Journal articles: 'Moderate-intensity exercise'

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Swain, David P. "Moderate- or Vigorous-Intensity Exercise." ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal 10, no. 5 (September 2006): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.fit.0000244891.55243.fc.

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Colakoglu, Muzaffer, Ozgur Ozkaya, and Gorkem Balci. "Moderate Intensity Intermittent Exercise Modality May Prevent Cardiovascular Drift." Sports 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6030098.

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Cardiovascular drift (CV-Drift) may occur after the ~10th min of submaximal continuous exercising. The purpose of this study was to examine whether CV-Drift is prevented by an intermittent exercise modality, instead of a continuous exercise. Seven well-trained male cyclists volunteered to take part in the study ( V ˙ O2max: 61.7 ± 6.13 mL·min−1·kg−1). Following familiarization sessions, athletes’ individual maximal O2 consumption ( V ˙ O2max), maximum stroke volume responses (SVmax), and cardiac outputs (Qc) were evaluated by a nitrous-oxide re-breathing system and its gas analyzer. Then, continuous exercises were performed 30 min at cyclists’ 60% V ˙ O2max, while intermittent exercises consisted of three 10 min with 1:0.5 workout/recovery ratios at the same intensity. Qc measurements were taken at the 5th, 9th, 12nd, 15th, 20th, 25th, and 30th min of continuous exercises versus 5th and 10th min of workout phases of intermittent exercise modality. Greater than a 5% SV decrement, with accompanying HR, increase, while Qc remained stable and was accepted as CV-Drift criterion. It was demonstrated that there were greater SV responses throughout intermittent exercises when compared to continuous exercises (138.9 ± 17.9 vs. 144.5 ± 14.6 mL, respectively; p ≤ 0.05) and less HR responses (140.1 ± 14.8 vs. 135.2 ± 11.6 bpm, respectively; p ≤ 0.05), while mean Qc responses were similar (19.4 ± 2.1 vs. 19.4 ± 1.5 L, respectively; p > 0.05). Moreover, the mean times spent at peak SV scores of exercise sessions were greater during intermittent exercise (1.5 vs. 10 min) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, intermittent exercises reduce CV-Drift risk and increases cardiac adaptation potentials of exercises with less physiological stress.

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Stevens, Daniel, Patrick J. Oades, Neil Armstrong, and Craig A. Williams. "Exercise metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise in children with cystic fibrosis following heavy-intensity exercise." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 36, no. 6 (December 2011): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h11-117.

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Muscle metabolism is increased following exercise in healthy individuals, affecting exercise metabolism during subsequent physical work. We hypothesized that following heavy-intensity exercise (HIE), disease factors in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) would further exacerbate exercise metabolism and perceived exertion during subsequent exercise. Nineteen children with CF (age, 13.4 ± 3.1 years; 10 female) and 19 healthy controls (age, 13.8 ± 3.5 years; 10 female) performed 10 bouts of HIE interspersed with 1 min of recovery between each bout. Three minutes later participants completed a 10-min moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) test (test 1). The MIE test was subsequently repeated 1 h (test 2) and 24 h (test 3) later. Each MIE test was identical and participants exercised at individualized work rates, calibrated by an initial graded maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, while metabolic and perceived exertion measurements were taken. Following HIE, mixed-model ANOVAs showed a significant difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between the 2 groups across the MIE tests (p < 0.01). In controls, VO2 (L·min–1) and RPE decreased significantly from test 1 to test 2 (p < 0.01) and test 2 to test 3 (p < 0.05). However, in children with CF, VO2 (L·min–1) increased significantly from test 1 to test 2 (p < 0.01), while RPE did not differ, both VO2 and RPE decreased significantly from test 2 to test 3 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, following HIE the metabolic and perceptual responses to MIE in both groups decreased 24 h later during test 3. These data show that children with mild-to-moderate CF have the capability to perform HIE and 24 h allows sufficient time for recovery.

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Arisanti, S., and B. A. Pramono. "Moderate Intensity Exercise Reduced Metabolic Diseases." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 180 (March 2017): 012176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/180/1/012176.

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Quelhas Martins, Amadeu, Maria Kavussanu, Adrian Willoughby, and Christopher Ring. "Moderate intensity exercise facilitates working memory." Psychology of Sport and Exercise 14, no. 3 (May 2013): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.11.010.

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Fernandes, Eduardo Vignoto, Celio Estanislau, and Emerson José Venancio. "MODERATE INTENSITY PHYSICAL EXERCISE: PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 24, no. 5 (September 2018): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182405185533.

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ABSTRACT The literature presents several instances of interaction between the nervous system (NS) and the immune system (IS). These interactions are promoted by several molecules, such as cytokines and hormones, with modulating action for both the NS and IS. In this sense, the two systems may influence each other: changes in behavior may be accompanied by alterations in the IS (e.g., immunosuppression) and immunological disorders, such as infections, may modulate behavior (e.g., anxiety and depression). Considering that chronic stress, in addition to affecting behavior, also modulates the IS and that there is evidence that moderate intensity physical exercise (PE) protects physical and mental health, the objective of this review is to explore the influence of moderate-intensity PE on behavior and immunity. Level of Evidence V; Expert opinion.

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Szymanski, Linda M., and Russell R. Pate. "FIBRINOLYTIC RESPONSES TO MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 14, no. 5 (September 1994): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199409000-00034.

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Szymanski, L. M., and R. R. Pate. "Fibrinolytic Responses to Moderate Intensity Exercise." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 15, no. 4 (July 1995): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199507000-00009.

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De Feo, P. "Is high-intensity exercise better than moderate-intensity exercise for weight loss?" Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 23, no. 11 (November 2013): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2013.06.002.

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Behm, David G., Dario Cappa, and Geoffrey A. Power. "Trunk muscle activation during moderate- and high-intensity running." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 34, no. 6 (December 2009): 1008–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h09-102.

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Time constraints are cited as a barrier to regular exercise. If particular exercises can achieve multiple training functions, the number of exercises and the time needed to achieve a training goal may be decreased. It was the objective of this study to compare the extent of trunk muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during running and callisthenic activities. EMG activity of the external obliques, lower abdominals (LA), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), and lumbosacral erector spinae (LSES) was monitored while triathletes and active nonrunners ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 60% and 80% of their maximum heart rate (HR) reserve, as well as during 30 repetitions of a partial curl-up and 3 min of a modified Biering-Sørensen back extension exercise. The mean root mean square (RMS) amplitude of the EMG signal was monitored over 10-s periods with measures normalized to a maximum voluntary contraction rotating curl-up (external obliques), hollowing exercise (LA), or back extension (ULES and LSES). A main effect for group was that triathletes had greater overall activation of the external obliques (p < 0.05), LA (p = 0.01), and LSES (p < 0.05) than did nonrunners. Main effects for exercise type showed that the external obliques had less EMG activity during 60% and 80% runs, respectively, than with the curl-ups (p = 0.001). The back extension exercise provided less ULES (p = 0.009) and LSES (p = 0.0001) EMG activity than the 60% and 80% runs, respectively. In conclusion, triathletes had greater trunk activation than nonrunners did while running, which could have contributed to their better performance. Back-stabilizing muscles can be activated more effectively with running than with a prolonged back extension activity. Running can be considered as an efficient, multifunctional exercise combining cardiovascular and trunk endurance benefits.

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Schneider, Margaret, and Priel Schmalbach. "Affective Response to Exercise and Preferred Exercise Intensity Among Adolescents." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 4 (April 2015): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0442.

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Background:Little information exists as to the exercise intensity that adolescents enjoy and whether identifiable subgroups of adolescents will choose higher-intensity exercise.Methods:Healthy adolescents (N = 74; mean age = 11.09 years) completed a cardiorespiratory fitness test, a moderate-intensity exercise task, and an exercise task at an intensity that felt “good.” Heart rate (HR), work rate (WR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed every 3 minutes.Results:During the “feels good” task, adolescents exercised at a HR recognized as beneficial for cardiovascular health (mean HR = 66% to 72% of HR at VO2peak). Adolescents who experienced a positive affective shift during the moderate-intensity task engaged in higher-intensity exercise during the feels-good task as compared with those whose affective response to moderate-intensity exercise was neutral or negative (76% of peak HR vs. 70% of peak HR, P < .01).There was no difference between groups in RPE.Conclusions:Adolescents tend to select an exercise intensity associated with fitness benefits when afforded the opportunity to choose an intensity that feels good. An identified subgroup engaged in higher-intensity exercise without a commensurate perception of working harder. Encouraging adolescents to exercise at an intensity that feels good may increase future exercise without sacrificing fitness.

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Racette, S. B. "Leptin Production during Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 2275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.82.7.2275.

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Croix, Claudette M. St, David A. Cunningham, Donald H. Paterson, and John M. Kowalchuk. "Peripheral Chemoreflex Drive in Moderate-Intensity Exercise." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 21, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h96-025.

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The purpose of this study was to measure the contribution of the peripheral chemoreceptor (pRc) to [Formula: see text] during the steady-state of moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise using continuous hyperoxic suppression of pRc drive, while stabilizing the drive from the central chemoreceptor by clamping end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) at the peak level attained during the hyperoxic period of a poikilocapnic ride. In the isocapnic protocol, the PETCO2 was maintained at a constant level by a negative feedback, open loop system. Five subjects completed four repetitions of each of the poikilocapnic and isocapnic protocols. In the poikilocapnic protocol, [Formula: see text] declined following the step into hyperoxia and then began to increase, whereas the decline in [Formula: see text] was maintained in the isocapnic protocol. However, the mean decrease in [Formula: see text] was not significantly different between the poikilocapnic (16.1 ± 5.0%) and isocapnic (14.9 ± 4.4%) protocols. These results suggest that the declining phase of [Formula: see text] is fully complete before the secondary central stimulating actions of hyperoxia on [Formula: see text] and that the pRc contributes about 15% of the drive to breathe in moderate intensity exercise. Key words: ventilatory control, carotid bodies, hyperoxia

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LOCKE, SEAN R., JESSICA E. BOURNE, MARK R. BEAUCHAMP, JONATHAN P. LITTLE, JULIANNE BARRY, JOEL SINGER, and MARY E. JUNG. "High-Intensity Interval or Continuous Moderate Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 10 (October 2018): 2067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001668.

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Safarinejad, Mohammad Reza, Kamran Azma, and Ali Asgar Kolahi. "The effects of intensive, long-term treadmill running on reproductive hormones, hypothalamus–pituitary–testis axis, and semen quality: a randomized controlled study." Journal of Endocrinology 200, no. 3 (December 3, 2008): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-08-0477.

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Effects of intensive exercise on hypothalamus–pituitary–testis (HPT) axis remain controversial. Our aim was to determine the effects of intensive, long-term treadmill running on reproductive hormones, HPT axis, and semen quality. A total of 286 subjects were randomly assigned to moderate-intensity exercise (∼60% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max); group 1, n=143) and high-intensity exercise (∼80% VO2max; group 2, n=143) groups. The two groups exercised for 60 weeks in five sessions per week, each session lasting 120 min. This was followed by a 36-week low-intensity exercise recovery period. All subjects underwent routine semen analysis. Blood samples were drawn for the determination of the levels of the following hormones: LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT), inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). The HPT axis was assessed using GnRH and human chorionic gonadotropin tests. After 24 weeks of exercise, the subjects exercising with high intensity demonstrated significantly declined semen parameters compared with those exercising with moderate intensity (P=0.03). Serum T and fT began to decrease, and serum SHBG began to increase at the end of 12 weeks with both moderate- and high-intensity exercises. The serum LH and FSH concentrations decreased below the baseline level at 12 weeks in both groups (P=0.07 in group 1 and 0.03 in group 2). Both groups had blunted LH and FSH responses to GnRH. These parameters improved to their pre-exercise level during the recovery period. Long-term strenuous treadmill exercises (overtraining syndrome) have a deleterious effect on reproduction.

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Kingwell, Bronwyn A., Karen L. Berry, James D. Cameron, Garry L. Jennings, and Anthony M. Dart. "Arterial compliance increases after moderate-intensity cycling." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 273, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): H2186—H2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.5.h2186.

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Exercise training elevates arterial compliance at rest, but the effects of acute exercise in this regard are unknown. This study investigated the effects of a single, 30-min bout of cycling exercise at 65% of maximal oxygen consumption on indexes of arterial compliance. Whole body arterial compliance determined noninvasively from simultaneous measurements of aortic flow and carotid pressure was elevated (66 ± 26%) at 0.5 h postexercise ( P = 0.04), followed by a decline to baseline 1 h after exercise. Aortic pulse-wave velocity, which is inversely related to compliance, was reduced (4 ± 2%; P = 0.04) at 0.5 h postexercise. Pulse-wave velocity in the leg decreased by 10 ± 4% at this time ( P = 0.01). Mean arterial pressure was unchanged; however, central systolic blood pressure was reduced postexercise ( P = 0.03). Cardiac output was elevated after exercise ( P = 0.007) via heart rate elevation ( P = 0.001), whereas stroke volume was unchanged. Total peripheral resistance was therefore reduced ( P = 0.01) and would be expected to contribute to an elevation in arterial compliance. In conclusion, a single bout of cycling exercise increased whole body arterial compliance by mechanisms that may relate to vasodilation.

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Lee, Harold H., Shira Dunsiger, Lauren Connell Bohlen, Holly K. Boyle, Jessica A. Emerson, and David M. Williams. "Age Moderates the Effect of Self-Paced Exercise on Exercise Adherence among Overweight Adults." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 3-4 (November 23, 2018): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318812139.

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Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that the effect of self-paced exercise on adherence to exercise programs is more pronounced with increasing age. Method: Fifty-nine low-active overweight adults (18-65 years) were encouraged to walk 30 to 60 min/day and randomized to either self-paced ( n = 30) or prescribed moderate-intensity ( n = 29) conditions. Results: The effect of study condition was moderated by age (main effect: b = 6.14, SE = 2.54, p = .02; Condition × Age: b = −11.55, SE = 3.77, p < .01), such that among participants >50 years, those in the self-paced condition exercised 6 more min/day than participants in the prescribed moderate-intensity condition ( p = .02), whereas among participants <50 years, those in the self-paced condition exercised 5.4 fewer min/day compared with those in the moderate-intensity condition ( p = .05). Affective response to physical activity did not mediate the moderating effect of age. Discussion: As age increases, adults may be more likely to adhere to self-paced versus prescribed moderate-intensity exercise.

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Andrews, Sophie C., Dylan Curtin, Ziarih Hawi, Jaeger Wongtrakun, Julie C. Stout, and James P. Coxon. "Intensity Matters: High-intensity Interval Exercise Enhances Motor Cortex Plasticity More Than Moderate Exercise." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz075.

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Abstract A single bout of cardiovascular exercise can enhance plasticity in human cortex; however, the intensity required for optimal enhancement is debated. We investigated the effect of exercise intensity on motor cortex synaptic plasticity, using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Twenty healthy adults (Mage = 35.10 ± 13.25 years) completed three sessions. Measures of cortico-motor excitability (CME) and inhibition were obtained before and after a 20-min bout of either high-intensity interval exercise, moderate-intensity continuous exercise, or rest, and again after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Results showed that high-intensity interval exercise enhanced iTBS plasticity more than rest, evidenced by increased CME and intracortical facilitation, and reduced intracortical inhibition. In comparison, the effect of moderate-intensity exercise was intermediate between high-intensity exercise and rest. Importantly, analysis of each participant’s plasticity response profile indicated that high-intensity exercise increased the likelihood of a facilitatory response to iTBS. We also established that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism attenuated plasticity responses following high-intensity exercise. These findings suggest that high-intensity interval exercise should be considered not only when planning exercise interventions designed to enhance neuroplasticity, but also to maximize the therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation. Additionally, genetic profiling may enhance efficacy of exercise interventions for brain health.

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Parmenter, M. A., M. M. Manore, and J. T. Daniels. "EPOC FOLLOWING HIGH INTENSITY INTERMITTENT AND MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS EXERCISE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (May 2001): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00416.

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Badenhop, Dalynn T., Meghan M. Long, C. Matt Laurent, and K. Todd Keylock. "High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-9.1.10.

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ABSTRACT Background: Past research has compared the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MCT) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation patients, but with conflicting results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if HIIT leads to greater improvements in functional capacity when compared with MCT in a group of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation patients. Methods: Eighteen patients in a phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation program completed precardiopulmonary and postcardiopulmonary exercise tests, a 12-min walk test (12MWT), and resting blood pressure (BP). After 2 weeks of run-in, patients were randomly assigned to 10 weeks of HIIT (alternating periods of 80%–90% heart rate [HR] reserve and 60%–70% HR reserve) or MCT (60%–80% HR reserve) exercise group. Changes in VO2 peak, 12MWT distance, and BP (mm Hg) were analyzed by independent t test. Results: The average patient was 65 years old, 1.75 m tall, and overweight. VO2 peak values improved for individuals in both exercise modalities. There was no significant difference between the exercise groups (P = 0.174). In addition, both groups improved their 12MWT distance, resting systolic, and diastolic BP (DBP), with no significant difference in improvements between the 2 exercise groups. Conclusion: In this study, HIIT was not more effective than MCT for improving functional capacity in a group of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation patients. However, since HIIT was equally effective compared with MCT in several measures, it provides another option for exercise prescription to the traditional prescription for this population.

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Wang, Chun-Chih, Chien-Heng Chu, I.-Hua Chu, Kuei-Hui Chan, and Yu-Kai Chang. "Executive Function During Acute Exercise: The Role of Exercise Intensity." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no. 4 (August 2013): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.4.358.

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This study was designed to examine the modulation of executive functions during acute exercise and to determine whether exercise intensity moderates this relationship. Eighty college-aged adults were recruited and randomly assigned into one of the four following groups: control, 30%, 50%, and 80% heart rate reserve. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was administered during each intervention. The results indicated that the majority of the WCST performances were impaired in the high exercise intensity group relative to those of the other three groups, whereas similar performance rates were maintained in the low- and moderate-intensity groups. These findings suggest that transient hypofrontality occurs during high-intensity exercise, but not during low- and moderate-intensity exercises. Future research aimed at employing the dual-mode theory, and applying the reticular-activating hypofrontality model is recommended to further the current knowledge.

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Gurd, Brendon J., Barry W. Scheuermann, Donald H. Paterson, and John M. Kowalchuk. "Prior heavy-intensity exercise speeds V̇o2 kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise in young adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 4 (April 2005): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01028.2004.

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The effect of prior heavy-intensity warm-up exercise on subsequent moderate-intensity phase 2 pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics (τV̇o2) was examined in young adults exhibiting relatively fast (FK; τV̇o2 < 30 s; n = 6) and slow (SK; τV̇o2 > 30 s; n = 6) V̇o2 kinetics in moderate-intensity exercise without prior warm up. Subjects performed four repetitions of a moderate (Mod1)-heavy-moderate (Mod2) protocol on a cycle ergometer with work rates corresponding to 80% estimated lactate threshold (moderate intensity) and 50% difference between lactate threshold and peak V̇o2 (heavy intensity); each transition lasted 6 min, and each was preceded by 6 min of cycling at 20 W. V̇o2 and heart rate (HR) were measured breath-by-breath and beat-by-beat, respectively; concentration changes of muscle deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (Hamamatsu NIRO 300). τV̇o2 was lower ( P < 0.05) in Mod2 than in Mod1 in both FK (20 ± 5 s vs. 26 ± 5 s, respectively) and SK (30 ± 8 s vs. 45 ± 11 s, respectively); linear regression analysis showed a greater “speeding” of V̇o2 kinetics in subjects exhibiting a greater Mod1 τV̇o2. HR, oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin were elevated ( P < 0.05) in Mod2 compared with Mod1. The delay before the increase in HHb was reduced ( P < 0.05) in Mod2, whereas the HHb mean response time was reduced ( P < 0.05) in FK (Mod2, 22 ± 3 s; Mod1, 32 ± 11 s) but not different in SK (Mod2, 36 ± 13 s; Mod1, 34 ± 15 s). We conclude that improved muscle perfusion in Mod2 may have contributed to the faster adaptation of V̇o2, especially in SK; however, a possible role for metabolic inertia in some subjects cannot be overlooked.

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Rejeki, P. S., A. Pranoto, R. E. Prasetya, and S. Sugiharto. "Irisin serum increasing pattern is higher at moderate-intensity continuous exercise than at moderate-intensity interval exercise in obese females." Comparative Exercise Physiology 17, no. 5 (September 14, 2021): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep200050.

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Lifestyle, unhealthy eating patterns, and low physical activity become trigger factors of obesity. Therefore, lifestyle modification with an exercise-based nonpharmacological approach is one of the strategies for combat obesity. This study aims to analyse the response of moderate-intensity interval and continuous exercise to irisin level increasing pattern on the obese female. A total of 21 obese females were enrolled in this study and given moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). ELISA was used to quantify the serum level of irisin in all samples. Statistical analysis was performed using one way-ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Mean irisin levels of pre-exercise at control (CON), MIIE, and MICE were 3.26±1.28l, 3.44±0.56 and 3.89±1.08 ng/ml, respectively (P=0.519). The mean irisin level of 10 min post-exercise was 2.99±0.86 ng/ml at CON, 4.82±1.01 ng/ml at MIIE, and 5.99±1.27 ng/ml at MICE (P=0.000). The mean irisin levels of 6 h post-exercise were 3.04±0.60, 4.56±0.87, and 5.73±1.02 ng/ml at CON, MIIE, and MICE, respectively (P=0.000). The mean irisin level of 24 h post-exercise was 3.04±0.91 ng/ml at CON, 4.64±0.69 ng/ml at MIIE, and 5.69±1.53 ng/ml at MICE (P=0.002). We conclude that the post-exercise serum irisin level increased in both MICE and MIIE subjects, and the post-exercise serum irisin level maintained higher in the MICE than in the MIIE in the obese female subjects.

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Rodrigues, Alesson, and Leonardo De Lucca. "Acute leptin response after high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous runs." European Journal of Human Movement 45 (2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2020.45.3.

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The possible direct role of exercise intensity and duration on leptin concentrations is conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of high intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate intensity continuous (MICE) exercise on plasma leptin response. Seven young volunteers underwent three tests: 1) a treadmill graded exercise test to identify running peak velocity (PV); 2) HIIE: 5 × 2 min work bouts at 90% of PV, interspersed by 2 min of passive recovery and; 3) MICE: 30 min at 70 % of PV. Blood samples were drawn for the assays of leptin before and 30 minutes after HIIE and MICE. A 2-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant main effect of time [F(1,6) =17,52; p=0,006], no significant effect of condition (type of exercise) (F(1,6) = 0,16; p = 0,68) and no significant interaction (condition × time) (F(1,6)= 0,48, p=0,51). Leptin decreased 30 min after HIIE (t= 2,95, p=0,025) and MICE (t=4,18; p=0,005). There was no difference between the HIIE and MICE conditions immediately after exercise (t=0,90; p=0,40). After HIIE and MICE, leptin decreased in the same magnitude. It appears that both exercise modalities result in physical stress which is sufficient to improve short-term leptin sensibility.

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Moriarty, Terence, Kelsey Bourbeau, Bryanne Bellovary, and Micah N. Zuhl. "Exercise Intensity Influences Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation during Cognitive Testing." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9080083.

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Activation changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions have been linked to acute exercise-induced improvements in cognitive performance. The type of exercise performed may influence PFC activation, and further impact cognitive function. The present study aimed to compare PFC activation during cognitive testing after moderate-intensity, high intensity, and yoga exercises, and to determine if PFC activation is linked to cognitive performance. Eight subjects (four male and four female), aged 35 ± 5 completed a control, high intensity, moderate intensity, and yoga exercises followed by administration of a cognitive task (NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition). Left and right PFC activation (LPFC and RPFC, respectively) were evaluated by measuring hemoglobin difference (Hbdiff) changes during post-exercise cognitive assessment using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Activation during the cognitive test was higher in the LPFC after moderate intensity exercise compared to control, high intensity, and yoga (5.30 ± 6.65 vs. 2.26 ± 2.40, 2.50 ± 1.48, 2.41 ± 2.36 μM, p < 0.05, respectively). A negative relationship was detected between LPFC and processing speed after exercise. PFC activation did not align with cognitive performance. However, acute exercise, regardless of type, appeared to alter neural processing. Specifically, less PFC activation was required for a given neural output after exercise.

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Bupha-Intr, Tepmanas, Jitanan Laosiripisan, and Jonggonnee Wattanapermpool. "Moderate intensity of regular exercise improves cardiac SR Ca2+ uptake activity in ovariectomized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 4 (October 2009): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00407.2009.

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The impact of regular exercise in protecting cardiac deteriorating results of female sex hormone deprivation was evaluated by measuring changes in intracellular Ca2+ removal activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in ovariectomized rats following 9-wk treadmill running exercise at moderate intensity. Despite induction of cardiac hypertrophy in exercised groups of both sham-operated and ovariectomized rats, exercise training had no effect on SR Ca2+ uptake and SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in hormone intact rat heart. However, exercise training normalized the suppressed maximum SR Ca2+ uptake and SERCA activity in ovariectomized rat heart. While exercise training normalized the leftward shift in pCa (−log[Ca2+])-SR Ca2+ uptake relation in ovariectomized rats, no effect was detected in exercised sham-operated rats. Similar phenomena were also observed on SERCA and on phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation levels; exercise training in ovariectomized rats enhanced SERCA expression to reach the level as that in sham-operated rats, in which there were no differences in SERCA and phospho-PLB levels between sedentary and exercised groups. In addition, the reduction in phospho-Thr17 PLB in myocardium of ovariectomized rats was abolished by exercise training. These results showed that regular exercise maintains the molecular activation of cardiac SR Ca2+ uptake under normal physiological conditions and is able to induce a protective impact on cardiac SR Ca2+ uptake in ovarian sex hormone-deprived status.

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Vargas, Nicole T., Christopher L. Chapman, Blair D. Johnson, Rob Gathercole, and Zachary J. Schlader. "Exercise intensity independently modulates thermal behavior during exercise recovery but not during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 1150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00992.2018.

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We tested the hypothesis that thermal behavior is greater during and after high- compared with moderate-intensity exercise. In a 27°C, 20% relative humidity environment, 20 participants (10 women, 10 men) cycled for 30 min at moderate [53% (SD 6) peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) or high [78% (SD 6) V̇o2peak] intensity, followed by 120 min of recovery. Mean skin and core temperatures and mean skin wettedness were recorded continuously. Participants maintained thermally comfortable neck temperatures with a custom-made neck device. Neck device temperature provided an index of thermal behavior. The weighted average of mean skin and core temperatures and mean skin wettedness provided an indication of the afferent stimulus to thermally behave. Mean skin and core temperatures were greater at end-exercise in high intensity ( P < 0.01). Core temperature remained elevated in high intensity until 70 min of recovery ( P = 0.03). Mean skin wettedness and the afferent stimulus were greater at 10–20 min of exercise in high intensity ( P ≤ 0.03) and remained elevated until 60 min of recovery ( P < 0.01). Neck device temperature was lower during exercise in high versus moderate intensity ( P ≤ 0.02). There was a strong relation between the afferent stimulus and neck device temperature during exercise (high: R2 = 0.82, P < 0.01; moderate: R2 = 0.95, P < 0.01) and recovery (high: R2 = 0.97, P < 0.01; moderate: R2 = 0.93, P < 0.01). During exercise, slope ( P = 0.49) and y-intercept ( P = 0.91) did not differ between intensities. In contrast, slope was steeper ( P < 0.01) and y-intercept was higher ( P < 0.01) during recovery from high-intensity exercise. Thermal behavior is greater during high-intensity exercise because of the greater stimulus to behave. The withdrawal of thermal behavior is augmented after high-intensity exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to determine the effects of exercise intensity on thermal behavior. We show that exercise intensity does not independently modulate thermal behavior during exercise but is dependent on the magnitude of afferent stimuli. In contrast, the withdrawal of thermal behavior after high-intensity exercise is augmented. This may be a consequence of an attenuated perceptual response to afferent stimuli, which may be due to processes underlying postexercise hypoalgesia.

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Miura, Hajime, Miduki Ishikawa, and Kenichi Deguchi. "Moderate-intensity Arm-cranking Exercise may not Improve Arterial Function in Healthy Adult Men." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 13 (September 18, 2018): 962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0664-8823.

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AbstractEndurance exercises, such as cycling or running, are useful for improving arterial function. However, people suffering from partial paralysis or arthritis are unable to perform these kinds of lower-limb exercises. In the present study, we explored the acute effect of upper-arm exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy men. Fourteen healthy adult men performed two experimental trials. The order of experiments was randomized between a 30-min arm-cranking exercise at 50% V̇O2max (A-trial) and a 30-min leg-cycling exercise at 50% V̇O2max (C-trial). The brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), brachial systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were obtained with subjects in the supine position. The baseline hemodynamic values were not markedly different between the two trials. Compared with the baseline value, the baPWV was significantly reduced at 30 and 60 min after the C-trial. In the A-trial, however, there were no significant changes in the baPWV throughout the trial. These results indicate that acute 50% V̇O2max arm-cranking exercise induced relatively little change in the baPWV, which was the opposite of the finding observed with leg-cycling exercise. Therefore, in order to improve arterial function via aerobic upper-arm exercises, the exercise mode/intensity or other approaches should be considered.

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Powers, S. K., D. Criswell, J. Lawler, D. Martin, F. K. Lieu, L. L. Ji, and R. A. Herb. "Rigorous exercise training increases superoxide dismutase activity in ventricular myocardium." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): H2094—H2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.6.h2094.

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Controversy exists as to the effect of endurance training on myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity. These experiments sought to clarify this issue by examining antioxidant enzyme activities in the rat ventricular myocardium in response to different intensities and durations of exercise training. Female Fischer-344 rats (120 days old) were assigned to either a sedentary control group or one of nine exercise training groups. Animals were exercised on a motorized treadmill for 10 wk; combinations of three durations (30, 60, and 90 min/day), and three levels of exercise intensity (low, moderate, and high) were studied. Exercise training did not alter (P > 0.05) citrate synthase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase activities in the right or left ventricle. In contrast, high-intensity exercise (all durations) and moderate-intensity exercise (90 min/day) resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05; +28–30%) in right ventricular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Similarly, high-intensity exercise training (all durations) resulted in a significant elevation (P < 0.05; +14-26%) of left ventricular SOD activity. Furthermore, low- and moderate-intensity exercise training of long duration (i.e., 60–90 min/day) resulted in significant increases (P < 0.05; +10-23%) in left ventricular SOD activity. These data support the hypothesis that high-intensity exercise (> or = 30 min/day) or moderate-intensity exercise of long duration (> or = 60 min/day) is effective in upregulating SOD activity in the ventricular myocardium.

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Pimenta, Flávia C., Fábio Tanil Montrezol, Victor Zuniga Dourado, Luís Fernando Marcelino da Silva, Gabriela Alves Borba, Wesley de Oliveira Vieira, and Alessandra Medeiros. "High-intensity interval exercise promotes post-exercise hypotension of greater magnitude compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise." European Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04114-9.

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Smith, Mike, Jason Tallis, Amanda Miller, Neil D. Clarke, Lucas Guimarães-Ferreira, and Michael J. Duncan. "The effect of exercise intensity on cognitive performance during short duration treadmill running." Journal of Human Kinetics 51, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0167.

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Abstract This study examined the effect of short duration, moderate and high-intensity exercise on a Go/NoGo task. Fifteen, habitually active (9 females and 6 males aged 28 ± 5 years) agreed to participate in the study and cognitive performance was measured in three sessions lasting 10 min each, performed at three different exercise intensities: rest, moderate and high. Results indicated significant exercise intensity main effects for reaction time (RT) (p = 0.01), the omission error rate (p = 0.027) and the decision error rate (p = 0.011), with significantly longer RTs during high intensity exercise compared to moderate intensity exercise (p = 0.039) and rest (p = 0.023). Mean ± SE of RT (ms) was 395.8 ± 9.1, 396.3 ± 9.1 and 433.5 ± 16.1 for rest, moderate and high intensity exercise, respectively. This pattern was replicated for the error rate with a significantly higher omission error and decision error rate during high intensity exercise compared to moderate intensity exercise (p = 0.003) and rest (p = 0.001). Mean ± SE of omission errors (%) was 0.88 ± 0.23, 0.8 ± 0.23 and 1.8 ± 0.46% for rest, moderate and high intensity exercise, respectively. Likewise, mean ± SE of decision errors (%) was 0.73 ± 0.24, 0.73 ± 0.21 and 1.8 ± 0.31 for rest, moderate and high intensity exercise, respectively. The present study’s results suggest that 10 min workout at high intensity impairs RT performances in habitually active adults compared to rest or moderate intensity exercise.

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Lemon, Peter W. R., Dennis G. Dolny, and Kevin E. Yarasheski. "Moderate Physical Activity Can Increase Dietary Protein Needs." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 22, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h97-032.

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Six healthy men completed three 1-hr bouts of treadmill Walk-jogging at low (L; 42 ± 3.9% VO2max), moderate (M; 55 ± 5.6%), and high (H; 67 ± 4.5%) exercise intensity in order to determine whether moderate physical activity affects dietary protein needs. Both sweat rate and sweat urea N loss were greater (p < .10) with increasing exercise intensity. Seventy-two hour postexercise urine urea N excretion was elevated (p < .05) over nonexercise control (26.6 ± 2.96 g) with both M (31.0 ± 3.65) and H (33.6 ± 4.39), but not L (26.3 ± 1.86), intensities. Total 72-hr postexercise urea N excretion (urine + sweat) for the. M and H exercise was greater than control by 4.6 and 7.2 g, respectively. This suggest that 1 hr of moderate exercrise increases protein oxidation by about 29-45 g, representing ∼16-25% of the current North American recommendations for daily protein intake. These data indicate that the type of exercise typically recommended for health/wellness can increase daily protein needs relative either to sedentary individuals or to those who exercise at lower intensities. Key words: dietary protein/amino acid requirements, exercise intensity, aerobic exercise, moderate exercise, health/wellness, nitrogen excretion, sweat, urine

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Konradi, Donna B., and Linda T. Anglin. "Moderate-Intensity Exercise: For Our Patients, For Ourselves." Orthopaedic Nursing 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006416-200101000-00009.

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Ciolac, E. G., V. O. Carvalho, and G. V. Guimaraes. "High-Intensity Interval vs. Moderate Steady-State Exercise." American Journal of Hypertension 23, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2010.108.

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Rimmer, D. W., D. J. Dijk, J. K. Wyatt, D. F. Dinges, and C. A. Czeisler. "MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE CAN IMPROVE VISUAL REACTION TIME." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-01778.

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Son, Wang Kuk, Wonsuck Yoon, Seunghyun Kim, Jung Hye Byeon, Jue Seong Lee, Dasarang Kim, Lim Jaehoon, Yangseok Chae, Sung Jin Yoon, and Young Yoo. "Can moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise ameliorate atopic dermatitis?" Experimental Dermatology 29, no. 8 (July 20, 2020): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.14138.

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Simmons, Rachel, and David P. Swain. "EPOC Following High Intensity Aerobic Intervals and Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487587.29051.7f.

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Angadi, Siddhartha, Cynthia Furmanek, Dameon Hahn, and Glenn A. Gaesser. "Postexercise Hypotension After Moderate-Intensity Continuous and High-Intensity Interval Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (May 2011): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000401234.12810.91.

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Schjerve, Inga E., Gjertrud A. Tyldum, Arnt E. Tjønna, Tomas Stølen, Jan P. Loennechen, Harald E. M. Hansen, Per M. Haram, et al. "Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults." Clinical Science 115, no. 9 (October 1, 2008): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20070332.

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Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85–95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60–70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed ‘high-intensity’ leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1α (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α) levels and improved Ca2+ transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.

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Buckley, David, and James Rowe. "Comparison Of High-Intensity Exercise And Continuous Moderate-Intensity Exercise On Postprandial Metabolism: Pilot Analysis." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000561623.85011.dc.

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Peake, Jonathan M., Sok Joo Tan, James F. Markworth, James A. Broadbent, Tina L. Skinner, and David Cameron-Smith. "Metabolic and hormonal responses to isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise and continuous moderate-intensity exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 307, no. 7 (October 1, 2014): E539—E552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00276.2014.

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This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. work-matched moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD) on metabolism and counterregulatory stress hormones. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 10 well-trained male cyclists and triathletes completed a HIIT session [81.6 ± 3.7% maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2 max); 72.0 ± 3.2% peak power output; 792 ± 95 kJ] and a MOD session (66.7 ± 3.5% V̇o2 max; 48.5 ± 3.1% peak power output; 797 ± 95 kJ). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 1 and 2 h postexercise. Carbohydrate oxidation was higher ( P = 0.037; 20%), whereas fat oxidation was lower ( P = 0.037; −47%) during HIIT vs. MOD. Immediately after exercise, plasma glucose ( P = 0.024; 20%) and lactate ( P < 0.01; 5.4×) were higher in HIIT vs. MOD, whereas total serum free fatty acid concentration was not significantly different ( P = 0.33). Targeted gas chromatography-mass spectromtery metabolomics analysis identified and quantified 49 metabolites in plasma, among which 11 changed after both HIIT and MOD, 13 changed only after HIIT, and 5 changed only after MOD. Notable changes included substantial increases in tricarboxylic acid intermediates and monounsaturated fatty acids after HIIT and marked decreases in amino acids during recovery from both trials. Plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( P = 0.019), cortisol ( P < 0.01), and growth hormone ( P < 0.01) were all higher immediately after HIIT. Plasma norepinephrine ( P = 0.11) and interleukin-6 ( P = 0.20) immediately after exercise were not significantly different between trials. Plasma insulin decreased during recovery from both HIIT and MOD ( P < 0.01). These data indicate distinct differences in specific metabolites and counterregulatory hormones following HIIT vs. MOD and highlight the value of targeted metabolomic analysis to provide more detailed insights into the metabolic demands of exercise.

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Tian, Shudong, Hong Mou, and Fanghui Qiu. "Sustained Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Inhibitory Control." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 7, 2021): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052687.

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This study examined the immediate and sustained effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bouts on inhibitory control in young adults. Participants (n = 41) engaged in (1) a session of HIIE, involving 10 one-minute runs on a treadmill at an intensity targeting 85–90% HRmax interspersed with self-paced walking at 60% HRmax; (2) a session of MICE, involving a 20 min run on a treadmill at an intensity of 60–70% HRmax; and (3) a control session, involving 24 min of resting on separate days in a counterbalanced order. Using a flanker task, inhibitory control was assessed before the intervention (t0), immediately after the session (t1), and then at 30 min (t2), 60 min (t3), and 90 min (t4) after the session. During the flanker task, the response time (RT) for incongruent trials immediately after HIIE was significantly shortened compared to that before exercise. This shortened RT was sustained for 90 min post-exercise during recovery from HIIE. Interference scores of RT were also reduced after HIIE, benefitting inhibitory control, and were maintained for 90 min post-exercise. Reduced accuracy interference scores were recorded following HIIE compared to the control session. Improvements in inhibitory control elicited by HIIE were sustained for at least 90 min post-exercise. In contrast, an improvement in inhibitory control was not observed during the MICE session. HIIE might represent a time-efficient approach for enhancing inhibitory control.

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Berger, Bonnie G., and David R. Owen. "Relation of Low and Moderate Intensity Exercise with Acute Mood Change in College Joggers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.611.

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This study investigated a possible relationship between exercise intensity and mood alteration that commonly is associated with physical activity. 91 college students completed the Profile of Mood States before and after 20 min. of jogging at three intensities: 55%, 75%, and 79% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate on different occasions. Exercisers also completed a demographic inventory, a Lie Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Contrary to our expectations, the interaction between exercise intensity and pre-post mood benefits was not significant. Supporting the manipulation of exercise intensity, the univariate interaction between exercise intensity and pre-post exercise scores on Fatigue was significant. Joggers reported short-term mood benefits on the combined subscales of the Profile of Mood States, and each subscale contributed to the benefits. Thus, regardless of the low- or moderate-intensity, participants reported that they “felt better” after exercising.

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Themistocleous, Irene C., and Manos Stefanakis. "High Intensity Interval Training or Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise in Patients with Myocardial Infarction?" Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise (AJNE) 2, no. 2 (November 16, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ajne.v2i2.1247.

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Objectives: To determine the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally causing a significant reduction in the quality of life of these patients. Participation of these patients in rehabilitation programs which involve a significant component of exercise seems to help by improving functional capacity and quality of life (QoL). Despite the beneficial effect of exercise, the type of exercise that yields the best results is yet to be determined.Methods: Three databases (MEDLINE, CINHAL and SportDirect) were searched in May-June 2017 for original articles regarding the effect of two types of exercise in patients with myocardial infarction. Randomized control trial studies which enrolled patients with myocardial infarction and studied the effects of HIIT and/or MICE, were included in this review. Data were extracted and summarised and all studies were assessed for bias.Results: Both forms of exercise seem to improve the relevant outcome measures such as functional capacity, QoL, walking distance, fatigue and function of the left heart. However HIIT seemed to be better in comparison with MICE in improving these outcomes. Several limitations and risk of bias have been identified and reported.Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICE are recommended for patients with MI. Further research is required to conclusively support the superiority of HIIT over other types of exercise.

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Hardy, Charles J., and Robert G. McMerray. "A/B Types and Psychophysiological Responses to Exercise Stress." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 11, no. 2 (June 1989): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.11.2.141.

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Ten Type A's and 10 Type B's, as measured by the student version of the JAS and the TASRI, exercised on a cycle ergometer for 20 minutes at light (40% V02max), moderate (60% V02max), and high (80% V02max) intensity exercise to determine A/B differences in psychophysiological responses. The norepinephrine and epinephrine responses of A/B types were similar at the light and moderate intensities. However, at the high intensity, norepmephrine response of Type A's was significantly greater than that of Type B's. Epinephrine responses (p=.ll) evidenced the same, albeit nonsignificant, trend. Oxygen uptake and heart rate data indicated that this amine difference was not a function of differential workloads, suggesting that Type A's had a greater psychophysiological reactivity to high intensity exercise than Type B's. Ratings of perceived exertion were similar for Type A's and B's at all intensities. However, a significant interaction between behavioral pattern and intensity emerged for affect. Interpretation of this interaction indicated that Type A's were more positive than B's at light and moderate intensities, yet at the high intensity exercise A's were more negative than B's. The results of this study suggest that A and B types do differ in their psychophysiological responses during exercise, with A's evidencing more positive affect during light and moderate intensities, yet more negative affect and greater neuroendocrine responses during high intensity exercise than B's.

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Sallam, Nada, Majid Khazaei, and Ismail Laher. "Effect of Moderate-Intensity Exercise on Plasma C-Reactive Protein and Aortic Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice." Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/149678.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as markers of low-grade inflammation and endothelial function in diabetic (db/db) mice. Control and db/db mice were divided into sedentary and exercised groups. Aortic endothelial function was evaluated after two- and six-week exercises using a wire myograph. Plasma CRP levels were measured at baseline, and after two and six weeks of exercise. Baseline plasma CRP levels were significantly higher in db/db mice compared to control (P<.05). After two weeks of exercise, aortic endothelial function was significantly improved without affecting body weight or plasma CRP levels. Six weeks of exercise not only improved endothelial function, but also significantly reduced body weight and plasma CRP levels in db/db mice. Thus short-term exercise has beneficial effect on endothelial function without reducing low-grade inflammation while more prolonged exercise periods are required to reduce inflammatory markers.

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Chu, I.-Hua, Pei-Tzu Wu, Wen-Lan Wu, Hsiang-Chi Yu, Tzu-Cheng Yu, and Yu-Kai Chang. "Affective Responses during High-Intensity Interval Exercise Compared with Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise in Inactive Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105393.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on affective responses in inactive women. Thirty women with normal body mass index (BMI) and 30 women with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 participated in the study. All participants completed a graded exercise test and performed two exercise sessions (HIIE and MICE) in random order. Affective responses were assessed during and after each exercise session, using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), Self-Assessment-Manikin (SAM), and Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES). The results showed that the RPE scores were significantly higher in HIIE than in MICE. HIIE resulted in significantly lower pleasure scores using the SAM while arousal and dominance scores were significantly higher with HIIE compared to MICE. Positive well-being scores using the SEES were significantly lower with HIIE and both psychological distress and fatigue scores were significantly higher with HIIE. The results showed that affective responses with MICE were more positive than with HIIE, but no differences were found between normal and overweight/obese women. Based on these results, MICE may be a more acceptable exercise program for inactive women regardless of their weight status.

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Khakroo Abkenar, Iman, Farhad Rahmani-nia, and Giovanni Lombardi. "The Effects of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Activity on the Signaling Pathway of the Inflammasome NLRP3 Complex in Young Men." Medicina 55, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55040105.

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Background and Objectives: The results of the studies show that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activity produce different responses of the immune system. This study aims to show how the signaling pathway of the inflammatory NLRP3 complex is influenced by the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercises in young men. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, 60 healthy (BMI = 23.56 ± 2.67) young (24.4 ± 0.4) students volunteered to participate in the study that was randomly divided into two experimental (n = 20) groups and one control (n = 20) group. The training protocol started with two intensity levels of 50% for a moderate group and 70% of maximum heart rate for high group for 30 min and then continued until reaching 70% (moderate group) and 90% (high group) of the maximum heart rate, respectively. Using Real Time-PCR method, the expression of NLRP3 gene and ELISA- were measured by IL-1β, IL-18. Results: The results showed that acute aerobic exercise with moderate intensity had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 gene and serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines (p > 0.05) when acute exercise, with high intensity, begins an initiation of the activity of the inflammatory complex with elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3 gene expression (p < 0.05). In addition, chronic exercise with moderate intensity significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 gene and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines (p < 0.05). In the case of chronic exercise with high intensity, a significant increase in expression of gene, NLRP3 and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, it can be concluded that chronic exercise with moderate intensity is effective in decreasing the expression of the inflammasome and inflammation.

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Byrd, Bryant R., Jamie Keith, Shawn M. Keeling, Ryan M. Weatherwax, Paul B. Nolan, Joyce S. Ramos, and Lance C. Dalleck. "Personalized Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training Combined with High-Intensity Interval Training Enhances Training Responsiveness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122088.

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This study sought to determine if personalized moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MICT) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective at improving comprehensive training responsiveness than MICT alone. Apparently healthy, but physically inactive men and women (n = 54) were randomized to a non-exercise control group or one of two 13-week exercise training groups: (1) a personalized MICT + HIIT aerobic and resistance training program based on the American Council on Exercise guidelines, or (2) a standardized MICT aerobic and resistance training program designed according to current American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. Mean changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and Metabolic (MetS) z-score in the personalized MICT + HIIT group were more favorable (p < 0.05) when compared to both the standardized MICT and control groups. Additionally, on the individual level, there were positive improvements in VO2max (Δ > 4.9%) and MetS z-score (Δ ≤ −0.48) in 100% (16/16) of participants in the personalized MICT + HIIT group. In the present study, a personalized exercise prescription combining MICT + HIIT in conjunction with resistance training elicited greater improvements in VO2max, MetS z-score reductions, and diminished inter-individual variation in VO2max and cardiometabolic training responses when compared to standardized MICT.

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Thum, Jacob S. "High-Intensity Interval Training Elicits Higher Enjoyment Than Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000518612.54727.0f.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Moderate-intensity exercise'

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