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Suhardiyah, Martha. "KOMUNIKASI NIKLAS LUHMANN DALAM MEMBANGUN KERUKUNAN ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA DI WILAYAH PERKOTAAN." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Communication 3, no. 1 (2020): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/ijic.v3i1.811.
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Religious plurality in the era of globalization is a necessity in the midst of cultural heterogeneity, religious expression and religion itself. Religious plurality has a very large potential and role in the process of integrating the development of the Indonesian nation in the future. However, on the other hand, religious plurality contains the potential for conflict and disintegration of the nation, because the dominance of the absolute truth claims of each religion so that emotions become the basis of interaction and communication. Therefore, communication becomes a pillar of religious harmony. To achieve religious harmony, this research uses a qualitative-descriptive method that puts with Niklas Luhmann theory of communication. The results obtained in this study are communication with Lumann view is a social system based on action (activity) using communication tools and attribution as a reduction of the complexity of public trust. This Luhmann style action communication is very important to be applied to the Surabaya urban community in order to create harmony between religious communities. Therefore, the inter-religious community in the urban area of Surabaya builds communication with various models, namely Interpersonal Communication, group communication, Organizational or Institutional communication and cultural communication. This communication model is seen in the daily lives of urban Surabaya communities to foster harmony between religious communities. All of these communication models are supported by mutual respect, mutual acceptance of differences and a culture of mutual cooperation.
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Thompson, Robert. "Cultural Models and Shoreline Social Conflict." Coastal Management 35, no. 2-3 (2007): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920750601042294.
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Jeftic, Marija, Slobodan Bajagic, Aleksandar Lucic, and Ljubinko Rakonjac. "Vulnerability of environmental systems of the functional urban region - detection by digital tool." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 15, no. 3 (2017): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace161101038j.
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Space, as a non-renewable category, is the most valuable resource of Istria including not only landscapes, sea, seabed and the accompanying wildlife but also very sensitive resources such as ground water, seashore and woodlands. The aim of the study was to determine whether it is possible to reduce the negative impact of development activities on space using Geography Information System digital tools (GIS). Digital GIS tools were used in the study of the pressures made by urban infrastructure and services on the environment of the given area to assess the impact of sectoral and other pressures on the selected natural and cultural systems of the coastal region of Istria County. The key concept of the research methodology includes analytical and objective identification of conflicts in the space and provides spatial models for their reduction or complete elimination. The Overlay Method is essentially a type of a spatial model which produces an overlap of different thematic contents, in this case one of the models of the environment content overlaps with a model of pressure of development activities on the selected space element. As a final result, the critical areas are designated and further guidelines and proposals for the redefinition or revision of solutions are offered. A combined digital model and an analytical approach to the study of the impact of development activities on the natural sea system proved to be suitable tools for the assessment of negative effects on the ecological systems of the study area. Ports and aquaculture areas exert the biggest negative impact on the coastal sea which is constantly under direct pressures brought about by activities occurring in the sea itself. In addition to the direct pressure in the sea, the coastline is potentially threatened by human-induced pressures from the mainland.
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Steinhoff, Patricia G., S. N. Eisenstadt, and Eyal Ben-Ari. "Japanese Models of Conflict Resolution." Monumenta Nipponica 45, no. 4 (1990): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385393.
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Wittner, Judith, and Penny Edgell Becker. "Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life." Contemporary Sociology 30, no. 5 (2001): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089339.
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Wilson, John, and Penny Edgell Becker. "Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life." Review of Religious Research 41, no. 3 (2000): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3512038.
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Cavendish, James, and Penny Edgell Becker. "Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life." Sociology of Religion 61, no. 2 (2000): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3712289.
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Barman, Emily, and Penny Edgell Becker. "Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life." Social Forces 78, no. 4 (2000): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3006195.
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Nikolić, Sanela. "Orientalism and New musicology." Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 44, no. 2 (2018): 581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.44.2.17.
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The aim of this paper is to outline the history of the concept of Orientalism in the field of New musicology and to point out that musicological discussions of Orientalism significantly changed disciplinary profile of musicology in the direction of interdisciplinary or contextual musicology. The area of Postcolonial studies has been recognized by New musicology as a possible starting point for theorizing the new issues related to the questions of music, race, ethnic and national otherness, and European colonialism. In 1991, with the publication of Ralph P. Locke’s text “Constructing the Oriental ‘Other’: Saint-Saëns’s Samson et Dalila” in Cambridge Opera Journal, the musicological research of the European professional music tradition from the aspects of postcolonial theories has been institutionalized and the concept of Orientalism has been introduced into the field of research objects of musicology. What is present as the common aspects of all musicological studies that address the issue of musical representations of the Orient are interdisciplinarity and contextuality. Contrary to the reduction of the complex Western European music practices to the idea of an autonomous work of music devoted to an aesthetic enjoyment, postcolonial musicology proposed poststructuralist analytical models of text and discourse and affirm the interest in the context of work of music. In that manner, musicology has been updated as a discipline that autocritically approaches Western European professional music practice by seeing it/ self as only one of the possible historical formations of culture/knowledge in which there are visible clusters, conflicts, and aspirations to present (Western) European capitalist patriarchal politics as a universal economic, political and cultural power.
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Wang, Junhua. "Strategies for Managing Cultural Conflict: Models Review and Their Applications in Business and Technical Communication." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 48, no. 3 (2017): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047281617696985.
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In the field of business and technical communication, scholars have called for research on dealing with cultural conflict for a long time. But the limited study on dealing with cultural conflicts, along with the current political context in the United States, calls for efforts to systematically address diversity issues and cultural conflict in our research and teaching practices. One obstacle to advance effective communication strategies on cultural conflict in business and technical communication is the lack of communication with other disciplines. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, the current article introduces the concept of cultural conflict, examines strategy models to address cultural conflict in different fields, and provides an example on how to identify a strategy model to resolve cultural conflict in business and technical communication practices. This article concludes by emphasizing that there is not a best model that can be applied to handle cultural conflict in all circumstances and calling for research on exploring and identifying effective strategy models to resolve cultural conflict in business and technical communication practices.
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Gelder, Craig Van. "Book Review: Congregations in Conflict: Cultural Models of Local Religious Life." Missiology: An International Review 29, no. 4 (2001): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960102900418.
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Arifuddin, Mannan, Said Darwis, and Sri Sundari. "Behaviour models of audit quality reduction associated with auditor’s work stress." Economic Annals-ХХI 187, no. 1-2 (2021): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v187-21.
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The current study’s main aim is to examine a behaviour model of reducing audit quality in relation to auditor work stress. The study was performed in 2020 and the cases in the current research were auditors of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK), auditors of the Development Finance Audit Board (BPKP) and public accounting firm (KAP) auditors in South Sulawesi Province. The sample numbers is determined according to the sample size needed via data investigation employing the Partial Least Square approach, using a random sampling method. The data collected by utilizing a questionnaire and questionnaire data, which can be analyzed as many as 97. The output of this study indicate: (1) the long period pressure cause increase auditor working stress; (2) the long period pressure cause the reduction of audit quality behaviour; (3) the long period conflict cause increase auditors’ working stress; (4) the high role conflict cause increasement the audit quality reduction behaviour; (5) external locus of control cause increasement auditors’ working stress; (6) external locus of control will increase audit quality reduction behaviour, and (7) high work stress cause reduction of audit quality behaviour.
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Onyemah, Vincent, Jay P. Mulki, and Martha Rivera-Pesquera. "Salesperson turnover intention: a tale of two countries." International Journal of Bank Marketing 39, no. 6 (2021): 1003–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2020-0533.
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PurposeA significant amount of research has shown that drivers of employee attitudes, and behaviors leading to outcome variables such as turnover intentions, are strongly influenced by national culture. This study focuses on the difference in relationships among some critical variables between two emerging economies with similar cultural indices.Design/methodology/approachSurvey questionnaire was used to collect responses from salespeople in two countries. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to provide support for the stated hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate that Mexican and Indian salespeople differ in how their level of trust in supervisor, regulation of emotion, interpersonal conflict and felt stress related to drive turnover intention. Findings also confirm a strong positive relationship between felt stress and turnover intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on survey responses and should be interpreted with the associated limitations of method bias. The hypothesized model of relationships among constructs was based on theory and prior research, but researchers understand that there could be other statistically equivalent models with equal fit. Moreover, stress can result from numerous other combinations of variables in addition to those used in this model. The relationships among constructs as presented could also be due to the absence of other key variables. This study looked at turnover intentions from an employee perspective using responses made when economic conditions worldwide were robust. This is not the case today because of the global pandemic. Economic conditions wield substantial influence on employee responses as well as on turnover intentions. In addition, economic downturn lowers turnover potential and heightens stress level.Practical implicationsFindings confirm a strong positive relationship between felt stress and turnover intention. Efforts to keep stress within a productive range should be encouraged, because while the direct costs of turnover can be substantial, indirect costs may be even greater. For example, when salespeople leave an organization, the customer relationships they formed and developed may be at risk, exposing their companies to potential reduction in revenue. Sales organizations that pay inadequate attention to high turnover rate among their salespeople become susceptible to a phenomenon Dudley and Goodson (1988) identified as “low sales recruiting ceiling syndrome.”Social implicationsMost of the current studies results from developing countries have been compared to those from developed countries where the theories and seminal research originated. The outcome of the authors' research lends yet another argument in favor of more comparative studies on East versus East or developing economies versus developing economies. Such effort could further delineate the applicability of “foreign” theories and inform the development of “local” theories for richer insight on local management practice. The current drive to inject diversity, equity and inclusion in the workplace should be reflected in the development of theory and the conduct of research. No one country or individual or group of individuals can claim ownership of theory development and standards for assessing theories originating elsewhere. Diversity, equity and inclusion have a place in academic research and should be encouraged. Second, the results obtained in this paper offer a cautionary note against over-generalization. Just as small details matter in life, likewise, small differences in variables that explain a phenomenon can make a big difference. Third, the findings confirm a strong positive relationship between felt stress and turnover intention. This is true for the two countries examined in this research.Originality/valueThis study seeks to understand why potential drivers of turnover intention might manifest differently in countries that have a similar cultural outlook. The current research leverages the contingency theory and zeroed in on turnover intention. In addition, two additional cultural dimensions (long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance) were incorporated, and the model was tested using salespeople (rather than plant workers).
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Moore, Debra L., and Fran H. Norris. "Empirical Investigation of the Conflict and Flexibility Models of Bisexuality." Journal of Bisexuality 5, no. 1 (2005): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j159v05n01_02.
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Ringberg, Torsten, Gaby Odekerken-Schröder, and Glenn L. Christensen. "A Cultural Models Approach to Service Recovery." Journal of Marketing 71, no. 3 (2007): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.3.194.
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Service recovery research remains conflicted in its understanding of consumers' recovery expectations and of why similar goods or service failures may lead to different recovery expectations. The authors argue that this conflict results from the assumption that consumer recovery expectations are monolithic and largely homogeneous, driven mainly by behavioral, relational, or contextual stimuli. Instead, recovery scenarios involving high-involvement (i.e., self-relevant) goods and service failures may activate closely held, identity-related cultural models that, though ultimately applied to regain balance (a foundational schema), differ according to their sociocultural heritage and create a range of unique consumer recovery preferences. The authors empirically identify three embodied cultural models—relational, oppositional, and utilitarian—that consumers apply to goods or service failures. Furthermore, the authors discuss implications for service recovery research and services marketing practice and introduce adaptive service recovery diagnostics that enable providers to identify and respond to consumers' varying recovery preferences.
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Mosimane, Alfons Wabahe, Stephen McCool, Perry Brown, and Jane Ingrebretson. "Using mental models in the analysis of human–wildlife conflict from the perspective of a social–ecological system in Namibia." Oryx 48, no. 1 (2013): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000555.
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AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts occur within the context of a complex social–ecological system influenced by a wide variety of social, economic and political forces. Management responses to human–wildlife conflict are based on certain assumptions and perceptions that form the mental models of this system. Understanding these mental models provides opportunity for various stakeholders to engage management staff based on shared components and direct attention to areas of disagreement, and involve organizations that are normally considered to be outside the domain of human–wildlife conflict. Mind mapping was used in this study to identify mental models that people hold about human–wildlife conflict in Namibia, a country that has seen rapid increases in conflict, and to describe the principal factors and variables leading to such conflict. The results indicate that mind mapping is a useful tool for uncovering mental models of conflict and can reveal significant variables in reduction of conflict such as land-use planning and livelihood enhancement.
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Yamamoto, Tamiji, Kaori Orimoto, Satoshi Asaoka, Hironori Yamamoto, and Shin-ichi Onodera. "A Conflict between the Legacy of Eutrophication and Cultural Oligotrophication in Hiroshima Bay." Oceans 2, no. 3 (2021): 546–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/oceans2030031.
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Although the water quality in Hiroshima Bay has improved due to government measures, nutrient reduction has sharply decreased fisheries production. The law was revised in 2015, where the nutrient effluents from the sewage treatment plants were relaxed, yet no increase in fishery production was observed. Herein, we investigate the distribution of C, N, S, and P within Hiroshima Bay. Material loads from land and oyster farming activity influenced the C and S distributions in the bay sediments, respectively. Natural denitrification caused N reduction in areas by the river mouths and the landlocked areas whose sediments are reductive. The P content was high in the areas under aerobic conditions, suggesting metal oxide-bound P contributes to P accumulation. However, it was low in the areas with reducing conditions, indicating P is released from the sediments when reacting with H2S. In such reductive sediments, liberated H2S also consumes dissolved oxygen causing hypoxia in the bottom layer. It was estimated that 0.28 km3 of muddy sediment and 1.8 × 105 ton of P accumulated in Hiroshima Bay. There remains conflict between the ‘Legacy of Eutrophication’ in the sediment and ‘Cultural Oligotrophication’ in the surface water due to 40 years of reduction policies.
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Шульман, Екатерина Михайловна, and Анастасия Александровна Кутузова. "THE POLITICAL REALITY OF MODERN CARTOONS: REGIME TRANSFORMATIONS AND SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 2(28) (April 20, 2021): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2021-2-81-95.
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В статье рассмотрены новые направления социально-политической трансформации современного общества и их отражение в мультипликации. Показана взаимосвязь изменения социальных норм и базовых сюжетных линий мультипликационных фильмов. Особое внимание уделяется возрастающей роли горизонтальных социальных связей и повышению ценности институтов семьи и репутации, вызванному высочайшей степенью транспарентности информационного общества. При этом ценность индивидуализма отходит на второй план, уступая место взаимопомощи для достижения общего блага. Кроме того, отмечено изменение представлений о романтической любви и отношениях поколений. Проведен анализ иллюстраций создания и разрушения авторитарных политических моделей в современных мультфильмах. Показана актуальность в мультипликационных фильмах тем борьбы с тиранией и гражданской самоорганизации. Popular culture reflects not only events, but also the nature of the modern era and problematic aspects that require the attention of the state and society. The article examines new vectors of socio-political transformation of modern society and their reflection in animation. The study of modern cartoons shows that they have replaced traditional myths and began to broadcast social norms and their transformation. Special attention is paid to the growing role of horizontal ties and the increase in the value of the family and the institution of reputation, caused by the highest degree of transparency of the modern information society. This is clearly emphasized in the plots of such cartoons as Frozen, Moana, Brave, Inside Out, Finding Nemo, and Coco. All cartoons show the hero’s rebellion, which results in an understanding of family ties’ value. In addition, the article notes a change in ideas about romantic love. At the same time, the value of individualism fades into the background, giving way to mutual assistance to achieve the common good. The article emphasizes that atomization and individualism were characteristic of human culture for a fairly short period of time. They appeared after the collapse of traditional society, urbanization and the next industrial revolution. However, later urbanization was replaced by hypeurbanization along with information transparency, which, relying on new technical means, revived many features of the traditional society. Moana’s plot demonstrates the reduction of the atomization of modern society, the negative side of the high level of individualism, which is increasingly difficult to demonstrate today due to the rapidly increasing role of social connections. The conflict of civilizations described by Huntington is not reflected in modern multiplication. Anyone who seemed to be the enemy and the embodiment of evil, upon closer examination, turns out to be either a victim in need of help, or a potential ally. In this specific, often repeated plot, it is not difficult to see the influence of postcolonialism as a direction of modern thought and public discourse. Illustrations of the formation, functioning and destruction of authoritarian political models in modern cartoons are analyzed. The relevance of the theme of the fight against tyranny in animated films is shown. Examples include Toy Story 3, A Bug’s Life and the animated series Watership Down. In the first case, the dictator imposes on society the ideology of a hostile external world, which forms the authoritarian political model’s ideological basis. Its organizational basis is represented by a repressive mechanism consisting of security, surveillance and a closed perimeter. This brings the presented model closer to totalitarian political regimes, because modern autocracies do not hinder the intention of those who disagree with leaving the country. This helps them maintain their power for as long as possible. In order to maintain this regime, a privileged caste is created, represented by the power apparatus (guards who are allowed gambling and additional consumption). In addition, the security apparatus has the right to carry out violence against all other members of society. The plot of A Bug’s Life also shows society’s struggle against tyranny, which is carried out through a combination of the direct threat of violence and propaganda. The method of intimidating the tyrant Hopper shows that he does not perceive himself as a legitimate bearer of power and recipient of resources. Internal recognition of its own illegitimacy provokes a reluctance to make concessions, reach a mutually acceptable compromise and negotiate, as the legitimate government usually does. Direct political content is also found in Watership Down. Within the framework of the narrative for children, the main attributes of the classic fascist dictatorship are politically realistic. The authors draw attention to the fact that the basis for the alternative to dictatorship is not atomization and chaotic violence, but civic organization and mutual assistance.
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Correll, Joshua, Bernadette Park, and J. Allegra Smith. "Colorblind and Multicultural Prejudice Reduction Strategies in High-Conflict Situations." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 11, no. 4 (2008): 471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430208095401.
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Wendt, Mike, Andrea Kiesel, Franziska Geringswald, Sascha Purmann, and Rico Fischer. "Attentional Adjustment to Conflict Strength." Experimental Psychology 61, no. 1 (2014): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000227.
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Current models of cognitive control assume gradual adjustment of processing selectivity to the strength of conflict evoked by distractor stimuli. Using a flanker task, we varied conflict strength by manipulating target and distractor onset. Replicating previous findings, flanker interference effects were larger on trials associated with advance presentation of the flankers compared to simultaneous presentation. Controlling for stimulus and response sequence effects by excluding trials with feature repetitions from stimulus administration (Experiment 1) or from the statistical analyses (Experiment 2), we found a reduction of the flanker interference effect after high-conflict predecessor trials (i.e., trials associated with advance presentation of the flankers) but not after low-conflict predecessor trials (i.e., trials associated with simultaneous presentation of target and flankers). This result supports the assumption of conflict-strength-dependent adjustment of visual attention. The selective adaptation effect after high-conflict trials was associated with an increase in prestimulus pupil diameter, possibly reflecting increased cognitive effort of focusing attention.
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Gallego-Toledo, Juan-Maria. "Cultural profiling and a Chinese experience." Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management 6, no. 2 (2015): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchrm-09-2015-0014.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of cultural profiling tools in predicting and identifying potential cultural pitfalls and challenges that the executive could encounter during an interaction with an individual or group from a different national culture. The initial analysis is based on the author’s experience in China. Over a two-year period and as part of the wider strategy to implement account management principles within the local sales teams across China, the strategy and sales development team (composed of two Chinese nationals lead by a Spanish/USA experienced expatriate/author) engaged senior members of the sales team through a series of workshops. Design/methodology/approach Despite the top management support and the alignment of the program with the organizational culture of the company, the coaching program had limited success. Using a past experience in China and as part of a preliminary study on cultural profiling models available to executives, professors and students exposed to global environments, the author reviewed three popular cultural models to potentially identify sources of conflict, cultural gaps and misalignments between individual culture and the national cultures. Findings The paper found that culture profiling tools could have a guiding value for executives and other individuals visiting a different culture, as it identified potential sources of conflict and pitfalls to avoid. Originality/value The paper offered a fresh look at proliferating culture profiling tools.
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Gonzales, Steven. "Conflict Resolution Movement." Journal of Bahá’í Studies 9, no. 2 (1999): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31581/jbs-9.2.278(1999).
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The study and practice of conflict resolution has become a remarkable worldwide social movement in recent years. Legislation creating conflict resolution programs--writing into law new forms of resolving conflict fundamentally different from existing models century old--has been enacted in virtually every nation in the workd in the decade since the late 1980s. What is the reason for conflict resolution's unparalleled proliferation in the comparatively slow-moving field of law, cutting across so many national, cultural, racial, ethnic, and political lines? What exactly is conflict resolution? Why do so many different disciplines lay claim to it? Where did it originate? Whar are its implications for the future of handling social conflict? The author addresses these questions in the course of providing an introduction to the field, a review of conflict resolution in history, and a survey of contemporary legislation worldwide in an appendix to the article. Analysis of the conflict resolution movement reveals that its strength results from a steady dissemination of spiritual principles designed for the forging of world unity by Baha'u'llah, the prophet-founder of the Baha'i Faith, more than a century ago.
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Michels, Jan, Stanislav N. Gorb, and Klaus Reinhardt. "Reduction of female copulatory damage by resilin represents evidence for tolerance in sexual conflict." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 104 (2015): 20141107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1107.
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Intergenomic evolutionary conflicts increase biological diversity. In sexual conflict, female defence against males is generally assumed to be resistance, which, however, often leads to trait exaggeration but not diversification. Here, we address whether tolerance, a female defence mechanism known from interspecific conflicts, exists in sexual conflict. We examined the traumatic insemination of female bed bugs via cuticle penetration by males, a textbook example of sexual conflict. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed large proportions of the soft and elastic protein resilin in the cuticle of the spermalege, the female defence organ. Reduced tissue damage and haemolymph loss were identified as adaptive female benefits from resilin. These did not arise from resistance because microindentation showed that the penetration force necessary to breach the cuticle was significantly lower at the resilin-rich spermalege than at other cuticle sites. Furthermore, a male survival analysis indicated that the spermalege did not impose antagonistic selection on males. Our findings suggest that the specific spermalege material composition evolved to tolerate the traumatic cuticle penetration. They demonstrate the importance of tolerance in sexual conflict and genitalia evolution, extend fundamental coevolution and speciation models and contribute to explaining the evolution of complexity. We propose that tolerance can drive trait diversity.
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Fidalgo-Yebra, Manuel. "TV and viewers: a constant conflict." Comunicar 13, no. 25 (2005): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c25-2005-017.
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This paper analyzes how television often disappoints the viewer, although he or she will anyway continue watching what he or she did not mean to watch. The author asserts that there is a deep lack of knowledge of the medium, whereas television is affected by prepotency, by the tendency to abuse freedom of speech, by the lack of a more profound self-conscience of the great social responsibility it entails to be a source of role models, of cultural trends. This paper reaches the conclusion that it is necessary to open a wider space for the study of mass media in the school curricula, to create Self-regulatory Boards and Audiovisual Councils to make recommendations about contents and about the sector itself, and to insist on the social responsibility of the medium. La televisión se ha convertido en un fenómeno que inquieta a la mayor parte de la sociedad. Pero inquieta y enamora, ambas cosas a la vez. La belleza de las imágenes, su ritmo trepidante, las tramas, complicadas o sencillas, pero emotivas siempre, enganchan a los telespectadores, que buscan, después de una dura jornada de trabajo o como colofón a un día complicado sentarse delante del televisor y descansar. Pero pocas veces lo consiguen, pocas veces la televisión responde a nuestras expectativas. En la mayoría de las ocasiones defrauda y en muchas nos hace ver lo que no queremos ver, asistir al espectáculo al que en condiciones normales nunca asistiríamos. Y así, defraudados, descontentos con nosotros mismos, nos volvemos contra el medio criticándolo. Tenemos razón, pero hemos perdido la congruencia en alguna medida. Y es que la televisión está llena de contradicciones. A una de ellas nos referimos en este artículo; a la contradicción de estar insatisfechos, completamente insatisfechos, pero a seguir siéndole fieles, absolutamente fieles.
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Takdir, Mohammad, M. Mushthafa, and Wahyudi Akmaliah. "Forgiveness Therapy as A Religious Conflict Resolution of Violence Conflict (Carok) in Pamekasan Madura." KARSA: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture 29, no. 1 (2021): 199–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v29i1.4419.
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This research efforts to answer the problem of conflict resolution models were used by Madurese society to resolve carok and why forgiveness can overcome carok conflict. The research tries to understand how the forgiveness stages between the parties involved in the case of carok in Madura? This research used a qualitative method to explore the power of forgiveness in the resolve of carok in Bujur Tengah Village, Batu Marmar, Pamekasan. In collecting data, the researcher used observation, interview, documentation, and triangulation techniques, while the analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This research shows that the forgiveness model becomes a conflict resolution capable of controlling anger and retaliation to achieve true reconciliation. That is because the forgiveness mechanism has extraordinary power to rebuild the relationship or restore the effects of trauma from the victim's family. The forgiveness mechanism of forgiveness in the case of carok cannot be separated from the role of Kiai to resolve the disputes of land swap overland (village treasury) between two parties. The Kiai carries out many stages to accelerate the achievement of reconciliation; namely restoring security conditions, embracing the families of carok victims, strengthening friendship to prevent counter-conflict, the tabayyun process by presenting conflicting parties, accelerating dialogue, and holding reconciliation studies.
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Mulyani, Ridha, Sufyarma Marsidin, and Ahmad Kosasih. "The Developing Conflict-Based Learning Models To Improve Students 'Critical Thinking Skills'." International Journal of Management and Humanities 5, no. 6 (2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.f1234.025621.
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This study is purposed to improve students' critical thinking skills. It is based on the reality of social life in the college or school environment, family, community, it can be seen that the low level of sensitivity, willingness, and ability of students to take part in solving various conflict problems. In daily life, students have generated attitudes and behaviors that are selforiented and become less sensitive to their social environment. In understanding conflict, the critical learning model is needed. Researchers are interested in conducting a research entitled Conflict-Based Learning Models to Improve Student's Critical Thinking Skills at the Faculty of Sharia, Imam Bonjol State Islamic University, Padang. The development of this conflictbased learning model is necessary to do because there has been no conflict-based learning model with a socio-cultural perspective to resolve agrarian conflicts recently. It is hoped that by using this model, students in analyzing and resolving agrarian conflicts will not only use legalistic-positivistic state legal instruments but also approach the rules found in local communities, so there are no prolonged conflicts anymore. This type of research is development research or what is called Research and Development (R&D) with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Conflict-based Learning Model in order to Improve Students 'Thinking Ability in this study has produced a valid, practical, and effective model because it has an impact on increasing students' critical thinking skills and learning motivation.
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Gasparyan, Seda, Astghik Chubaryan, and Ruzanna Karapetyan. "Oral and Written Academic Discourse: Models of Investigation." Armenian Folia Anglistika 7, no. 1 (8) (2011): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2011.7.1.019.
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The growth in inter-cultural relations among global academic circles and the globalization of scientific thought it entails, have led to a conflict between various cultures and languages, which is more evident at the language level. English has become a universal language of communication and serves as a tool to disseminate the results of scientific research conducted in various countries, to exchange ideas, to accept or decline hypotheses. One could suppose that English used in a given branch of science includes cultural and linguistic characteristics of scholars of various nationalities which need to be specified and investigated thereby contributing to the further development of scientific communication in the field. The present article offers two models of written and oral academic discourse.
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Fiske, Susan T. "What We Know Now About Bias and Intergroup Conflict, the Problem of the Century." Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, no. 4 (2002): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00183.
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After nearly a century's study, what do psychologists now know about intergroup bias and conflict? Most people reveal unconscious, subtle biases, which are relatively automatic, cool, indirect, ambiguous, and ambivalent. Subtle biases underlie ordinary discrimination: comfort with one's own in–group, plus exclusion and avoidance of out–groups. Such biases result from internal conflict between cultural ideals and cultural biases. A small minority of people, extremists, do harbor blatant biases that are more conscious, hot, direct, and unambiguous. Blatant biases underlie aggression, including hate crimes. Such biases result from perceived intergroup conflict over economics and values, in a world perceived to be hierarchical and dangerous. Reduction of both subtle and blatant bias results from education, economic opportunity, and constructive intergroup contact.
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Prince, Simon. "Against Ethnicity: Democracy, Equality, and the Northern Irish Conflict." Journal of British Studies 57, no. 4 (2018): 783–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.117.
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AbstractThe study of the Northern Irish Troubles is dominated by ethnic readings of conflict and violence. Drawing on new scholarship from a range of different disciplines and on fresh archival sources, this article questions these explanations. General theories that tie together ethnicity with conflict and violence are shown to be based on definitions that fail to distinguish ethnic identities from other ones. Their claims cannot be taken as being uniquely or even disproportionately associated with ethnicity. Explanatory models specifically developed for the case of modern Ireland do address that weakness. Yet, this article contends, they rest upon the fallacy that the Catholic and Protestant peoples are transhistorical entities. Political ideas, organizations, and actions cannot be reduced to fixed group identities. This article argues instead that the Troubles centered on a political conflict—one over rival visions of modern democracy. The pursuit of equality, the core value of democracy, led not only to conflicts but also to some of those conflicts becoming violent. Focusing on Belfast in the summer and autumn of 1969, this article sets out how the main political actors asserted competing claims to popular sovereignty and traces how multiple dynamic and intersecting conflicts became arrayed around the central one.
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van Weezel, Stijn. "On climate and conflict: Precipitation decline and communal conflict in Ethiopia and Kenya." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 4 (2019): 514–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319826409.
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This study exploits a sudden and abrupt decline in precipitation of the long rains season in the Horn of Africa to analyze the possible link between climate change and violent armed conflict. Following the 1998 El Niño there has been an overall reduction in precipitation levels – associated with sea-surface temperature changes in the Indian and Pacific Oceans – resulting in an increase in the number and severity of droughts. Given that the probable cause of this shift is anthropogenic forcing, it provides a unique opportunity to study the effect of climate change on society compared to statistical inference based on weather variation. Focusing on communal conflict in Ethiopia and Kenya between 1999 and 2014, exploiting cross-sectional variation across districts, the regression analysis links the precipitation decline to an additional 1.3 conflict events per district. The main estimates show that there is a negative correlation between precipitation and communal conflict with a probability of 0.90. Changing model specification to consider plausible alternative models and accommodate other identifying assumptions produces broadly similar results. The generaliziability of the link between precipitation decline and conflict breaks down when using out-of-sample cross-validation to test the external validity. A leave-one-out cross-validation exercise shows that accounting for climate contributes relatively little to improving the predictive performance of the model. This suggests that there are other more salient factors underlying communal violence in Ethiopia and Kenya. As such, in this case the link between climate and conflict should not be overstated.
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Makarenko, S. I. "INFORMATION CONFLICT BETWEEN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND A SYSTEM OF DESTABILIZING INFLUENCES Part III CONTROLLING OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN CONFLICT SITUATION." RADIO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, no. 48 (June 16, 2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33286/2075-8693-2021-48-103-116.
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In the paper is presented formalization of the controlling and connecting processes for in the conflict condition with the system of destabilizing influences. The quality of control in the organizational and technical system is matched to the stability of its communication system. It is showed match to reduce of the relevance and com-pleteness of the transmitted information in the control system with decrease of the reliability, timeliness and volume of information transmitted through the communi-cation system in condition a information conflict. A new indicator "information damage" is proposed in paper and it is shown that this indicator can estimate of the reduction of the quality of information support for controlling processes. Brief analysis of other studies that are aimed at developing generalized models of infor-mation conflict is carried out. Directions for further research are outlined.
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Zimányi, Krisztina. "Conflict recognition, prevention and resolution in mental health interpreting." Translation and the Genealogy of Conflict 11, no. 2 (2012): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.2.03zim.
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This article investigates the application of Kim’s (2001) theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation to identifying and resolving areas of conflict in mental health interpreting in Ireland and, by extension, in the wider field of community interpreting. In the context of Kim’s theoretical framework, the interpreter is the ‘stranger,’ a newcomer who undergoes a cross-cultural adaptation process in an unfamiliar environment, i.e. the host community. Potential areas of conflict in community interpreting in general and mental health interpreting in particular are examined in connection with the interrelated factors that underpin Kim’s structure and process models. It is argued that these factors also provide a framework for the mapping of conflict prevention and resolution in community interpreting. Kim’s theory is further extended to examine the complexity of potential conflict between all participants in interpreter-mediated encounters as well as possible prevention and resolution strategies.
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Hinze, Bradford E. "Dissenting Church: New Models for Conflict and Diversity in the Roman Catholic Tradition." Horizons 45, no. 1 (2018): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2018.58.
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The concept of “dissent” is of recent coinage and narrow use in Catholic theology. However, since rereadings of Catholic tradition through the lens of cultural studies have revealed its constitutive plurality, we are faced with a profound tension between a critical description of ecclesial polyphony and the normative ideals of unity and consensus. This interdisciplinary reappraisal of tradition raises far-reaching theological questions: Do we necessarily have to refer to inner-ecclesial polyphony as “dissent”? Does “dissent” silently rely on (and thus reinforce) established hierarchies of authority in the church? What could be counterhegemonic frameworks that resist entrenched power/knowledge regimes in the church? In which ways could “dissent” be reconceived to allow for a constructive approach to inner-ecclesial plurality? Once we raise questions such as these, we begin to see that Catholic theology lacks adequate models for a reflection of ecclesial polyphony in its full complexity. This roundtable addresses this lacuna: it offers critical case studies of historical and contemporary forms of “dissent” within the church, and it engages the theological and ecclesiological issues at stake.
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Nordås, Ragnhild. "Religious demography and conflict: Lessons from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana." International Area Studies Review 17, no. 2 (2014): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2233865914529118.
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Statistical models of civil war onset are often unsupportive of a link between measures of cultural demography and conflict. This study suggests that this is in part because most studies fail to account for what factors make demographic cleavages salient, such as policies of exclusion and repression against growing minorities that are threatening to incumbent regimes. A comparison of Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana is used to shed light on this process. Based on a state of the art statistical model of civil war onset, the countries had strikingly similar conflict risk in the early 2000s, but conflict only erupted only in Côte d’Ivoire in 2002. An important factor to explain this is the exclusion and repression in the Ivorian case, spurred by a perceived increase in the northern Muslim population, vs the more accommodative policy in neighboring Ghana. Implementing lessons from this study could improve future statistical models of civil war.
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Abdul Cader, Akram. "Islamic principles of conflict management." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 17, no. 3 (2017): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595817740912.
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This article explores and analyzes Islamic principles that govern conflict management within the Islamic human resource management (HRM) context and provides new insight into the theoretical development of conflict management from an Islamic HRM perspective. Current models are analyzed through Islamic principles and integrated into a comprehensive Islamic framework that can function as a guide for HRM toward developing a proactive nonlinear conflict management strategy. This study shifts the dialogue of Islamic conflict management from intervention to organizational culture. The premise of this study is to develop a model for HRM practitioners among a Muslim workforce. The proposed model suggests that conflict is referred back to Quran and Sunnah, the two primary sources of Islam. Islam mandates selection of Shura (council) and appointment of a Muslih (mediator) whose function is (1) al-tathabbut (verification) and (2) nasīhah (advice). HRM must consider proactive organizational traits based on Islamic principles: (1) ta’awun (cooperation), (2) sabr (patience), (3) al-ta’akhi (brotherhood), and (4) husn al-dhann (good assumptions).
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Vaesen, Krist, Mark Collard, Richard Cosgrove, and Wil Roebroeks. "Population size does not explain past changes in cultural complexity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 16 (2016): E2241—E2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520288113.
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Demography is increasingly being invoked to account for features of the archaeological record, such as the technological conservatism of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition, and cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania. Such explanations are commonly justified in relation to population dynamic models developed by Henrich [Henrich J (2004)Am Antiq69:197–214] and Powell et al. [Powell A, et al. (2009)Science324(5932):1298–1301], which appear to demonstrate that population size is the crucial determinant of cultural complexity. Here, we show that these models fail in two important respects. First, they only support a relationship between demography and culture in implausible conditions. Second, their predictions conflict with the available archaeological and ethnographic evidence. We conclude that new theoretical and empirical research is required to identify the factors that drove the changes in cultural complexity that are documented by the archaeological record.
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Chen, Xinying, Guanyu Li, and Yunhao Sun. "Rule Extraction Model Based on Decision Dependency Degree." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (November 29, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5850410.
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Rule extraction is the core in rough set. Two procedures are contained in rule extraction: one is attribute reduction and another is attribute value reduction. It was proved through computational complexity perspective that obtaining all the reduction, minimum attribute reduction, and minimum attribute value reduction is an NP problem. So, generally, a heuristic reduction method is used to solve attribute reduction and attribute value reduction. However, for most heuristic methods, it is hard to put into practice and has high cost on computational complexity. Moreover, part of the methods extracted redundant rules. To approach a quick and effective model for rule extraction in decision systems, against the concept of distinguishable relation, relevant concepts and basic theorems of rule extraction are proposed. In order to get concise and accurate rules quickly, algorithms for finding conflict object set, finding duplicate object set, and finding redundant rules are given. After that, using decision dependency degree as attribute importance to determine the importance of each attribute in rule object, a new rule extraction model based on decision dependency degree is proposed in this paper. Compared with the previous models, this model does not generate matrix; instead, it finds conflict object set and duplicate object set by equivalence class, and consequently, improves the time performance tomaxOCU,OC2U/C, andOREDU/C/RED2. The theoretical analysis and experimental research show that the new model more accurately and effectively reduces the redundant data and extracts more concise decision rules from dataset.
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Choi, Donghyun Danny, Mathias Poertner, and Nicholas Sambanis. "Parochialism, social norms, and discrimination against immigrants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 33 (2019): 16274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820146116.
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Ingroup bias and outgroup prejudice are pervasive features of human behavior, motivating various forms of discrimination and conflict. In an era of increased cross-border migration, these tendencies exacerbate intergroup conflict between native populations and immigrant groups, raising the question of how conflict can be overcome. We address this question through a large-scale field intervention conducted in 28 cities across three German states, designed to measure assistance provided to immigrants during everyday social interactions. This randomized trial found that cultural integration signaled through shared social norms mitigates—but does not eliminate—bias against immigrants driven by perceptions of religious differences. Our results suggest that eliminating or suppressing ascriptive (e.g., ethnic) differences is not a necessary path to conflict reduction in multicultural societies; rather, achieving a shared understanding of civic behavior can form the basis of cooperation.
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Peterson, James, Shannon Gwin Mitchell, Yan Hong, Michael Agar, and Carl Latkin. "Getting clean and harm reduction: adversarial or complementary issues for injection drug users." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, no. 4 (2006): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400012.
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Many contemporary HIV prevention interventions targeting injection drug users (IDUs) have been implemented using Harm Reduction as a theoretical framework. Among drug-using individuals, however, the abstinence-based "getting clean" models espoused by Narcotics Anonymous and other widely adopted approaches to drug treatment are often more readily accepted. This paper describes an ethnographic examination of the ideological dichotomy between Harm Reduction and abstinence-based "getting clean" treatment model which emerged during the piloting phase of an HIV prevention intervention in Baltimore City, Maryland, USA. This paper describes how the conflict was identified and what changes were made to the intervention to help resolve the participants' dichotomous thinking concerning their substance abuse issues.
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Aryee, Samuel, Dail Fields, and Vivienne Luk. "A Cross-Cultural Test of a Model of the Work-Family Interface." Journal of Management 25, no. 4 (1999): 491–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500402.
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Recent efforts to more fully understand the mechanisms through which work and family experiences and their cross-over effects influence well-being have stimulated the development of integrative models of the work-family interface. This line of research is represented by the model which Frone, Russell, and Cooper (1992) tested with a sample of U.S. employees. In the current study, we examine the cross-cultural generalizability of this model among married Hong Kong employees. Results of the analyses suggest that many of the relationships among work and family constructs are similar across the two cultures, but that the nature and effects of the cross-over between family and work domains on overall employee well-being may differ. That is, life satisfaction of Hong Kong employees is influenced primarily by work-family conflict, while that of American employees is influenced primarily by family-work conflict. Limitations of the study and implications of the findings for assisting employees integrate their work and family responsibilities as a source of competitive advantage are discussed.
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Liebovitch, Larry S., Peter T. Coleman, and Joshua Fisher. "Approaches to Understanding Sustainable Peace: Qualitative Causal Loop Diagrams and Quantitative Mathematical Models." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 2 (2019): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219859618.
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Scholarly research on peace has overwhelmingly focused on negative peace, or the absence of conflict, aggression, violence, and war. We seek to understand holistic peace systems, the political, economic, and social systems that sustain peaceful societies. We show how two methods can help us understand the properties and dynamics of such complex peace systems. Each method provides insights from different perspectives to help understand sustaining peace. The causal loop diagram helps us to identify the peace factors and the connections between them. The mathematical model helps us determine the quantitative results of the interactions between all the peace factors. Using these methods, we found that there is no single “leverage” factor that is the lynchpin in creating sustainable peace. Rather, the small effects of a large number of positive peace factors that support peace can collectively overcome the stronger emotional response to the negative conflict factors that jeopardize peace.
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Gao, Sophia, and Aaron J. Walayat. "Confucianism and Democracy: Four Models of Compatibility." Journal of Chinese Humanities 6, no. 2-3 (2021): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340098.
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Abstract In recent years, Philosophy Departments at universities in China and worldwide have experienced a renaissance in discussion on Confucian thought. As the country draws from indigenous traditions, rather than leaning completely on the importation of Western liberalism and Marxism, Confucianism has critical implications for politics, ethics, and law in modern China. At the same time, democracy never left the conversation. Democratic concepts cannot be ignored and must be disposed of, acknowledged, or incorporated. The relationship between Confucianism and democracy has been described by various authors as one of conflict, critique, compatibility, and hybridity. In this article, we examine a compatibility model, in which compatibility between Confucianism and democracy can be divided into four types: soft, hard, coexistence, and integration. We examine compatibility by examining “what is compatible” and “how compatibility can be achieved” so as to design speculative models for what a contemporary Confucian government would look like. Our focus is mainly political philosophy in order to explain the effect of cross-pollination of Confucian and democratic thought on political society.
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Yurasov, Igor А., and Maria А. Tanina. "Conflict of Identities in the Religious Semiosphere: Discourse of Ukrainian Autocephaly." Study of Religion, no. 3 (2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2019.3.80-88.
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The given study focuses on the analysis of specific mental socio-semiological phenomenon of conflict of different types of identities within the same social subject (individual, social group, ethnic group). Studying the identity, a scientist faces a whole complex of the latter. They have different effects on the formation and development of religious worldview. These identities can be defined as primary and secondary ones. Primary identities are ethnic, social; secondary socio-cultural and religious. The basis for the formation and development of the social process of Ukrainian autocephaly is the cognitive process of the conflict of ethnic, religious and religious identities. Hyperbolization of ethnic identity leads to the formation of a special phenomenon of “rural” Orthodox identity. The latter is characterized by a reduction of philosophical and theological meanings and an increase in the semantic potentials of ideological, political and mythological discourse. Rural folklore discourse makes it possible to determine the confessional identity of socio-psychological qualities of the ethnic Ukrainian mentality. The dichotomy of the Ukrainian mentality, the presence in it of Western Ukrainian and Eastern Ukrainian cognitive mental units leads to the structuring of specific “centaur ideas” (the term belongs to Zh.T. Toshchenko), which complicate the cognitive conflict of identities and becomes the basis for the development of regional traditionalism, politicization of identities, which leads to the aggravation of socio-cultural and mental conflicts and contradictions and serves as the basis of the archaization of Ukrainian society. The basic discourses serving Ukrainian autocephaly are political, ideological and mythological onesPrimary identities are ethnic, social; secondary socio-cultural and religious. The basis for the formation and development of the social process of Ukrainian autocephaly is the cognitive process of the conflict of ethnic, religious and religious identities. Hyperbolization of ethnic identity leads to the formation of a special phenomenon of “rural” Orthodox identity. The latter is characterized by a reduction of philosophical and theological meanings and an increase in the semantic potentials of ideological, political and mythological discourse. Rural folklore discourse makes it possible to determine the confessional identity of socio-psychological qualities of the ethnic Ukrainian mentality. The dichotomy of the Ukrainian mentality, the presence in it of Western Ukrainian and Eastern Ukrainian cognitive mental units leads to the structuring of specific “centaur ideas” (the term belongs to Zh.T. Toshchenko), which complicate the cognitive conflict of identities and becomes the basis for the development of regional traditionalism, politicization of identities, which leads to the aggravation of socio-cultural and mental conflicts and contradictions and serves as the basis of the archaization of Ukrainian society. The basic discourses serving Ukrainian autocephaly are political, ideological and mythological ones
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Mitra, Anindita. "Intrapersonal Conflict: The Autoimmunity in Women Entrepreneurship." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 7 (2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i7.206.
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India has created economic opportunities and provided economic liberalization to Indian women by empowering them through entrepreneurship prominently since the Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85). The male dominated society has since then seen a pronounced reduction of socio-cultural tax paid by women and a widespread improvement in women literacy, employment, financial independence and government’s entrepreneurial development schemes. Yet, the representation of women entrepreneurs in the economy especially from the urban sector is considerably low. Among the problems a woman entrepreneur encounters, a crucial challenge that hinders decision making and repels her natural success gene is her conflict with self; the intrapersonal conflict. There has not been much probe into this particular aspect that works slowly within and may eventually extinguish the urge of economic independence. Hence this theoretical study is an effort to highlight the fact that, while psychological traits such as aspiration, confidence, self-worth, self-esteem, self-actualization and internal locus of control stimulate women to dart towards economic independence, the conflict among them can also hold them back from it, creating the “autoimmune system” in the process. Reviews from various research and e-books and secondary data from Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), 6th Economic Census have been used to substantiate the facts.
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O’Sullivan, Sharon L. "Applying cultural intelligence to religious symbols in multinationals." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, no. 2 (2017): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-05-2015-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe how religious symbols might impede employees’ motivational cultural intelligence (CQ) in some international contexts, and how multinational managers might employ this knowledge to respond in a manner that mitigates risks to knowledge sharing. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses several theories (e.g. CQ, social categorization, expectancy, and contact theories) to develop a conceptual model about the nature of the risk to employees’ motivational CQ. It then draws on models of acculturation to explore how multinational corporation managers might respond. Findings It is conjectured that the salience of religious-based value conflict, learned both vicariously and through direct experiences, will adversely impact motivational CQ, and that the introduction of religious symbols may exacerbate this relationship. A framework of possible interventions is offered, and each intervention approach is evaluated in terms of how it may mitigate or exacerbate the risks raised by the model. Research limitations/implications The proposed model requires empirical validation. Practical implications Multinationals are advised how (and why) to treat the preservation of motivational CQ as central to any intervention in the conflict over religious symbols. Social implications An uninformed response to controversy over religious symbols could impede knowledge sharing and potentially exacerbate broader societal tensions (UN Global Compact, 2013). Therefore, this paper addresses a clear socio-economic need. Originality/value Controversy over the use of religious symbols in the workplace has generated considerable international media attention, but has been neglected by cross-cultural management research.
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Gao, Xinyan, Yingcai Ding, Wenbo Liu, et al. "Unified Mathematical Framework for Slicing and Symmetry Reduction over Event Structures." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/352152.
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Nonclassical slicing and symmetry reduction can act as efficient structural abstract methods for pruning state space when dealing with verification problems. In this paper, we mainly address theoretical and algorithmic aspects for nonclassical slicing and symmetry reduction over prime event structures. We propose sliced and symmetric quotient reduction models of event structures and present their corresponding algorithms. To construct the underlying foundation of the proposed methodologies, we introduce strong and weak conflict concepts and a pair of mutually inverse operators and extend permutation group based symmetry notion of event structures. We have established a unified mathematical framework for slicing and symmetry reduction, and further investigated the translation, isomorphism, and equivalence relationship and other related basic facts from a theoretical point of view. The framework may provide useful guidance and theoretical exploration for overcoming verification challenges. This paper also demonstrates their practical applications by two cases.
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Skoggard, Ian, and William Kennedy. "An Interdisciplinary Approach to Agent-Based Modeling of Conflict in Eastern Africa." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 1 (2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.1.26866282874725k4.
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Over the past four years, a team of computational social scientists at the Center for Social Complexity at George Mason University (GMU) in collaboration with anthropologists from the Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) at Yale University have been developing a multi-scale spatial agent-based model to better understand the environmental, social, and cultural dimensions of conflicts in the Rift Valley region of eastern Africa. The overall goal of the joint GMU-HRAF project is "to build and analyze innovative and interrelated computational models of asymmetric conflict with explicit sociocultural content that can advance understanding and improve policy analysis." 1 The anthropologists' contribution is to provide the "explicit sociocultural content" for the models. In this paper, we discuss the interdisciplinary collaboration in developing the agents for two models, a prototype model called "HerderLand" concerned with pastoral movement in a savanna environment and "RiftLand," a 1,600 sq km region in eastern Africa. The paper focuses on the give and take between the anthropologists and computational social scientists in developing the agents. The challenge for the anthropologists is how to apply their knowledge, both ethnographic and theoretical, in shaping a model that ultimately will help policymakers anticipate and manage conflict in eastern Africa.
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Kenney, Padraic. "Remaking the Polish Working Class: Early Stalinist Models of Labor and Leisure." Slavic Review 53, no. 1 (1994): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500323.
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The Stalinist revolution began to accelerate in Poland, as throughout eastern Europe, in 1947, with the implementation of multi-year plans, the repression of opposition and the enforcement of unity in the bloc; by the beginning of 1950, the transformation of the bloc was more or less complete. The construction of the Stalinist system did not occur in a vacuum but was shaped in part by societies, and the regimes which emerged were thus more complex than has been generally acknowledged. That complexity stems in part from Stalinist regimes’ interest in transforming society through mobilization and integration, rather than merely subduing it. Active participation in political and economic life was required; mere acquiescence to the demands of the regime was insufficient; and class conflict was to be eliminated, replaced by an alliance between the working class and its former adversaries.
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Milton, Sansom. "Higher education and sustainable development goal 16 in fragile and conflict-affected contexts." Higher Education 81, no. 1 (2020): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00617-z.
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AbstractSustainable Development Goal 16 commits to ‘promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels’. While the concerns of SDG16 with violence reduction, rule of law, and governance are relevant to all societies, this paper focuses on fragile and conflict-affected countries, many of which have the hardest task in achieving SDG16. It analyses how higher education can contribute towards—or detract from—SDG16 through teaching, research, governance, and external leadership. It then analyses four dynamics influencing the agency of universities in fragile and conflict-affected contexts in engaging with SDG16: resource mobilisation and the public good; securitisation; academic freedom, insecurity, and politicisation; and tensions between demands for localisation and the universalising logics of liberal peacebuilding models and the SDGs.
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Bregar, Andrej. "Towards a Framework for the Measurement and Reduction of User-Perceivable Complexity of Group Decision-Making Methods." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 6, no. 2 (2014): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2014040102.
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Methods for group decision analysis are based on various preference and aggregation models, and may exhibit a significant level of complexity that is perceived by decision-makers. It is therefore essential to apply appropriate methods and keep the complexity within controllable limits. In the paper, factors that influence the user-perceivable complexity are systematically specified, correlated and decomposed into measurable units. They address cognitive load, asynchronous interaction, autonomous guidance and conflict resolution, thoroughness and depth of analysis, problem structuring, efficiency of judgements, imprecision, psychophysical applicability, etc. In addition, several mechanisms and techniques to reduce complexity are presented, evaluated and systematized in accordance with the factors of the framework.