Academic literature on the topic 'Modern fortification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Modern fortification"
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Mykhalchenko, Serhii, and Valerii Tovbych. "PROSPECTS OF MODERN FORTIFICATION." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.268-276.
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The relevance of modern means of fortification and creation of new principles of spatial and urban planning solutions for special structures of defense, law enforcement and penitentiary systems, and border protection are investigated. It was researched that the presence of artificial intelligence, modern means of computer equipment and communications enables withdrawing human resources from the area of direct military clashes, and thus, the fortification will not have to protect a person on the battlefield anymore. Scientific and technological progress offers the latest firing systems with automatic target recognition and destruction. Thus, field fortification would enter the fundamentally new features that are not related to a person's protection from the means of destruction. Techniques for camouflage practicing, ensuring suddenness and the effectiveness of the use of defensive structures and devices would also become fundamentally new.
The techniques for disguising, ensuring suddenness and the effectiveness of the use of defensive structures and devices will also become fundamentally new. As it was mentioned in the article, nowadays, terrible future that was described by numerous futurists and anti-utopians is here already. The global information networks, hybrid warfare, encroachments not on the burnt desert but on the thinking of the population of countries being subjected to aggression. It is precisely clear that the peace agreements reached as a result of the Second World War have been grossly trampled over by the imperial claims of the Russian Federation. Thus, there is an urgent need for scientific research that will provide the further development of the fortification as a complete field of the military engineering.
The article points put that such investigations are likely to be carried out, but they are not advertised, as it should be in military affairs. The current state of affairs in Ukraine is really alarming. We are in a state of permanent armed conflict with an enemy who is stronger than us, practically protecting the world from the aggressive imperial encroachments of the Putin regime. It is a challenge for us: how to build defense, including fortifications. Meanwhile, there is only a loud embarrassment with so-called "Yatseniuk's wall".
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Bzhezovska, Nataliya. "FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF FORTIFICATIONS OF CASTLE STRUCTURES ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF SMALL CITIES IF THE PODILLYA OFTHE XVI-XVII CENTURIES." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.177-188.
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The article examines the evolution of the castle fortifications, which for each region and historical period had their own characteristic features and their relationship with the planning structure of small towns in Podillya. The features of the formation of fortification systems, which influenced the architectural and planning structure of the cities of Podillya at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries, are revealed. The castle`s fortification and fortification system of the cities of Berezhany, Zhovkva, Brody, Stanislav, Zbarazh, Medzhybozh and others are considered. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of changes in the fortification system of cities of the structural-typological level and the use of the modern bastion system, which supplanted the fortifications of the medieval type. The influence of these changes on the intensity of development of small cities in Podillya in the period of the XVI-XVII centuries is analyzed. Attention is focused on the formative influence of the fortifications of castle structures on the architectural and planning structure of cities, which was often decisive at the last stage of the formation of castles and their fortification. The process of uniting the castle and the city is considered, which went through different stages of re-planning: from placing the castle separately, through the interaction of fortification and up to the stage of obtaining a general outline of the city fortifications. The role of castle fortifications in the system of fortifications of the small cities of Podillya is determined. The influence of the development of fortifications of castles and their merger with the defense structure of the city on the urban planning process of the cities of Podillya of XVI-XVII centuries is investigated.
The formation of castle fortifications in the historical, architectural, town-planning aspects and their influence on the architectural and planning structure of the small cities of Podillya and significance of this influence for understanding the future development of small historical cities of Podillya are considered.
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Vadas, András. "Early Modern Forests and the Habsburg-Ottoman Wars." Central-European Studies 2020, no. 3 (12) (2021): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2020.3.1.
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Scholarship traditionally emphasises the destructive nature of wars on landscapes, with the impact of military activities on forests referred to most frequently. Modern weapons and, consequently, modern warfare have undoubtedly had a tremendous impact on landscapes. The American Civil War, the two World Wars and the Viet Nam War all fundamentally changed the landscape of the areas where they were fought. Two distinct problems regarding the impact of pre-modern warfare on forests are discussed in contemporary literature; the deliberate destruction of forests — that is scorched earth tactics — and the different war-related industries. The article approaches the second problem using the example of the western part of the Carpathian Basin in the early modern period. The area in question was affected by a period of war between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire (including the Kingdom of Hungary) that lasted approximately one and a half centuries. During this period (ca. 1540−1690), the Ottomans gradually expanded their power to part of this area. In order to secure the hinterlands on both sides, major fortification works began in the middle of the sixteenth century. According to the scholarship, this had a devastating impact on the forest resources in the area as most of the fortifications were built of wood. The article offers a methodology to study the impact of fortification works on forest resources, which, with some limitations, can be applied to other case study areas as well. The timber requirement of an individual earth and wood fortification can be estimated relatively easily, and by gathering a database on the fortifications in a certain area, drawn from existing scholarly opinion, the most important new sphere of timber consumption can be understood with at least a rough approximation. In this article, I will argue that the Habsburgs’ measures to protect the forests in the Kingdom was most probably not a sign of resource scarcity but in fact shows the beginning of conscious forest management.
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Sokyrko, Oleksii. "CITIES, FORTRESSES, GARRISONS. FORTIFICATION AND DEFENSE STRATEGIES IN THE COSSACK HETMANATE IN THE «MILITARIY REVOLUTION» PERIOD." City History, Culture, Society, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.04.089.
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Changes in the Early Modern military technologies have fundamentally affected the transformation in urban space: fortifications, planning, lifestyle of the inhabitants. At the same time, the development of new defence fortresses and the modernization of the old ones, the providing it by garrisons and artillery have become important elements of state policy. All these innovations were part of the «military revolution» in Europe. Its features in this had the important place in Eastern European states among them and the Cossack Hetmanate.The theatre of military operations on which the main enemy for a long time were the Tatars had led to the fact that most fortifications were wood-earthen.However, the development of firearms gradually forced to abandon brick and wooden fortifications of the frontal type. They were supplemented with elements of Western European fortification (bastions and ravelins), which increased the firepower of the fortress and its defensive capacity.At the same time, the Hetmanate did not have sufficient resources for largescale reconstructions of fortresses and the maintenance of permanent garrisons in them. The combination of these factors led to the fact that in the XVIII century fortification building in the Cossack Hetmanate passed into the hands of Russia and began to be used in the interests of the Empire.
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Korzh, A. A. "NEW RESEARCH OF FORTIFICATION OF THE BASIVKA HILL-FORT." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 42, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.01.10.
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Defensive structures are the integral part of any fortified settlement. Their study requires significant labor costs, so usually the earthen constructions haven’t received enough attention from the predecessors.
Basivka hill-fort is definitely the key settlement of the Scythian Age in the Sula River basin. Its total area is approximately 170 ha. The central, residential part is located on three well-fortified capes. Not all fortification areas were created simultaneously but had developed dynamically in time and space. Successful usage of natural topographic features at this settlement is combined with the basics of defense tactics.
Modern agricultural activity and dwelling construction led to significant damage,and in some places to the destruction of earthen structures of Basivka hill-fort. This is especially true of the Great Outer Rampart which is well-preserved only in the eastern part.
The complexity of the modern terrain and the significant forest cover were the determining factors that hindered the preparation of the most accurate topographic plan of this site. The paper presents a new plan of central fortifications but it also needs to be revised which is a matter of the future.
A separate issue of the work is devoted to the placement of ancient entrances, which, like the fortification in general, could change over time and move from the main to the role of secondary ones.
The paper highlights the results of excavations of the Great Basivka Rampart which were conducted in 2020—2021. It is ascertained that the defensive structures cover the cultural layer of the settlement. In general, valuable information was obtained regarding the development of fortifications in the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe of Dnieper Left-Bank area in the Scythian Age.
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Shulyk, Vasyl. "INDIVIDUAL ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENSIVE URBANISM IN THE POST-CONFLICT PERIOD." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 80 (May 30, 2022): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2022.80.511-523.
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The history of the development of military science shows that defense objects of long-term fortification need not only skill from the creators, but also a long time and significant financial costs for construction. Economic efficiency is usually not considered here, the expediency of such construction is strictly determined by an increase in the level of the country's defense capability.
With the change or improvement of the types of offensive weapons, it became necessary to reconstruct the defensive objects of long-term fortification or even dismantle them and build modern fortifications in their place.
With the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022, the occupants invaded the territory of Ukraine in certain directions. That is, it can be clearly indicated that the seizure of Ukrainian territory by the aggressor took place using the existing anthropogenic framework, which includes international and national main and local roads, railway lines of communication.
Experience shows that the country must have a system of fortified areas, defense positions, centers of resistance and strongholds, equipped with long-term fortifications and barriers, which must be built along the state border. At the same time, it is advisable to supplement the existing system of long-term fortification with the construction of dual-use engineering facilities (civilian and military) and the use of objects of natural or natural-anthropogenic origin, which improve the efficiency and environmental performance of such expensive structures.
Dual-use facilities should be able to quickly turn them into a defense facility. Land areas of natural origin (forest and wetlands) should also serve as defensive barriers. In the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine, it is advisable to use agro-recreational and agricultural production areas (rice plantations, plantations with fast-growing trees, etc.), which will be a significant addition to the main system of long-term fortification. This approach will increase the indicators of efficiency and environmental friendliness in the overall structure of defense facilities in Ukraine.
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Kaishev, V. G. "Food fortification – a modern principle of the food industry." Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 12 (December 25, 2020): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2020-12-70-76.
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Aim. To analyze the scientific and technical literature and identify ways to create a new generation of mass-consumption food products enriched with vital nutrients. Discussion. The main malnutrition of the Russian population is the excess of caloric intake over an indicator of the level of energy consumption. One of the ways to solve this problem is the production of functional food products or enriched functional products. The essence of this is that only those micronutrients that are really in short supply should be used in the fortification of products. These should be products of mass consumption, and especially those that undergo refining, which results in the loss of micronutrients. The use of raw materials and ingredients only of natural (animal, vegetable, mineral) origin, allows you to create active complexes that qualitatively change the physiological properties of the product, and can affect many product characteristics and processes such as physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and organoleptic characteristics of the product, the processes of color formation, fermentation, oxidation, storage capacity. However, sometimes a strong passion for enriching the product with useful macro- and micronutrients affects the taste characteristics. Conclusion. When developing recipes and technologies for new-generation products, it is necessary that the enrichment of the product with important and necessary elements does not worsen the organoleptic characteristics. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the safety of products without compromising consumer properties. The diet should contain all the necessary nutrients (nutrients) for a person in sufficient quantities and balanced with each other in the most favorable proportions.
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Bonacini, Elisa, and Alessandra Castorina. "The Storytelling of a Greek Fortification." International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcmhs.2017070105.
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Dating back to the late 5th century BC, Euryalos Castle, located near the modern town of Syracuse and connected to the ancient Dionysian walls, is the most important example of a Greek fortress in the Western world. Thanks to European funding, the Superintendence of Syracuse has developed a multimedia project for a digital enhancement of the site and a traditional museological project for the setting up of a little Antiquarium for archaeological objects, only recently opened. After a brief introduction on the history of Euryalos Castle, aim of this paper is to explain the multimedia project concept, its goals such as to make live this monument according to a modern digital storytelling, both in situ and via a storytelling application on izi.TRAVEL platform, and to find out if and what kind of impact this project had in allowing visitors to grasp the real evolution of the archaeological ruins and landscape and their history.
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Kamnik, Rok, Saša Djura Jelenko, Matjaž Perc Nekrep, and Marko Jaušovec. "Using Interdisciplinary Techniques for Digital Reconstruction of Anti-Turkish Fortification Watchtower." Land 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2022): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101756.
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Modern heritage protection goes beyond the mere protection of individual buildings and objects. Modern technologies and techniques of field data capture and visual (3D) presentations are increasingly penetrating this field and are becoming more and more essential and necessary for archives, cadastres, and users and visitors of museums, exhibitions, collections, and archaeological parks. In the area between Kotlje and Ravne na Koroškem, Slovenia, in 1476–1477, 9 to 10 anti-Turkish fortifications, called Turške Šance, reportedly were erected. The remains were left to decay slowly. This paper highlights the possibility of applying interdisciplinary data capture and 3D visualization techniques that are used in the fields of civil engineering and architecture for digital reconstruction of the anti-Turkish fortification as a case study in order to present them in the most contemporary way and emphasize them on a local, regional, national, and international level. Unfortunately, similar remains elsewhere in Europe are primarily ignored (with some notable exceptions). The digital reconstruction of anti-Turkish watchtowers therefore represented an extended reconstruction to revive that part of the historical heritage of Slovenia using the proposed techniques.
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Katsianis, Markos, Stamatina Lampraki, Anna-Maria Theocharaki, Maria Pigaki, Leda Costaki, and Evantia Papaefthimiou. "Reconnecting a Fragmented Monument through Digital Mapping: The City Walls of Athens." Studies in Digital Heritage 2, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/sdh.v2i2.24440.
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The fortifications of Athens have been a recurrent theme of archaeological investigation. In the past two centuries, parts of the walls have been located during rescue interventions at numerous sites in the urban fabric. At present, the visibility of the entire monument remains rather low as the traces of the walls are hidden beneath the modern city, marginalized within larger archaeological sites or preserved entirely by record. Despite the high level of scholarly work devoted to synthesize the available material, the volume of information accumulated over the years requires a novel approach that would systematize different types of evidence using digital media. In this respect, we attempt to revisit the city walls of Athens through the use of geospatial technologies. We target the informed development of an efficient GIS platform to record, store, integrate, explore and eventually disseminate resources on the Athenian fortifications. Our research employs published and archival sources (e.g. excavation drawings) in combination with historical maps (e.g. early cadastral maps, first maps of modern Athens) and complementary historical evidence (e.g. writings, illustrations, photography) to locate, document and integrate in space and time available data on lost and surviving fortification remains.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modern fortification"
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NGUYEN, VU TRONG THI. "Vietnam Citadel system under the Nguyễn dynasty and the case of Quảng Trị Citadel." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242961.
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Alla fine del XVIII secolo e fino al XIX secolo, la dinastia di Nguyễn ha importato le tecniche militare Europee in Vietnam con l’intento di costruire un solido sistema di difesa con 31 Cittadelle e altre fortezze Quêste cittadelle della dinastia Nguyễn nascono sulla scia del modello europeo diffuso dagli architetti militari Italiani nel 1500 con l’aggiunta della presenza della tradizione locale, vedi la filosofia Feng-shui. Tra le Cittadelle del Vietnam, quella di Quảng Trị deteneva un ruolo strategico importante per la difesa dell’intero Vietnam. Dopo il bombardamento di “81 giorni e notti” nella guerra contro gli Americani nel 1972, la Cittadella restava quasi totalmente distrutta. E da allora diviene il monumento più importante della provincia di Quảng Trị,
Attualmente, il sistema della Cittadelle del Vietnam ha un’influenza importante sullo sviluppo del turismo. E l’investimento per la conservazione e il restauro delle Cittadelle è ritenuto necessario, al fine di proteggerle dai danneggiamenti del tempo, della natura e dell’uomo. Tuttavia, la mancanza di una buona conoscenza dell’origine storica e delle modalità di conservazione hanno creato difficoltà per il loro recupero; e anche a Quảng Trị esistono gli stessi problemi.
Con la mia tesi ho proposto uno studio sullo sviluppo della fortificazione moderna in Europa e quindi sulla costruzione del sistema delle Cittadelle in Vietnam allo scopo proprio di una migliore conoscenza e comprensione di un fenomeno fortemente collegato alle origini di quelle fortificazioni. In un'altra parte importante del mio lavoro, la tesi rivolge uno sguardo specifico all’architettura e alla storia della Cittadella di Quảng Trị, finalizzandolo soprattutto a soluzioni idonee allo sviluppo del quadro economico turistico di Quảng Trị e del suo territorio, che ha rappresentato un momento fondamentale nella storia della demarcazione tra il Vietnam del Nord e il Vietnam del Sud.Since the late of 18th century to the first half of 19th century, Nguyễn dynasty had brought the European military technique to Vietnam and set up a solid foundation for Vietnamese defence with 31 Citadel and many smaller fortresses. Nguyễn dynasty’s Citadels were formed with the especial forms from European fortification models, which had been spread over Europe during 16th and 17th centuries. This combination between the Eastern and Western culture gave to Vietnam a solid defensive system throughout the 19th century. Particularly, among the Vietnam Citadels, Quảng Trị Citadel had an important role for the formation of Vietnam today, from the protection to the independence of Vietnam territory. In the bombing of American during “81 days and nights” battle in 1972, the Citadel was almost destroyed. However, the 200 years of existence's histories were turned Quảng Trị Citadel to the most famous relic of Quảng Trị province. Currently, Vietnam Citadels system has a great influence for Vietnam tourism development. The investments for the Citadels conservation are necessary to protect them out of the damage by time, nature and human. However, the lack of the well understanding and databases of their history and architectures have been giving the difficulties for the development and conservation of Nguyễn dynasty's Citadels. Could not have been avoided, Quảng Trị Citadel is also facing with the standstill on conservation, restoration and development. In purpose to improve the understanding of the fortification system of Nguyễn dynasty, this thesis proposes the development of modern fortification in Europe, and the formations of Vietnam Citadels system. In another purpose, the thesis will target for a specific look of Quảng Trị Citadel’s architecture and histories to bring a new vision for the future development studies of Quảng Trị Citadel and Quảng Trị tourism, which represented a fundamental moment in the history of separation of Vietnam during Vietnam Wars.
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Caillat, Gérard. "Ville modèle, modèles de ville. Nîmes (1476-1789)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30073.
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La notion de modèle renvoie à un mode de représentation, à l’exemplarité, et à une méthode d’investigation. À la quête d’une identité, la ville projette sous diverses formes une représentation d’elle-même. Les historiens superposent à cette idéalisation initiale un ou des schémas d’interprétation qui leur permettent de développer leurs propres thématiques. Nîmes apparaît ainsi tour à tour comme l’exemple de la colonie latine, la ville renaissante en admiration devant son propre passé, la place forte huguenote défendant la liberté religieuse, la ville des Lumières déployée autour des vestiges de l’Augusteum. Aujourd’hui, l’exceptionnelle conservation de ses monuments antiques suggère que la romanité s’inscrit dès l’origine et immuablement dans le paysage et dans l’imaginaire urbain. Les archives consulaires permettent d’établir au contraire une lente maturation, scandée par les perturbations violentes des guerres civiles et par les évolutions des systèmes de défense. La ville de Nemausus est familière, mais lointaine et inappropriée juridiquement. Le corps politique préfère s’appuyer sur le privilège consulaire, créé par les comtes de Toulouse, et sur le statut particulier des États de Languedoc pour représenter la communauté. Profondément réformé en 1476, le consulat canalise le débat politique local jusqu’à la Révolution. Quand, au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, l’expansion industrielle montre les limites de son droit sur l’espace, il trouve les moyens d’infléchir les choix du pouvoir royal en matière d’urbanisme. La thèse, qui couvre de manière équivalente les trois siècles de la période moderne, est organisée en deux parties : l’identité de la ville et la construction du paysageThe notion of model refers to a mode of representation, to an exemplary nature, and to a method of investigation. In the search of an identity, the city projects by different ways a representation of itself. The historians stack upon this idealized image one or several outlines of their own themes. Nimes appears so alternately as the example of the Latin colony, the Renaissant city filled with admiration for its own past, the fortified town Huguenot fighting for the religious freedom, the city of the Enlightenment spread around the vestiges of Augusteum. Today, the exceptional preservation of its antique monuments suggests that Romanity remained unchanged from the very beginning in the landscape and in the urban imagination. The archives of the consuls allow to establish on the contrary a slow maturation, accellerated by the violent disturbances of the civil wars and by the evolutions of defence systems. The city of Nemausus is familiar, but distant and legally worthless. The political body prefers to use the consular privilege, created by the counts of Toulouse, and on the particular status of the States of Languedoc to represent the community. Profoundly reformed in 1476, the consulate channels the local political debate until the Revolution. When, in the middle of the XVIIIth century, the industrial expansion shows the limits of its right on the space, it finds the means and the capacity to bend the choices of the royal power in town planning. The thesis, which covers in a equivalent way the three centuries of modern period, is organized in two parts, the identity of the city and the construction of the landscape
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Lallau, Etienne. "La mise en défense de l'ensemble fortifié de Coucy (Aisne) et l'introduction de l'artillerie à poudre : histoire et archéologie d'une modernisation (fin du XIVè-milieu du XVIIè siècle)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H085.
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L'objectif de cette thèse consistait à déterminer la nature des aménagements liés à l'adaptation à l'artillerie à poudre de l'ensemble fortifié de Coucy, en particulier de la ville, et à appréhender chronologiquement ces développements. Il n'existait pas, en amont de ce travail, d'étude archéologique et architecturale d'envergure relative à cette période et portant sur ces questions. La destruction des archives municipales lors de la Première Guerre mondiale, puis celle des archives départementales lors du conflit suivant, explique en partie ce manque. Un bilan des connaissances s'est donc imposé. Ce travail devait déterminer le contexte historique d'émergence des travaux et les conditions dans lesquelles les chantiers se sont déroulés. Parallèlement, la compréhension du système de mise en défense de Coucy passait aussi par l'étude de ses acteurs. Notre démarche visait à confronter les données matérielles de terrain et les données testimoniales, iconographiques et graphiques. Les données matérielles ont été récoltées directement sur le terrain par le biais d'une analyse archéologique du bâti complétée par des fouilles archéologiques sur deux secteurs de l'enceinte urbaine à fort potentiel. Enfin, à travers un corpus de sites fortifiés soigneusement choisis pour lesquels des mentions d'aménagements existent, il a été possible de comparer les différentes solutions défensives à l'échelle régionale et d'éclairer certains travaux propres à Coucy et mal datés. De plus, cette méthode devait clarifier le rôle stratégique de la place. À l'issue de ces travaux, nous sommes désormais en mesure de proposer une image plus précise de l'évolution défensive de la place et d'en comprendre les enjeuxThe present thesis aimed at investigating the site evolution related to the adaptation to the powder artillery in the fortification of Coucy, in particular the city walls, and at identifying the chronology of this evolution. Prior to this work, there was no strong enough archeological study for this period and dealing with these matters. The destruction of the municipal archives during the first world war, and of the departmental ones along the following conflict, partially explains this lack of data. Therefore, a report on current knowledge was necessary. This work had to determine the historical context of emergence of the fortification work, and the conditions under which it was carried out. In parallel, understanding the defensive system of Coucy required the study of ail players involved. Our approach consisted in confronting material and testimonial data. Material data were directly collected on the field and treated by a building archeology analysis, completed by excavations on two sectors of the city walls with great potential. Finally, the evolution of the fortifications in Coucy was better understood by a comparative analysis. Indeed, through a carefully chosen corpus of fortified sites, it has been possible to compare the local defensive solutions with the regional ones and to define and properly date some work related to Coucy. Furthermore, this method had to clarify the strategic rule of Coucy. To conclude, the present work allowed us to offer a clearer picture of the defensive development of Coucy, and to understand the related stakes
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Morelle, Nicolas. "L'évolution de l'architecture militaire du Deccan (Inde) dans les forts de Firozabad, Torgal, Naldurg et Bellary." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0575/document.
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Une étude architecturale à travers quatre monographies des forts du Deccan (Inde), Naldurg, Torgal, Firozabad et Bellary dans le contexte des échanges interculturels (Orient-Occident) au sein de la culture technique de la guerre (fortification, artillerie, rôle des défenses, gestion de l’eau) dans la société médiévale et moderne indienne.Finalement, cette thèse cherche à définir les spécificités de l’architecture militaire du Deccan du 14ème au 18ème siècle, comme l’aboutissement technique de la défense médiévale et moderne en IndeArchitectural studies of four forts of Deccan (India): Naldurg, Torgal, Firozabad and Bellary in the context of intercultural exchange (between East-West) in the technical culture of war (fortification, artillery, defenses role, water management) in the medieval and modern Indian society.Finally, this study seek to define specificities of the military architecture of Deccan from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century, as the technical outcome of medieval and modern defense in India
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Brodier, Sébastien. "L'histoire d'une place forte à l'époque moderne : Givet." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIML002.
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Cette étude vise à rendre, à travers l'exemple de Givet, toute la complexité de l'objet historique place forte à l'époque moderne. Givet a été choisi en raison de deux singularités dont il importe de rendre compte. De 1555 à 1680, il est placé sous la souveraineté des Habsbourgs de Madrid, alors maîtres des "pays de par-deçà". Après 1680, il fait partie du royaume de France. Ce passage sous la bannière des fleurs de lys n'est pas remis en question durant le reste de la période. Il permet par conséquent d'analyser dans quelle mesure il constitue une rupture pour chacun des éléments qui structurent la vie de la place forte. Une autre singularité de Givet réside dans ses liens avec la principauté épiscopale de Liège. Ceux-ci, antérieurs à la période, ne se disloquent que sous la Révolution. La volonté d'appréhender sur la longue durée l'évolution de chacun des éléments autour desquels s'organise la vie d'une place forte fait que plusieurs axes d'étude sont suivis en parallèle. Le premier concerne l'ensemble fortifié. Est étudiée la manière dont les principes de la "Trace italienne" sont mis en œuvre pour le constituer, puis le perfectionner. Les choix effectués par les souverains successifs au sujet des fortifications givetoises relèvent cependant de bien d'autres choses que de simples considérations techniques. Comprendre leur réelle portée implique de reconstituer l'évolution du contexte stratégique, mais aussi financier. L'étude d'une place forte est aussi celle de son personnel militaire. La prosopographie permet d'éclairer les évolutions que connaissent le groupe des individus chargés de son commandement, ainsi que celui des responsables techniques. Pour les hommes de troupes, les comptes sont plus utiles. Il en est de même pour les relations économiques entre les civils et l'armée. Les premiers trouvent un réel bénéfice dans ces rapports. Celui-ci n'est pas annulé par les éventuels désordres sociaux ou religieux générés par la présence de militairesThis study aims to render, through the example of Givet, all the complexity of the historical object strong place in early modern period. Givet has been chosen because of two peculiarities which matter to account for. From 1555 to 1680, it is placed under the sovereignty of the Habsburg of Madrid, at that time masters of the "pays de par-deçà". After 1680, it is part of the kingdom of France. This passage under the banner of the flowers of lily hasn't been questioned during the rest of the period. It allows accordingly analysing in which measure it constitutes a breaking for each of the elements that structure the life of the strong place. Another particularity of Givet rests in its links with the Episcopal principality of Liege. These one, former to the period, don't break up before the Revolution. The will of apprehending on the long duration the evolution of each of the elements around which gets the life of the strong place gets organised makes that several axis of study have been followed parallel. The first concerns the fortified whole. Is studied the way of which the principles of "Trace italienne" are brought into operation to constitute it, then to improve it. Choices made by the successive sovereigns relating to fortifications of Givet reveal however a lot of other things than simple technical considerations. To understand their real bearing involves reconstructing the evolution of strategic context, but financial too. The study of a strong place is also this of its military personal. Prosopography permits to throw lights on the evolutions that know the group of the individuals who are in charge of its command, and the one of the technical responsibles. In the case of soldiers, accounts are more useful. It is the same thing for economical relations between civilians and the army. The firsts find a real benefice in these connections. This one is not cancelled by the eventual social or religious disorders generated by the presence of servicemen
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Mollo, Giuseppe. "La genesi di Delle fortificationi di Carlo Theti con particolare riguardo ai manoscritti dresdensi (Mscr.Dresd.Ob.14, Ob.15 e Ob.16-17)." Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70941.
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Il matemathicum Theti redige il suo primo trattato a partire dagli anni Sessanta, dopo aver appreso i rudimenti dell’arte della guerra ed essersi accostato all’ingegneria militare sotto la guida di due valenti capitani d’arme: i fratelli Pompeo e Prospero Colonna. L’interesse di Carlo Theti nei riguardi della teoria è ormai cosa affermata, poco nota invece è la struttura dei suoi Discorsi di fortificatione che vengono qui presentati ed analizzati in una loro esauriente articolazione, ponendo particolare attenzione al contenuto dei manoscritti conservati nella Sächsische Landesbibliothek –Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek di Dresda. Il Libro Settimo, in particolare, illustra con esempi l’esperienza compiuta dal Theti in vari contesti territoriali, in cui si rifletteva un forte interesse per le questioni che riguardavano le difese di frontiera. Il contributo si sofferma sulla funzione dei disegni che accompagnano i pareri di Carlo Theti rispettivamente: sull’assedio di Arlem, sul castello di Anversa, la Goletta di Tunisi, la rocca di Ostia, la capitale Vienna e le fortezze del limes ungherese di Jvar e Canisia. I manoscritti analizzati confermano che il trattato e il trattatista si collocano entro le coordinate di un dibattito sull’architettura fortificata che proprio nella seconda metà del Cinquecento si fa ricco di eventi e proposte. Egli a differenza degli altri appare un precursore della moderna storiografia, avverte la necessità di approfondire come teorico una tematica per molti versi dibattuta, e con tale scelta egli andava confrontandosi su un terreno che era perseguito da uomini d’arme e ingegneri militari. Al Theti si può dunque attribuire la caratteristica della professione di esperto super partes, di consigliere di principi e militari che hanno creduto e che fondavano il proprio sapere su una conoscenza tutta empirica dei fenomeni.
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Jelena, Milešević. "Razvoj prediktivnog modela obogaćivanja prehrambenih proizvoda vitaminom D u Srbiji." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110223&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Kreirana je specijalizovana baza podataka o sadržaju vitamina D koja sadrži 981 analitički podatak prikupljen iz evropskih baza podataka, od čega je 658 (67%) izraženo u formi ukupnog vitamina D. Podaci o svim vitamerima pronađeni su za meso, obogaćene namirnice/formulacije i za ribu, dok su podaci o D3 pronađeni za ribu, meso i mlečne proizvode. Podaci o sadržaju vitamina D, iz srpske baze podataka o sastavu namirnica (BPSN), ažurirani su za ukupno 541 namirnicu, jelo i dijetetski suplement.Da bi se upotpunio kvalitet podataka o vitaminu D u srpskoj BPSN, određen je sadržaj vitamina D u svežim konzumnim kokošijim jajima proizvedenim na teritoriji Srbije. Analizirana su jaja iz intenzivne proizvodnje i iz malih domaćinstava. Analize su izvedene u laboratoriji Danskog Tehničkog Univerziteta (DTU) standardizovanom HPLC metodom. Sadržaj vitamina D u jajima iz intenzivne proizvodnje iznosio je 5,78 μg/100g, a u jajima iz slobodnog uzgoja 2,99 μg/100 g. Izračunati prosečni sadržaj vitamina D u svežim jajima iznosio je 4,39 μg/100 g te je ovaj podatak unet u srpsku BPSN.Uobičajeni unos vitamina D analiziran je programom SPADE u populaciji koju su činili ispitanici iz četiri regiona Srbije, ukupno 605 odraslih, od toga 54% žena. Ustanovljeno je da uobičajeni prosečni unos vitamina D iznosi 4±1,4 μg/dan, kod muškaraca 4,3±1,5 μg/dan, a kod žena 3,7±1,2 μg/dan, što je znatno niže od preporučenih vrednosti od 10 μg/dan za procenjene prosečne potrebe (Estimated Average Requirement-EAR) i 15 μg/dan za adekvatni unos (Adequate Intake –AI). Čak 95% srpske populacije ne dostiže EAR vrednosti.Analiza ishrane srpske populacije pokazala je da su glavni nutritivni izvori vitamina D jaja, riba, meso i mlečni proizvodi. Konzumacija obogaćenih namirnica vitaminom D (obogaćenih i biljnih mleka, kakao praha, obogaćenih sokova, margarina i instant žitarica) identifikovana je kod trideset petoro ispitanika. Prateći kriterijume za odabir adekvatnih namirnica za obogaćivanje, a za potrebe dizajniranja prediktivnog modela, odabrano je 70 namirnica koje su sortirane u sedam karakterističnih grupa: beli hleb, mleko, jogurt, sir, pavlaka, jaja i paradajz pire.Prediktivni model obogaćivanja namirnica baziran je na matematičkoj formuli kojom se izračunava količina vitamina D (fc) koju treba dodati određenoj namirnici, odnosno grupi namirnica. Izračunata količina zavisi od tri faktora:- prosečne konzumacije date namirnice, ili grupe, u gramima na n-tom percentilu populacije,- njenog (njihovog) procentualnog udela u dnevnom energetskom unosu,- unosa vitamina D (u μg/dan) na n-tom percentilu.Odabrano je sedam scenarija koji su simulirani da bi se validirala efektivnost „dodavanja“ vitamina D radi dostizanja preporučenih nutritivnih vrednosti. U optimalnom scenariju, AI je dostignut na 65. percentilu populacije, a unos vitamina D na 95. percentilu populacije bio je ispod 25 μg/dan. U maksimalnom scenariju, 50% populacije bilo je između AI i gornjeg tolerisanog nivoa nutritivnog unosa (Upper Tolerable Intake Level-UL), pri čemu niko nije dostigao UL vrednosti. Na ovaj način definisane su optimalne i maksimalne količine vitamina D koje se mogu dodati odabranim namirnicama da bi se zadovoljile potrebe, odnosno korigovao unos vitamina D kod srpske populacije.A specialized database on the content of vitamin D was created with 981 analytical data on vitamin D content obtained from European databases, of which 658 (67%) were expressed as total vitamin D. The data (for all vitamins) were mainly found for meat, enriched foods/formulations and fish, while D3 data was identified for fish, meat and dairy products. Updating data on vitamin D content in Serbian food composition database (FCDB) was done in 541 foods, dishes and dietary supplements. To enhance the quality of data in Serbian FCDB, content of vitamin D in fresh eggs from the farm and domestic production on the territory of Serbia has been determined. Analysis was performed in Danish Technical University-DTU, Denmark, using standardized HPLC method. Eggs from the farm contained 5.78 μg vitamin D/100 g, while domestic eggs were 2.99 μg vitamin D/100 g, and the average vitamin D content in fresh eggs - 4.39 μg/100 g which value was inserted into Serbian FCDB. The usual dietary intake of vitamin D was analyzed using the SPADE program in the survey covering 605 adult respondents from four regions of Serbia, of which 54% were women. The average intake of vitamin D was found to be 4±1.4μg/day, which is 4.3±1.5 μg/day for men and 3.7±1.2 μg/day for women, and is significantly lower than the recommended Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) values (10 μg/day) and Adequate Intake (AI) values (15 μg/day). As many as 95% of Serbian population are not reaching the EAR values. Nutritional analysis of Serbian diet has shown that the main sources of vitamin D are eggs, fish, meat and dairy products. Consumption of vitamin D-fortified foods (fortified and plant milk, cocoa powder, fortified juices, margarine, and instant cereals) was identified in 35 subjects. Following the criteria for selecting adequate foods for fortification, for the needs of designing the model, 70 foods were selected that were sorted into 7 characteristic food groups: white bread, milk, yoghurt, cheese, sour cream, eggs and tomato puree.The prediction model of food fortification is based on a mathematical formula that calculates the amount of vitamin D (fc) to be added to a particular food group in accordance with:- the amount of consumption of that food vector and- the percentage factor in the total energy intake of the considered foods (food vectors) in the observed population,- the intake of vitamin D on n-th percentile.Seven scenarios were simulated to validate the effect of addition of vitamin D toward reaching the given reference values. In the optimal scenario, AI was reached at the 65th percentile of the population, and vitamin D intake at 95th percentile was below 25 μg/day. In the maximum scenario, 50% of the population was between AI and Upper Tolerable Intake Level (UL), while none has reached UL values. This defines the ranges of optimal and maximum values of vitamin D that, by being added to the chosen food-vectors, can help in reaching vitamin D requirements of Serbian population.
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Li, Qingwei. "Decision Support Models for Design of Fortified Distribution Networks." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3206.
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Lean distribution networks have been facing an increased exposure to the risk of unpredicted disruptions causing significant economic forfeitures. At the same time, the existing literature contains very few studies that examine the impact of fortification of facilities for improving network reliability. This dissertation presents three related classes of models that support the design of reliable distribution networks. The models extend the uncapacitated P-median and fixed-charge location models by considering heterogeneous facility failure probabilities, supplier backups, and facility fortification within a finite budget. The first class of models considers binary fortification via linear fortification functions. The second class of models extends binary fortification to partial (continuous) reliability improvement with linear fortification. This extension allows a more efficient utilization of limited fortification resources. The third class of models generalizes linear fortification to
nonlinear to reflect the effect of diminishing marginal reliability improvement from fortification investment. For each of the models, we develop solution algorithms and demonstrate their computational efficiency. We present a detailed discussion on the novelty of the proposed models. The models are intended to support corporate decisions on the design of robust distribution networks using limited fortification resources.
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Guinand, Julien. "Faire la guerre pour le roi aux portes de l'Italie : (1515-1559)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2109.
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La pratique de la guerre de l’armée royale sous François Ier et Henri II a longtemps été perçue dans l’historiographie comme peu adaptée à un art militaire moderne vu comme associé à l’usage des armes à feu de l’infanterie. Le poids des traditions chevaleresques ainsi que le manque d’un art militaire approfondi sont vus comme décisifs dans ce manque d’innovation. À l’opposé, un autre courant historiographique perçoit cette pratique de la guerre comme plus violente, car plus moderne avec un emploi de fantassins et de mercenaires laissant libre court à une culture du carnage et à un ensauvagement encore jamais vu. Elle s’oppose ainsi à la guerre médiévale jugée comme plus contrôlée. Ce travail questionne alors toute la praxis de la guerre des gens du roi et de ses peuples afin de trouver la juste mesure de leur engagement. Le choix du théâtre d’opérations des portes de l’Italie, entre le Rhône et le Pô, à la frontière sud-est du royaume de France est arrêté comme espace d’étude. Sa marginalité géographique et l’âpreté de son relief offrent une situation atypique pour envisager le fait guerrier. Comme il y est poussé dans ses retranchements humains, matériels et logistiques, il nous permet d’envisager toutes ses facettes. Le service de tous répond aux impératifs militaires et aux efforts de guerre attendus. Il est surtout intéressé et vécu de façons collective et indivuelle. Il n’est pas improvisé par simple témérité. Il est à comprendre dans les échanges des hommes et des corps constitués avec la Couronne et le roi. Il laisse donc percevoir l’organisation des compétences entre l’État monarchique et les autorités locales. Il met à jour leurs évolutions. Enfin, il concerne la foule des gens engagés dans le métier des armes et des non-combattants qui vivent les épreuves des affrontements. Cette étude est donc celle d’une société en guerre affrontant la conjoncture militaire avec ses héritages et ses innovations et rejetant l’idée d’une opposition binaire entre guerre médiévale et guerre moderneWar in the royal army under Francis I and Henry II has long been perceived in historiography as poorly adapted to modern military requirements, which are closely associated with the use of firearms and the infantry. The weight of the chivalrous traditions and the lack of a complex military art seem decisive in this lack of innovation. On the other hand, another historiographical movement sees this practice of war as more violent and modern, with the use of foot soldiers and mercenaries giving rise to a culture of carnage and a level of savagery never seen before. It is thus opposed to medieval warfare, which was more controlled in appearance.This work questions the praxis of war of the king’s men and population in order to find the right level of their commitment. The Italian border, between the Rhone and the Po, in the southeastern part of the kingdom of France was chosen as the theatre of operations to be studied in this work. Its geographical marginality and the harshness of its relief offer an atypical situation to study the war in its complexity. Human, material, and logistical resources tested to their limits allow us to consider all the aspects of war. Everyone’s service can only be the result of a careful thought process. It mirrors the military imperatives and the expected war effort, and it is lived in both collectively and individually. It is not improvised by mere temerity. It is to be understood through the exchanges between men and State bodies comprising the Crown and the King. It thus reveals the organization of competences between the monarchical State and the local authorities. It updates their evolutions. Lastly, it concerns the crowd of people engaged in the military and non-combatants alike, who experience the ordeals of confrontations. The latter participated in making them live their conflicts through that of the king. This study is therefore that of a society at war confronting military conjunctures with its legacy and innovations, and it rejects the idea of a binary opposition between medieval war and modern war
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Lelarge, Astrid. "La diffusion des projets de voies de circulation concentriques. Les multiples versions d'une forme urbaine générique à Bruxelles, Genève et Reykjavík (1781-1935)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238207.
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C’est une étude d’histoire de l’urbanisme, une recherche qui appréhende la manière dont se constitue le paysage urbain par le biais de l’implantation d’une forme urbaine. Il s’agit d’une analyse historique qui vise à comprendre pourquoi et comment une forme s’est imposée dans différentes villes et à la définir par l’étude des différents projets qui y ont été élaborés sur une longue période. Cette forme est la voie de circulation concentrique. C’est une voie de communication ayant pour caractère principal de contourner un territoire donné et de le former. Qualifiée de « boulevard » en français et de « route annulaire » dans les langues germaniques (« ring road » en anglais, « ringstrasse » en allemand, « hringbraut » en islandais), c'est une forme mal connue qui s'est déployée dans de nombreuses villes européennes durant l'époque contemporaine et qui continue fréquemment d'être aménagée. L'étude retrace l'histoire de la diffusion et de l'implantation de cette forme urbaine depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle jusqu'à la première moitié du XXe siècle par le biais des projets élaborés par les architectes et les ingénieurs pour Bruxelles, Genève et Reykjavík. Et la thèse exposée est la suivante :la voie de circulation concentrique est une forme urbaine générique à la diffusion grandissante qui se décline en une multitude de versions à l’époque contemporaine. En d’autres termes, il n’y a pas un boulevard circulaire ou une ring road mais des boulevards circulaires ou des ring roads aux origines diverses, aux morphologies et aux typologies variées, aux fonctions multiples et parfois contradictoires car conçues pour servir des objectifs parfois opposés. Des voies de circulation concentriques ayant pour point commun d’adopter les principes élémentaires de la forme (contourner et former) hérités des circulations concentriques envisagées en lien avec les fortifications urbaines, des circulations déjà auparavant préconisées par la théorie de l’aménagement pour des raisons défensives.Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Books on the topic "Modern fortification"
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Morgan, William N. Earth architecture: From ancient to modern. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.
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Earth architecture: From ancient to modern. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.
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Morgan, William N. Earth architecture: From ancient to modern. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.
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E, Kaufmann J., and Donnell Clayton, eds. Modern European military fortifications, 1870-1950: A selective annotated bibliography. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2004.
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Castles: A history of fortified structures : ancient, medieval & modern. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2011.
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Schofield, A. J. Modern military matters: Studying and managing the twentieth-century defence heritage in Britain : a discussion document. York: Council for British Archaeology, 2004.
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Best, Elsdon. The pa Maori: An account of the fortified villages of the Maori in the pre-European and modern times, illustrating methods of defence by means of ramparts, fosses, scarps and stockades. Wellington, N.Z: Te Papa Press, 2005.
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Duffy, Christopher. The fortress in the early modern world, 1494-1660. London: Routledge, 1996.
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1951-, Cauchies Jean-Marie, and Guisset Jacqueline, eds. Du métier des armes à la vie de cour, de la forteresse au château de séjour: Familles et demeures aux XIVe-XVIesiècles. Turnhout: Brepols, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Modern fortification"
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Hanlon, Gregory. "Modern fortification and its impact." In European Military Rivalry, 1500–1750, 47–62. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428913-3.
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Büchi, Tobias. "Fortification and Town Structure. Wilhelm Dilich’s Peribologia (1640) and its Connection to Fortification Theory in the Low Countries." In Early Modern Urbanism and the Grid, 63–75. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.archmod-eb.4.00201.
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Pasichnyi, V., A. Marynin, O. Khrapachov, and D. Shvediuk. "Modern Packaging Systems Application to Extend Meat Products Shelf Life." In Bioenhancement and Fortification of Foods for a Healthy Diet, 295–323. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003225287-19.
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Krajnik, Damir, and Lea Petrović Krajnik. "Models of Bastion Fortifications Integration in Cities." In Cultural Urban Heritage, 407–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10612-6_26.
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Jambon, Yannick. "Quand la sociabilité urbaine traverse les fortifications. L’intégration des habitants des faubourgs á la vie de l’urbs dans la France moderne." In Extra muros, 251–72. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412515164.251.
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da Conceição, Margarida Tavares, and Renata Malcher de Araujo. "Early modern fortification." In The First World Empire, 34–50. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429346965-4.
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Delgado, James P., Tomás Mendizábal, Frederick H. Hanselmann, and Dominique Rissolo. "Fortification and Control, 1903–2015." In The Maritime Landscape of the Isthmus of Panamá. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062877.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 examines the era of U.S. control of the isthmus, the construction of the Panamá Canal, its impacts and fortification, the end of the American era, and the rise of modern Panamá and its maritime activities.
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De Boever, Arne. "Conclusion." In Finance Fictions. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823279166.003.0008.
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Tying the economic and political dimensions of the book together, the conclusion surveys the work that has been accomplished in the previous chapters and suggests that the contemporary economic situation that has been analyzed is the product of an economic defense system that has produced “stock market fortification.” By this term, the chapter refers to those financial strategies that have sought to immunize the stock market against loss. In practice, such strategies have made the market less stable. The chapter calls such strategies “fortifications” following the analysis of early-modern fortifications that can be found in W. G. Sebald’s novel Austerlitz. In the end, this book takes it up for a philosophical, economic, and political “negative” that contemporary approaches to the stock market seek to deny. It is from this negative—from the precariousness of the market and of life—that our forms of life need to be rethought.
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"From the Classroom to the Battlefield—Jesuit Teachings on Fortification Building in Early Modern Europe." In Jesuits and Fortifications, 69–184. BRILL, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004223783_003.
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Adigun, Johnson Oyeranmi, Lukman Raimi, and Rufai Mohammed Mutiu. "Fortification of Policing in Nigeria Using ICT Backbone for Strategic Competitive Advantage." In Handbook of Research on IT Applications for Strategic Competitive Advantage and Decision Making, 1–16. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3351-2.ch001.
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This chapter discusses fortification of policing in Nigeria leveraging information communication and technology (ICT) backbone for strategic competitive advantage. The need to embrace ICT-enhanced policing in Nigeria becomes imperative because insecurity, robbery, kidnapping, terrorism, and insurgency have taken a new dimension and have gone sophisticated as criminal elements have deployed high-tech approach such as mobile technology and internet technology for exploiting and unleashing criminal activities on the society. To reduce incessant and unpleasant proliferation of modern crime, the situation calls for the fortification of existing policing approach in Nigeria using information communication technologies. This exploratory study is an attempt at strengthening the traditional policing approach to be able to meet the insecurity challenges currently being faced and facing the society. The implication of the study is that the incidences of insecurity, terrorism, and insurgency can effectively be rendered prostrate and managed in effectively through the use and application of ICT. Notably among the proposal for an ICT-enhanced policing is the concept of virtual community policing that explores the availability of mobile devices for easy and effective crime reporting and crime control in Nigeria.
Conference papers on the topic "Modern fortification"
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Veizaj, Denada, Gjergji Islami, and Andrea Maliqari. "Albanian bunkers. Modern fortifications built in socialism." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11492.
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During the communist regime of Enver Hoxha, Albania built nearly 200 000 bunkers as a measure of protection towards an imaginary attack from (un)known enemies of the Popular Socialist Republic. Most of these structures built in concrete are still part of the landscapes almost in every part of the territory. While the most common type is small and identified from the semi spherical shape, particular bunkers have quite large dimensions and specific features related to their function and location. During the last five years, three of the most unique modern fortifications built during socialism for the displacement of the governmental authorities in case of war, were revealed and made accessible to the public. These structures, transformed today in museums, cultural spaces or simply visitable attractions, are the symbol of an auto-referenced reality within Europe, where the paranoia produced an unusual typology of modern age fortifications. These bunkers, planned to withstand twentieth century military attacks, are extraordinary structures in terms of engineering and building features, and at the same time they represent a very valuable heritage related to the history of communism in Albania. This article aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the fortification of the Albanian territory during the twentieth century as an overall country defence plan, while focusing on the governmental bunkers in order to understand how the ideological differences with the rest of the world created the need for protection and produced an amazing military infrastructure. The discussion on the future of these structures seems to be strongly related to the ability of recognising these modern fortifications on the Mediterranean as cultural heritage.
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Cornell, Per. "Town and Fortification in the Early Modern. A complex relation-ship." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11525.
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Which is the relationship between town and fortification? In a traditional perspective this has largely been considered a question of defense of the civilian population. However, this factor, though certainly important in several cases, cannot be seen as the only relevant factor addressing the problem. There are also other traditional explanations. One of these relates to questions of paying custom for selling and buying items. The fortified enclosure would make control of payment easier. A third factor, also frequently mentioned has to do with general control of a population inside the walls, i.e. controlling movement. These factors, but also several others, will be briefly discussed in relation to a set of primary examples from the Swedish realm, but also certain examples beyond the Swedish context, mainly taken from the Mediterranean macro-region. Most certainly, the relative relevance of various factors is not always the same, and this variability may be of major importance when addressing major fortification. Accepting for variability will allow us to start to understand better certain general problems, and will illustrate the importance of looking closer at the evidence (in form of texts, drawings, tangible remains, etc.).
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Yanez Pacios, Roberto T. "MODERN FORTIFICATION AND WARFARE: GRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE SIEGE OF FUENTERRABIA (1638)." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b41/s15.099.
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Columbu, Stefano, Gianfranco Carcangiu, and Fabio Sitzia. "The ancient mortars and geomaterials of tower fortification of Nora (Pula, Sardinia, Italy)." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1755.
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Korichi, Amina. "Identification and valuing the Spanish fortification in Algeria. Case of the town of Bejaia." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1737.
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Spallone, Roberta, and Fabrizio Zannoni. "The Citadel of Turin: geometric design and underground archaeological evidence." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11466.
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The Citadel of Turin (1564) is one of the first pentagonal modern fortification. For over two centuries it was the fulcrum of Turin defences, finally unarmed and largely dismantled during the second half of the nineteenth century. However, the lower sections of main defences and detached works were spared and buried inside the filled ditches, as well as the underground countermine system. Significant historical drawings, documenting the building of external defences are selected aiming to recognize geometric criteria that rules the subsequent phases, and to relate the designed fortification with the archaeological evidence.
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Depalmas, Anna, and Stefano Columbu. "The coastal fortification of Cape de Forma (Menorca, Spain): petrophysical characterization and alteration of stones and ancient mortars." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1758.
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Fajar, B. A., K. A. Putri, and A. Y. Persada. "Effect of Ration Fortification from Tofu Waste, Crabs and Curcuma Longa on Feed Intake, Feed Conversion and Organoleptic Properties of Broiler Chicken Meat." In 2nd International Conference on Science, Technology, and Modern Society (ICSTMS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210909.045.
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Piemonte, Andrea, Denise Ulivieri, Federico Capriuoli, Gabriella Caroti, and Stefano Bennati. "Integrated geomatic survey and virtual reality navigation engines for the historical-architectural analysis. The paradigmatic case of a "Modern Age" fortification: the Fortezza Vecchia in Livorno." In 2018 Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (MetroArchaeo). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroarchaeo43810.2018.9089831.
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Nesterov, Tamara, Sergiu Musteață, and Andrei Gherțen. "Castelul Tighina al Cetății Bender: Geografia, istoria, arheologia, arhitectura și studierea controversată a complexului fortificat." In Cercetarea și valorificarea patrimoniului arheologic medieval. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/idn-c12-2022-132-153.
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The controversial and in many ways mysterious history of the Bender Fortress – one of the largest fortified complexes in the Black Sea region – has long attracted the attention of specialists in various fields of historical sciences. However, due to the fact that the fortress continued to be used according to its original destination (part of the territory is still occupied by a military garrison, in 2008 the complex was partially opened for visits), full field research began only in last years. The Tigina-Bender fortification was gradually formed and developed throughout the medieval and modern periods. The site occupies a vast territory, fortified with earth and stone bastions, adjacent to the bank of the Dniester a rectangular stone citadel. Its origin is uncertain, but the development stages could be recognized by the architectural elements. Authors of this paper based on the available sources, they try to re-evaluate the dating, architecture and history of the fortification system at Tigina-Bender. Only a few written sources have proven to be the cornerstone of the official history of Tigina Castle and Bender Fortress. These are the memoirs of the Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi, who visited Bender in 1655, naming Mimar Sinan, who accompanied the sultan in his campaign to punish the Moldavian ruler Petru Rareș, the city’s architect, in 1538. Construction of the complex. The construction of the Bender fortress by the Turkish architect should be called into question due to the numerous historical information, in which there are no reports of the construction of a castle in Tigina after 1538, espe cially considering the mentions of the locality long before this year. The history of Tigina Castle, built on the banks of the Dniester and known from the writings of contemporaries in the period before the sixteenth century, when according to other historical accounts received the new name, in the twentieth century was replaced by scientific opinion with that of the fortress. Bender. This „change of origins” has been accepted by most historians, due to the method of study: the exclusive use of documentary information and selective and total trust in the content of texts, neglecting the research of documents with other information, to which is added the scarcity of published documents regarding Tigina and Bender. In the case of the use of the fortress after the original destination and insistence of the historians who supported the Turkish origin of the Bender fortress, claiming material evidence of the fortress’s antiquity for a long time was not possible. The interdisciplinary research of the fortified complex Tigina-Bender, at the intersection between architecture, archeology, history and geography would allow the creation of the correct evaluation of the cultural heritage monument. Of great importance, for solving complex problems in the history of architecture are archaeological research, analysis of old maps and plans, which, as a whole, are invaluable sources on the history, geography and toponymy of the Northwest Black Sea region, studied so far in fragments. The complex analysis of the architecture of the Bender fortress, whose complete study has not yet been completed, confirms the hypotheses identified during the preliminary historical, cartographic and archaeological research regarding the presence at Tigina of the fortification prior to the conquest by the Ottoman Porte.
Reports on the topic "Modern fortification"
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Andrade, Juan E., Abu Noman Mohammed Atahar Ali, Reajul Chowdhury, Benjamin Crost, Vivian Hoffmann, Shoumi Mustafa, and Nabila Afrin Shaima. Rice fortification in Bangladesh: Technical feasibility and regulatory requirement for introducing rice fortification in public modern storage/distribution of fortified rice through PFDS channels. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134540.
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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.
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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784