Academic literature on the topic 'Models of controlled development'

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Journal articles on the topic "Models of controlled development"

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Glushkov, Alexandr, and Vladimir Shepelev. "Development of Reliable Models of Signal-Controlled Intersections." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 22, no. 4 (2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2021-0032.

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Abstract The paper considers an approach to building various mathematical models for homogeneous groups of intersections manifested through the use of clustering methods. This is because of a significant spread in their traffic capacity, as well as the influence of several random factors. The initial data on the traffic flow of many intersections was obtained from real-time recorders of the convolutional neural network. As a result of the analysis, we revealed statistically significant differences between the groups of intersections and compiled their linear regression models as a basis for the subsequent formation of generic management decisions. To demonstrate visually the influence of random factors on the traffic capacity of intersections, we built distribution fields based on the fuzzy logic methods for one of the clusters consisting of 14 homogeneous intersections. Modeling was based on the Gaussian type of membership functions as it most fully reflects the random nature of the pedestrian flow and its discontinuity.
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Ngambia, Audrey, Ondřej Mašek, and Valentina Erastova. "Development of biochar molecular models with controlled porosity." Biomass and Bioenergy 184 (May 2024): 107199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107199.

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Parkash, Vivak, Paul M. Kaye, Alison M. Layton, and Charles J. Lacey. "Vaccines against leishmaniasis: using controlled human infection models to accelerate development." Expert Review of Vaccines 20, no. 11 (2021): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1991795.

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Laugwitz, Marvin, Simon Seuren, Martin Jochum, Stephan Hojda, Johannes Lohmar, and Gerhard Hirt. "Development of levelling strategies for heavy plates via controlled FE models." Procedia Engineering 207 (2017): 1349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.895.

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Lozoya-Agullo, Isabel, Isabel González-Álvarez, Matilde Merino-Sanjuán, Marival Bermejo, and Marta González-Álvarez. "Preclinical models for colonic absorption, application to controlled release formulation development." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 130 (September 2018): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.008.

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Fafchamps, M. "Randomised Controlled Trials or Structural Models (or Both... or Neither ...)?" Journal of African Economies 20, no. 4 (2011): 596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejr032.

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RYBALEV, ANDREY NIKOLAEVICH, MIKHAIL ALEXANDROVICH ALEKO, and TATIANA ALEXANDROVNA DOROFEEVA. "MOTION VISUALIZATION IN SIMULATION MODELS OF AUTOMATED CONTROL SYSTEMS." Messenger AmSU, no. 93 (2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/jasu.93.19.

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Amadi, Kingsley, and Ibiye Iyalla. "Development of Drilling Optimization Models for Autonomous Rotary Drilling Systems." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. VII (2024): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1107026.

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The growing global energy demand and strict environmental policies, motivates the use of technology and performance improvement techniques in drilling operations. In the traditional drilling method, parameter optimization depends on the effectiveness of human-driller. Although existing work has identified the significance of upscaling from manual drilling to autonomous drilling system, but little has been done to support this transition. This work presents optimization models for an autonomous rotary drilling system, controlled by a self-tuning, multivariant controller that uses machine learning optimization strategy. The method determines the drilling medium from real-time measurement by estimating the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) from the latest data uploaded via the mud pulse telemetry (MPT) and adjust optimal setpoint based on model output. In the study, four machine learning algorithms were used to predict UCS including artificial neutral network (ANN), Category boast (CB), Support vector machine (SVR) and Randon Forest. Whilst Physics based empirical models with ANN were used to predict the drill rate. Results showed that machine learning (ML) application improves the prediction quality of drill rate and UCS with ANN and Catboast as best ML predictors. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95 ROP prediction and (R2) for test dataset of 0.77 and 070 for UCS prediction using ANN and Catboast respectively. The Q-learning algorithm which uses the value function to search for optimal operating parameter at different Lithologies through dynamic programming, returns decisions for optimal drill rate at respective drilling states consequently improving the efficiency of rotary drilling process in terms of cost and time
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Lawrence O Agidike, Godslove I Ebiega, Ovis D Irefu, and Seyi J Fanifosi. "Development of a PID-Controlled Refrigeration System for Reduced Power Consumption." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 1 (2024): 2435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.1.3143.

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Refrigerator systems are used for food preservation as well as other applications. However, the cost of running the system is high due to rising fuel and electricity prices. Traditionally, these systems are controlled by On/Off controllers. This study proposes the use of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller algorithm to reduce costs for domestic and industrial refrigeration without negatively affecting the system performance. To accomplish this, a physical model was developed, comprising a domestic refrigerator, microcontroller, and MATLAB computer software for analysis. A mathematical model of second-order lead and second-order lag transfer function was also developed for a typical refrigerator system. The physical model was connected, and open-loop temperature-time response data was collected for system modeling. In addition, Data were collected from industries namely Fan Milk Industry and Benue State University Teaching Hospital Mortuary for a robust system analysis. All data sets were imported into MATLAB's system identification toolbox to estimate model parameters. The ultimate gains, frequency, and period were determined for each feedback closed-loop model, allowing the application of Ziegler-Nichols and Tyreus-Luyben PID tuning settings. The closed-loop models were then simulated in MATLAB to evaluate system performance. Simulation results showed that the Tyreus-Luyben model performed better, and offered better temperature response, less undershoot, and faster settling time than the Zeigler-Nichols method. Both PID models outperformed the traditional On/Off controller, with energy consumption reduced to less than one-third of the conventional method. The study concludes that PID controllers are a better alternative to On/Off systems when properly tuned.
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Gribanova, Ekaterina, Artur Mitsel, and Alexandr Shilnikov. "Development of spreadsheet simulation models of gas cylinders inventory management." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002266.

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The solution of the problem of managing the inventory of an enterprise whose activities are related to the purchase and sale of gas cylinders is considered. To solve the problem, it was necessary to investigate and choose the best inventory management strategy that provides the minimum value of the average inventory balance in the warehouse with the established upper limit of the average deficit. The problem of determining the best strategy is presented as a discrete programming problem, the required variables of which depend on the replenishment method. With a periodic replenishment strategy, the controlled variables are the volume of the delivery line and the delivery interval, with a threshold one, the minimum inventory level and the volume of the delivery line. Let’s also consider replenishment with a predicted inventory level, where the delivery level and the minimum inventory level are used as control variables. Three tabular simulation models with a given delivery time and random demand are proposed. Using the Chi-square test, it was found that the quantity demanded has a normal distribution law. By carrying out computational experiments, the optimal values of controlled variables were determined. The best objective function values were obtained using a model with a predicted inventory level and a threshold replenishment strategy. Experiments conducted on the basis of historical data have shown the advantage of the two model strategies compared to the strategy currently used in the enterprise. The use of a model with a predictable inventory level would reduce the average inventory balance by 46 %, and, consequently, save working capital. The results of the study can be useful for managers of enterprises whose activities are related to inventory management
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Models of controlled development"

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McLellan, Bradley John. "Development of an Intraruminal Controlled-Release Device." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2527.

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Slow-release devices retained in the rumen, are a simple method for continuous administration of bioactives to ruminant animals. To satisfy regulatory requirements and avoid waste of bioactive due to under- or over-dosing, it is advantageous to have a constant and predictable release rate. Existing intraruminal controlled-release technologies cannot easily be adapted for different bioactives or rates of release and can be influenced by the variable physiological environment in the rumen. Some existing commercial products use the pressure generated by a hydrogen gas-producing cell to extrude fluids from a syringe-like device. This technology may provide advantages for ruminal controlled-release as the gas production rate is unaffected by environment in the rumen and can be easily adjusted using electrical resistance applied to the gas cell. This technology was adapted for use in the rumen in these studies. Initial experiments identified the need for greater understanding of the rate that hydrogen is produced by the gas cell and the rate that gas diffuses through the barrel walls. Gas production rate was found to be inversely proportional to the resistance applied to the gas-producing cell. Factors affecting gas diffusion rate from the device were studied and a polymer was identified that reduced hydrogen diffusion to 5% of that for the initial components used. A relationship was developed to predict the release profile of a device. Controlled-release devices were constructed from selected materials. They released blank formulation at in vitro at a constant rate, which was within experimental variation of predicted values. Release rates from the devices used in vivo were slightly higher than predicted. The presence of rumen gases inside in vivo devices suggested that the difference may be due to inward diffusion of these gases; these may be eliminated by further study of barrel materials. Recommendations on the redesign of this technology for use as a generic intraruminal delivery system are given.
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Gallagher, Michael James. "Development of telemetry for the agility flight test of a radio controlled fighter model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23639.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Advanced design tools, control devices, and supermaneuverability concepts provide innovative solutions to traditional aircraft design trade-offs. Emerging technologies enable improved agility throughout the performance envelope. Unmanned Air Vehicles provide an excellent platform for dynamic measurements and agility research. A 1/8-scaled F-16A ducted-fan radio-controlled aircraft was instrumented with a telemetry system to acquire angle of attack, sideslip angle, control surface deflection, throttle position, and airspeed data. A portable ground station was built to record and visually present real-time telemetry data. Flight tests will be conducted to acquire baseline high angle-of-attack performance measurements, and follow-on research will evaluate agility improvements with varied control configurations.
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Sowden, Michelle. "Individual differences in response to patient controlled analgesia : development and evaluation of a feedback model." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308550.

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Whitaker, Shree Yvonne. "A Biologically-Based Controlled Growth and Differentiation Model Using Delay Differential Equations: Development, Applications and Stability Analysis." NCSU, 2000. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20001120-152601.

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<p>This work investigates the development, applications and stability analysis of a biologically-based dose-response model for developmental toxicology. The biologically-based controlled growth and differentiation model is based on a model originally developed by Leroux et al. (1996). The original model had two basic states; precursor cells and differentiated cells with both states subject to a linear birth-death process. The research discussed in this dissertation describes the development of a mathematical model that is both biologically- and statistically-based. The model is developed with a highly controlled birth and death process for precursor cells. This model limits the number of replications allowed in the development of a tissue or organ and more closely reflects the presence of a true stem cell population. The mathematical formulation of the Leroux et al. (1996) model was derived from a partial differential equation for the generating function that limits further expansion into more realistic models of mammalian development. The same formulae for the probability of a defect (a system of ordinary differential equations) can be derived through the Kolmogorov forward equations due to the nature of this Markov process. This modified approach is easily amenable to the expansion of more complicated models of the developmental process. Comparisons between the Leroux et al. (1996) model and the controlled growth and differentiation (CGD) model are also discussed.The versatility of the CGD model is highlighted through a discussion of two general applications. The normal developmental process of spermatocytogenesis is investigated as the first application. Time delays are introduced into the system to more accurately mimic the development of male germ cells. As the second application, the spermatocytogenesis model is then altered to demonstrate a modeling strategy for hormesis. Asymptotic stability is investigated using the system of delay differential equations for spermatocytogenesis. The direct Lyapunov method for linear differential equations without delay is modified to establish delay-dependent stability conditions for delay differential equations with multiple delays. The stability conditions are expressed in terms of the existence of a positive definite solution to the Riccati matrix equations. Numerical simulations further verify the stability conditions.<P>
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Levet, Vincent. "Development and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Cisplatin Dry Powders for Inhalation against Lung Tumours." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/249264/4/TOC.pdf.

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Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the world, with a global 5-year survival rate of about 15%. Despite a notable impact of the latest improvements in prevention, screening, detection and staging, the efficacy of conventional treatments is not sufficient and has reached a therapeutic plateau. These conventional treatments involve a combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). CT is used in almost all stages: in operable and inoperable stages to limit tumour cell invasion and in latest stages as a palliative treatment. Cisplatin is one of the most frequently used and most potent drugs available. It is administered by parenteral route at doses limited by its high and cumulative nephrotoxicity but also by other systemic toxicities (e.g. ototoxicity). Its administration therefore requires many precautions (long hydration procedure, surveillance of the renal function), which mobilize medical personnel. A major limitation of parental CT is the low concentration of drug that successfully reaches the tumour or the metastases. A potential additional modality could be aerosolized CT to localize lung cancer treatment. It has shown a relative local tolerance for cisplatin through preclinical and clinical studies in humans by means of nebulized solutions or liposomal formulations. As a local treatment, aerosolized CT has a clear pharmacokinetic (PK) advantage, as it can increase local exposure while decreasing systemic exposure. However, because CT drugs, such as cisplatin, are active at rather high doses (in the mg range), the duration of administration from nebulizers is very long as it depends on the drug solubility or on drug encapsulation into liposomes. They also pose a high risk of environmental contamination and require HEPA-filtrated hoods during the nebulization procedure. Of all the inhalation devices available to deliver high drug doses, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) were chosen in this work. These were chosen to circumvent the above issues by providing higher deposited doses, in very short timeframes, using a patient-driven device that could help limit environmental exposure to only very low levels of drug. DPI in general also have the advantage of being applicable to both poorly-water-soluble and to water-soluble anticancer drugs. However, because direct deposition of high quantities of anticancer drugs to the lung parenchyma could pose a high risk of local irritation and pulmonary adverse effects, controlled release (CR) of cisplatin from deposited particles in the lung parenchyma was needed. However, in the lungs, foreign undissolved particles are rapidly eliminated by means of naturally occurring clearance mechanisms, in particular macrophage uptake in the alveoli. Therefore, formulation strategies able to limit the particles clearance are needed to assure high lung residence of these CR particles. The formulation strategy of this work was to develop DPI formulation based on solid-lipid microparticles (SLM) able to (i) be deposited into the lung, (ii) control the release of cisplatin and (iii) escape macrophage uptake in order to remain in the lung long enough and at a concentration able to optimize the therapeutic index (i.e. increase the potential therapeutic effect and decrease the potential side effects).The primary objectives of the SLM-based DPI formulations were to (i) exhibit aerodynamic properties compatible with lung cancer patients abilities and cisplatin requirements (e.g. a high deposited fraction, high deagglomeration abilities under low airflow within a low-resistance DPI, deposition in the mg range), (ii) provide a CR matrix for cisplatin in vitro, (iii) be able to be retained into the lung long enough in vivo, (iv) using scalable production techniques and (v) using only potentially well-tolerated excipients.Cisplatin was initially reduced to microcrystals under high-pressure homogenization (HPH) cycles up to 20 000 psi. This procedure permitted uncoated particles with mean diameters below 1.0 μm to be obtained. To assess the cisplatin release abilities of the DPI formulations on the deposited fraction only, a new dissolution test was adapted. This test used a classical paddle apparatus from the pharmacopoeia and a Fast Screening Impactor (FSI). An excipient-free formulation, obtained from the spray dried suspension of cisplatin microcrystals (100% cisplatin) was initially produced. It was compared to a 95:5 cisplatin/tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) formulation, which exhibited a higher deposition ability (fine particle fraction (FPF) of 24.2 vs. 51.5% of the nominal dose, respectively). Both exhibited immediate release (IR), with 90% dissolved under 10 minutes.Solid lipid microparticle (SLM)-based formulations were then produced using the cisplatin microcrystalline suspension and various lipid excipients. Those had previously been screened for their ability to be spray dried following their solubilisation in heated isopropanol. The addition of a triglyceride, tristearin (TS), as the main lipid component and if necessary a polyethylene glycol (PEG) excipient-comprising fraction with TPGS or distearoyl phosphoethanolamine polyethylene glycol 2000 (DSPE-mPEG-2000) as a surface modifier, provided spray dried particles with interesting characteristics. These formulations, comprised of at least 50% cisplatin, exhibited high CR abilities in simulated lung fluid at 37°C for more than 24 h (as low as 56% released after 24 h) and a low burst-effect (as low as 24% and 16% after 10 minutes with and without PEGylated excipients, respectively). They also showed high aerodynamic properties, with a high FPF ranging from 37.3 to 50.3% w/w of the nominal dose and a low median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) between 2.0 and 2.4 μm. The process also offered high production yields (> 60%).The best IR DPI formulation (evaluated on the FPF, i.e. cisplatin/TPGS 95:5) and the most promising CR formulations without (i.e. cisplatin/TS 50:50) and with PEGylated excipients (evaluated on CR abilities, i.e. cisplatin/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5) were then administered to CD 1 mice, concurrently to endotracheal nebulization (EN) of a cisplatin solution. This was done using specific endotracheal devices, the Penn-Century Inc. DP-4M© Dry Powder Insufflatorn and for the cisplatin solution, the Microsprayer™ IA-1C©. They were compared to intravenous (IV) injection during a PK study over 48 hours. The administration of DPI formulations required the development of a spray dried diluent (Mannitol:Leucine 10:1) and specific dilution method (3D mixing for 4 hours and double-sieving) to be able to deliver precise and repeatable quantities of powder into the lungs of mice at 1.25 mg/kg dose. A PK study was carried out of the lungs, blood, kidneys, liver, mediastinum and spleen of the mice. The study used a developed and validated electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) method. Results showed that endotracheal administration of DPI formulations permitted the exposure of the lungs to cisplatin, expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) to be greatly increased while decreasing the systemic exposure. More precisely, the only formulation that exhibited prolonged lung retention was the one comprising PEGylated excipient (cisplatin/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5), which was observed for ~7 hours. This lung retention was associated with smoother concentration vs. time profiles in blood (higher tmax and lower Cmax), which also confirmed its CR abilities in vivo as dissolved cisplatin is a highly permeable drug. The overall exposure, established by the AUC, helped calculate the target efficiency (Te: the ratio of AUC in the lungs to the sum of AUC in non-target organs) and the target advantage (Ta: ratio of AUC in the lungs by the tested route to the AUC in the lungs by the IV route). For instance, the Ta of the aforementioned formulation (cisplatin/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5) was of 10.9, as compared to 1 for IV, 3.3 for EN, 2.6 for the IR DPI formulation (cisplatin/TPGS 95:5) and 3.7 for the non-PEGylated CR DPI formulation (cisplatin/TS 50:50). In the meantime, the Te for the same formulations were 1.6, 0.09, 1.1, 0.4 and 0.9, respectively, showing again the great efficiency of the inhaled route vs. the IV route in targeting the lungs. More importantly, it showed the added efficiency of the CR DPI formulation with lung retention abilities, provided by the addition of PEGylated excipients. In the last part of the work, maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of formulations were established. These showed that the best candidate, selected based on the PK results (CR DPI with lung retention abilities composed of cisplatin/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5) had better overall tolerance than IR approaches (DPI formulation at cisplatin/TPGS 95:5 and EN of a cisplatin solution). More precisely, it was possible to double the administered dosage for the CR formulation (1.0 mg/kg) vs. the IR DPI and EN (both at 0.5 mg/kg) under a repeated administration scheme (3 times a week for 2 weeks).Moreover, an assessment of the lung tolerance of this best candidate was realized and compared to the IR DPI, EN and the IV route. It was done through analysis of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 hours following a single administration at the pre-determined MTD. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines were not increased following the administrations. No evidence of tissue damage or cytotoxicity could be observed through quantification of the protein content and of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The only observations were a decrease in total cells and an increase in polynuclear neutrophils (PN) cells in the BALF, which was not observed by IV or following the administration of the vehicle of the CR formulation alone (i.e. PEGylated SLM and dry diluent). This increase was not directly linked to the formulation but rather to cisplatin, as it was observed in each cisplatin inhalation experiments, and not with the vehicle of the CR formulation, which was comparable to the non-treated mice.In parallel, we realized a survival study following the administration of the best DPI formulation candidate (cisplatin/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5) vs. the IR DPI candidate (cisplatin/TPGS 95:5), both at their respective MTD under the aforementioned repeated dosing scheme. Cisplatin was administered to mice bearing a grafted orthotopic M109-HiFR lung tumour model, previously developed in the laboratory. The DPI formulations were evaluated against IV administration at each dose (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively). This study first confirmed the lower toxicity of the CR approach, as the IR DPI formulation caused a much higher number of deaths during treatment of the grafted mice. The CR formulation administered at 1.0 mg/kg showed a higher survival than the negative control but a tumour response comparable to IV administered at half this dose (0.5 mg/kg). This unexpected outcome with regard to the PK results is explained by the fact that the tumour model is highly metastatic. Mice treated with inhaled formulations died due to distant tumour involvement, while those treated systemically died due to pulmonary tumour involvement. This led us to believe that this kind of treatment may have greater potential in combination, adjuvant to the parenteral route.This work helped establish the proof-of-concept of a cisplatin CR DPI formulation with an up-scalable process. The SLM approach confirmed that encapsulation of drugs exhibiting low solubility, such as cisplatin, was possible using highly hydrophobic excipients and that surface modification was mandatory to provide notable lung retention in vivo. The SLM approach showed good signs of tolerance during the exploratory study but still needs to be confirmed under a chronic scheme using other determinants such as histopathological analyses of the lung tissue. Moreover, comparison of the nephrotoxicity of formulations against that of the IV route should be conducted with appropriate and sensitive methods. Finally, the survival study of the CR DPI formulation showed mitigated results, partly because of the orthotopic model characteristics. This could be proof that inhaled CT has a role to play combined with classical systemic CT. This needs to be assessed in a further study.Le cancer du poumon est le cancer ayant le taux de mortalité le plus élevé au monde, avec un taux de survie global à 5 ans d'environ 15%. Malgré un impact notable des dernières améliorations en matière de prévention, de dépistage, et de classification du cancer du poumon, l'efficacité des traitements classiques n'est toujours pas suffisante et semble avoir atteint un plateau thérapeutique. Ces traitements classiques comprennent de la chirurgie, de la radiothérapie et de la chimiothérapie, le plus souvent en combinaison. La chimiothérapie est utilisée à presque tous les stades: dans les stades opérables et inopérables afin de limiter l'invasion par les cellules tumorales jusqu’aux derniers stades en tant que traitement palliatif. Le cisplatine est l'un des médicaments anticancéreux les plus fréquemment utilisés et les plus puissants actuellement disponibles. Il est administré par voie parentérale à des doses qui sont limitées par sa néphrotoxicité élevée et cumulative mais également par d'autres toxicités systémiques (par exemple, de l'ototoxicité). Son administration nécessite donc de nombreuses précautions (longue procédure d'hydratation, surveillance de la fonction rénale), ce qui mobilise fortement le personnel médical. Une limitation importante de la chimiothérapie parentérale est la faible concentration d’actif qui atteint avec succès la tumeur ou les métastases. Une autre voie d’accès potentielle pourrait être la chimiothérapie inhalée pour traiter le cancer du poumon. Cette approche a montré une relativement bonne tolérance locale pour le cisplatine à travers différentes études précliniques et cliniques chez l'homme au moyen de solutions ou de formulations liposomales nébulisées. En tant que traitement via la voie pulmonaire, la chimiothérapie inhalée présente un avantage pharmacocinétique évident, car elle permet d’augmenter l'exposition locale tout en diminuant l'exposition systémique. Cependant, du fait que les médicaments chimiothérapeutiques, tels que le cisplatine, soient actifs à des doses relativement élevées (dans la gamme du mg), la durée d'administration à partir des nébuliseurs s’avère en pratique très longue car elle dépend principalement de la solubilité de l’actif ou de son encapsulation dans les liposomes. Les nébuliseurs présentent également un risque élevé de contamination de l'environnement et nécessitent de lourds appareillages (hottes filtrantes en particulier) pendant la procédure d’administration.Parmi tous les dispositifs d'inhalation existants, capables de délivrer des doses élevées de médicaments, les inhalateurs de poudre sèche (DPI) semblent être de bons candidats. Ceux-ci ont été choisis dans ce travail afin de contourner les problèmes énumérés ci-dessus, en fournissant des doses pulmonaires plus élevées, dans des délais très courts. De plus, ces dispositifs sont activés par le flux inspiratoire du patient, ce qui pourrait aider à limiter l'exposition environnementale à des niveaux très faibles. Les inhalateurs à poudre sèche présentent également l'avantage d'être utilisables à la fois avec des médicaments solubles et des médicaments peu solubles dans l’eau. Malgré tout, étant donné que la déposition directe de quantités élevées de médicaments chimiothérapeutiques dans le parenchyme pulmonaire pourrait présenter un risque élevé d'irritation et d'effets indésirables locaux, une libération contrôlée du cisplatine à partir de particules déposées dans le parenchyme pulmonaire s’avère nécessaire. Cependant, dans les poumons, ces particules non dissoutes d’origine étrangère sont rapidement éliminées par les mécanismes d’élimination, en particulier par la clairance par les macrophages au niveau des alvéoles. Par conséquent, des stratégies de formulation capables de limiter la clairance des particules sont nécessaires pour assurer une résidence pulmonaire élevée de ces particules à libération contrôlée.La stratégie de formulation de ce travail a donc consisté à développer une formulation pour inhalateur à poudre sèche à base de microparticules lipidiques solides capable de (i) être déposées dans le poumon, (ii) de contrôler la libération du cisplatine et (iii) de rester dans le poumon suffisamment longtemps dans le but d’optimiser l'indice thérapeutique (c'est-à-dire augmenter le potentiel thérapeutique du cisplatine et diminuer ses potentiels effets secondaires).Les objectifs principaux des formulations basées sur les microparticules lipidiques solides étaient (i) de présenter des hautes charges en cisplatine au sein des microparticules lipidiques tout en présentant des propriétés aérodynamiques compatibles avec la capacité pulmonaire des patients atteints de cancer du poumon (par exemple, une fraction déposée élevée et une capacité élevée à la désagglomération sous faible débit d'air dans un inhalateur de faible résistance), (ii) de fournir une matrice capable de libérer le cisplatine de manière contrôlée in vitro, (iii) d’être capable de rester dans le poumon suffisamment longtemps in vivo, tout cela (iv) en utilisant des techniques de production ayant une bonne capacité d’augmentation d’échelle et (v) de n’utiliser que des excipients potentiellement bien tolérés au niveau du poumon.Le cisplatine a été initialement réduit sous forme microcristalline à l’aide de cycles d'homogénéisation à haute pression jusqu'à 20 000 psi. Cette procédure a permis d'obtenir des particules non enrobées ayant un diamètre moyen inférieur à 1.0 μm. Afin d’évaluer les capacités de libération du cisplatine des formulations à partir de la fraction capable théoriquement de se déposer dans les poumons, un nouveau test de dissolution a été adapté à partir d’un appareil à palettes classique de la pharmacopée et d’un impacteur à cascade « Fast Screening Impactor ». Une formulation sans excipient, obtenue à partir de la suspension de cisplatine, soumise à la technique de séchage par l’atomisation (100% de cisplatine) a été produite comme point de départ. Celle-ci a ensuite été comparée à une formulation de cisplatine/tocophéryl polyéthylène glycol succinate (TPGS) (95:5), qui présentait une capacité de déposition pulmonaire in vitro (fraction de particules fines (FPF) de 24.2% pour la première et de 51.5% pour la deuxième, exprimée par rapport à la dose nominale). Toutes deux ont démontré des capacités de libération immédiate, avec 90% du cisplatin dissous en moins de 10 minutes.D’autres formulations, cette fois élaborées sous la forme de microparticules lipidiques solides ont ensuite été produites à partir de la suspension microcristalline de cisplatine et de divers excipients lipidiques. Ces microparticules avaient préalablement été testées pour leur aptitude à être séchées par atomisation après solubilisation des excipients dans de l'isopropanol chaud. L’ajout d’un triglycéride, la tristéarine (TS), comme excipient lipidique principal et également d’une fraction comprenant un excipient contenant du polyéthylène glycol (PEG), à l’aide de TPGS ou de distéaroyl phosphoéthanolamine polyéthylène glycol 2000 (DSPE-mPEG-2000) a montré des résultats intéressants. Ces formulations, ayant une teneur en cisplatine d’au moins 50%, ont présenté des aptitudes élevées pour la libération contrôlée dans le fluide pulmonaire simulé in vitro à 37 °C, et ce, pendant plus de 24 h (jusqu'à 56% libérées après 24 h) ainsi qu’un faible « burst-effect » (de seulement 24% et 16% après 10 minutes avec et sans excipients PEGylés, respectivement). Elles ont également montré des propriétés aérodynamiques élevées, avec une FPF élevée allant de 37.3 à 50.3% m/m par rapport à la dose nominale et un diamètre aérodynamique compris entre 2.0 et 2.4 μm. Le meilleur candidat à libération immédiate (évaluée sur base de la FPF, soit la formulation cisplatine/TPGS 95:5 m/m) et les formulations à libération contrôlée les plus prometteuses n’incluant pas d’excipients PEGylés (cisplatine/TS 50:50 m/m) et incluant des excipients PEGylés (évalués sur les capacités de libération contrôlée, c'est-à-dire la formulation cisplatin/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5 m/m/m) ont ensuite été administrées à des souris CD-1, en comparaison d’une nébulisation endotrachéale d'une solution de cisplatine. Ceci a été fait à l’aide de dispositifs endotrachéaux dédiés aux poudres pour le DP-4M© « Dry Powder Insufflator » et aux solutions pour le Microsprayer™ IA-1C© de Penn-Century. Ces formulations ont été comparées à l'injection intraveineuse (IV) au cours d’une étude pharmacocinétique étendue sur 48 heures.L'administration de formulations de poudres sèches pour inhalation a nécessité le développement préalable d'un diluant par atomisation (Mannitol:Leucine 10:1 m/m) ainsi que d’une méthode de dilution des poudres (mélange tridimensionnel pendant 4 heures et suivi d’un double-tamisage) afin de pouvoir délivrer des quantités précises et répétables de poudre dans les poumons de souris à la dose d’1.25 mg/kg. Le suivi des paramètres pharmacocinétiques a ainsi pu être réalisé au niveau des poumons, du sang, des reins, du foie, du médiastin et de la rate des souris. Ceci a été fait à l’aide d’une méthode de spectrométrie d'absorption atomique électrothermique, qui a été préalablement développée et validée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que l'administration endotrachéale de formulations de poudres sèches permettait d’augmenter fortement l'exposition des poumons par le cisplatine, exprimée en aire sous la courbe (AUC) tout en diminuant l'exposition systémique. Plus précisément, la seule formulation présentant une rétention pulmonaire prolongée était celle qui comprenait un excipient PEGylé (cisplatine/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5 m/m/m), ce qui a été observé pendant environ 7 heures. Cette rétention pulmonaire a été associée à des profils de concentration en fonction du temps plus réguliers dans le sang (tmax supérieur et Cmax inférieur), ce qui a également confirmé ses capacités de libération contrôlée in vivo car la perméabilité de l’épithélium pulmonaire pour le cisplatine dissous s’est avérée très élevée. L'exposition globale établie à partir de l’AUC a permis de calculer l’efficacité de ciblage (Te: rapport de l'AUC mesurée dans les poumons et de la somme des AUC mesurées dans les organes non cibles) et l’avantage du ciblage (Ta: rapport de l’AUC mesuré dans les poumons suite à l’administration pulmonaire et de l'AUC mesurée dans les poumons suite à l’administration par la voie IV). Par exemple, le Ta de la formulation décrite ci-dessus (cisplatine/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5 m/m/m) était de 10.9, comparativement à 1 pour l’IV, 3.3 pour la nébulisation endotrachéale, 2.6 pour la formulation de poudre sèche à libération immédiate (cisplatine/TPGS 95:5 w/w) et 3.7 pour la formulation de poudre sèche à libération contrôlée ne comprenant pas d’excipient PEGylé (cisplatine/TS 50:50). Dans le même temps, le Te mesuré pour les mêmes formulations était de 1.6, 0.09, 1.1, 0.4 et 0.9, respectivement, démontrant également le rendement élevé de la voie inhalée par rapport à la voie IV dans sa capacité à cibler les poumons. Plus important encore, ceci a démontré le grand avantage des capacités de rétention pulmonaire de la formulation à libération contrôlée comprenant un excipient PEGylé.Dans la dernière partie de ce travail, les doses maximales tolérées (DMT) des formulations ont été déterminées. Le meilleur candidat, choisi en fonction des résultats de pharmacocinétique (formulation à libération contrôlée ayant des capacités de rétention pulmonaire composé de cisplatine/TS/TPGS 50:49.5:0.5 m/m/m), avait une meilleure tolérance globale que les deux approches à libération immédiate testées (formulation de poudre sèche cisplatine/TPGS 95:5 et la nébulisation endotrachéale d'une solution de cisplatine). Plus précisément, il s’est avéré possible de doubler le dosage administré pour la formulation à libération contrôlée (1.0 mg/kg) par rapport à la poudre sèche à libération immédiate et à la nébulisation endotrachéale (toutes les deux à 0.5 mg/kg) suivant un schéma d'administration chronique (3 fois par semaine pendant 2 semaines). De plus, une évaluation de la tolérance pulmonaire de cette formulation à libération prolongée a été réalisée et comparée à la poudre sèche à libération immédiate, à la nébulisation endotrachéale et à la voie IV. Elle a été réalisée par analyse du liquide provenant du lavage broncho-alvéolaire, 24 heures après une administration unique à la dose maximale tolérée préalablement déterminée pour chaque formulation. Aucune augmentation des cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 et TNF-α n’a pu être détectée à la suite des administrations. Aucunes preuves de lésion tissulaire ou de cytotoxicité n'ont pu être observées au travers du dosage de la teneur en protéines totale et de l'activité de la lactate déshydrogénase. Les seules observations qui ont pu être faites ont été une diminution des cellules totales et une augmentation des polynucléaires neutrophiles dans le lavage broncho-alvéolaire, ce qui n'a pas été observé suite à l’administration IV ou après l'administration du véhicule de la formulation à libération contrôlée seul (c'est-à-dire les microparticules lipidiques solides PEGylées et le diluant). Cette augmentation ne semble pas liée aux microparticules lipidiques solides ou au diluent mais probablement à l’exposition pulmonaire au cisplatine, car cette augmentation a été observée pour chaque groupe inhalé contenant du cisplatine. Le cisplatine a ensuite été administré à des souris qui ont été greffées de manière orthotopique par une lignée murine de carcinome pulmonaire M109-HiFR, modèle préclinique préalablement développé au sein de notre laboratoire. Les formulations de poudres sèches ont été évaluées par rapport à l'administration IV à chaque dose testée (0.5 et 1.0 mg/kg, respectivement). Cette étude a d'abord confirmé la toxicité plus faible de l'approche à libération contrôlée, car la formulation à libération immédiate a causé un nombre beaucoup plus élevé de décès pendant le traitement des souris greffées. La formulation à libération contrôlée administrée à 1.0 mg/kg, a montré une survie plus élevée que le contrôle négatif, mais une réponse comparable à la dose IV administrée à la moitié de la dose (0.5 mg/kg). Ce résultat inattendu par rapport aux résultats de l’étude pharmacocinétique s'explique probablement par le fait que le modèle de tumeur utilisé est hautement métastatique. Les souris traitées avec des formulations inhalées sont mortes en raison de tumeurs secondaires distantes par rapport à la tumeur primaire implantée au niveau du poumon, alors que celles traitées par la voie systémique sont mortes en raison d’un envahissement tumoral pulmonaire. Cela nous amène à penser que ce type de traitement inhalé pourrait avoir un plus grand potentiel en combinaison à la voie parentérale. Ce travail a ainsi permis d’établir la preuve du concept de formulation à base de poudre sèche de cisplatine à libération contrôlée, en utilisant un processus de fabrication capable de subir une mise à l’échelle industrielle. L’utilisation de microparticules lipidiques solides a confirmé que l'encapsulation d’actifs présentant une certaine hydrophilie, comme le cisplatine, était possible en utilisant des excipients hautement hydrophobes et qu'une modification de leur surface était cependant obligatoire pour obtenir une rétention pulmonaire intéressante in vivo. Les microparticules lipidiques solides ont montré de bons signes de tolérance au cours de l'étude exploratoire, mais celle-ci doit encore être confirmée avec une administration chronique des poudres. Ceci doit être fait en suivant des paramètres supplémentaires, tels que des analyses histologiques du tissu pulmonaire. De plus, la comparaison de la néphrotoxicité des formulations avec celle mesurée par la voie IV doit être effectuée avec des méthodes appropriées et sensibles. Enfin, l'étude de survie de la formulation à libération prolongée a montré des résultats mitigés, en partie à cause des caractéristiques du modèle orthotopique de tumeur pulmonaire. Cependant, il semblerait que la chimiothérapie inhalée à un rôle important à jouer en combinaison avec la chimiothérapie systémique classique. Ceci doit être évalué dans une étude future.<br>Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Sampaio, Junior Adalberto Ribeiro. "Controle de microgrids dirigido por modelos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3859.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T10:58:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Adalberto Ribeiro Sampaio Junior - 2014.pdf: 1618396 bytes, checksum: bd9ccea5178781ea6e1d2e0b346d9787 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-13T10:58:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Adalberto Ribeiro Sampaio Junior - 2014.pdf: 1618396 bytes, checksum: bd9ccea5178781ea6e1d2e0b346d9787 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-13T10:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Adalberto Ribeiro Sampaio Junior - 2014.pdf: 1618396 bytes, checksum: bd9ccea5178781ea6e1d2e0b346d9787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG<br>The use of model driven engineering (MDE) and models at runtime represent an important tools for the development and management of complex systems. We show how a model driven approach can be used to create a manager able to control the various components of a microgrid, besides adding autonomic behavior in this kind of system. Applying an architecture that respects the hierarchy of controllers present in microgrids, we show how devices can be controlled through calls and events that are targeted to a manager and defined in its model. This model-driven approach facilitates the control of devices and allows customization of the bahavior of a microgrid by the end user in charge of managing it.<br>O uso de engenharia de software dirigida por modelos (MDE) e de modelos em tempo de execução constitui uma ferramenta importante para desenvolver e controlar sistemas complexos. Neste trabalho utilizamos uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para controlar sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica conhecidos como microgrids. Mostramos como uma abordagem dirigida por modelos pode ser utilizada para criar um gerente capaz de controlar os diversos componentes de uma microgrid, além de adicionar comportamento autonômico neste tipo de sistema. Aplicando uma arquitetura que respeita a hierarquia dos controladores presentes em microgrids, mostramos como os dispositivos podem ser controlados por meio de chamadas e eventos direcionados ao gerente de recursos e definidos em seu modelo. Essa forma de controle dirigido por modelos facilita a definição do controle dos dispositivos de uma microgrid por parte do usuário, além de permitir uma personalização do comportamento global de uma microgrid.
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Sievert, Sebastian [Verfasser], Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Gräb, Robert [Gutachter] Weigel, and Helmut [Gutachter] Gräb. "Development of Analytical Behavioral Models for Digitally Controlled Edge Interpolator (DCEI) based Digital-to-Time Converter (DTC) Circuits / Sebastian Sievert ; Gutachter: Robert Weigel, Helmut Gräb ; Betreuer: Helmut Gräb." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1192441753/34.

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Cobe, Raphael Mendes de Oliveira. "Model-Driven requirements engineering process aided by ontologies and natural controlled languages." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18001.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaphaelMOCpdf.pdf: 3833849 bytes, checksum: fc73f8956766c49a68d58575132da8f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-29<br>Researches in Requirements Engineering have been growing in the latest few years. Researchers are concerned with a set of open issues such as: communication between several user profiles involved in software engineering; scope definition; volatility and traceability issues. To cope with these issues a set of works are concentrated in (i) defining processes to collect client s specifications in order to solve scope issues; (ii) defining models to represent requirements to address communication and traceability issues; and (iii) working on mechanisms and processes to be applied to requirements modeling in order to facilitate requirements evolution and maintenance, addressing volatility and traceability issues. We propose an iterative Model-Driven process to solve these issues, based on a double layered CIM to communicate requirements related knowledge to a wider amount of stakeholders. We also present a tool to help requirements engineer through the RE process. Finally we present a case study to illustrate the process and tool s benefits and usage<br>Pesquisas em Engenharia de Requisitos tem crescido ao longo dos ?ltimos anos. Pesquisadores est?o preocupados com uma s?rie de problemas em aberto como: comunica??o entre diversos perf&#305;s envolvidos na engenharia de requisito; problemas na defini??o de escopo; problemas de volatilidade e ratreabilidade de requisitos. Para lidar com este conjunto de problemas em aberto, um conjunto de trabalhos est?o concentrados em (i) definir processos para coletar especifica??es de clientes para lidar com prolemas de escopo; (ii) definir modelos para representar requisitos para lidar com problemas de comunica??o e rastreabilidade; e (iii) defini??o de mecanismos e processos para serem aplicados a modelagem de requisitos para facilitar a evolu??o e manuten??o de requisitos, lidando com problemas de volatilidade e rastreabilidade em requisitos. Neste trabalho ? proposto um processo dirigido por modelo para solucionar estes problemas em aberto. Este processo ? baseado na ideia de um CIM dividido em duas camadas de forma que se consiga difundir o conhecimento relacionado ao requisitos para um n?mero maior de stakeholders. Durante este trabalho tamb?m foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta que tem como objetivo auxiliar a execu??o de tal processo. Por fim apresentamos um estudo de caso para ilustrar os benef?cios do uso da ferramenta e do processo
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Jedryszek, Jakub. "A model-driven development and verification approach for medical devices." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18222.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>John Hatcliff<br>Medical devices are safety-critical systems whose failure may put human life in danger. They are becoming more advanced and thus more complex. This leads to bigger and more complicated code-bases that are hard to maintain and verify. Model-driven development provides high-level and abstract description of the system in the form of models that omit details, which are not relevant during the design phase. This allows for certain types of verification and hazard analysis to be performed on the models. These models can then be translated into code. However, errors that do not exist in the models may be introduced during the implementation phase. Automated translation from verified models to code may prevent to some extent. This thesis proposes approach for model-driven development and verification of medical devices. Models are created in AADL (Architecture Analysis & Design Language), a language for software and hardware architecture modeling. AADL models are translated to SPARK Ada, contract-based programming language, which is suitable for software verification. Generated code base is further extended by developers to implement internals of specific devices. Created programs can be verified using SPARK tools. A PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) pump medical device is used to illustrate the primary artifacts and process steps. The foundation for this work is "Integrated Clinical Environment Patient-Controlled Analgesia Infusion Pump System Requirements" document and AADL Models created by Brian Larson. In addition to proposed model-driven development approach, a PCA pump prototype was created using the BeagleBoard-xM device as a platform. Some components of PCA pump prototype were verified by SPARK tools and Bakar Kiasan.
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Reschke-Hernández, Alaine Elizabeth. "A clinical practice model of music therapy to address psychosocial functioning for persons with dementia: model development and randomized clinical crossover trial." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6842.

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Background: By 2050, it is estimated that 14 million older Americans will live with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive form of dementia with unknown cause or cure. Persons with AD and related dementias (ADRD) become increasingly dependent on others as they experience cognitive decline, which concomitantly undermines individuals’ functional skills, social initiative, and quality of life. The Alzheimer’s Association advocates for interventions that address cognition, mood, behavior, social engagement, and by extension, quality of life – goals music therapists often address. Although a small but growing body of literature suggests that clinical music therapy may be effective, the evidentiary support for the use and appropriate application of music as a form of treatment with this population is currently limited. Objectives: This thesis consisted of the development of a Clinical Practice Model of music therapy for persons with ADRD. It also examined the effectiveness of a specific, protocol-based music therapy intervention, grounded in this model, relative to a verbal discussion activity. Methods: The Clinical Practice Model is theoretically grounded in the biopsychosocial model of healthcare (Engel, 1980) and Kitwood’s (1997) personhood framework, and I developed it through extensive literature review and expert input. It includes an organizational schema for applying intervention strategies, per six themes: cognition, attention, familiarity, audibility, structure, and autonomy. The initial model predicts that an intervention built upon this schema will influence social-affective responses, quality of life, and in turn, psychosocial symptoms of ADRD. I tested a singing-based music therapy intervention, grounded in this model, through a randomized clinical crossover trial. I compared participants’ responses to music therapy to a non-music verbal discussion activity, and both conditions followed a protocol. Dependent variables included: (1) affective responses (self-reported feelings, observed emotions, and observed mood), (2) social engagement, and (3) observed quality of life. Thirty-two individuals with ADRD (n = 6 men, n = 26 women) ages 65-97 years old (μ̂ = 84.13) participated in this study. I randomly assigned treatment order; each treatment occurred in small-group format, three times per week in the afternoon (25 minutes each session), for two consecutive weeks. A two-week “wash-out” period occurred between conditions. Credentialed music therapists led both study conditions. This study followed recommendations from the National Institutes of Health Behavior Change Consortium (Bellg et al., 2004) to enhance quality assurance in protocol administration and data collection. Results and Significance: I used a linear mixed model approach to analysis. Music therapy exacted a significant, positive effect on self-reported feelings, observed emotions, and constructive engagement, particularly for individuals with moderate dementia. Results also suggested that men’s feelings improved in response to music therapy only, whereas women responded positively to both conditions. Weekly observations failed to indicate a significant change in mood or quality of life across the eight-week study. Based on these findings, I revised the Clinical Practice Model to include wellbeing (an outcome more concordant with psychosocial change in response to music intervention) rather than global quality of life (affected by numerous aspects of the care milieu). In addition to the Clinical Practice Model to the music therapy profession, contributions of this thesis include a rigorous clinical study and practical implications for music therapy practice, including the importance of considering patient characteristics and careful selection and implementation of music in a music therapy intervention.
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Books on the topic "Models of controlled development"

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Gallagher, Michael James. Development of telemetry for the agility flight test of a radio controlled fighter model. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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Kraft, L. Alan. Development of an analytical tool to study power quality of AC power systems for large spacecraft. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Navalpotro, J. A. Sotelo. Regional development models. Oxford University Press, 2000.

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K, Ridgway, ed. Hard capsules: Development and technology. Pharmaceutical Press, 1987.

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Goodchild, Graham. Radio-controlled models: Design and construction. Batsford, 1985.

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Goodchild, Graham. Radio-controlled models: Design and construction. B.T. Batsford, 1985.

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Office of the Royal Development Projects Board (Thailand), ed. Royal development study centres: Models of development. Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, 1996.

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Stevenson, Rosemary J. Models of language development. Open University Press, 1988.

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1960-, Faucheux Sylvie, Pearce David, and Proops, John L. R., 1947-, eds. Models of sustainable development. Edward Elgar, 1996.

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T, Quinlan Philip, ed. Connectionist models of development. Psychology Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Models of controlled development"

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Mezei, Razvan Alexandru. "Routing, Models, and Controllers." In Introduction to the Development of Web Applications Using ASP .Net (Core) MVC. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30626-6_7.

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Kaye, Paul M., Vivak Parkash, Alison M. Layton, and Charles J. N. Lacey. "The Utility of a Controlled Human Infection Model for Developing Leishmaniasis Vaccines." In Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24355-4_12.

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AbstractControlled human infection models (CHIMs) are increasingly recognised as having an important role in the early development of vaccines for important human diseases, including those prevalent in low and middle-income countries. The leishmaniases are a group of clinically disparate parasitic diseases caused by multiple species of Leishmania. Widely heralded as potentially vaccine-preventable, progress in vaccine development for different forms of leishmaniasis has over past decades been slow, hampered by lack of funds, good experimental models and the challenges of progression through the normal clinical trial pathway. However, with a new generation of leishmaniasis vaccine candidates now progressing in clinical development, the value of a robust CHIM able to accelerate early-phase evaluation of new vaccine candidates has become increasingly apparent. Here, we briefly review the historic context of human infection studies in leishmaniasis and outline issues pertinent to the development of a new CHIM of sand fly-transmitted Leishmania major infection. Given the diversity and wide geographic distribution of the leishmaniases, we conclude with a discussion of future needs and challenges in the development of CHIMs for these important neglected diseases.
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Leal, Luciana N., Paulo F. Pires, Maria Luiza M. Campos, and Flávia C. Delicato. "Natural MDA: Controlled Natural Language for Action Specifications on Model Driven Development." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: CoopIS, DOA, GADA, and ODBASE. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11914853_33.

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Batterbury, Simon P. J., Matthias Kowasch, and Aurélie Arroyas. "Land Reform, Conflict and Local Development on “Grande Terre”." In Geographies of New Caledonia-Kanaky. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49140-5_10.

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AbstractNew Caledonia-Kanaky has operated customary and European models of land tenure in parallel for almost 170 years, since the early days of colonisation when francophone governance was imposed to enable settlement, and Kanak populations on prime agricultural were forcibly displaced onto “reserves”. This “historic dualism” has been at the heart of lengthy political discussion and the demands of the Kanak independence movement to reclaim its land and sovereignty. While debates about the development of customary land continue in times of political uncertainty, since the late 1970s re-allocation of land to Kanak clans by the state, latterly through the Agence de développement rural et d’aménagement foncier (ADRAF), has been substantial. We assess this process, offering two examples from the Northern Province where land conflicts remain and where “modern” development has taken place on customary land now controlled by clans, under their stewardship. This partial integration into the market economy has addressed many, but not all, of the problems of “historic dualism”.
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Petrakova, E., and V. Sumatokhin. "Development of Algorithm for Creating Parametric 3D Models, Controlled by Mathcad Calculations, to Study Parameters of Enclosed Gears Housing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22041-9_51.

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Kronström, Filip, Alexander H. Gower, Ievgeniia A. Tiukova, and Ross D. King. "RIMBO - An Ontology for Model Revision Databases." In Discovery Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_35.

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AbstractThe use of computational models is growing throughout most scientific domains. The increased complexity of such models, as well as the increased automation of scientific research, imply that model revisions need to be systematically recorded. We present RIMBO (Revisions for Improvements of Models in Biology Ontology), which describes the changes made to computational biology models.The ontology is intended as the foundation of a database containing and describing iterative improvements to models. By recording high level information, such as modelled phenomena, and model type, using controlled vocabularies from widely used ontologies, the same database can be used for different model types. The database aims to describe the evolution of models by recording chains of changes to them. To make this evolution transparent, emphasise has been put on recording the reasons, and descriptions, of the changes.We demonstrate the usefulness of a database based on this ontology by modelling the update from version 8.4.1 to 8.4.2 of the genome-scale metabolic model Yeast8, a modification proposed by an abduction algorithm, as well as thousands of simulated revisions. This results in a database demonstrating that revisions can successfully be modelled in a semantically meaningful and storage efficient way. We believe such a database is necessary for performing automated model improvement at scale in systems biology, as well as being a useful tool to increase the openness and traceability for model development. With minor modifications the ontology can also be used in other scientific domains.The ontology is made available at https://github.com/filipkro/rimbo and will be continually updated.
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Vennaro, Eric. "Model View Controller (MVC)." In iOS Development at Scale. Apress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-9456-7_7.

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Kelly, Sloan. "Model View Controller." In Python, PyGame and Raspberry Pi Game Development. Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2517-2_17.

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Kelly, Sloan. "Model View Controller." In Python, PyGame, and Raspberry Pi Game Development. Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4533-0_17.

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Schöning, Stephan, and Viktor Mendel. "Controller Competency Model." In Competence Development in Controlling and Management Accounting. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39390-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Models of controlled development"

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Daoudagh, Said, and Eda Marchetti. "Defining Controlled Experiments Inside the Access Control Environment." In 8th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009358201670176.

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Kalsi, Karanjit, Marcelo Elizondo, Jason Fuller, Shuai Lu, and David Chassin. "Development and Validation of Aggregated Models for Thermostatic Controlled Loads with Demand Response." In 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2012.212.

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Petroff, Neil B., Paul A. C. Mason, and Kim D. Reisinger. "A Hand Model for the Development and Validation of a Fuzzy Controlled Orthosis." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0151.

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Abstract Restoring hand control to upper extremity paralysis victims will enable them the perform daily tasks and lead independent lifestyles. This study was undertaken to develop a fuzzy controlled hand orthosis that will be unobtrusive, user friendly and aesthetically pleasing. A simplified hand orthosis model, consisting of four fingers and a thumb, is derived for the purpose of planning appropriate grasp trajectories (fingertip pinch, lateral pinch and cylindrical grasp) and validating a fuzzy logic control architecture. The controller is hierarchical in design, consisting of a supervisory controller that uses the intended motion to coordinate individual finger motions and, a lower level controller for each finger that produces the required joint angles for the specific grasp. Preliminary results indicate that the hand orthosis model is capable of achieving the required grasps, and that fuzzy logic can be used as the controller.
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Tandra, Varun, and Nilabh Srivastava. "Closed Loop Estimator-Controller Synthesis for a Two-Zone Controlled Auto-Ignition Engine Model." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87596.

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This paper outlines the controller development for a physics-based two-zone thermo kinetic model of HCCI/CAI engine presented in the previous work. The model accounted for both temperature and concentration inhomogeneities in the cylinder, which ultimately resulted in better prediction of the combustion parameters. The discrete nonlinear model is linearized about an operating point and the resulting linearized model is used to create an effective tracking controller. The model inputs include the variable valve timings needed to effectively control peak pressure, ignition timing and exhaust temperature. Since some of the model states cannot be monitored under transient conditions, an observer was developed to estimate the states. Two controller-observer models: controller-current observer and controller-predictor observer were designed and simulated using the same engine model. A significant difference was observed between the performances of these two models. Simulation results showed that linear controller can drastically enhance the control of combustion phasing, thereby making the control of HCCI engines practical.
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Badreddin, Omar, Maged Elaasar, and Wahab Hamou-Lhadj. "A Controlled Experiment for Evaluating the Comprehensibility of UML Action Languages." In 4th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005657700520064.

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Harcar, I., M. Antosko, N. Fabry, et al. "Training Models for Military Air Traffic Controllers." In 2020 New Trends in Aviation Development (NTAD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ntad51447.2020.9379105.

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Seo, Joonho, Norihiro Koizumi, Yugo Suzuki, et al. "Development of computer controlled HIFU focal model scanning system." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND: ISTU—2009. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3367192.

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Poeti, L., J. Marco, and N. D. Vaughan. "Object Oriented Plant Models for HEV Controller Development." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0148.

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Aspar, Z., Nasir Shaikh-Husin, and M. Khalil-Hani. "Algorithm to convert programmable logic controller Ladder Logic Diagram models to Petri Net models." In 2015 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scored.2015.7449314.

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Whitmer, Christopher E., and Atul G. Kelkar. "Enclosure Acoustics Modeling and Control Utilizing a FEM-BEM Approach." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82541.

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The subject of this paper deals with developing analytical relations, computational models and active noise controller designs to help tailor of the transmission, dissipation, and the impedance of acoustic energy across an actively controlled boundary. First presented is a brief background of the theory of acoustic noise in reverberant enclosures. The boundary element formulation of the Helmholtz Integral Equation is presented, along with a finite element method (FEM) structural model. Then, an approach for coupling the models and producing a fully coupled linear control design model is presented. These developments are then specifically applied to a 3-D acoustic chamber consisting of two separate 4ft × 4ft × 8ft open ended enclosures separated by a removable actively controlled partition. The way acoustic energy interacts with an active structural boundary is then explored in greater detail using these control design models. A reduced order coupled model is then produced to investigate tailoring a controller for the desired dissipation, impedance, or transmission across boundary. LQG based controllers were investigated in this paper and an evaluation of passivity based controllers is currently underway. The resulting models and design have provided insight that will allow the design of novel structures and controllers that can be tailored for a desired acoustical transport behavior. These models and designs will be validated on an experimental test bed with the same characteristics as the chamber simulated. Future efforts will extend the FEM-BEM modeling strategy to optimize both the structural design, and the active control system to complement each other more effectively.
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Reports on the topic "Models of controlled development"

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Masset, Edoardo. Combining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergyCombining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergy. Edited by Radhika Menon. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb3.

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Over the last decade, many researchers have conducted randomised trials alongside economic models. The work of these researchers has shown that both approaches are strengthened by their combined use and the conclusions they lead to are full of policy implications. In the latest CEDIL Methods Brief, Edoardo Masset, Research Director, CEDIL Programme, uses three examples to offer tips on the application of modelling to evaluate development interventions and explore various policy questions. The brief shows that models and experiments should be seen as complementary, rather than as alternative approaches. This brief is based on the CEDIL Inception Paper No. 9, Structural Modelling in Policy Making, by Orazio Attanasio and Debbie Blair. This paper is available on the CEDIL website.
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Yang, Yu, Hen-Geul Yeh, and Bryan Aguirre. Fuel Cell System Development for Heavy Duty Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2441.

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As California advances its ambitious goals for transportation electrification to combat climate change, hydrogen-powered fuel cells are emerging as a viable solution for overcoming the challenges of heavy-duty vehicles, offering an efficient alternative to lithium-ion batteries because they produce minimal chemical, thermal, and carbon emissions. One type of hydrogen fuel cell technology called proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has garnered the most attention due to its distinct advantages, including relatively low operating temperatures (60–80 °C) and reliable performance at high current densities. However, despite their promise, PEMFCs face challenges, including in optimizing stack power output and safety concerns. To tackle these issues, accurate modeling and control strategies are essential. This study focuses on using data-driven modeling (specifically using a process known as “closed-loop system identification” under proportional controller and pseudo-random binary sequence excitation methods) to better understand and manage PEMFC systems. Various transfer functions models were analyzed, including first-order, first-order plus time delay, second-order, and second-order plus time delay models. The resulting closed-loop identification approach was applied on the humidifier, cooling, and oxygen supplier subsystems of simulated PEMFC to build their models under controlled operations. The results of this study highlight the potential of closed-loop system identification techniques to improve fuel cell vehicle performance in power supply, water, and heat management, without interrupting PEMFC operations. These findings demonstrate the significance of precise modeling as a cornerstone for advancing PEMFC control strategies and optimizing their application in renewable transportation and a more sustainable future.
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Winters, Scott Eric. Development of Control Models and a Robust Multivariable Controller for Surface Shape Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15005369.

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McNab, W. W. Jr. First-order kinetics-controlled multiple species reactive transport of dissolved organic compounds in groundwater: Development and application of a numerical model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6628114.

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Wang, Xinrun, Tianye Li, Xuechai Bai, Yun Zhu, and Meiliang Zhang. Therapeutic prospect on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in animal model with primary ovarian insufficiency: A meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0075.

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Review question / Objective: Participants: experiment POI animal models; Interventions: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; Comparisons: POI animal models without hUCMSC therapy; Outcomes: estrous cycle situation, serum sex hormone level and ovarian follicle count; Studies: randomized controlled animal study; The aim of the review is to figure out whether hUCMSC can recover ovarian function in POI animal models. Condition being studied: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a syndrome characterized by reduced or absent ovarian function (hypogonadism) and elevated levels of gonadotropins, specifically luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Etiologies of POI are various. Genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, iatrogenic injuries like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and infectious diseases all contribute to the development of POI. Main manifestation of POI includes decreased ovarian function and infertility. Patients may suffer from menopausal symptoms, such as increased cardiovascular disease, decreased bone mineral density, vulvovaginal atrophy, psychological distress and so on. Current treatment of POI is limited. HRT mainly ameliorates symptoms while ART can achieve fertility in some patients but faces many challenges in clinical practice because it's hard to get satisfied oocytes. Stem cell therapy is proved to be efficient in recovering organ functions and hUCMSC is one of the easiest cell to obtain. So we think hUCMSC is promising in treating POI.
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Linker, Raphael, Murat Kacira, Avraham Arbel, Gene Giacomelli, and Chieri Kubota. Enhanced Climate Control of Semi-arid and Arid Greenhouses Equipped with Fogging Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593383.bard.

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The main objectives were (1) to develop, implement and validate control procedures that would make it possible to maintain year-round air temperature and humidity at levels suitable for crop cultivation in greenhouses operating in arid and semi-arid regions and (2) to investigate the influence of the operational flexibility of the fogging system on the performance of the system. With respect to the development of climate controllers, we developed a new control approach according to which ventilation is used to maintain the enthalpy of the greenhouse air and fogging is used to adjust the humidity ratio inside the greenhouse. This approach is suitable mostly for greenhouses equipped with mechanized ventilation, and in which the air exchange rate can be controlled with enough confidence. The development and initial validation of the controllers were performed in a small experimental greenhouses located at the Agricultural Research Organization and very good tracking were obtained for both air temperature and relative humidity (maximum mean deviations over a 10-min period with constant setpoints lower than 2.5oC and 5% relative humidity). The robust design approach used to develop the controllers made it possible to transfer successfully these controllers to a much larger semi-commercial greenhouse located in the much drier Arava region. After only minimal adjustments, which did not require lengthy dedicated experiments, satisfactory tracking of the temperature and humidity was achieved, with standard deviation of the tracking error lower than 1oC and 5% for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. These results should help promote the acceptance of modern techniques for designing greenhouse climate controllers, especially since given the large variety of greenhouse structures (shape, size, crop system), developing high performance site-specific controllers for each greenhouse is not feasible. In parallel to this work, a new cooling control strategy, which considers the contribution of humidification and cooling from the crop, was developed for greenhouses equipped with natural ventilation. Prior to the development of the cooling strategy itself, three evapotranspiration models were compared in terms of accuracy and reliability. The cooling strategy that has been developed controls the amount of fog introduced into the greenhouse as well as the percentage of vent openings based on the desired vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and enthalpy, respectively. Numerical simulations were used to compare the performance of the new strategy with a constant fogging rate strategy based on VPD, and on average, the new strategy saved 36% water and consumed 30% less electric energy. In addition, smaller air temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were achieved when using the new strategy. Finally, it was demonstrated that dynamically varying the fog rate and properly selecting the number of nozzles, yields additional water and electricity savings.
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Lai, Chin-Ta, and Joel Conte. Dynamic Modeling of the UC San Diego NHERI Six-Degree-of-Freedom Large High-Performance Outdoor Shake Table. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/jsds5228.

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The UC San Diego Large High-Performance Outdoor Shake Table (LHPOST), which was commissioned on October 1, 2004 as a shared-use experimental facility of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) program, was upgraded from its original one degree-of-freedom (LHPOST) to a six degree-of-freedom configuration (LHPOST6) between October 2019 and April 2022. The LHPOST6 is a shared-use experimental facility of the NSF Natural Hazard Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) program. A mechanics-based numerical model of the LHPOST6 able to capture the dynamics of the upgraded 6-DOF shake table system under bare table condition is presented in this report. The model includes: (i) a rigid body kinematic model that relates the platen motion to the motions of components attached to the platen, (ii) a hydraulic dynamic model that calculates the hydraulic actuator forces based on all fourth-stage servovalve spool positions, (iii) a hold-down strut model that determines the pull-down forces produced by the three hold-down struts, (iv) a 2-D and various 1-D Bouc-Wen models utilized to represent the dissipative forces in the shake table system, and (v) a 6-DOF rigid body dynamic model governing the translational and rotational motions of the platen subjected to the forces from the various components attached to the platen. In this report, the rigid body dynamics is studied utilizing the platen twist (combination of platen translational and rotational velocities) and wrench (combination of force and moment resultants acting on the platen) following principles from the robotic analysis literature. The numerical model of the LHPOST6 is validated extensively using experimental data from the acceptance tests performed following the shake table upgrade, and the model predictions of the shake table system response are found to be consistently in very good agreement with the experimental results for tri-axial and six-axial earthquake shake table tests. The validated mechanics-based numerical model of the LHPOST6 presented in this study can be coupled with finite element models of shake table test specimens installed on the rigid platen to study the dynamic interaction between the shake table system and the specimens. Another important potential use of the model is to improve the motion tracking performance of the LHPOST6 through either off-line tuning of the shake table controller and/or development of more advanced shake table controllers.
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Thomas, Douglas, and Mellon Michael. Sublimation of terrestrial permafrost and the implications for ice-loss processes on Mars. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41244.

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Sublimation of ice is rate-controlled by vapor transport away from its outer surface and may have generated landforms on Mars. In ice-cemented ground (permafrost), the lag of soil particles remaining after ice loss decreases subsequent sublimation. Varying soil-ice ratios lead to differential lag development. Here we report 52 years of sublimation measurements from a permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska, and constrain models of sublimation, diffusion through porous soil, and lag formation. We derive the first long-term in situ effective diffusion coefficient of ice-free loess, a Mars analog soil, of 9.05 × 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹, ~5× larger than past theoretical studies. Exposed ice-wedge sublimation proceeds ~4× faster than predicted from analogy to heat loss by buoyant convection, a theory frequently employed in Mars studies. Our results can be used to map near-surface ice-content differences, identify surface processes controlling landform formation and morphology, and identify target landing sites for human exploration of Mars.
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Schumacher, Michael. COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS - PHOTONIC MEMORY CONTROLLER MODULE (P-MCM). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1971122.

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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.

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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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