced tumor growth in TN2. The RNA-Seq analyses revealed that DHT suppressed gene expression in TN1 (961 down-regulated genes versus 149 up-regulated genes), while the DHT promoted gene expression in TN2 (673 up-regulated genes versus192 down-regulated genes). TNBC subtyping analyses based on RNA-Seq data predicted distinct molecular subtypes of TN1 and TN2: TN1 correlated to a basal-like 1 (BL1) subtype, and TN2 correlated to a basal-like 2 (BL2) subtype. These analyses suggest that TN1 and TN2, which both express functional AR, are two molecularly distinct PDX models that expand our current knowledge of AR-positive TNBC. Our results do not support that AR is a suitable therapeutic target in TNBC. To our best knowledge, the molecular mechanisms of AR in TNBC are equivocal and should be evaluated using clinically relevant models, considering both the heterogeneous expression of AR in TNBC and the general complexities of AR signaling.
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Bendor, Jonathan. "Formal Models of Bureaucracy." British Journal of Political Science 18, no. 3 (July 1988): 353–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400005160.
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Formal analysis is fairly new in public administration, and there is some scepticism in the field about the intellectual advantages of mathematical methods. This is appropriate. Using these methods is now faddish, and fads can cause goal displacement. A formal model of bureaucracy should be only a tool for deepening our knowledge about public organizations. If the underlying ideas are silly, translating them into mathematics will do little good. If they are promising, however, deductive reasoning can help us explore their potential: if one believes A is a general property of bureaucracies, to fail to work out A's logical implications would be throwing away information. Analysis can also increase the falsifiability of our ideas: if A implies B but empirically we find not-B, the truth status of A is brought into question. Or it may turn out, as Arrow discovered about democratic principles, that our informal ideas are logically inconsistent: we thought properties C and D describe existing or possible institutions, but recasting the ideas into mathematical form reveals that such an institution is impossible. Finally, some problems are just too hard to tackle without formal tools. It is unlikely, for example, that Robert Axelrod would have discovered the robustness of the simple strategy of tit-for-tat in the two person prisoners' dilemma without the help of a computer (to pit tit-for-tat against many opponents in thousands of rounds of play) and of mathematics (to prove some generic properties of tit-for-tat).
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Moon, Seong Won, and Tong Seop Kim. "Advanced Gas Turbine Control Logic Using Black Box Models for Enhancing Operational Flexibility and Stability." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 5703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215703.
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In recent years, the importance of operational flexibility has increased for gas turbines that can stably operate under various operation conditions. This study proposes advanced control logic using black box models based on an artificial neural network. The goals are to enhance the operational flexibility by increasing the ramp rate and to enhance the operational stability by overcoming the limitation of conventional schedule-based control. By applying the advanced control logic, the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and turbine exhaust temperature (TET) can be maintained at the optimal values, resulting in efficiency improvement by 0.35%. Furthermore, the maximum deviation of the rotational speed was reduced from 0.22% to 0.061%, and the maximum variations of TIT and TET were reduced by 15–20 °C during the fluctuation of the gas turbine’s power output. In conclusion, high-efficiency operation and a reduction in the degradation of the high-temperature parts can be expected through optimal operations of gas turbines by applying the proposed advanced control logic in a harsh operating environment. Moreover, fast load following can be achieved to meet the recent requirements of the operation environment of gas turbines by improving the ramp rate from 30 to 60 MW/min.
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Civita, Prospero, Diana M. Leite, and Geoffrey Pilkington. "Pre-Clinical Drug Testing in 2D and 3D Human In Vitro Models of Glioblastoma Incorporating Non-Neoplastic Astrocytes: Tunneling Nano Tubules and Mitochondrial Transfer Modulates Cell Behavior and Therapeutic Response." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 6017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236017.
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The role of astrocytes in the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is poorly understood; particularly with regard to cell invasion and drug resistance. To assess this role of astrocytes in GBMs we established an all human 2D co-culture model and a 3D hyaluronic acid-gelatin based hydrogel model (HyStem™-HP) with different ratios of GBM cells to astrocytes. A contact co-culture of fluorescently labelled GBM cells and astrocytes showed that the latter promotes tumour growth and migration of GBM cells. Notably, the presence of non-neoplastic astrocytes in direct contact, even in low amounts in co-culture, elicited drug resistance in GBM. Recent studies showed that non-neoplastic cells can transfer mitochondria along tunneling nanotubes (TNT) and rescue damaged target cancer cells. In these studies, we explored TNT formation and mitochondrial transfer using 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models of GBM and astrocytes. TNT formation occurs in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive “reactive” astrocytes after 48 h co-culture and the increase of TNT formations was greater in 3D hyaluronic acid-gelatin based hydrogel models. This study shows that human astrocytes in the tumour microenvironment, both in 2D and 3D in vitro co-culture models, could form TNT connections with GBM cells. We postulate that the association on TNT delivery non-neoplastic mitochondria via a TNT connection may be related to GBM drug response as well as proliferation and migration.
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Zhang, Jian Ping, Xiao Yan Lin, Xue Gang Luo, and Chi Zhang. "Fixed Bed Column Studies for the Sorption of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene on the Aminated Lignin." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.635.
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A fixed bed column of aminated lignin (AmL) was used for the adsorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous solution. The effects of AmL, bed height, inlet TNT concentration and feed flow rate on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were studied. It was found that deeper bed depth, higher initial concentration and lower flow rate were favorable to the adsorption of TNT on the AmL column. The adsorption data fitted well with the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. The AmL was shown to be suitable adsorbent for adsorption of TNT using fixed-bed adsorption column.
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Askar, S. S., Ahmad M. Alshamrani, and K. Alnowibet. "Analysis of Nonlinear Duopoly Game: A Cooperative Case." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/528217.
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We make further attempts to investigate equilibrium stability of a nonlinear Cournot duopoly game. Our studies in this paper focus on the cooperation that may be obtained among duopolistic firms. Discrete time scales under the assumption of unknown inverse demand function and linear cost are used to build our models in the proposed games. We introduce and study here an adjustment dynamic strategy beside the so-called tit-for-tat strategy. For each model, the stability analysis of the fixed point is analyzed. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the complex behavior of the proposed models and to point out the impact of the models’ parameters on the cooperation.
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VanBuren, Peter, Shari L. Alix, Joseph A. Gorga, Kelly J. Begin, Martin M. LeWinter, and Norman R. Alpert. "Cardiac troponin T isoforms demonstrate similar effects on mechanical performance in a regulated contractile system." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): H1665—H1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00938.2001.
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Alteration of troponin T (TnT) isoform expression has been reported in human and animal models of myocardial failure. The two adult beef cardiac TnT isoforms (TnT3 and TnT4) were isolated for comparative functional analysis. Thin filaments were reconstituted containing pure populations of the isoforms. The in vitro motility assay was used to directly compare the effect of the two TnT isoforms on force and unloaded shortening as a function of free calcium. We found no significant differences between the two isoforms in terms of calcium sensitivity, cooperativity, or maximal activation (velocity and force) as assessed in a fully calcium-regulated system. Activation by myosin strong binding was similar for thin filaments containing either of the two TnT isoforms. Whereas maximally activated velocity and cooperativity was depressed at pH 6.5, no difference between thin filaments containing the two isoforms was detected. From the small magnitude of the TnT isoform shifts detected in myocardial failure and the lack of significant mechanical effect detected in the motility assay, variable TnT isoform expression is unlikely to be any functional significance in heart failure.
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Katragadda, Mohit, Sean P. Malkeson, and Nilanjan Chakraborty. "Modelling of the Tangential Strain Rate Term in the Flame Surface Density Transport Equation in the Context of Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Simulations: A Direct Numerical Simulation Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/927408.
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A direct numerical simulation (DNS) database of freely propagating statistically planar turbulent premixed flames with a range of different values of Karlovitz number Ka, turbulent Reynolds numberRet, heat release parameterτ, and global Lewis number Le has been used to assess the models of the tangential strain rate term in the generalised flame surface density (FSD) transport equation in the context of Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. The tangential strain rate term has been split into contributions arising due to dilatation rateTDand flame normal strain rate (-TN). Subsequently,TDand (-TN) were split into their resolved (i.e.,TD1and (-TN1)) and unresolved (TD2and (-TN2)) components. Detailed physical explanations have been provided for the observed behaviours of the components of the tangential strain rate term. This analysis gave way to the modelling of the unresolved dilatation rate and flame normal strain rate contributions. Models have been identified forTD2and (-TN2) for RANS simulations, which are shown to perform satisfactorily in all cases considered, accounting for the variations in Ka,Ret,τand Le. The performance of the newly proposed models for the FSD strain rate term have been found to be either comparable to or better than the existing models.
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Hoffmann, Julia, Michael Behnes, Uzair Ansari, Kathrin Weidner, Philip Kuche, Jonas Rusnak, Seung-Hyun Kim, et al. "The association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T with echocardiographic stages of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563219841644.
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Background This study evaluates the associations between high-sensitivity troponin I and T (hs-TnI/hs-TnT) and the stages of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)/diastolic dysfunction. Methods Blood samples for biomarker measurements (hs-TnI/hs-TnT/NT-proBNP) were collected within 24 h of routine echocardiographic examination. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, right ventricular dysfunction and moderate-to-severe valvular heart disease were excluded. Graduation of diastolic dysfunction was determined according to current guidelines. Results A total of 70 patients were included. Hs-TnT concentrations increased significantly according to the progression of diastolic dysfunction ( P = 0.024). Hs-TnT was able to discriminate patients with diastolic dysfunction grade III (AUC = 0.737; P = 0.013), while NT-proBNP revealed a greater AUC (AUC 0.798; P = 0.002). Concentrations of hs-TnI increased only numerically according to the increasing stages of diastolic dysfunction ( P = 0.353). In multivariable logistic regression models, hs-TnT concentrations > 28 ng/L were associated with diastolic dysfunction grade III (OR = 4.7, P = 0.024), even after adjusting for NT-proBNP. Conclusion Increasing concentrations of hs-TnT may reflect the stages of diastolic dysfunction being assessed by echocardiography, whereas hs-TnI does not show any association with diastolic dysfunction.
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LEE, JAIMIN. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF UNDERWATER EXPLOSION PROPERTIES FOR NONIDEAL EXPLOSIVES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920804716x.
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Underwater experiments for an ideal explosive, TNT, and two nonideal explosives, CETR emulsion and DXD-04, were performed, and numerically simulated. For TNT, calculations done by using program-burn models based on the rate-independent Chapman-Jouguet theory were in a good agreement with experimental results, which validated the wide use of program-burn models for ideal explosives. For CETR emulsion and DXD-04, experimental observations could be reproduced with high precision only when reaction rates were employed. These results demonstrated that detonation in nonideal explosives can be modeled only by using properly calibrated reaction rates.
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Landek, Ivan, Stanislav Frangeš, and Marijan Marjanović. "Proposal for establishment of the basic national topographic model (BNTM) in the Republic of Croatia." Geodetski vestnik 61, no. 02 (2017): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2017.02.263-277.
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Fu, Dan, Yi He Zhang, He Li Wang, and Feng Zhu Lv. "Rice Husk Active Carbon as a Potential Low-Cost Adsorbent for TNT Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1289.
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In this paper, the adsorption properties of TNT on Rice husk active carbon (RHAC) were investigated. The effects of contact time was examined. Kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were conducted using Lagergren’s pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and diffusion models. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by pseudo second-order model. The study indicates that there is significant potential for RHAC as an adsorbent material for TNT removal from wastewater.
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Zaripov, S. A., A. V. Naumov, J. F. Abdrakhmanova, A. V. Garusov, and R. P. Naumova. "Models of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) initial conversion by yeasts." FEMS Microbiology Letters 217, no. 2 (December 2002): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11477.x.
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Niederdöckl, Jan, Alexander Simon, Sebastian Schnaubelt, Nikola Schuetz, Roberta Laggner, Patrick Sulzgruber, Alexander O. Spiel, Harald Herkner, Anton N. Laggner, and Hans Domanovits. "Cardiac biomarkers predict mortality in emergency patients presenting with atrial fibrillation." Heart 105, no. 6 (November 10, 2018): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313145.
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ObjectivesTo assess the predictive value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT) serum levels for mid-term mortality in patients presenting with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) to an emergency department.MethodsNon-interventional cohort/follow-up study, including consecutive patients presenting to a tertiary care university emergency department due to symptomatic AF between 2012 and 2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the mortality rates and hazards per 100 patient-years (pry) for NT-proBNP and hs-TnT serum levels in quintiles.Results2574 episodes of 1754 patients (age 68 (IQR 58–75) years, female gender 1199 (44%), CHA2DS2-VASc 3 (IQR 1–4)) were recorded. Following the exclusion of incomplete datasets, 1780 episodes were available for analysis. 162 patients deceased during the mid-term follow-up (median 23 (IQR 4–38) months); the mortality rate was 4.72/100 pry. Hazard for death increased with every quintile of NT-proBNP by 1.53 (HR; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.83; p<0.001) and by 1.31 (HR; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.55; p=0.002) with every quintile of hs-TnT in multivariate Cox-regression analysis. No interaction between NT-proBNP and hs-TnT levels could be observed.ConclusionElevated NT-proBNP and hs-TnT levels are independently associated with increased mid-term mortality in patients presenting to an emergency department due to symptomatic AF.Trial registration numberNCT03272620; Results.
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Holman, Jiří. "Unsteady Flow past a Circular Cylinder Using Advanced Turbulence Models." Applied Mechanics and Materials 821 (January 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.821.23.
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This work deals with the numerical simulation of unsteady compressible turbulent flow past a circular cylinder. Turbulent flow is modeled by two different methods. The first method is based on the system of URANS equations closed by the two equation TNT model or modified EARSM model. Second method is based on the X-LES model, which is a hybrid RANS-LES method. Numerical solution is obtained by the finite volume method. Presented results are for the sub-critical turbulent flow characterized by Re=3900.
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Santer, Benjamin D., Susan Solomon, Giuliana Pallotta, Carl Mears, Stephen Po-Chedley, Qiang Fu, Frank Wentz, et al. "Comparing Tropospheric Warming in Climate Models and Satellite Data." Journal of Climate 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0333.1.
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Updated and improved satellite retrievals of the temperature of the mid-to-upper troposphere (TMT) are used to address key questions about the size and significance of TMT trends, agreement with model-derived TMT values, and whether models and satellite data show similar vertical profiles of warming. A recent study claimed that TMT trends over 1979 and 2015 are 3 times larger in climate models than in satellite data but did not correct for the contribution TMT trends receive from stratospheric cooling. Here, it is shown that the average ratio of modeled and observed TMT trends is sensitive to both satellite data uncertainties and model–data differences in stratospheric cooling. When the impact of lower-stratospheric cooling on TMT is accounted for, and when the most recent versions of satellite datasets are used, the previously claimed ratio of three between simulated and observed near-global TMT trends is reduced to approximately 1.7. Next, the validity of the statement that satellite data show no significant tropospheric warming over the last 18 years is assessed. This claim is not supported by the current analysis: in five out of six corrected satellite TMT records, significant global-scale tropospheric warming has occurred within the last 18 years. Finally, long-standing concerns are examined regarding discrepancies in modeled and observed vertical profiles of warming in the tropical atmosphere. It is shown that amplification of tropical warming between the lower and mid-to-upper troposphere is now in close agreement in the average of 37 climate models and in one updated satellite record.
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Ducic, Vladan, Bosko Milovanovic, Gorica Stanojevic, Milan Milenkovic, and Nina Curcic. "Tropical temperature altitude amplification in the hiatus period (1998-2012)." Thermal Science 19, suppl. 2 (2015): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150410103d.
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In the period 1998-2012 there was a stagnation in temperature rise, despite the GHGs radiation forcing is increased (hiatus period). According to Global Circulation Models simulations, expected response on the rise of GHGs forcing is tropical temperature altitude amplification - temperature increases faster in higher troposphere than in lower troposphere. In this paper, two satellite data sets, UAH MSU and RSS, were used to test altitude temperature amplification in tropic (20?N-20?S) in the hiatus period. We compared data from satellite data sets from lower troposphere (TLT) and middle troposphere (TMT) in general and particularly for land and ocean (for UAH MSU). The results from both satellite measurements showed the presence of hiatus, i.e. slowdown of the temperature rise in the period 1998-2012 compared to period 1979-2012 (UAH MSU) and temperature fall for RSS data. Smaller increase, i.e. temperature fall over ocean showed that hiatus is an ocean phenomenon above all. Data for UAH MSU showed that temperature altitude amplification in tropic was not present either for period 1979-2012, or 1998-2012. RSS data set also do not show temperature altitude amplification either for longer (1979-2012), or for shorter period (1998-2012). RSS data for successive 15-year periods from 1979-1993 till 1998-2012 does not show tropical temperature altitude amplification and in one case negative trend is registered in TLT and in two cases in TMT. In general, our results do not show presence of temperature altitude amplification in tropic in the hiatus period.
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Donahue, L., F. Zhang, and R. C. Ripley. "Numerical models for afterburning of TNT detonation products in air." Shock Waves 23, no. 6 (September 1, 2013): 559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-013-0467-2.
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Huszał, Anna. "Model nadzoru metrologicznego nad urządzeniami procesowymi do pomiaru THT." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 12 (December 2020): 955–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.12.10.
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Rosnące zapotrzebowanie na analizatory procesowe stosowane w nadzorze procesu nawaniania paliw gazowych i związane z tym coraz wyższe wymagania ich użytkowników w zakresie jakości uzyskiwanego wyniku pociągają za sobą rosnące potrzeby weryfikacji poprawności działania tych urządzeń oraz potwierdzenia wiarygodności wyniku pomiaru. Obecnie brak jednak odpowiednich regulacji prawnych dotyczących sprawowania kontroli nad tego typu aparaturą, jak również precyzujących, z jaką niepewnością powinno być oznaczane stężenie środka nawaniającego w gazie. Istniejące w tym obszarze regulacje normatywne nie są jednoznaczne i mogą być różnie interpretowane, przez co często urządzenia procesowe do pomiaru stężenia tetrahydrotiofenu (THT) w gazie mogą pozostawać bez właściwego nadzoru metrologicznego. Niezbędny jest zatem właściwy dobór i weryfikacja odpowiednich metod kontroli poprawności wskazań ww. urządzeń procesowych oraz ich wdrożenie do programu okresowych sprawdzeń. Niezwykle pożądaną metodą nadzoru jest sprawdzanie lub wzorcowanie analizatorów w warunkach obiektowych (procesowych), bez potrzeby ich demontażu na czas sprawdzenia. Wiąże się to z koniecznością określenia możliwości prowadzenia nadzoru metrologicznego analizatorów procesowych do kontroli stężenia THT okresowo z wykorzystaniem urządzeń referencyjnych. W artykule przedstawiono porównanie dwóch metod stosowanych obecnie w nadzorze metrologicznym analizatorów procesowych do pomiaru stężenia THT w gazie ziemnym rozprowadzanym sieciami dystrybucyjnymi. Analizie poddano wyniki sprawdzeń poprawności działania tych urządzeń uzyskane metodą porównania z testem laboratoryjnym oraz metodą pomiarów porównawczych on-line. Przeprowadzone badania zweryfikowały główne źródła błędów, mające istotny wpływ na poprawność wyniku uzyskiwanego za pomocą wybranych testów sprawdzających. Otrzymane wyniki badań wykazały istnienie błędu systematycznego dla metody porównania z testem laboratoryjnym. Wykazały także możliwość stosowania metody pomiarów porównawczych on-line do przeprowadzania okresowych wzorcowań bądź sprawdzeń poprawności działania analizatorów THT w warunkach procesowych.
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Gradišek, Anton, Marion van Midden, Matija Koterle, Vid Prezelj, Drago Strle, Bogdan Štefane, Helena Brodnik, et al. "Improving the Chemical Selectivity of an Electronic Nose to TNT, DNT and RDX Using Machine Learning." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 5207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235207.
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We used a 16-channel e-nose demonstrator based on micro-capacitive sensors with functionalized surfaces to measure the response of 30 different sensors to the vapours from 11 different substances, including the explosives 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNT) and 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT). A classification model was developed using the Random Forest machine-learning algorithm and trained the models on a set of signals, where the concentration and flow of a selected single vapour were varied independently. It is demonstrated that our classification models are successful in recognizing the signal pattern of different sets of substances. An excellent accuracy of 96% was achieved for identifying the explosives from among the other substances. These experiments clearly demonstrate that the silane monolayers used in our sensors as receptor layers are particularly well suited to selecting and recognizing TNT and similar types of explosives from among other substances.
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Hikal, Walid, and Brandon Weeks. "Non-Isothermal Sublimation Kinetics of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Nanofilms." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 23, 2019): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061163.
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Non-isothermal sublimation kinetics of low-volatile materials is more favorable over isothermal data when time is a crucial factor to be considered, especially in the subject of detecting explosives. In this article, we report on the in-situ measurements of the sublimation activation energy for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) continuous nanofilms in air using rising-temperature UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy at different heating rates. The TNT films were prepared by the spin coating deposition technique. For the first time, the most widely used procedure to determine sublimation rates using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was followed in this work using UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy. The sublimation kinetics were analyzed using three well-established calculating techniques. The non-isothermal based activation energy values using the Ozawa, Flynn–Wall, and Kissinger models were 105.9 ± 1.4 kJ mol−1, 102.1 ± 2.7 kJ mol−1, and 105.8 ± 1.6 kJ mol−1, respectively. The calculated activation energy agreed well with our previously reported isothermally-measured value for TNT nanofilms using UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy. The results show that the well-established non-isothermal analytical techniques can be successfully applied at a nanoscale to determine sublimation kinetics using absorbance spectroscopy.
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Abrenica, Maria Joy V., Ricardo Rafael S. Guzman, and Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista. "Trade Wars and the Disarray in the Global Trading System: Implications for the Philippines." Asian Economic Papers 18, no. 3 (December 2019): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00718.
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This study uses the Caliendo and Parro ( 2015 ) multi-sector, multi-country, general equilibrium Ricardian trade model with national and international input-output linkages to assess the impact on welfare of higher tariffs due to the U.S.–China trade war in the case of the Philippines. A sample of 65 countries including a constructed rest of the world is used, with 31 ICIO tradeable and non-tradeable sectors and 2015 as the base year. The constructed scenario is of the U.S.–China tariff tit-for-tat and retaliatory measures taken by Mexico, Canada, EU, Russia, and Turkey against the United States during 2018. The findings show that the Philippines and others in the sidelines could incur larger welfare losses than those directly involved in the conflict, in contrast with the sanguine prediction of other models.
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Trisnawati, Trisnawati, and Dhoriva Urwatul Wutsqa. "PERBANDINGAN KEEFEKTIFAN QUANTUM TEACHING DAN TGT PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI PRESTASI DAN MOTIVASI." Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika 2, no. 2 (November 2, 2015): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jrpm.v2i2.7348.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teaching dan TGT) dan membandingkan keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teaching dan TGT) pada pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi-experiment dengan desain pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta, sedangkan sampelnya adalah siswa kelas VIII-D dan VIII-E. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes prestasi belajar dan angket motivasi belajar siswa. Untuk menguji keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teachingdan TGT), data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji one sample t-test. Untuk membandingkan keefektifan model pembelajaran (Quantum Teaching dan TGT), data dianalisis dengan menggunakan MANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji t-Bonferoni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran (Quantum TeachingdanTGT) efektif dan model Quantum Teaching lebih efektif daripada model TGT ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa. Kata Kunci: model quantum teaching, model TGT, prestasi belajar, motivasi belajar COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF QUANTUM TEACHING AND TGT IN MATHEMATICS’ INSTRUCTION VIEWED FROM ACHIEVEMENT AND MOTIVATION Abstract This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching and Cooperative TGT Models and compare the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching models with TGT in mathematics’ instruction viewed from the students’ achievement and learning motivation. This study was a quasi-experimental study using the pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The research population was all grade VIII students, while the sample is students of Class VIII-D and VIII-E. The data collecting instruments consisted of a students’ learning achievement test and learning motivation to questionnaires. To test the effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching and TGT models, the data were analyzed using one sample t-test. Then, to comparethe effectiveness of the Quantum Teaching models TGT models, the data were analyzed using MANOVA and continued using the t-Beonferroni test. The results of the study show that the Quantum Teaching and TGT models are effective and the Quantum Teaching model is more effective than the TGT models in mathematics’ instruction viewed from the students’ achievement and learning motivation. Keywords: quantum teaching models, TGT models, learning achievement, learning motivation
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Messina, Francisco Javier, Leonardo Rey Vega, and Cecilia Gabriela Galarza. "Estimación de Sincrofasores en Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes: de Modelos a Restricciones de Diseño." Elektron 1, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37537/rev.elektron.1.2.26.2017.
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Presentamos en primer lugar una reseña de dos populares clases de métodos de estimación de sincrofasores. Ellas son la clase de métodos basados en la transformada de Fourier discreta (DFT) y la transformada de Taylor-Fourier (TFT), que surgen de un modelo de fasor constante y polinómico, respectivamente. Se exponen las limitaciones de estos métodos, que surgen por los propios modelos asumidos, lo cual los hace poco apropiados en situaciones donde el fasor no puede representarse en términos tan simples. Este problema puede resolverse con los estimadores basados en optimización convexa semi-infinita (CSIP), un enfoque novedoso que también es descripto. En particular, enfatizamos las restricciones asociadas con las situaciones más críticas para los métodos basados en modelos, mostrando cómo controlar precisamente el desempeño de los estimadores en dichos casos. Finalmente, mostramos que los estimadores DFT y TFT son instancias particulares del estimador CSIP, de modo existe una conexión entre estos dos enfoques aparentemente diferentes. Esto abre la puerta para futuros análisis y desarrollos.
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Klein, Ruben. "Alguns aspectos da teoria de resposta ao item relativos à estimação das proficiências." Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação 21, no. 78 (July 2, 2013): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40362013005000003.
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Este artigo trata da importância do erro de medida tanto na Teoria Clássica dos Testes (TCT) como na Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) e de alguns aspectos ligados a estimação das proficiências pelos modelos logísticos da TRI. O artigo mostra que somente no modelo de 3 parâmetros, a consistência no padrão de respostas afeta a estimação das proficiências. O artigo mostra também a importância de se ter testes adequados ao aluno ou a população.
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Schweinfurth, Manon K., and Michael Taborsky. "Rats play tit-for-tat instead of integrating social experience over multiple interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1918 (January 15, 2020): 20192423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2423.
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Theoretical models of cooperation typically assume that agents use simple rules based on last encounters, such as ‘tit-for-tat’, to reciprocate help. By contrast, empiricists generally suppose that animals integrate multiple experiences over longer timespans. Here, we compared these two alternative hypotheses by exposing Norway rats to partners that cooperated on three consecutive days but failed to cooperate on the fourth day, and to partners that did the exact opposite. In additional controls, focal rats experienced cooperating and defecting partners only once. In a bar-pulling setup, focal rats based their decision to provide partners with food on last encounters instead of overall cooperation levels. To check whether this might be owing to a lack of memory capacity, we tested whether rats remember the outcome of encounters that had happened three days before. Cooperation was not diminished by the intermediate time interval. We conclude that rats reciprocate help mainly based on most recent encounters instead of integrating social experience over longer timespans.
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MANJI, B., and F. R. VAN DE VOORT. "Comparison of Two Models for Process Holding Time Calculations: Convection System." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.4.359.
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The reaction kinetics of microbial destruction in food products are generally determined by the Thermal Death Time method (TDT), while chemical changes have traditionally been calculated by the more widely accepted Arrhenius approach. These two methods do not reconcile mathematically, and simply stated, one is the inverse of the other. It was of interest therefore to consider the relationship of these methods relative to each other on a mathematically simulated and experimental basis. The kinetic parameters of Saccharomyces uvarum were determined experimentally and used to calculate simulated processes in accordance to the relationships dictated by the TDT and Arrhenius models. The simulation results indicated a discrepancy between the methods, the Arrhenius approach requiring about 16% more time to complete a process. Based on five processing trials carried out using S. uvarum the actual process times were compared to those predicted by the TDT and Arrhenius methods. The Arrhenius method predicted the correct process times on the average, while the TDT predictions were short by about 8% in terms of time. From a microbiological standpoint, these differences are not likely to be singificant, however, they may be important if the TDT method is used to characterize the kinetic parameters of more rigerously defined chemical systems.
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Mutambara, Tsitsi E. "Implications of the US–China Tit-for-Tat Tariff Escalation: A Literature Review of Standard Trade Theory and Empirical Evidence on Economic Consequences and Effects on Both Countries." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.952971.
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This study reviewed standard international trade theories as they pertain to the impact of trade restrictions. Current empirical studies were reviewed to see whether evidence supports trade theory predictions. Conventional price impacts in standard models of international trade show that trade restrictions are detrimental for trade for both countries involved, and the empirical evidence from current studies confirmed this. The current tit-for-tat tariff escalation between China and the United States has led to, among other things, increased domestic prices to both American consumers and producers; lower export prices to some of the Chinese exporters and American firms based in China; reduced import and export trade between the two countries that would lead to costly adjustments in supply chains; loss in net welfare and employment; and loss in competitive advantage to firms in both countries that produce for export. Therefore, efforts should be made to de-escalate these trade tensions.
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Remenche, Maria de Lourdes Rossi. "Terminologia - Reconstrução histórica dos principais paradigmas epistemológicos da ciência terminológica." Tradterm 16 (June 18, 2010): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-9511.tradterm.2010.46324.
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Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os modelos teóricos da Terminologia. Para tanto faz uma incursão pelas origens da Terminologia numa leitura histórica do seu desenvolvimento e sua associação à consciência dos cientistas sobre a importância das nomenclaturas científicas para a fixação e circulação do saber científico e técnico. O nascimento da Terminologia moderna advém dessa necessidade de normalizar, conceitual e denominativamente, os campos das ciências. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo faz uma retomada da Teoria Geral da Terminologia (TGT) para chegar a uma análise da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT), que estabelece fundamentos mais amplos e flexíveis para a Terminologia, instrumentalizando e fortalecendo-a para o desenvolvimento de seu objetivo – estudar e descrever, completa e adequadamente, os objetos terminológicos, abrindo possibilidades para o tratamento de realidades distintas. Para essa análise, baseamo-nos em Barbosa (1996), Cabré (1993; 1998; 1999), Krieger (2001), Rondeau (1984) e Wüster (1998).
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Barnat, W. "Experimental and numerical study of influence of incidence angle of shock wave created by explosive charge on the steel plate." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0017.
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Abstract This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on influence of an incidence angle of the shock wave on a steel plate. The problem of interaction between the wave front and a barrier is important from the point of view of protection the crew of armored vehicles. One way of remedying the harmful effects of impacts of the shock wave is the reflection wave of the barrier set at an angle to the face of the wave. The article presents the numerical and experimental approach to the subject. The numerical part presents four models in which the plate was set at angles 0◦, 15◦, 30◦, 45◦. In each case, the plate was loaded by a wave formed after the explosion 2 kg of TNT. In the experimental part the results are presented from an experiment in which the wave was formed from 2 kg TNT detonation at a distance of 0.4 m in parallel to the steel plate.
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Permadi, Adimas Eko, Yus Mochamad Cholily, and Alfiani Athma Putri. "Cooperative Models Practice Type Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) With a Saintific Approach on Material Opportunity." Mathematics Education Journal 2, no. 2 (August 28, 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/mej.v2i2.6498.
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This study aimed to describe learning plan on Opportunity material usingTeams Games Tournaments (TGT) with a scientific approach, and to knowstudent learning activities on learning materials opportunities using TeamsGames Tournaments (TGT) with scientific approach, as well as to know theresults of student learning on learning materials Opportunities using TeamsGames Tournaments (TGT) with scientific approach. Type of this research isdescriptive and the approach used is qualitative and quantitative. Techniqueof collecting data were observation, test, and documentation. The resultsshowed that the planning of TGT learning was only based on 4 components:(1) class presentations, (2) teams, (3) games, and (4) tournaments as well asthe non-implementation of group awards and components combined withscientific approaches, while student learning activities are in type of “good”category since the test results showed that 28 students were complete and 6students were unfinished. In classical, students' completeness reached 82.3%and was said to be complete. These results indicated that learning activitieswith TGT model with scientific approach is good to be applied.
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Baráth, Etele. "Egy térszerkezeti modell." Tér és Társadalom 1, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.1.3.3008.
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The conceptual model outlined in the paper was elaborated in order to support regional planning. It is a resource oriented model involving both natural and societal resources . The model aims to facilitate the analysis of inter-relationships among the components of spatial development processes.
ln its first part the paper reviews some of the issues which urge a system oriented approach in the study of the Hungarian settlement network. It assumes that Hungarian urbanists faíled to give answers to basic theoretical questions therefore are unable to provide a reliable background for settlement planning and settlement development. While social scientists manifest an increasing interest in settlement development, urbanists are largely índifferent to social issues. Their scope of interest is stíll restricted to technical problems: the 'reformist wave' in Hungary seems to have passed by the urbanists . The conceptual model outlined in the paper derives regional and settlement development processes from societal needs and pools their operating factors into two subsystems, the so-called sectoral und the so-called spatial systems, which are dialectically related to each other. The second part of the paper gives insight into the contents of spatial analyses made with the application of the model.
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Daskalakis, Constantinos, Nishanth Dikkala, and Gautam Kamath. "Testing Ising Models." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 65, no. 11 (November 2019): 6829–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2019.2932255.
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Martinova, Z., D. Damgaliev, and M. Hirsh. "The effect of room temperature pre-ageing on tensile and electrical properties of thermomechanically treated Al-Mg-Si alloy." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 38, no. 1-2 (2002): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb0202061m.
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A commercial Al - 0.62%Mg - 0.57%Si was thermomechanically treated (TMT). The TMT process included solution treatment, room temperature preageing, drawing (e=95%) and final ageing. The experimental data were proceeded statistically and mathematical models were derived for the alloy properties such as tensile strength, electrical conductivity and elongation of the wires during TMT. The models are used to find out the area of compromise optimal combination of the alloy properties. Higher final ageing temperature and time are required to design a TMT process for production of a long-term pre-aged wires. The influence of the room temperature preageing on the precipitation process during TMT is discussed.
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Jankura, Richard, Zuzana Zvaková, and Martin Boroš. "ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL RELATIONS FOR CALCULATION OF EXPLOSION WAVE OVERPRESSURE." Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT 1 (November 16, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pns.v1.116.
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The explosion of an explosive system causes primary and secondary effects on people and objects near its site. The most devastating is the pressure effect of the explosion, especially the overpressure. Individual parameters of pressure wave (overpressure size, duration impulse) can be determined by mathematical or virtual modeling or can also be measured under real conditions.
The authors focused on the parameters of the positive phase of the shock wave propagating from the source of the explosion towards the object. The article covers the description and analysis of selected mathematical relations, which are used to determine the magnitude of the explosion overpressure. The results are based on selected formulas. The source of the explosion referred in the study is an explosive system containing a reference explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). TNT is a military explosive that is used as a reference explosive in technical standards dedicated to the certification of explosion-proof elements, and at the same time, a TNT equivalent is known to allow the mass of an explosive charge to be recalculated.
The results obtained by mathematical modeling according to individual approaches have been compared and the possibilities of using computational models in the area of security management and education of security managers have been identified. The results of the study confirm that prediction of pressure wave parameters at different distances and weights can assist security managers in creating attack scenarios and designing a suitable object protection system.
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Marchisone, C., R. Benelli, A. Albini, L. Santi, and D. M. Noonan. "Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Type I Interferons in Models of Kaposi'S Sarcoma." International Journal of Biological Markers 14, no. 4 (October 1999): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089901400411.
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Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a pathology which occurs with increased frequency and in a particularly aggressive form in AIDS patients. The HIV-1 Tat protein appears to be an important co-factor in the induction of the extensive neo-vascularization associated with AIDS-KS. Tat acts as a chemoattractant for endothelial cells in vitro, inducing both chemotactic and invasive responses. Several clinical trials have been performed testing the effectiveness of diverse biological agents in therapy of KS, among these the type I interferons. Type I IFNs have diverse biological functions besides their anti-viral activity, including anti-angiogenic properties. We have shown that IFNα and IFNβ are potent inhibitors of both primary and immortalized endothelial cell migration and morphogenesis in vitro as well as neo-angiogenesis induced by HIV-1 Tat in vivo. The inhibitory effect of IFN class I on HIV-Tat associated angiogenesis further supports its use as a therapy for epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. The use of recombinant IFNs at the levels required to obtain a therapeutic effect are associated with side effects and toxicity, therefore we are now developing a gene therapy approach for constant and local delivery type I IFNs.
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Suhartini Maharani. "PENGARUH METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING DAN PERSEPSI KINESTETIK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR GERAK DASAR MANIPULATIF." Visipena Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v11i1.1092.
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This study aims to determine the effect of the TGT and STAD learning models on manipulative basic motion learning outcomes, to analyze the interaction of cooperative learning models with kinesthetic perceptions on learning outcomes, as well as differences in learning outcomes with TGT and STAD models in students with high and low kinesthetic perceptions. This study uses an experimental method with factorial design. The study was conducted at SDIT Al Madinah in 4th grade students. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and different tests. The results showed that there were significant differences in the learning outcome in the learning model with the TGT model with the STAD model. There is an interaction between learning models with kinesthetic perception on learning outcomes. In the high kinesthetic perception, the learning outcomes of the TGT class are much higher than the STAD class, whereas in the low kinesthetic perception, the learning outcomes of the TGT class are slightly higher than the STAD class.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran TGT dan STAD pada hasil belajar gerak dasar manipulatif, menganalisis interaksi model cooperative learning dengan persepsi kinestetik pada hasil belajar, serta perbedaan hasil belajar dengan model TGT dan STAD pada siswa dengan persepsi kinestetik tinggi dan rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain factorial design. Penelitian dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Al Madinah pada siswa kelas 4. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji beda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan hasil belajar gerak dasar manipulatif pada model pembelajaran dengan model TGT dengan model STAD. Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan persepsi kinestetik pada hasil belajar. Pada persepsi kinestetik tinggi, hasil belajar kelas TGT jauh lebih tinggi dari kelas STAD, sedangkan pada persepsi kinestetik rendah, hasil belajar kelas TGT sedikit lebih tinggi dari kelas STAD.
Kata Kunci: cooperative learning, TGT, STAD, persepsi kinestetik, hasil belajar
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Frost, Timothy P., and Alex J. Adams. "Pharmacist and Technician Perceptions of Tech-Check-Tech in Community Pharmacy Practice Settings." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 31, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190017703505.
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Objective: Tech-check-tech (TCT) is a practice model in which pharmacy technicians with advanced training can perform final verification of prescriptions that have been previously reviewed for appropriateness by a pharmacist. Few states have adopted TCT in part because of the common view that this model is controversial among members of the profession. This article aims to summarize the existing research on pharmacist and technician perceptions of community pharmacy–based TCT. Data Sources: A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (January 1990 to August 2016) and Google Scholar (January 1990 to August 2016) using the terms “tech* and check,” “tech-check-tech,” “checking technician,” and “accuracy checking tech*.” Data Synthesis: Of the 7 studies identified we found general agreement among both pharmacists and technicians that TCT in community pharmacy settings can be safely performed. This agreement persisted in studies of theoretical TCT models and in studies assessing participants in actual community-based TCT models. Pharmacists who had previously worked with a checking technician were generally more favorable toward TCT. Conclusion: Both pharmacists and technicians in community pharmacy settings generally perceived TCT to be safe, in both theoretical surveys and in surveys following actual TCT demonstration projects. These perceptions of safety align well with the actual outcomes achieved from community pharmacy TCT studies.
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Moreira, Alex, and Cristina Henriques Nogueira. "Comparação da classificação na prova da OBMEP por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) e da Teoria Clássica de Testes (TCT)." Revista Meta: Avaliação 12, no. 34 (March 26, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.22347/2175-2753v12i34.2151.
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Este estudo objetiva investigar se a Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) se aplica na Olimpíada Brasileira de Matemática-OBMEP-2017 e comparar com o modelo tradicional de Teoria Clássica de Testes (TCT). A amostra foi composta por 350 estudantes que estavam cursando o ensino médio, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais (IF SUDESTE), campus Rio Pomba/MG. Avaliou-se os itens (questões) da prova da OBMEP-2017 (nível 3) primeira etapa. A análise das questões foi pelo modelo de Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) e análise dos parâmetros pelo Programa Computacional ICL (IRT Command Language). Os dados foram analisados na Linguagem R. Conclui-se que a TRI é aplicável às provas da OBMEP no que diz respeito ao ajuste dos modelos logísticos com 1, 2 e 3 parâmetros, já o modelo de 3 parâmetros foi o que apresentou melhor ajuste pelo Critério de Informação de Akaike (AIC).
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Fang, Zongping, Di Wu, Jiao Deng, Qianzi Yang, Xijing Zhang, Jian Chen, Shiquan Wang, et al. "An MD2-perturbing peptide has therapeutic effects in rodent and rhesus monkey models of stroke." Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 597 (June 9, 2021): eabb6716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6716.
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Studies have failed to translate more than 1000 experimental treatments from bench to bedside, leaving stroke as the second leading cause of death in the world. Thrombolysis within 4.5 hours is the recommended therapy for stroke and cannot be performed until neuroimaging is used to distinguish ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, finding a common and critical therapeutic target for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is appealing. Here, we report that the expression of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), which is traditionally regarded to be expressed only in microglia in the normal brain, was markedly increased in cortical neurons after stroke. We synthesized a small peptide, Trans-activating (Tat)–cold-inducible RNA binding protein (Tat-CIRP), which perturbed the function of MD2 and strongly protected neurons against excitotoxic injury in vitro. In addition, systemic administration of Tat-CIRP or genetic deletion of MD2 induced robust neuroprotection against ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in mice. Tat-CIRP reduced the brain infarct volume and preserved neurological function in rhesus monkeys 30 days after ischemic stroke. Tat-CIRP efficiently crossed the blood-brain barrier and showed a wide therapeutic index for stroke because no toxicity was detected when high doses were administered to the mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MD2 elicited neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis via a TLR4-independent, Sam68-related cascade. In summary, Tat-CIRP provides robust neuroprotection against stroke in rodents and gyrencephalic nonhuman primates. Further efforts should be made to translate these findings to treat both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients.
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Hariyanto, Agus, and Darmiyati Zuchdi. "KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL TGT DAN JIGSAW DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PEMBELAJARANEKONOMI SMA NEGERI DI SLEMAN." Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v3i2.7906.
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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji: (1) keefektifan model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dan model Jigsaw dengan pendekatan saintifik, (2) membandingkan keefektifan model TGT dan Jigsaw dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam pembelajaran ekonomi SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest postest non equivalent group design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sleman. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) Model TGT dan Jigsaw dengan pendekatan saintifik efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. 2) Ada perbedaan keefektifan signifikan antara model TGT dan Jigsaw. Model Jigsaw mempunyai jumlah indeks gain score ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotoriklebih tinggi dibandingkan TGT. Model TGT mempunyai gain score lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Jigsaw untuk hasil belajar ranah kognitif. Model Jigsaw mempunyai gain score lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan TGT untuk hasil belajar ranah afektif. Model TGT dan Jigsaw menunjukkan gain score yang sama untuk hasil belajar ranah psikomotorik.THE EFECTIVENESS OF THE TGT AND JIGSAW MODELS USING THESCIENTIFIK APPROACHIN ECONOMICS LEARNINGAT STATE SHSs IN SLEMAN AbstractThis study aims to test: (1) the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) and Jigsaw modelsusing the scientific approach. (2) tocompare the effectiveness of the TGT and Jigsaw models using the scientific approach in economics learning at state SHSs in Sleman Regency. This was a quasi-experimental study pretest postest non equivalent group design employing the pretest-posttest design. The research population comprised Grade X students of state SHSs in Sleman Regency. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The TGT and the Jigsaw modelswhich are implemented using the scientific approach effectivelyimproves the learning outcome in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric domains. 2) There isa significant difference in terms of effectiveness between the two models. Jigsaw model is generates a higher gain score than TGT that was indicated by results of the sum of index gain score cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric aspects learning outcomes. The TGT learning model generates a higher gain score than the Jigsaw for the cognitive domain. The Jigsaw model, however, produces a higher gain score than the TGT for the affective domain. Compared to the Jigsaw model, the TGT learning model shows an equal gain score for the psychomotoric domain.
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Li, L.-J., W.-K. Jiang, and Y.-H. Ai. "Experimental Study on Deformation and Shock Damage of Cylindrical Shell Structures Subjected to Underwater Explosion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 11 (April 12, 2010): 2505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2092.
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The security evaluation of some structures shocked by an underwater explosion (UNDEX) frequently plays a key role in some cases, and it is necessary to accurately predict the damage condition of the structure in an UNDEX environment. This study investigates the dynamic linear and non-linear responses and shock damages of two kinds of submerged cylindrical shell models exposed to underwater spherical trinitrotoluene (TNT) charge explosions in a circular lake. Two endplates and a middle plate are mounted on the cylindrical shells to provide support and to create two enclosed spaces. The two kinds of cylindrical shell models with the same geometry characteristics are unfilled and main hull sand-filled. Fifteen different tests are carried out by changing the TNT explosive weights of 1 and 2 kg, standoff distances ranging from 3 to 0.3 m, and two explosion positions. Measured experimental results are compared with each other, and some transformed data are obtained. A detailed discussion on experimental results shows that the dynamic responses and damage modes are much different, and the main hull sand-filled cylindrical shell is more difficult to be damaged by the shock wave loading than the unfilled model. Edge cracks are mainly observed at the instrument hull of the main hull sand-filled model, but surface tearing and cracks are observed on both the main hull and the instrumental hull of the unfilled model, respectively.
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de Vllliers, Bertus. "Self-government in deeply divided societies - the kaleidoscope of efforts by the Afrikaans community to develop a comprehensive model for self-management." Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 58, no. 1 (2018): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2018/v58n1a2.
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Hadzic, Stefan, Cheng-Yu Wu, Marija Gredic, Baktybek Kojonazarov, Oleg Pak, Simone Kraut, Natascha Sommer, et al. "The effect of long-term doxycycline treatment in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 320, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): L903—L915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00048.2021.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and a still incurable disease, comprising emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In addition to airflow limitation, patients with COPD can suffer from pulmonary hypertension (PH). Doxycycline, an antibiotic from the tetracycline family, in addition to its pronounced antimicrobial activity, acts as a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor and has anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, doxycycline treatment exhibited a beneficial effect in several preclinical cardiovascular disease models. In preclinical research, doxycycline is frequently employed for gene expression modulation in Tet-On/Tet-Off transgenic animal models. Therefore, it is crucial to know whether doxycycline treatment in Tet-On/Tet-Off systems has effects independent of gene expression modulation by such systems. Against this background, we assessed the possible curative effects of long-term doxycycline administration in a mouse model of chronic CS exposure. Animals were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 8 mo and then subsequently treated with doxycycline for additional 3 mo in room air conditions. Doxycycline decreased the expression of MMPs and general pro-inflammatory markers in the lungs from CS-exposed mice. This downregulation was, however, insufficient to ameliorate CS-induced emphysema or PH. Tet-On/Tet-Off induction by doxycycline in such models is a feasible genetic approach to study curative effects at least in established CS-induced emphysema and PH. However, we report several parameters that are influenced by doxycycline and use of a Tet-On/Tet-Off system when evaluating those parameters should be interpreted with caution.
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Zhang, Yaming, Chaosheng Tang, and Li Weigang. "Cooperative and Competitive Dynamics Model for Information Propagation in Online Social Networks." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/610382.
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Traditional empirical models of propagation consider individual contagion as an independent process, thus spreading in isolation manner. In this paper, we study how different contagions interact with each other as they spread through the network in order to propose an alternative dynamics model for information propagation. The proposed model is a novel combination of Lotka-Volterra cooperative model and competitive model. It is assumed that the interaction of one message on another is flexible instead of always negative. We prove that the impact of competition depends on the critical speed of the messages. By analyzing the differential equations, one or two stable equilibrium points can be found under certain conditions. Simulation results not only show the correctness of our theoretical analyses but also provide a more attractive conclusion. Different types of messages could coexist in the condition of high critical speed and intense competitive environment, or vice versa. The messages will benefit from the high critical speed when they are both competitive, and adopting a Tit-for-Tat strategy is necessary during the process of information propagation.
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Po-Chedley, Stephen, Benjamin D. Santer, Stephan Fueglistaler, Mark D. Zelinka, Philip J. Cameron-Smith, Jeffrey F. Painter, and Qiang Fu. "Natural variability contributes to model–satellite differences in tropical tropospheric warming." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (March 22, 2021): e2020962118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020962118.
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A long-standing discrepancy exists between general circulation models (GCMs) and satellite observations: The multimodel mean temperature of the midtroposphere (TMT) in the tropics warms at approximately twice the rate of observations. Using a large ensemble of simulations from a single climate model, we find that tropical TMT trends (1979–2018) vary widely and that a subset of realizations are within the range of satellite observations. Realizations with relatively small tropical TMT trends are accompanied by subdued sea-surface warming in the tropical central and eastern Pacific. Observed changes in sea-surface temperature have a similar pattern, implying that the observed tropical TMT trend has been reduced by multidecadal variability. We also assess the latest generation of GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). CMIP6 simulations with muted warming over the central and eastern Pacific also show reduced tropical tropospheric warming. We find that 13% of the model realizations have tropical TMT trends within the observed trend range. These simulations are from models with both small and large climate sensitivity values, illustrating that the magnitude of tropical tropospheric warming is not solely a function of climate sensitivity. For global averages, one-quarter of model simulations exhibit TMT trends in accord with observations. Our results indicate that even on 40-y timescales, natural climate variability is important to consider when comparing observed and simulated tropospheric warming and is sufficiently large to explain TMT trend differences between models and satellite data.
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Sudha, Thangirala, Kavitha Godugu, Noureldien H. E. Darwish, Tipu Nazeer, and Shaker A. Mousa. "Novel Polyethylene Glycol-Conjugated Triazole Derivative with High Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Affinity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Management." Cancers 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 4070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164070.
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(1) Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for up to one-third of more than 60,000 leukemia cases diagnosed annually in the U.S. Primary AML cells express membrane αvβ3 integrin, which is associated with adverse prognosis and resistance to chemotherapies. A novel anticancer compound Polyethylene glycol-conjugated bi-TriAzole Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (P-bi-TAT) interacts with high affinity (Ki 0.3 nM) and specificity with the thyrointegrin αvβ3. We evaluated P-bi-TAT activities in two different AML models representing monocytic and myelocytic forms of acute leukemia. (2) Methods and Results: The in vivo AML models were established prior to initiation of treatment protocols by grafting human leukemia cells in immunocompromised mice. IVIS imaging scans revealed that leukemic colonies were extensively established throughout the bone marrow, liver, and lung of the untreated animals. In animals treated with P-bi-TAT at daily doses ranging from 1–10 mg/kg, subcutaneously for 2–3 weeks, IVIS imaging scans revealed 95% reduction in bone marrow colonies and leukemic colonies in liver and lung. Also, the leukemic cells were not detected in bone marrow samples of P-bi-TAT-treated animals. The anti-neoplastic effect of P-bi-TAT administration on leukemic cells was associated with marked inhibition of NF-κB activity. We conclude that experimental P-bi-TAT therapy in vivo appears extraordinarily effective against the two forms of human AML models in mice. Because the P-bi-TAT molecular target, thyrointegrin αvβ3, is consistently expressed in many, if not all, clinical AML samples, P-bi-TAT-based therapy seems to have significant clinical potential in treating most AML sub-types. Hence, P-bi-TAT represents a promising targeted therapeutic agent for AML patients.