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Journal articles on the topic 'Modely front'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Sinclair, Victoria A. "A 6-yr Climatology of Fronts Affecting Helsinki, Finland, and Their Boundary Layer Structure." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 9 (2013): 2106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0318.1.

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AbstractA 6-yr climatology of the frequency, characteristics, and boundary layer structure of synoptic-scale fronts in Helsinki, Finland, was created using significant weather charts and observations from a 327-m-tall mast and from the Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relationships III. In total, 855 fronts (332 cold fronts, 236 warm fronts, and 287 occluded fronts) affected Helsinki during the 6-yr period, equating to one front every 2.6 days. Seasonal and diurnal cycles were observed, with frontal frequency peaking during the cold season and during daytime. Composites of warm and c

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2

GLASNER, KARL. "Rapid growth and critical behaviour in phase field models of solidification." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 12, no. 1 (2001): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792501004351.

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Rapid solidification fronts are studied using a phase field model. Unlike slow moving solutions which approximate the Mullins–Sekerka free boundary problem, different limiting behaviour is obtained for rapidly moving fronts. A time-dependent analysis is carried out for various cases and the leading order behaviour of solidification front solutions is derived to be one of several travelling wave problems. An analysis of these problems is conducted, leading to expressions for front speeds in certain limits. The dynamics leading to these travelling wave solutions is derived, and conclusions about

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3

Thomas, Carl M., and David M. Schultz. "What are the Best Thermodynamic Quantity and Function to Define a Front in Gridded Model Output?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 5 (2019): 873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0137.1.

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AbstractFronts can be computed from gridded datasets such as numerical model output and reanalyses, resulting in automated surface frontal charts and climatologies. Defining automated fronts requires quantities (e.g., potential temperature, equivalent potential temperature, wind shifts) and kinematic functions (e.g., gradient, thermal front parameter, and frontogenesis). Which are the most appropriate to use in different applications remains an open question. This question is investigated using two quantities (potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature) and three functions (mag

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4

Schultz, David M. "A Review of Cold Fronts with Prefrontal Troughs and Wind Shifts." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 8 (2005): 2449–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2987.1.

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Abstract The conceptual model of a classical surface-based cold front consists of a sharp temperature decrease coincident with a pressure trough and a distinct wind shift at the surface. Many cold fronts, however, do not conform to this model—time series at a single surface station may possess a pressure trough and wind shift in the warm air preceding the cold front (hereafter called a prefrontal trough and prefrontal wind shift, respectively). Although many authors have recognized these prefrontal features previously, a review of the responsible mechanisms has not been performed to date. This

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Deremble, Bruno, Guillaume Lapeyre, and Michael Ghil. "Atmospheric Dynamics Triggered by an Oceanic SST Front in a Moist Quasigeostrophic Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 5 (2012): 1617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0288.1.

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Abstract To understand the atmospheric response to a midlatitude oceanic front, this paper uses a quasigeostrophic (QG) model with moist processes. A well-known, three-level QG model on the sphere has been modified to include such processes in an aquaplanet setting. Its response is analyzed in terms of the upper-level atmospheric jet for sea surface temperature (SST) fronts of different profiles and located at different latitudes. When the SST front is sufficiently strong, it tends to anchor the mean atmospheric jet, suggesting that the jet’s spatial location and pattern are mainly affected by

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6

Ramanuj, S. "CONTINUOUS DIFFUSION OF AUSTRIAN MODEL GERMAN FRONT VOWELS: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 05 (2021): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-05-05.

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In Austrian Model German ASG , the vowels in the words Beeren and Bärenare ordinarily respected to be consolidated. Some acoustic investigations on ASG additionally recommend a consolidation between the vowels as in Maitland Mitteand even between the BEEREN/BÄREN consolidation and the MIETE vowel. This paper re-examines these consolidations from a sociolinguistic perspective and shows that more established speakers will in general union the vowels more than more youthful speakers. This focuses towards a continuous scattering or 'unmerger' and we contend that this is an aftereffect of convenien

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Zhang, Xiyan, Yu Sheng, Long Huang, Xubin Huang, and Binbin He. "Application of the Segregation Potential Model to Freezing Soil in a Closed System." Water 12, no. 9 (2020): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092418.

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Previous studies have shown that an accurate prediction of frost heaves largely depends on the pore water pressure and hydraulic conductivity of frozen fringes, which are difficult to determine. The segregation potential model can avoid this problem; however, the conventional segregation potential is considered to be approximately unchanged at a steady state and only valid in an open system without dehydration in the unfrozen zone. Based on Darcy’s law and the conventional segregation potential, the segregation potential was expressed as a function of the pore water pressure at the base of the

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8

Scales, Kylie L., Peter I. Miller, Clare B. Embling, Simon N. Ingram, Enrico Pirotta, and Stephen C. Votier. "Mesoscale fronts as foraging habitats: composite front mapping reveals oceanographic drivers of habitat use for a pelagic seabird." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 100 (2014): 20140679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0679.

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The oceanographic drivers of marine vertebrate habitat use are poorly understood yet fundamental to our knowledge of marine ecosystem functioning. Here, we use composite front mapping and high-resolution GPS tracking to determine the significance of mesoscale oceanographic fronts as physical drivers of foraging habitat selection in northern gannets Morus bassanus . We tracked 66 breeding gannets from a Celtic Sea colony over 2 years and used residence time to identify area-restricted search (ARS) behaviour. Composite front maps identified thermal and chlorophyll- a mesoscale fronts at two diff

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9

BIRMAN, V. K., B. A. BATTANDIER, E. MEIBURG, and P. F. LINDEN. "Lock-exchange flows in sloping channels." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 577 (April 19, 2007): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200600437x.

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Two-dimensional variable-density Navier–Stokes simulations have been conducted in order to investigate the effects of a slope on the classical lock-exchange flow. Simulations of full lock releases show that the flow goes through an initial quasi-steady phase that is characterized by a constant front velocity. This quasi-steady front velocity has a maximum for slope angles around 40°, and it persists up to a dimensionless time of the order of 10. The flow subsequently undergoes a transition to a second phase with a larger, unsteady, front velocity. These computational findings were confirmed by

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Achtemeier, Gary L., and Scott L. Goodrick. "Adding to Fire Fighter Safety by Including Real-Time Radar Data in Short-Range Forecasts of Thunderstorm-Induced Wind Shifts." Fire 4, no. 3 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030055.

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Abrupt changes in wind direction and speed caused by thunderstorm-generated gust fronts can, within a few seconds, transform slow-spreading low-intensity flanking fires into high-intensity head fires. Flame heights and spread rates can more than double. Fire mitigation strategies are challenged and the safety of fire crews is put at risk. We propose a class of numerical weather prediction models that incorporate real-time radar data and which can provide fire response units with images of accurate very short-range forecasts of gust front locations and intensities. Real-time weather radar data

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11

Cenedese, Claudia, James A. Lerczak, and Giuseppe Bartone. "A Geostrophic Adjustment Model of Two Buoyant Fluids." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 11 (2012): 1932–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0169.1.

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Abstract A combination of analytical calculations and laboratory experiments has been used to investigate the geostrophic adjustment of two buoyant fluids having different densities in a third denser ambient fluid. The frontal position, the depth profile, and the horizontal and vertical alignments of the two buoyant fluids at the final equilibrium state are determined by the ratio of the baroclinic Rossby radii of deformation Γ1 = λ31/λ21 and Γ2 = λ32/λ21 and the Burger numbers B1 = λ31/L1 and B2 = λ32/L2 of the two buoyant fluids, where is the baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation between f

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Volpert, V. A., Y. Nec, and A. A. Nepomnyashchy. "Fronts in anomalous diffusion–reaction systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1982 (2013): 20120179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0179.

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A review of recent developments in the field of front dynamics in anomalous diffusion–reaction systems is presented. Both fronts between stable phases and those propagating into an unstable phase are considered. A number of models of anomalous diffusion with reaction are discussed, including models with Lévy flights, truncated Lévy flights, subdiffusion-limited reactions and models with intertwined subdiffusion and reaction operators.

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13

Belkhode, P. N., P. V. Washimkar, and M. S. Dhande. "Predication of Steering Geometry of Front Suspension using Experimental Data Based Model." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 6 (2010): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2010.v2.179.

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Otero, P., M. Ruiz-Villarreal, and Á. Peliz. "River plume fronts off NW Iberia from satellite observations and model data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 9 (2009): 1853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp156.

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Abstract Otero, P., Ruiz-Villarreal, M., and Peliz, Á. 2009. River plume fronts off NW Iberia from satellite observations and model data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1853–1864. River plume fronts off NW Iberia during autumn 2002 are examined based on the gradient of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in three-dimensional model data and on sea surface temperature gradients in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery. The method reveals new aspects of the dynamics of fronts in the area. The strong gradient of the MLD between the plume and the adjacent ocean serves as a physica

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15

Akers, Benjamin, and D. M. Ambrose. "Efficient computation of coordinate-free models of flame fronts." ANZIAM Journal 63 (July 30, 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v63.15970.

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We present an efficient, accurate computational method for a coordinate-free model of flame front propagation of Frankel and Sivashinsky. This model allows for overturned flames fronts, in contrast to weakly nonlinear models such as the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. The numerical procedure adapts the method of Hou, Lowengrub and Shelley, derived for vortex sheets, to this model. The result is a nonstiff, highly accurate solver which can handle fully nonlinear, overturned interfaces, with similar computational expense to methods for weakly nonlinear models. We apply this solver both to simulat

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AKERS, B. F., and D. M. AMBROSE. "EFFICIENT COMPUTATION OF COORDINATE-FREE MODELS OF FLAME FRONTS." ANZIAM Journal 63, no. 1 (2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181121000079.

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AbstractWe present an efficient, accurate computational method for a coordinate-free model of flame front propagation of Frankel and Sivashinsky. This model allows for overturned flames fronts, in contrast to weakly nonlinear models such as the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation. The numerical procedure adapts the method of Hou, Lowengrub and Shelley, derived for vortex sheets, to this model. The result is a nonstiff, highly accurate solver which can handle fully nonlinear, overturned interfaces, with similar computational expense to methods for weakly nonlinear models. We apply this solver both to

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17

Grassia, P., E. Mas-Hernández, N. Shokri, S. J. Cox, G. Mishuris, and W. R. Rossen. "Analysis of a model for foam improved oil recovery." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 751 (June 20, 2014): 346–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.287.

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AbstractDuring improved oil recovery (IOR), gas may be introduced into a porous reservoir filled with surfactant solution in order to form foam. A model for the evolution of the resulting foam front known as ‘pressure-driven growth’ is analysed. An asymptotic solution of this model for long times is derived that shows that foam can propagate indefinitely into the reservoir without gravity override. Moreover, ‘pressure-driven growth’ is shown to correspond to a special case of the more general ‘viscous froth’ model. In particular, it is a singular limit of the viscous froth, corresponding to th

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18

Kemppi, Mirja L., and Victoria A. Sinclair. "Structure of a Warm Front: Helsinki Testbed Observations and Model Simulation." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 9 (2011): 2876–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-10-05003.1.

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The purpose of this study is to document the structure of a warm front in northeast Europe, identify the effects that the Finnish coastline has on the evolution of the front, and investigate factors that influence the speed that the warm front moves at within, and above, the boundary layer. The warm front formed over Estonia, traveled northward across the Gulf of Finland, and then crossed the southern coastline of Finland. Surface-based measurements from the Helsinki Testbed are analyzed together with output from a high-resolution numerical weather prediction model, Application of Research to

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19

Naud, Catherine M., Derek J. Posselt, and Susan C. van den Heever. "Reply to “Comments on ‘A CloudSat–CALIPSO View of Cloud and Precipitation Properties across Cold Fronts over the Global Oceans’”." Journal of Climate 31, no. 7 (2018): 2969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0777.1.

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In Naud et al., a compositing method was utilized with CloudSat– CALIPSO observations to obtain mean transects of cloud vertical distribution and surface precipitation across cold fronts, and to examine their sensitivity to the large-scale properties of the parent extratropical cyclone. This reply demonstrates the value of compositing for evaluating numerical models, and presents additional results that address the issue of the sensitivity of the initial results to the frontal detection methodology and the potential misclassification of occlusions as cold fronts. Here a sensitivity study of th

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20

Stukel, Michael R., Lihini I. Aluwihare, Katherine A. Barbeau, et al. "Mesoscale ocean fronts enhance carbon export due to gravitational sinking and subduction." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 6 (2017): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609435114.

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Enhanced vertical carbon transport (gravitational sinking and subduction) at mesoscale ocean fronts may explain the demonstrated imbalance of new production and sinking particle export in coastal upwelling ecosystems. Based on flux assessments from 238U:234Th disequilibrium and sediment traps, we found 2 to 3 times higher rates of gravitational particle export near a deep-water front (305 mg C⋅m−2⋅d−1) compared with adjacent water or to mean (nonfrontal) regional conditions. Elevated particle flux at the front was mechanistically linked to Fe-stressed diatoms and high mesozooplankton fecal pel

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21

Schultz, David M., and Paul J. Roebber. "The Fiftieth Anniversary of Sanders (1955): A Mesoscale Model Simulation of the Cold Front of 17–18 April 1953." Meteorological Monographs 55 (November 1, 2008): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/0065-9401-33.55.127.

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Abstract Over 50 yr have passed since the publication of Sanders' 1955 study, the first quantitative study of the structure and dynamics of a surface cold front. The purpose of this chapter is to reexamine some of the results of that study in light of modern methods of numerical weather prediction and diagnosis. A simulation with a resolution as high as 6-km horizontal grid spacing was performed with the fifth-generation-Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5), given initial and lateral boundary conditions from the National Center

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22

Biktasheva, I. V., R. D. Simitev, R. Suckley, and V. N. Biktashev. "Asymptotic properties of mathematical models of excitability." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1842 (2006): 1283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1770.

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We analyse small parameters in selected models of biological excitability, including Hodgkin–Huxley (Hodgkin & Huxley 1952 J. Physiol. 117 , 500–544) model of nerve axon, Noble (Noble 1962 J. Physiol. 160 , 317–352) model of heart Purkinje fibres and Courtemanche et al . (Courtemanche et al . 1998 Am. J. Physiol. 275 , H301–H321) model of human atrial cells. Some of the small parameters are responsible for differences in the characteristic time-scales of dynamic variables, as in the traditional singular perturbation approaches. Others appear in a way which makes the standard approaches ina

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23

Roger, R. S., and P. E. Dewdney. "Evolutionary Models of the Dissociation Zones Surrounding HII Regions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 115 (1987): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900095541.

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Atomic hydrogen regions have been observed in λ21-cm emission around a number of galactic HII regions in various stages of evolution (Roger & Pedlar, 1981; Dewdney & Roger, 1982; Roger & Irwin, 1982). These HI zones are almost certainly formed by the dissociation of H2 with Lyman-Werner band photons in the UV from the exciting stars. We describe some results of the computer modelling of the advancement of dissociation fronts with time as functions of various parameters, principally stellar type and ambient gas density. The modelling has shown that for most conditions a substantial

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Douglass, Elizabeth M., and Andrea C. Mask. "Detection of Fronts as a Metric for Numerical Model Accuracy." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 8 (2019): 1547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0106.1.

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AbstractAs numerical modeling advances, quantitative metrics are necessary to determine whether the model output accurately represents the observed ocean. Here, a metric is developed based on whether a model places oceanic fronts in the proper location. Fronts are observed and assessed directly from along-track satellite altimetry. Numerical model output is then interpolated to the locations of the along-track data, and fronts are detected in the model output. Scores are determined from the percentage of observed fronts correctly simulated in the model and from the percentage of modeled fronts

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Sinclair, Victoria A., Sami Niemelä, and Matti Leskinen. "Structure of a Narrow Cold Front in the Boundary Layer: Observations versus Model Simulation." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 8 (2012): 2497–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00328.1.

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Abstract A narrow and shallow cold front that passed over Finland during the night 30–31 October 2007 is analyzed using model output and observations primarily from the Helsinki Testbed. The aim is to describe the structure of the front, especially within the planetary boundary layer, identify how this structure evolved, and determine the ability of a numerical model to correctly predict this structure. The front was shallow with a small (2.5–3 K) temperature decrease associated with it, which is attributed to the synoptic evolution of the cold front from a frontal wave on a mature, trailing c

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Romanova, M. M. "Origin of Blazar Activity." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 194 (1999): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900162084.

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Models of Blazars based on the propagation of finite discontinuities or fronts in the Poynting flux jet from the innermost regions of an accretion disk around a black hole are discussed. Such fronts may be responsible for short time–scale (from less than hours to days) flares in different wavebands from high frequency radioband to TeV, with delay in low radio frequencies as a result of synchrotron self-absorption. The cases of magnetic fields of one and opposite polarities across the front are investigated. We find that annihilation of magnetic field in the front leads to higher energy spectru

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Deremble, B., E. Simonnet, and M. Ghil. "Multiple equilibria and oscillatory modes in a mid-latitude ocean-forced atmospheric model." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 19, no. 5 (2012): 479–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-479-2012.

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Abstract. Atmospheric response to a mid-latitude sea surface temperature (SST) front is studied, while emphasizing low-frequency modes induced by the presence of such a front. An idealized atmospheric quasi-geostrophic (QG) model is forced by the SST field of an idealized oceanic QG model. First, the equilibria of the oceanic model and the associated SST fronts are computed. Next, these equilibria are used to force the atmospheric model and compute its equilibria when varying the strength of the oceanic forcing. Low-frequency modes of atmospheric variability are identified and associated with

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Deparis, Nicolas, Dominique Aubert, Pierre Ocvirk, Jonathan Chardin, and Joseph Lewis. "Impact of the reduced speed of light approximation on ionization front velocities in cosmological simulations of the epoch of reionization." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (February 2019): A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832889.

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Context. Coupled radiative-hydrodynamics simulations of the epoch of reionization aim to reproduce the propagation of ionization fronts during the transition before the overlap of HII regions. Many of these simulations use moment-based methods to track radiative transfer processes using explicit solvers and are therefore subject to strict stability conditions regarding the speed of light, which implies a great computational cost. The cost can be reduced by assuming a reduced speed of light, and this approximation is now widely used to produce large-scale simulations of reionization. Aims. We m

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Sheehan, Peter M. F., Barbara Berx, Alejandro Gallego, et al. "Shelf sea tidal currents and mixing fronts determined from ocean glider observations." Ocean Science 14, no. 2 (2018): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-14-225-2018.

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Abstract. Tides and tidal mixing fronts are of fundamental importance to understanding shelf sea dynamics and ecosystems. Ocean gliders enable the observation of fronts and tide-dominated flows at high resolution. We use dive-average currents from a 2-month (12 October–2 December 2013) glider deployment along a zonal hydrographic section in the north-western North Sea to accurately determine M2 and S2 tidal velocities. The results of the glider-based method agree well with tidal velocities measured by current meters and with velocities extracted from the TPXO tide model. The method enhances th

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Droenen, Nils, and Rolf Deigaard. "ADAPTATION OF A BOUSSINESQ WAVE MODEL FOR DUNE EROSION MODELING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.31.

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In the present paper we consider the adaptation of the Boussinesq wave model MIKE21 BW to the case of dune ero-sion. The process of dune front erosion and redistribution of the eroded dune material was described by two separate models. Erosion was modeled as an effect of direct impact from wave fronts on the dune front and subsequently slumping. Redistribution of the slumped material was modeled using a simple power law model connecting the depth integrated flow velocity with the local sediment transport. The paper presents three model tests. First the model was tested against Deltaflume exper

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Chanona, Melanie, F. J. Poulin, and J. Yawney. "The stability of oceanic fronts in a shallow water model." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 785 (November 23, 2015): 462–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.640.

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We investigate mechanisms through which energy cascades from the mesoscale, $O(100~\text{km})$, to the submesoscale, $O(10~\text{km})$, for oceanic fronts in a reduced gravity shallow water model using two different profiles. The first idealization of an ocean front has an interfacial depth that is a smooth hyperbolic tangent profile and is an extension of the piecewise constant potential vorticity profile studied in Boss et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 315, 1996, pp. 65–84). By considering a range of minimum depths, all of which have the same velocity profile, we are better able to isolate the e

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Smith, Aaron, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Hjalmar Laudon, Marco Maneta, and Chris Soulsby. "Assessing the influence of soil freeze–thaw cycles on catchment water storage–flux–age interactions using a tracer-aided ecohydrological model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 8 (2019): 3319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3319-2019.

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Abstract. Ecohydrological models are powerful tools to quantify the effects that independent fluxes may have on catchment storage dynamics. Here, we adapted the tracer-aided ecohydrological model, EcH2O-iso, for cold regions with the explicit conceptualization of dynamic soil freeze–thaw processes. We tested the model at the data-rich Krycklan site in northern Sweden with multi-criterion calibration using discharge, stream isotopes and soil moisture in three nested catchments. We utilized the model's incorporation of ecohydrological partitioning to evaluate the effect of soil frost on evaporat

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Zhan, Yongxiang, Zheng Lu, Hailin Yao, and Shaohua Xian. "A Coupled Thermo-Hydromechanical Model of Soil Slope in Seasonally Frozen Regions under Freeze-Thaw Action." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7219826.

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Soil slope diseases in seasonally frozen regions are mostly related to water migration and frost heave deformation of the soil. Based on the partial differential equation defined using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, a thermo-hydromechanical coupling model considering water migration, ice-water phase change, ice impedance, and frost heave is constructed, and the variations in the temperature field, migration of liquid water, accumulation of solid ice, and deformation of frost heave in frozen soil slopes are analysed. The results show that the ambient temperature has a significant effect on t

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Kilpatrick, Thomas, Niklas Schneider, and Bo Qiu. "Atmospheric Response to a Midlatitude SST Front: Alongfront Winds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 9 (2016): 3489–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0312.1.

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Abstract Satellite observations and modeling studies show that midlatitude SST fronts influence the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and atmospheric circulation. Here, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model is used to explore the atmospheric response to a midlatitude SST front in an idealized, dry, two-dimensional configuration, with a background wind oriented in the alongfront direction. The SST front excites an alongfront wind anomaly in the free atmosphere, with peak intensity just above the MABL. This response is nearly quasigeostrophic, in contrast to the inert

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Matali, Sharmeela, Norazah Abd Rahman, Siti Shawalliah Idris, and Nurhafizah Yaacob. "Dynamic Model-Free and Model-Fitting Kinetic Analysis during Torrefaction of Oil Palm Frond Pellets." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 1 (2020): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.1.6985.253-263.

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Torrefaction is a thermal conversion method extensively used for improving the properties of biomass. Usually this process is conducted within a temperature range of 200-300 °C under an inert atmosphere with residence time up to 60 minutes. This work aimed to study the kinetic of thermal degradation of oil palm frond pellet (OPFP) as solid biofuel for bioenergy production. The kinetics of OPFP during torrefaction was studied using frequently used iso-conversional model fitting (Coats-Redfern (CR)) and integral model-free (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS)) methods in order to provide effective ap

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Trofimchuk, Elena, Manuel Pinto, and Sergei Trofimchuk. "Existence and uniqueness of monotone wavefronts in a nonlocal resource-limited model." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 150, no. 5 (2019): 2462–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prm.2019.31.

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AbstractWe are revisiting the topic of travelling fronts for the food-limited (FL) model with spatio-temporal nonlocal reaction. These solutions are crucial for understanding the whole model dynamics. Firstly, we prove the existence of monotone wavefronts. In difference with all previous results formulated in terms of ‘sufficiently small parameters’, our existence theorem indicates a reasonably broad and explicit range of the model key parameters allowing the existence of monotone waves. Secondly, numerical simulations realized on the base of our analysis show appearance of non-oscillating and

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CASSARO, P., F. SCHILLIRÓ, V. COSTA, G. BELVEDERE, R. A. ZAPPALÁ, and G. LANZAFAME. "THE ENGINE OF OUTFLOWS IN AGN: THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL TURBULENT VISCOSITY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 09 (2008): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808013248.

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Adopting the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical method, we performed a grid of evolving models of a 3D, axially symmetric, physically viscous accretion disc around a black hole (BH) in an AGN. In such disc models, the role of the specific angular momentum λ and of the physical turbulent viscosity parameter α, according to the Shakura and Sunyaev prescription, are examined. One or two shock fronts develop in the radial inviscid flow, according to the assigned initial kinematic and thermodynamic conditions. Couples of (α, λ) values determine radial periodical oscillations in the sho

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Markov, Andrey A., and I. A. Filimonov. "Effect of Initial Conditions and Numerical Investigation of Instability Developed during Synthesis of TiC via Vortex Combustion at Moderate Temperatures. Model of Vortex Combustion." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.591.

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Despite the fact that the classical theory of combustion (CTC) operates with the simplest, elementary objects and concepts, such as: flat or slightly curved combustion fronts, elementary combustion models and potential flows. there are some problems that the CTC is only facing with a sufficiently strong curvature of the front. For example, Markstein's solution in the problem of hydrodynamic instability of a plane combustion front. In the work presented by the authors, the problem of stabilizing the titanium carbide synthesis front at moderate temperatures, which cannot be plane due to the ther

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Katsumata, K., and S. Masuda. "Variability in Southern Hemisphere Ocean Circulation from the 1980s to the 2000s." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 9 (2013): 1981–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0209.1.

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Abstract Interannual-to-decadal variability of ocean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere was examined using data from the 1980s to the 2000s in a box inverse model to estimate transport across hydrographic sections and three ocean general circulation models (OGCMs). The westerly wind stress over the OGCM Southern Ocean showed a steady increase of 5%–8% decade−1. The meridional overturning circulation was quantified by the transport across 30°S. The OGCMs suggested a slight strengthening [from 0.2 ± 1.0 to 0.8 ± 1.3 Sv decade−1 (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1)] of the upper meridional cell (Deacon cell)

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Roberson, Ruth L., and John Siekmeier. "Using a Multisegment Time Domain Reflectometry Probe to Determine Frost Depth in Pavement Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1709, no. 1 (2000): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1709-13.

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Determining frost depth below the pavement is important for timely implementation of winter and spring load limits. Unfortunately, existing instruments such as resistivity probes, frost tubes, and moisture blocks are limited in terms of both data acquisition (automated and continuous measurements) and data interpretation. Consequently, a delay between data collection, interpretation, and dissemination of information occurs. A laboratory study was conducted by the Minnesota Department of Transportation to investigate the use of the Moisture Point probe as an instrument for locating the depth to

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Winkelmann, R., M. A. Martin, M. Haseloff, et al. "The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 1: Model description." Cryosphere 5, no. 3 (2011): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011.

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Abstract. We present the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK), developed at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research to be used for simulations of large-scale ice sheet-shelf systems. It is derived from the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (Bueler and Brown, 2009). Velocities are calculated by superposition of two shallow stress balance approximations within the entire ice covered region: the shallow ice approximation (SIA) is dominant in grounded regions and accounts for shear deformation parallel to the geoid. The plug-flow type shallow shelf approximation (SSA) dominates the velocit

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Chan, T. M., and W. M. To. "Modelling of Scattering from Balcony Fronts." Building Acoustics 9, no. 3 (2002): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/135101002320815684.

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Balconies are normally used in large auditoria such as concert halls or opera houses, to increase seating capacity or to give better view for a distinguished group of the audience. When ray-tracing based computer models are applied to study the acoustical quality of these auditoria, the alteration of the sound field due to balcony fronts is normally unobservable, because of the relative small size of the balcony fronts in the auditorium. Furthermore, most diffuse reflection ray-tracing methods are not based on direct wave acoustics but on an approximation of the scattering effect. In practice,

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Yarullin, R. R., V. N. Shlyannikov, and A. G. Sulamanidze. "The Crack Growth in the Imitation Model of a GTE Turbine Disk under Operating Loading Conditions." PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.mech/2021.2.18.

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The paper presents the experimental results of growing surface cracks in the turbine disk of a gas turbine engine (GTE) under cyclic tension at room and elevated temperatures. The geometry of the imitation model of the GTE turbine disk with a stress concentration zone in the form of a bolt hole was justified. In order to ensure the similarity of the initial damage of the imitation model and the GTE turbine disc in the plane of symmetry of the stress concentration zone, a semi-elliptical notch was made. The loading conditions of the imitation model were developed based on results of a comparati

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Yang, Dan, and Deborah J. Goodings. "Predicting Frost Heave Using FROST Model with Centrifuge Models." Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 12, no. 2 (1998): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-381x(1998)12:2(64).

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OR, A. C., and J. L. SPEYER. "Empirical pseudo-balanced model reduction and feedback control of weakly nonlinear convection patterns." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 662 (September 30, 2010): 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010002879.

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An empirical model reduction method is performed on nonlinear transient convection patterns near the threshold, using a pseudo-inverse-based projective method called the pseudo-balanced proper orthogonal decomposition (PBPOD). These transient patterns are large-scale amplitude/phase modulations in convection rolls, obtained by prescribing selected spatial input-shape functions. For the nonlinear convection patterns modelled, PBPOD appears to be very effective. Using the nonlinear front example, PBPOD is compared with other existing methods, such as POD and linearized BPOD. The limitations of t

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Laidre, Kristin L., Twila Moon, Donna D. W. Hauser, et al. "Use of glacial fronts by narwhals ( Monodon monoceros ) in West Greenland." Biology Letters 12, no. 10 (2016): 20160457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0457.

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Glacial fronts are important summer habitat for narwhals ( Monodon monoceros ); however, no studies have quantified which glacial properties attract whales. We investigated the importance of glacial habitats using telemetry data from n = 15 whales tagged in September of 1993, 1994, 2006 and 2007 in Melville Bay, West Greenland. For 41 marine-terminating glaciers, we estimated (i) narwhal presence/absence, (ii) number of 24 h periods spent at glaciers and (iii) the fraction of narwhals that visited each glacier (at 5, 7 and 10 km) in autumn. We also compiled data on glacier width, ice thickness

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Laveine, Jean-Pierre, and Louis Legrand. "Some Late Paleozoic medullosans substantiate the bifurcate semi-pinnate model of frond architecture. Reconstructing the frond of the genus Mixoneura." Palaeontographica Abteilung B 299, no. 1-6 (2019): 1–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/palb/2019/0063.

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Lin, X. B., and R. A. Smith. "Fatigue Growth Prediction of Internal Surface Cracks in Pressure Vessels." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 1 (1998): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841878.

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Fatigue crack growth was numerically simulated for various internal surface cracks with initially either semi-elliptical or irregular crack fronts. The simulation was directly based on a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses from which the stress intensity factors along the front of growing cracks were estimated. The fatigue crack growth law obtained from small laboratory specimens was incrementally integrated at a set of points along the crack front, and a new crack front was then re-established according to the local advances at this set of points by using a cubic spline curve.

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Winkelmann, R., M. A. Martin, M. Haseloff, et al. "The Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) – Part 1: Model description." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 3 (2010): 1277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-1277-2010.

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Abstract. We present the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK), developed at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research to be used for simulations of large-scale ice sheet-shelf systems. It is derived from the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (Bueler and Brown, 2009). Velocities are calculated by superposition of two shallow stress balance approximations within the entire ice covered region: the shallow ice approximation (SIA) is dominant in grounded regions and accounts for shear deformation parallel to the geoid. The plug-flow type shallow shelf approximation (SSA) dominates the velocit

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Liu, Naian, Jinmo Wu, Haixiang Chen, et al. "Effect of slope on spread of a linear flame front over a pine needle fuel bed: experiments and modelling." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 8 (2014): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12189.

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This paper experimentally evaluates the effect of slope on spread of a linear flame front over a pine needle fuel bed in still air. The slope angle of the fuel bed varied from 0 to 32°. The fuel mass consumption in flaming fire spread, temperature over the fuel bed, velocities of the flow around the flame front and heat fluxes (total and radiant) near the end of the fuel bed were measured. The mass loss rate and rate of fire spread both increased with increasing slope, whereas the fuel consumption efficiency varied in the opposite way. It was shown that a weak reverse inflow and an upslope win

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