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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modern personality'
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Dunlop, William Lewis. "Personality traits, motivation, and the making of modern identity." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44543.
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What is the nature of personhood? How is identity best understood? In this dissertation, these questions are explored. Drawing upon a conception of personality in which behavioral traits, goal motivation, and identities are recognized as equal and complementary partners, two proposals are considered. First, it is argued that insights into many psychological phenomena can be enhanced through tandem consideration of the aforementioned personological elements. Second, it is argued that personal identity is manifest within both narrative and non-narrative (i.e., paradigmatic) forms. Support for the first proposal is garnered over the course of three empirical studies. In each of these studies—which consider context variability in the manifestation of personality attributes (i.e., self-concept differentiation), the interplay between the meta-concepts of agency and communion in moral motivation, and the relation between personality and culture, respectively—the predictive ability of traits, goals, and identities is examined. Considerable gains in predictive power are made through consideration of these elements of personality. Support for the second proposal is garnered through the undertaking of the third study, wherein a method for assessing personal identity in its narrative and paradigmatic forms is adopted and applied to a cross-cultural examination of personality. The current endeavor thus aims to apply a necessary corrective to the field of personality psychology (wherein personality and personality traits are often equated) and developmental psychology (wherein identity has increasingly come to be construed solely in narrative terms).
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Roberts, Catherine. "Media personality and fan community : a study in modern communication and culture." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2000. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7336.
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This study examines the relations between the media personalities and their audiences. Its broad interest is with the implications for contemporary social experience of the fact that modern communication and culture involve mediated interaction. Its focus is on broadcasting's use of personality presenters to interact with viewers and listeners and on audiences' experiences of this. This thesis explains that broadcasting has developed a personality system to relate to audiences and discusses the characteristics of this system. It considers the importance of genre in determining the type of presenter used and the significance of their personality. It is argued that an awareness of the construction of personae has undermined broadcasting's traditional personality system where sincerity is crucial. The fact that nowadays professional personalities operate as commodities in a competitive marketplace is highlighted and the role played by management companies in their careers is explored. This research project provides a case study of the media personality Phillip Schofield. His role as a presenter and his place within popular culture are elaborated. His persona is examined in detail and shown to be consistent with the discourses of broadcasting's personality system. This study proceeds to investigate the consumption of the personality system. It reviews the existing literature on para-social interaction and the mediated relationships of intimacy at a distance that develop between persenters and their audiences. It contributes to this knowledge by presenting the findings from qualitative research into viewers' relationships with a media personality. This empirical study involved conducting in-depth interviews with four of Phillip Schofield's fans and spending time with the fan community these interviewees belong to. The formation of this group is outlined and the fact that sociability is an important aspect of fandom is stressed. Concentrating on the subjects' responses to Schofield, this research demonstrates that one form of fandom is rooted in the intensive cultivation of a para-social relationship.
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Frost, Amanda Marie. "The American Donor: an Exploration of the Modern Individual Donor." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4845.
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Traditionally political donating behavior has been explained using socio-demographic and socialization-based models. The dramatic increase in the number of donors between 2000 and 2008 and the virtual elimination of structural barriers that limited donating to a select few suggest that this explanation is no longer adequate. What differentiates individuals who donate from those who do not? To answer this question I expand the traditional funnel of causality to develop a theoretical model that integrates biological, psychological, political behavior, and rational choice approaches. Using five samples, three nationally representative and two population-based surveys collected in 1990 and 2008, I investigate each level of the new funnel of causality using empirical models. I find that the best predictors of political donating are personality and attitudes, with a small role of context in the form of direct contact from parties. This new model explains more of the variance in political donating than the traditional model, and represents the most theoretically and empirically complete models in the literature.
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Mori, Shigenori 1962. "Cross-cultural differences in "ESL classroom personality"." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291437.
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Comparing Japanese and Mexican groups, the present study investigated cross-cultural differences in ESL learners' affective traits specific to formal settings. The target traits were measured by self-reporting questionnaires and class observations. Factor analysis of the questionnaire extracted four factors of ESL learners' affective traits, which were termed "activity", "social-awareness", "desirable behavior in formal learning", and "social isolation". The results indicated that some of these factors were strongly related with learners' cultural backgrounds. More specifically, the results showed Mexican students tended to take a more active approach toward in-class learning than their Japanese counterpart. However, the results also suggested that, in spite of passive learning behaviors they usually displayed, Japanese students valued active learning behaviors. Generally, the findings of this study are fairly congruent with the model constructed prior to the study.
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Ko, Humphrey M. "Corporate Personality and the Modern Chinese State : The Cement Industry of China,1889-1949." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517190.
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McAuley, Laura. "Occupational stress and hardiness personality traits in trainee IAPT therapists : providing care in the modern NHS." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2010. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/17553/.
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Objectives. An interactive model was utilised to determine the levels and sources of perceived occupational stress, experienced psychological strain and coping resources in a sample of trainee Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) therapists. In addition, the present study explored the relationship between „hardiness personality traits‟ and occupational stress. Design. A cross-sectional design requiring participants to complete three questionnaires. Method. A response rate of 73% (n = 44) was achieved through an opt-in method of recruitment. Participants completed three questionnaires: a demographic questionnaire; the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised (OSI-R) (Osipow, 1998) and Hardiness Scale (HS) (Bartone, Ursano, Wright & Ingraham (1989) modified version of Kobasa, Maddi & Kahn‟s (1982) original scale). Results. The average age of participants was 32.9 years old, 95.5% were white British, and 79.5% were female. 95.4% of participants reported normal levels of perceived stress, 83.9% indicated normal levels of experienced strain and 90.8% reported average levels of coping resources. Although all subscales were within the normal range, the subscales of: Role Boundary, Physical Strain and Social Support were identified as the highest source of: perceived occupational stress, experienced strain and coping resources respectively, as measured by the OSI-R. Significant gender differences were found relating to perceived stress, with males reporting higher scores than females, but not experienced strain or coping resources subscales. No significant difference was found between age („younger‟ <33; „older‟ >33) of trainee and perceived stress. Page 2 of 232 However, older trainees experienced higher Interpersonal Strain scores than younger trainees. Younger trainees engaged in more Recreation and Social Support as coping resources, than older trainees. Significant differences were found between low-intensity and high-intensity trainees on perceived stress and coping resources, but not experienced strain. Female participants scored higher than males on the commitment component of „hardiness‟. Older trainees scored significantly higher than younger trainees on the challenge component of „hardiness‟. Low-intensity trainees scored significantly lower than high-intensity trainees on the challenge component of „hardiness‟. Commitment and control components of „hardiness‟ were significantly negatively correlated with stress, and accounted for appropriately 33% variance in stress levels. Conclusions. The findings of this study are discussed in relation to other studies exploring occupational stress in trainee mental health professionals, in particular trainee clinical and counselling psychologists. In addition, findings are discussed in relation to previous studies employing the OSI-R. The main strengths of this study include a good response rate (73%) and the study‟s original contribution to occupational stress research and research within the area of IAPT services. Limitations of this study include: utilising self-report measures, social desirability effect, response bias, and limited demographic information available. Recommendations for future research are discussed, including: incorporating more demographics, individual and situational differences, incorporating objective measures of stress and introducing a qualitative component. Finally, clinical implications of this study are explored in relation to: the role of personal therapy in training mental health professionals, reducing financial costs to the organisation, legal implications, the use of Page 3 of 232 supervision to reduce trainee stress, creating the „right‟ learning environment, screening for „hardy‟ trainees and introducing a „hardiness‟ training component within the programme.
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Machado, Marcia Regina Jaschke. "O modernismo dá as cartas: circulação de manuscritos e produção de consensos na correspondência de intelectuais nos anos de 1920." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-22102012-122149/.
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A troca de cartas entre os modernistas brasileiros fez circular textos inéditos e debates teóricos sobre a produção literária moderna, produzindo redes de sociabilidade letrada e consensos estéticos e políticos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo de alguns temas discutidos na correspondência de Mário de Andrade com alguns de seus interlocutores durante os anos de 1920. Os principais temas estudados são: personalidade autoral de estilos modernos, influência, lirismo e língua brasileira moderna.<br>The exchange of letters among the Brazilian modernists was responsible for the circulation of unpublished works and theoretical debates on literary modernism, establishing nets of literate sociability and aesthetic and political consensus. This work aims to study some topics discussed in the correspondence of Mário de Andrade with some of his interlocutors during the 1920s. The main topics studied in this work are: authorial personality of modern styles, influence, lyricism, and modern Brazilian language.
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Moyer, Eric David. "What Machines Understand about Personality Words after Reading the News." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1404902086.
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Mertz, Katelyn M. "Simple Machine." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1427710920.
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Uritescu, Ramona M. "The magician's modern avatars a study of the artist figure in the works of Marcel Proust, Thomas Mann and Franz Kafka /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq30830.pdf.
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Robins, Amanda School of Arts UNSW. "Slow art : meditative process in painting and drawing." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Arts, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31214.
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This exegesis is an exploration of meditative process in painting and drawing and accompanies an exhibition of paintings and large drawings called What Lies Beneath. The text contains several passages, called "meditations," which accompany the themes approached in the chapters and give insight into the thoughts and practices of the artist. The methodology involves the examination of the evidence of the work produced by selected artists, looking at the words of artists in notebooks, diaries and interviews and surveying a small number of local contemporary artists. The text opens up the possibilities of drapery and garments and of still life as paths to meditative practice in painting and drawing. The qualities that characterize meditative process/practice, derived from my observations, are categorized. Some of the strengths of these processes are revealed through the examination of the work of artists, both contemporary and historical. The work of Vermeer, Sanchez Cotan, Francisco Zurbaran and contemporary artists Anne Judell, Simon Cooper, Jude Rae, Alison Watt and Eva Hesse highlight different aspects of the meditative process in painting and drawing. The art works in the exhibition are documented and bring out the meditative processes that have contributed to their creation, including the use and meaning of the subject (drapery and the garment as a form of still life).
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Pettersson, Erik. "Application of Dimensional Personality Models to Personality Disorders." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626525.
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湯旭瑜 and Yuk-yue Tong. "Lay models of personality: assessment and implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124368X.
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Tong, Yuk-yue. "Lay models of personality : assessment and implications /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24702274.
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Gallart, Masià Salvador. "Predicción de los trastornos de la personalidad del Eje II del DSM-IV-TR a partir de diferentes modelos dimensionales: Costa y McCrae, Zuckerman y Cloninger." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/306603.
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Aquest estudi pretén comprovar l’existència o no de diferències estructurals entre la personalitat normal i patològica. D’altra banda, interessa veure la capacitat predictiva dels tests de personalitat normal respecte als trastorns de la personalitat segons els criteris del DSM-IV-TR, en població sana i clínica. S'utilitzen tres instruments psicomètrics (NEO-PI-R, ZKPQ-50-CC i TCI-R), pertanyents als models dimensionals de personalitat de Costa i McCrae (Cinc Grans Factors), Zuckerman (Cinc Alternatius) i Cloninger (Psicobiològic de Temperament i Caràcter), respectivament. Els resultats confirmen que l’estructura de la personalitat no varia en població sana i clínica. Les diferències són quantitatives i no qualitatives, i els trets es desenvolupen en diversos graus: des de la personalitat normal fins a la patològica. Es repliquen les prediccions a partir dels tres qüestionaris emprats respecte als trastorns de la personalitat, tal i com evidencien altres estudis previs realitzats en diferents contexts transculturals.<br>Este estudio pretende comprobar la existencia o no de diferencias estructurales entre la personalidad normal y patológica. Por otro lado, interesa ver la capacidad predictiva de los tests de personalidad normal respecto a los trastornos de la personalidad según los criterios del DSM-IV-TR, en población sana y clínica. Se utilizan tres instrumentos psicométricos (NEO-PI-R, ZKPQ-50-CC y TCI-R), pertenecientes a los modelos dimensionales de personalidad de Costa y McCrae (Cinco Grandes Factores), Zuckerman (Cinco Alternativos) y Cloninger (Psicobiológico de Temperamento y Carácter), respectivamente. Los resultados confirman que la estructura de la personalidad no varía en población sana y clínica. Las diferencias son cuantitativas y no cualitativas, y los rasgos se desarrollan en diversos grados: desde la personalidad normal hasta la patológica. Se replican las predicciones a partir de los tres cuestionarios utilizados respecto a los trastornos de la personalidad, tal y como evidencian otros estudios previos realizados en diferentes contextos transculturales.<br>The aim of the current study is to check whether there are structural differences between normal and psychopathological personality. On the other hand, we are interested to see what is the predictive capacity of normal personality tests in relation to personality disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, in healthy and patient population. Three psychometric instruments have been used (NEO-PI-R, ZKPQ-50-CC and TCI-R), corresponding to the dimensional personality models of Costa and McCrae’s Big Five, Zuckerman’s Alternative Five Factor Model and Cloninger’s Psychobiological model of Temperament and Character, respectively. Results confirm that the structure of personality do not vary in healthy and patient population. Differences are quantitative but not qualitative, and traits are developed in different degrees: from normal personality to psychopatological personality. Predictions are replicated through the three questionnaires with respect to personality disorders, as evidenced by other previous research carried out in different crosscultural contexts.
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Pinsker, Cristina M. "The FFOCI, and Other Measures and Models of OCPD." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/38.
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The Five Factor Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FFOCI) was developed in part to facilitate a shift from the categorical classification of personality disorder to a dimensional model; more specifically, the five-factor model. Questions though have been raised as to whether obsessive-compulsive personality disorder can be understood as a maladaptive variant of FFM conscientiousness. The purpose of the present study was to provide a further validation of the FFOCI, as well as to compare and contrast alternative measures and models of OCPD. A total of 380 participants, including 146 oversampled for OCPD traits, were recruited from introductory psychology courses at the University of Kentucky. Administered were the FFOCI, measures of general personality (e.g.,, International Item Pool, 5-Dimensional Personality Test), trait scales associated with OCPD (e.g.,, workaholism, compulsivity, propriety), and alternative measures of obsessive compulsive personality disorder. All measures were administered via SurveyMonkey, a secure online survey service. Results supported the validity of the FFOCI, but also demonstrated substantive differences among the alternative measures of OCPD, particularly with respect to their relationship with FFM conscientiousness, antagonism, and introversion.
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Samuel, Douglas B. "COMPARING PERSONALITY DISORDER MODELS: FFM AND DSM-IV-TR." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/884.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.<br>Title from document title page (viewed on October 30, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vi, 43 p. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-39).
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Owens, Courtney Elizabeth. "Development of a model of work-personality." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2019. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-a-model-of-workpersonality(0f2e4027-3bac-4200-b6b6-29597fbfabeb).html.
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Personality is important to job performance; meta-analyses published over the years repeatedly showed that self-rated personality traits can significantly predict overall job performance (Barrick & Mount, 1991; Barrick, Mount, & Judge, 2001). Despite their significance, these same meta-analyses, generally showed personality only had a small effect on overall job performance. The exception was conscientiousness, which had a less than medium effect. However, there is also a growing body of evidence suggesting that other-ratings of personality can show higher concurrent validities than self-ratings. Meta-analytic results showed that personality can have a large effect on overall job performance, if the personality traits are rated by others (Connelly & Ones, 2010). Moreover, concurrent validities increased when utilising narrow measures of both personality (Judge, Rodell, Klinger, Simon, & Crawford, 2013) and job performance (Bartram, 2005). In this study, the author examined the suggestion from meta-analyses that observer-ratings, rather than self-ratings, provide greater explanatory power when predicting job performance. Further, the concurrent validities of using narrow personality traits (facets) as predictors of narrow measures of job performance were investigated. This study comprised 1,041 participants, of which 92% were employed in a UK police organisation. Employees provided self-ratings and identified two co-workers and a manager who could provide other-ratings of personality and job performance. Online questionnaires measured 71 personality facets of the 11+ Factor Model (Irwing & Booth, 2013) and Bartram's (2005) Great Eight factors of job performance. Arguably the most comprehensive measure of personality, the 11+ Factor Model is comprised of 11 factors and 74 facets. Items from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP; Goldberg, 1999) were utilised to create scales for each of the 74 personality facets. A planned missing data design was implemented to improve response rates (Graham, Taylor, Olchowski, & Cumsille, 2006). Measurement models were estimated first, followed by testing of the structural models (J. C. Anderson & Gerbing, 1988) to estimate the combined effects of personality facets on each of the job performance outcomes. Since cross-validation is a powerful approach for evaluating models (Millsap & Meredith, 2007), all models were cross-validated on two datasets. Fifty-two personality facets were identified and cross-validated. Some of these facets provided superior prediction over factors, when predicting narrow measures of job performance. The facets of integrity, leadership, harm avoidance and empathy explained much of the variance in the Great Eight job competencies. In some cases, self-ratings of personality provided superior prediction over other-ratings.
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Cartaya, Eric. "Personality and Performance: Assessing the Mediating Role of Mental Model Formation in the Personality-Performance Relationship." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/790.
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Personality has long been linked to performance. Evolutions in this relationship have brought forward new questions regarding the true nature of how personality impacts performance. Both direct and indirect relationships have been proven significant. This study further investigated potential indirect relationships by including a mediating variable, mental model formation, in the personality-performance relationship. Undergraduate students were assessed in a 6-week period, Time 1 - Time 2 experiment. Conceptualizations of personality included measures of the Big 5 model and Self-efficacy, with performance measured by content quiz and overall course scores. Findings showed that the Big 5 personality traits, extraversion and agreeableness, positively and significantly impacted commonality with the instructor’s mental model. However, commonality with the instructor’s mental model did not impact performance. In comparison, commonality with an expert mental model positively and significantly impacted performance for both the content quiz and overall course score. Furthermore, similarity with an expert mental model positively and significantly impacted overall course performance. Hypothesized full mediation of mental model formation for the personality-performance relationship was not supported due to a lack of direct effect relationships required for mediation. However, a revised conceptualization of results emerged. Findings from the current study point to the novel and unique role mental models play in the personality-performance relationship. While personality traits do impact mental model formation, accuracy in the mental models formed is critical to performance.
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McKay, Derek A. "A facet and domain-level analysis of two trait models of personality: Relationship with subjective well-being." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1498591744789927.
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Tyler, Graham Patrick. "Utility and validity of Western and Chinese models and measures of personality in Chinese and Western organisational contexts /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19288.pdf.
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Pollock, Asher W. "Phase Shift." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492781853322151.
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Hagger-Johnson, Gareth. "Latent variable modelling of personality-health associations : measures, models and extensions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3490.
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Functional health status, morbidity and mortality are determined partly by health behaviours (World Health Organization, 2002), which have determinants of their own. Personality traits, such as Conscientiousness, have a strong association with health behaviours (Bogg & Roberts, 2004). There is a less consistent and generally weaker association between traits and health outcomes (e.g. Neuroticism and mortality). The central problem in this thesis is how to measure, model, maximize, and extend trait-health associations. Conceptual issues associated with modelling traits and health are discussed in chapter one. The next three chapters concern such measurement issues about: personality traits (chapter two), health behaviours (chapter three) and health outcomes, with particular reference to functional health status (chapter four). These chapters are followed by a move to modelling (chapter five), with particular reference to the generalized latent variable modelling (LVM) framework (Muth´en & Muth´en, 1998–2007). The HAPPLE study is introduced (chapter six) which is used to model associations between Conscientiousness and health criteria within the LVMframework (chapter seven). Moving beyond self-reported outcomes, which are a mono-method approach, the role of multiple health behaviours in predicting cardiovascular mortality is considered (chapter eight). In a third section, cortisol is introduced, which is a biomarker of stress reactivity. The diurnal profile of cortisol output is described (chapter nine). Latent growth curve modelling is used to illustrate its association with Neuroticism, in a sample of student volunteers (chapter 10). Taken together, the results highlight the need for a general framework of modelling techniques, in personality-health research. I conclude that biopsychosocial models with excellent explanatory power, which are still parsimonious, can be achieved with LVM and its extensions. However, trait researchers will need to state more clearly the intended destinations of their work in order to attract contributions from, and share knowledge with, other disciplines.
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Washington, Dione. "Learning Models, Personality Traits, and Job Satisfaction in Forensic Psychology Practitioners." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7771.
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Forensic psychology is a distinct specialization requiring practitioners to approach problems differently than in other psychological specialties. While the use of problem-based learning in the medical field is well-researched, there is a lack of literature regarding its use in forensic psychology. This quantitative survey-based study was designed to investigate the relationship between learning models and personality traits and job satisfaction in forensic psychologists. In the current study, an adaption of Vygotsky’s constructivist zone of proximal development theory and Holland’s theory of career choice were applied to forensic psychology instruction to assess the degree to which personality and learning models interrelate among forensic psychologists. Overall, the sample population of 49 forensic psychology professionals experienced moderate to high levels of job satisfaction, irrespective of personality. No statistical significance was found with regard to learning model, personality, and job satisfaction. While not statistically significant, the findings do highlight a personality typology that differed from the overarching psychology profession. Holland’s theory categorized individuals in the psychology/psychologist profession as social and artistic. In the current study approximately 37% identified as investigative, while only 4% identified as artistic. It may be beneficial to expand the inclusion criteria to international participants to provide additional statistical analysis with a larger data set. Positive social change may result from an increased awareness of which personality types are better aligned to the forensic psychology profession.
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Жижиленко, С. С. "Соціально - психологічний вплив засобів масової комунікації на безпеку особистості дітей та підлітків України". Thesis, Чернігів, 2020. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/20967.
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Жижиленко, С. С. Соціально - психологічний вплив засобів масової комунікації на безпеку особистості дітей та підлітків України : магістерська робота: 231 Соціальна робота / С. С. Жижиленко ; керівник роботи Сила Т. І. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра соціальної роботи. – Чернігів, 2020. – 101 с.<br>Узагальнення наукових джерел з проблеми соціалізації особистості дає підставу розуміти соціалізацію дітей та підлітків як складний процес, оптимізація якого потребує створення різноманітних умов, використання форм, засобів і методів соціально-педагогічної роботи з урахуванням впливів різних факторів і обставин макро- і мікросередовища, що оточуючує дітей та підлітків, динаміки їхнього психічного, емоційного, фізичного та морального розвитку. В роботі висвітлено особливості процесу соціалізації в підлітковому віці.
Поняття «ЗМК» ми розуміли як комплекс організаційних структур і комунікаційних каналів, які виробляють та поширюють інформацію, призначену для масової аудиторії. До ЗМК відносять пресу (газети, журнали, книги), телебачення, радіо, мережу Інтернет, кінематограф, звукозаписи та відеозаписи, рекламні щити й панелі, домашні відеоцентри, смартфони та планшетні комп’ютери, що поєднують телевізійні, телефонні, комп’ютерні й інші лінії зв’язку. Для ЗМК притаманно звернення до масової аудиторії, доступність багатьом людям, розповсюдження інформації. Кожен вид мас-
медіа має свою специфіку впливу на дітей та підлітків.
У кваліфікаційній роботі розглядається вплив засобів масової комунікації на психологічну безпеку особистості дітей та підлітків України.
За допомогою емпіричного дослідження проаналізавано ступінь залучення
дітей та підлітків до ЗМК, фактори їх впливу, особливості взаємодії дітей та підлітків із середовищем спілкування, проаналізовано функції масової інформації з різних точок зору, виявлені негативні моменти впливу на індивідуум від в ЗМК, більше того доведено, що медійний продукт не завжди відповідає гуманним принципам, які мають лежати в основі формування особистості, та доведено що немає однозначного припущення що ЗМК мають більш негативний чи позитивний вплив на формування
особистості дітей та підлітків.<br>Generalization of scientific sources on the problem of socialization of the individual gives grounds to understand the socialization of children and adolescents as a complex process, optimization of which requires the creation of various conditions, use of forms, tools and methods of socio-pedagogical work.
And adolescents, the dynamics of their mental, emotional, physical and moral development. The paper highlights the features of the process of socialization in
adolescence.
We understood the concept of "ZMK" as a set of organizational structures and communication channels that produce and disseminate information intended for a mass audience. The WMC includes the press (newspapers, magazines, books), television, radio, the Internet, cinema, sound and video recordings, billboards and panels, home video centers, smartphones and tablet computers that combine television, telephone, computer and other communication lines. The WMC is characterized by appeal to the mass audience, accessibility to many people, dissemination of information. Each type of media has its own specific impact on children and adolescents.
The qualification work considers the impact of the media on the psychological security of children and adolescents in Ukraine. With the help of empirical research the degree of involvement of children and adolescents in the WMC, the factors of their influence, the peculiarities of interaction of children and adolescents with the communication environment, the functions of the media from different points of view, identified negative aspects of the impact on the individual from the WMC, moreover, proved that the media product does not
always meet the humane principles that should underlie the formation of personality, and proved that there is no clear assumption that WMD have a more negative or positive impact on the formation of children's personality and teenagers.
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Ward, Steven Donald. "A Study of Gender and Personality Factors in Work-Family Conflict Models." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4757.
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There were three underlying purposes to this study: 1) To test the main effect of gender on work -> family and family -> work conflict; 2) To re-examine the predictors of inter-role conflict used by Frone, Russell, and Cooper (1992) (i.e., job involvement, job stress, family involvement, and family stress); and 3) To investigate the importance of using personality characteristics as predictors of how individuals deal with inter-role conflict. A questionnaire was assembled, consisting of: a work -> family conflict spillover scale, a family -> work conflict spillover scale, a job involvement scale, a family involvement scale, a job stressors scale, a family stressors scale, and two sub-scales from the California Psychological Inventory (i.e., the Managerial Potential scale and the Work Orientation scale) . Questionnaires were completed by 134 employees of a civil service agency. Results indicated that gender was not a significant predictor of either work -> family or family ->work conflict. Job stress was found to be a significant predictor of both work -> family, and family ->work conflict. Where as family stress was found to be a significant predictor of family -> work conflict only. Job involvement was found to be a significant predictor of work -> family conflict for managers only. When all predictors were assessed simultaneously, Work Orientation was the only variable found to be a significant predictor of work -> family conflict. The results from this study clarify and add to Frone, Russell, and Cooper's (1992) study of the work-family interface.
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Alam, Firoj. "Computational Models for Analyzing Affective Behaviors and Personality from Speech and Text." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368509.
Full textAbstract:
Automatic analysis and summarization of affective behaviors and personality from human-human interactions are becoming a central theme in many research areas including computer and social sciences and psychology. Affective behaviors are defined as short- term states, which are very brief in duration, arise in response to an event or situation that are relevant and are rapidly change over time. They include empathy, anger, frustration, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction. Personality is defined as individual's longer-term characteristics that are stable over time and that describe individual's true nature. The stable personality traits have been captured in psychology by the Big-5 model that includes the following traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Traditional approaches towards measuring behavioral information and personality use either observer- or self- assessed questionnaires. Observers usually monitor the overt signals and label interactional scenarios, whereas self-assessors evaluate what they perceive from the interactional scenarios. Using this measured behavioral and personality information, a typical descriptive summary is designed to improve domain experts' decision-making processes. However, such a manual approach is time-consuming and expensive. Thus it motivated us to the design of automated computational models. Moreover, the motivation of studying affective behaviors and personality is to design a behavioral profile of an individual, from which one can understand/predict how an individual interprets or values a situation. Therefore, the aim of the work presented in this dissertation is to design automated computational models for analyzing affective behaviors such as empathy, anger, frustration, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction and Big-5 personality traits using behavioral signals that are expressed in conversational interactions.
The design of the computational models for decoding affective behaviors and personality is a challenging problem due to the multifaceted nature of behavioral signals. During conversational interactions, many aspects of these signals are expressed and displayed by overt cues in terms of verbal and vocal non-verbal expressions. These expressions also vary depending on the type of interaction, context or situation such as phone conversations, face-to-machine, face-to-face, and social media interactions. The challenges of designing computational models require the investigation of 1) different overt cues expressed in several experimental contexts in real settings, 2) verbal and vocal non-verbal expressions in terms of linguistic, visual, and acoustic cues, and 3) combining the information from multiple channels such as linguistic, visual, and acoustic information.
Regarding the design of computational models of affective behaviors, the contributions of the work presented here are
1. analysis of the call centers' conversations containing agents' and customers' speech,
2. addressing of the issues related to the segmentation and annotation by defining operational guidelines to annotate empathy of the agent and other emotional states of the customer on real call center data,
3. demonstration of how different channels of information such as acoustic, linguistic, and psycholinguistic channels can be combined to improve for both conversation- level and segment-level classification tasks, and
4. development of a computational pipeline for designing affective scenes, i.e., the emotional sequence of the interlocutors, from a dyadic conversation.
In designing models for Big-5 personality traits, we addressed two important problems; personality recognition, which infers self-assessed personality, and personality perception, which infers personalities that observers attribute to an individual. The contributions of this work to personality research are
1. investigation of several scenarios such as broadcast news, human-human spoken conversations from a call center, social media posts such as Facebook status updates and multi-modal youtube blogs,
2. design of classification models using acoustic, linguistic and psycholinguistic features, and
3. investigation of several feature-level and decision-level combination strategies.
Based on studies conducted in this work it is demonstrated that fusion of various sources of information is beneficial for designing automated computational models. The computational models for affective behaviors and personality that are presented here are fully automated and effective - they do not require any human intervention. The outcome of this research is potentially relevant for contributing to the automatic analysis of human interactions in several sectors such as customer care, education, and healthcare.
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Alam, Firoj. "Computational Models for Analyzing Affective Behaviors and Personality from Speech and Text." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1881/2/Disclaimer_Firoj.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Automatic analysis and summarization of affective behaviors and personality from human-human interactions are becoming a central theme in many research areas including computer and social sciences and psychology. Affective behaviors are defined as short- term states, which are very brief in duration, arise in response to an event or situation that are relevant and are rapidly change over time. They include empathy, anger, frustration, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction. Personality is defined as individual's longer-term characteristics that are stable over time and that describe individual's true nature. The stable personality traits have been captured in psychology by the Big-5 model that includes the following traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Traditional approaches towards measuring behavioral information and personality use either observer- or self- assessed questionnaires. Observers usually monitor the overt signals and label interactional scenarios, whereas self-assessors evaluate what they perceive from the interactional scenarios. Using this measured behavioral and personality information, a typical descriptive summary is designed to improve domain experts' decision-making processes. However, such a manual approach is time-consuming and expensive. Thus it motivated us to the design of automated computational models. Moreover, the motivation of studying affective behaviors and personality is to design a behavioral profile of an individual, from which one can understand/predict how an individual interprets or values a situation. Therefore, the aim of the work presented in this dissertation is to design automated computational models for analyzing affective behaviors such as empathy, anger, frustration, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction and Big-5 personality traits using behavioral signals that are expressed in conversational interactions.
The design of the computational models for decoding affective behaviors and personality is a challenging problem due to the multifaceted nature of behavioral signals. During conversational interactions, many aspects of these signals are expressed and displayed by overt cues in terms of verbal and vocal non-verbal expressions. These expressions also vary depending on the type of interaction, context or situation such as phone conversations, face-to-machine, face-to-face, and social media interactions. The challenges of designing computational models require the investigation of 1) different overt cues expressed in several experimental contexts in real settings, 2) verbal and vocal non-verbal expressions in terms of linguistic, visual, and acoustic cues, and 3) combining the information from multiple channels such as linguistic, visual, and acoustic information.
Regarding the design of computational models of affective behaviors, the contributions of the work presented here are
1. analysis of the call centers' conversations containing agents' and customers' speech,
2. addressing of the issues related to the segmentation and annotation by defining operational guidelines to annotate empathy of the agent and other emotional states of the customer on real call center data,
3. demonstration of how different channels of information such as acoustic, linguistic, and psycholinguistic channels can be combined to improve for both conversation- level and segment-level classification tasks, and
4. development of a computational pipeline for designing affective scenes, i.e., the emotional sequence of the interlocutors, from a dyadic conversation.
In designing models for Big-5 personality traits, we addressed two important problems; personality recognition, which infers self-assessed personality, and personality perception, which infers personalities that observers attribute to an individual. The contributions of this work to personality research are
1. investigation of several scenarios such as broadcast news, human-human spoken conversations from a call center, social media posts such as Facebook status updates and multi-modal youtube blogs,
2. design of classification models using acoustic, linguistic and psycholinguistic features, and
3. investigation of several feature-level and decision-level combination strategies.
Based on studies conducted in this work it is demonstrated that fusion of various sources of information is beneficial for designing automated computational models. The computational models for affective behaviors and personality that are presented here are fully automated and effective - they do not require any human intervention. The outcome of this research is potentially relevant for contributing to the automatic analysis of human interactions in several sectors such as customer care, education, and healthcare.
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Stanley, Leanne M. "Flexible Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models Incorporating Response Styles." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494316298549437.
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Sowemimo, S. "The forensic relevance of sexual fantasy : internal mental models, self-representation and personality." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32714/.
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Practitioners working within forensic environments will be acutely aware of the diverse risks, complex treatment needs and unique responsivity issues found within the multifaceted marginal group of sexual offenders. Deviant sexual fantasy (DSF) is considered to be important in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders. Despite the recent growth in research, conclusions remain inconsistent on the significance of fantasy in offending behaviour. Furthermore, the underlying structural components of fantasy remain relatively unexplored. The aim of this thesis was to explore the forensic relevance of the fantasy phenomenon predominantly related to sexual offending populations. This was done by investigating the cognitive components of fantasy in regards to the intersection between fantasy, cognition, personality and self-representation (the latter constructs being considered as reflections of individual internal mental models). Chapter one provided a context to the thesis by presenting an argument that fantasy is forensically relevant in terms of implicit beliefs (offence supportive), cognitions (cognitive distortions, offence supportive beliefs) and personality organisation and functioning (e.g. coping mechanisms). Chapter two detailed a literature review following a systematic approach, exploring the role of fantasy within sexual offending behaviour. Sixteen studies were included in the review. An associative relationship was found between offence supportive fantasy and sex offending behaviour. Personality (among others) was identified as one of the moderating factors within this relationship. However, key methodological limitations with the included studies were discussed. Chapter three utilised a case study approach to consider the complexities of assessment and treatment for a medium risk internet sexual offender (ST). This chapter explored ST’s vulnerabilities in depth (low self-esteem, interpersonal difficulties, emotional dysregulation, rigid cognitive style) and provided a comprehensive assessment and formulation of risk (fantasy experiences reinforce offence supportive attitudes and cognitive distortions). Results suggested that fantasy could be mapped onto personality, organisation and functioning. ST’s fantasy life was considered a latent variable that only became an acute and dynamic risk factor when combined with his distorted attitudes. Chapter four detailed a critique of the MCMI-III. Specific emphasis was placed on assessing the utility of the measure within forensic settings and how this could supplement assessment of fantasy experiences. The tool was found to be psychometrically stable, however it was suggested that use with a sex offender population is approached with caution. Chapter five investigated associations between personality, fantasy proneness and sexual fantasies, in addition to exploring the function and structural components of sexual fantasy. An anonymous electronic questionnaire (containing several psychometric questionnaires e.g. IPIP-50, WSFQ, CEQ) was presented online for a period of 12 weeks. 259 males participated in the study. Links to fantasy proneness, certain personality markers (e.g. agreeableness, intellect/imagination) and early abusive experiences were found. Static fantasy experiences were associated with conscientiousness. Behavioural expression of fantasy was associated with extraversion. ‘Vividness’ of sexual fantasy was explained by the following themes: 1) Boundaries of imagination 2) Context 3) Structure of fantasy and, 4) Fantasy-Reality distinction. Finally, chapter six provides a conclusion to the thesis by summarising the main findings, with particular emphasis on how findings relate more directly to the fantasy phenomenon. The main suppositions and recommendations are as follows: • Fantasies prime self-other associations. Thus, indirect measures of fantasy may be useful and allow the cognitive mapping of fantasy. • A tiered definition of offence related fantasy is recommended pertaining to frequency, vividness, level of intrusion and the risk relevance. • Control (and disintegration of), coping and cognitive capabilities are implicated as important concepts for fantasy prone individuals. To a certain point, offence related fantasy may act as a protective factor for some individuals, until the fantasy can no longer satiate their needs. • The temporal ordering of fantasy function is important in determining risk relevance pertaining to protective factors (emotional regulation), risk inducing factors (priming offender identity) and high risk situations. • Fantasy generation is a skill; the more involvement an individual has with their internal world the more adept they will be at generating complex fantasy experiences and, in turn, the more enmeshed fantasy and reality can become. • Grounding techniques and acceptance commitment therapy may be a useful treatment recommendation for individuals that experience offence related fantasy. Discussion is augmented within contemporary theoretical perspectives in order to consider clinical implications. Limitations of the current thesis and recommendations for future research are also outlined.
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Shannon, Will. "The Role of Disruptive Innovation, Personality Characteristics, and Business Models on Entrepreneurial Success." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1232.
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Disruptive Innovation, according to the term’s founder Clayton Christensen, is defined as a specific type of innovation that is able to capture the lower-end of the market through quality, feature, or cost differences and leverage this position to achieve higher market share. Entrepreneurs who utilize disruptive innovation strategies have been historically able to create products and services that achieve massive financial and cultural success. Theories of personality characteristics have been previously applied to entrepreneurial activities, but not used to bridge the gap between developmental experiences and market success. Cross-industry analysis of ten top entrepreneurial business leaders from retail, food services, and consumer electronics allows for the identification of certain personality characteristics and influences present in the early lives and careers of highly successful entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs can be categorized according to inherent skills and personality characteristics, which suggest either revolutionary or architecturally brilliant product or service creation. Patterns of conceptual product ideation and business model evolution show that there are similarities between experiences in an entrepreneur’s formative years and the implementation of a business model and strategy. Implications of highly successful business models as they relate to marketplace dynamics include financial success, cultural impact, and institutionalization. To varying degrees, disruptive entrepreneurs are able to institutionalize their business concepts in order to ensure lasting success in their respective marketplaces.
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O'Brien, Erin L. "DO APPLICANTS AND INCUMBENTS RESPOND TO PERSONALITY ITEMS SIMILARLY? A COMPARISON USING AN IDEAL POINT RESPONSE MODEL." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1276703388.
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Broadfoot, Alison Ann. "Comparing the Dominance Approach to the Ideal-Point Approach in the Measurement and Predictability of Personality." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1211913274.
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Thiel, Hendrik [Verfasser]. "Personality traits and economic outcomes : models and measurement, with two empirical application / Hendrik Thiel." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077016883/34.
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Loose, Tianna. "Etiological models of problematic alcohol consumption among Francophone college students : personality, temporality and motivation." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2050/document.
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La question de l'étiologie des déterminants de l'usage d'alcool est importante, notamment auprès des étudiants. Certains déterminants, tels que les motivations à consommer, mènent directement à l'usage, alors que d'autres, tels que les traits de personnalité, influent sur l'usage de manière indirecte. D'autres déterminants, tels que la temporalité, pourraient être des facteurs intermédiaires. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que les traits de personnalité conduisent aux temporalités qui conduisent aux motivations qui donnent lieu à l'usage d'alcool. Méthodes Nous avons inclus 867 étudiants francophones vivant en France (N=389) ou au Québec (N=478). Nous avons administré des mesures d'usage d'alcool, des motivations à consommer, des traits de personnalité et des temporalités. Résultats : D'abord nous avons observé que les traits de personnalité menaient à l'usage d'alcool à travers des motivations spécifiques. Ensuite nous avons observé que les traits mènent aux temporalités et que des temporalités menaient à l'usage car ils influent sur des motivations. La quatrième étude figure des pistes de médiation sérielle qui incluent l'ensemble des niveaux des déterminants. Discussion : Certains traits de personnalité seraient des facteurs de risque, mais surtout parce qu'ils favorisent le développement des motivations. De plus, nous avons éclairci le statut étiologique de la temporalité, à considérer comme une disposition stable et une caractéristique situationnelle. Dernièrement, nous avons trouvé que parfois les trois niveaux de déterminants ne pourraient pas être dissociés, ce qui souligne l'importance de considérer l'ensemble de ces facteurs<br>Ln the interest of positively impacting alcohol use among college students, we studied determinants of consumption behaviors within an etiological framework. Personality would be associated with alcohol use, but the link would. be mediated by more proximal variables. Drinking motives would be the most proximal predictive factor of alcohol use. A situational-dispositional construct called time perspective has sparked recent interest and we hypothesized that it would be etiologically situated between traits and motives. Methods: Students living in France or in Québec were administered questionnaires online. We measured Big 5 personality traits, time perspective, temporal competency, drinking motives and problematic alcohol use. ln data analysis, we draw up multiple parallel mediator models reflecting different etiological relationships. Results: Indirect effects of traits on alcohol use through drinking motives appeared. Study 2 found that trails led to alcohol use through specific temporalities. ln study 3, drinking motives explained the relationship between temporalities and alcohol use. Study 4 accepted and rejected hypotheses about serial mediation as a function of different forms of logic. Discussion: Understanding etiological pathways leading up to problematic alcohol use could aide practitioners to positively impact drinking behaviors. Personality would be related to alcohol consumption but mostly because traits led to drinking motives and in turn led to temporalities. Our results may allow us to better foresee among which students problems will develop and prevent the onset or the aggravation of problematic alcohol use through emerging adulthood
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Mairesse, Francois. "Learning to adapt in dialogue systems : data-driven models for personality recognition and generation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14937/.
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Dialogue systems are artefacts that converse with human users in order to achieve some task. Each step of the dialogue requires understanding the user's input, deciding on what to reply, and generating an output utterance. Although there are many ways to express any given content, most dialogue systems do not take linguistic variation into account in both the understanding and generation phases, i.e. the user's linguistic style is typically ignored, and the style conveyed by the system is chosen once for all interactions at development time. We believe that modelling linguistic variation can greatly improve the interaction in dialogue systems, such as in intelligent tutoring systems, video games, or information retrieval systems, which all require specific linguistic styles. Previous work has shown that linguistic style affects many aspects of users' perceptions, even when the dialogue is task-oriented. Moreover, users attribute a consistent personality to machines, even when exposed to a limited set of cues, thus dialogue systems manifest personality whether designed into the system or not. Over the past few years, psychologists have identified the main dimensions of individual differences in human behaviour: the Big Five personality traits. We hypothesise that the Big Five provide a useful computational framework for modelling important aspects of linguistic variation. This thesis first explores the possibility of recognising the user's personality using data-driven models trained on essays and conversational data. We then test whether it is possible to generate language varying consistently along each personality dimension in the information presentation domain. We present PERSONAGE: a language generator modelling findings from psychological studies to project various personality traits. We use PERSONAGE to compare various generation paradigms: (1) rule-based generation, (2) overgenerate and select and (3) generation using parameter estimation models-a novel approach that learns to produce recognisable variation along meaningful stylistic dimensions without the computational cost incurred by overgeneration techniques. We also present the first human evaluation of a data-driven generation method that projects multiple stylistic dimensions simultaneously and on a continuous scale.
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Cupp, Robert Gordon. "Statistical models for predicting selected personality dimensions using components of the male sex-role." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/543.
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Adams, Samuel J. "In the Season of Our Monstering." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1523020784239892.
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Taylor, Christopher George. "The Good Bloke in Contemporary Australian Workplaces: Origins, Qualities and Impacts of a National Cultural Archetype in Small For-Profit Businesses." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1566171729886909.
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Nicholson, Michelle A. "“To be men, not destroyers”: Developing Dabrowskian Personalities in Ezra Pound’s The Cantos and Neil Gaiman’s American Gods." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2628.
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Kazimierz Dabrowski’s psychological theory of positive disintegration is a lesser known theory of personality development that offers an alternative critical perspective of literature. It provides a framework for the characterization of postmodern protagonists who move beyond heroic indoctrination to construct their own self-organized, autonomous identities. Ezra Pound’s The Cantos captures the speaker-poet’s extensive process of inner conflict, providing a unique opportunity to track the progress of the hero’s transformation into a personality, or a man. American Gods is a more fully realized portrayal of a character who undergoes the complete paradigmatic collapse of positive disintegration and deliberate self-derived self-revision in a more distilled linear fashion. Importantly, using a Dabrowskian lens to re-examine contemporary literature that has evolved to portray how the experience of psychopathology leads to metaphorical death—which may have any combination of negative or positive outcomes—has not only socio-cultural significance but important personal implications as well.
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Desson, Stewart. "Development of an integrated adaptive and maladaptive personality model for measuring the 'Big Five'." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q3xw6/development-of-an-integrated-adaptive-and-maladaptive-personality-model-for-measuring-the-big-five.
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The structure of the Big Five model of personality was examined when its dimensions were measured independently at both poles, based on new items designed to reduce the social desirability bias often found between the polarities. Inductive, deductive and criterion-centric methods were employed and an instrument created that measures Big Five traits both adaptively and maladaptively. Based on a comprehensive literature review of the potency of different personality scales in predicting positive and negative performance at work, 410 items were created to measure the desired adaptive and maladaptive scales and a sample of English speaking professionals (N = 1,686 females, mean age = 44.0, SD = 12.0; N = 820 males, mean age = 46.5, SD = 13.0) assessed themselves against them on a Likert scale. Eighteen scales were created based on fifty-seven items and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to understand the impact of the new structure on the Big Five. The convergent and divergent validity were tested using hypotheses regarding the proposed correlations with industry benchmark instruments. A re-validation study (N = 438), test re-test study (N = 117), consensual validity study (N = 105) and social desirability study (N = 26, N = 28, N = 40) were also undertaken. Criterion validity was examined using behavioural competency models (N = 254, N = 73), with 360 observer feedback gathered and a priori hypotheses tested. The results revealed that evaluative bias can be reduced with the proposed approach, and the Big Five factor structure persists, whilst simultaneously enabling test users to explore their adaptive and maladaptive traits at both ends of the polarities. It is argued that conceptualising maladaptive traits as the more extreme ends of the Big Five (“too much of a good thing”) is helpful from a user validity perspective and avoids the risk of pathologizing people in organisational settings. Finally, the instrument’s eighteen scales have been located in the personality periodic table (Woods and Anderson, 2016) and the concept of a blended Conscientiousness and Neuroticism scale has been supported by the current research and provides a new approach. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Elmas, Balancar Esra. "Sacralisation of Politics in Turkey : Kurdish Case." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0008.
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Bien qu’il y ait un motif important d’être «un manque de leadership» qui viendrait sauver la nation kurde dans l’histoire kurde (au moins au cours des cent dernières années) et dans la mémoire collective kurde, cet archétype culturel ou Les phénomènes de leadership n'ont pas été autant analysés dans les études kurdes contemporaines. Cette thèse examine le culte de la personnalité autour d’Abdullah Öcalan, fondateur du Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK), parmi les Kurdes de la Turquie contemporaine. La thèse comprend ce culte dans le cadre d'un mouvement plus large vers la sacralisation de la politique et le considère comme un phénomène qui fonctionne non seulement dans le cas kurde, mais qui se situe dans une histoire plus large et universelle de la laïcisation et de la construction d'un État moderne. La thèse a pour objectif de montrer comment le culte sacré autour d'Öcalan doit également être analysé dans le contexte de l'édification de la nation turque, et en particulier en ce qui concerne la manière dont Atatürk a été élevé à un statut sacré dans ce contexte. La thèse conceptualise le culte de la personnalité autour d'Öcalan non pas comme une exception orientaliste, moyen-orientale ou kurde, mais cherche à l'analyser à travers la théorie politique en tant que symptôme des tendances plus larges de la politique moderne. En ce sens, une analyse du statut sacré d'Öcalan parmi ses fidèles suggère des idées qui vont au-delà des seuls intérêts des études kurdes, en mettant en lumière les mécanismes par lesquels le pouvoir politique moderne opère<br>This study attempts to understand Abdullah Öcalan, Turkey’s most significant modern cult of personality next to that of Ataturk in the 21st century, within the framework of Turkey’s Kurds’ perception of him. Basing its arguments on the results of field research, it has endeavored to discuss the sacralization of politics, positively or negatively, in its changing forms through the person of Öcalan. In doing so, it prioritizes the viewpoints of ordinary people and therefore, tries to understand the sacralization of politics not just as a top-down process, imposed by manipulative authoritarian or totalitarian leaders and endured by the masses but also as a field of power and sovereignty that is formed bottom-up, collecting new and different meanings than intended, and taking on new functions in the process.Although the motive of “lack of leadership/ having a head” has been attributed as a historical problem/debate among Kurds in the last century, in the current Kurdish studies literature, there is lack of research on the phenomenon of leadership. However, Öcalan as one of the most significant leaders in the recent Kurdish history and being called as the indisputable leader of the current hegemonic Kurdish movement in Turkey has been studied mainly as part of the works which focus on Kurdish nationalism or the PKK and he has not himself been the sole subject of an academic study. More importantly there is no academic work in terms of place, meaning and function of Öcalan figure as a modern sacred in the diversified lives and imaginations of todays’ Turkey’s Kurds. This study is a first in terms of focusing on Öcalan figure and provides a plural repertoire regarding Öcalan perception of Turkey’s Kurds
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Etkin, Paula. "The Five-Factor Model of Personality and the Structure of Psychopathology in Adolescence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672095.
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This work aimed to study the structure of psychopathology in adolescents, its associations with the Five-Factor Model of personality, the convergence between a general factor of psychopathology (p) and a general factor of personality (GFP), the different etiological models that may explain the relations between these constructs and how personality growth trajectories are related to later psychopathology. Three empirical studies were performed, one cross-sectional and two longitudinal, showing strong associations between personality traits and a bifactor model of psychopathology, specially between conceptually close constructs and largely in line with the continuity hypothesis. The GFP represented adaptive tendencies, high emotional stability and social skills, while p indicated more vulnerability to mental health problems, negative emotionality and high comorbidity, which suggests these factos may be understood as extremes of the same spectrum.<br>Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo estudiar la estructura de la psicopatología en adolescentes, su relación con el Modelo de Cinco Factores de la personalidad, la convergencia entre un factor general de psicopatología (p) y un factor general de personalidad (GFP), los diferentes modelos etiológicos que pueden explicar las relaciones entre estos constructos y cómo las trayectorias de desarrollo de la personalidad se relacionan con psicopatología posterior. Se realizaron tres estudios empíricos, uno transversal y dos longitudinales, mostrando fuertes asociaciones entre rasgos de personalidad y un modelo bifactorial de la psicopatología, especialmente entre constructos más cercanos conceptualmente y mayormente en línea con la hipótesis de la continuidad. El GFP representó tendencias adaptivas, alta estabilidad emocional y habilidades sociales, mientras p indicó mayor vulnerabilidad a problemas de salud mental, emotividad negativa y alta comorbilidad, lo que sugiere que estos factores pueden entenderse como extremos de un mismo espectro.<br>Programa de Doctorat en Psicologia
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Goritsas, Helen. "Beyond the limits of the auteur: on the possibility of an encounter theory of modern cinema." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9493.
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Despite contention and criticism, auteur theory has significantly influenced screen studies for over half a century and has framed the recurring “brand” or “style” of a director’s personal vision as cinema’s major creative force. Bounded as that theory is within one person’s thoughts and defined in terms of a director’s finite subjectivity what of the auteur’s relation with the world beyond their private selves? As a counterpoint to the exaltation of the cult of the director and in order to restore to film its value as a work, both this thesis and my associated studio practice will engage in a meditation on the idea of surpassing the self in the process of creation. This is an acknowledgement of an act in which one is both present but in a moment of leaving the self behind, dissolving the barrier between self and other as exemplified by the director’s willingness to yield to the work and during acts of genuine collaboration. In choosing the human factor, despite the industrial nature of film production, the view of authorship offered - the possibility of an Encounter Theory of Modern Cinema, a dialogical philosophy of transformative meeting will endeavour to broaden the concept of the auteur, beyond the self-enclosed, private subjectivity of the director. Encounter theory is grounded upon the percussive seeds of Personalist humanism which so informed the criticism of film theorist Andre Bazin. Personalism affirms the absolute dignity and value of persons as subjects and not as objects in which each person is not isolated from others but engaged in interpersonal relations. In acknowledging the interdependence of existence, Encounter Theory thus constitutes a refutation of an either/or division and proposes an aesthetics of cinema concerned with “relation between.” The overall aim of this thesis is to explore in depth the film medium’s primary artistic advantage, namely, its capacity to derive benefit from the negation of the presence of man, an acknowledgment of the continuum of existence in the very absence of one’s own self. Andre Bazin’s reflection upon “the world in its own image” interestingly pointed to this very challenge in cinema: the manifestation of the unique image that could overcome the distinction of the subject and object dichotomy, neither the expression of individual subjectivity, the distorting perspective of a singular point of view, nor the representation of illusion, acting as a barrier between life and art. In starting from the premise that it is from relations that we deduce things, it is concluded that “personal vision” is not an isolated phenomenon and that connectedness is an integral part of our relationship to one another and the world around us.
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Fairbrother, Dana. "Differential prediction of life satisfaction in individualistic and collectivistic cultures towards integration of personality and cultural models /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/d_fairbrother_042210.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in counseling psychology)--Washington State University, May 2010.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 29, 2010). "Department of Educational Leadership and Counseling Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-45).
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Elwood, James Andrew. "Enriching Structural Models of L2 Willingness to Communicate: The Role of Personality, Ego Permeability, and Perceived Distance." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/134212.
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CITE/Language Arts<br>Ph.D.<br>Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) is crucial to the development of communicative speaking skills. This study is a cross-sectional investigation of the role in models of second language (L2) willingness to communicate of three personality variables hitherto underresearched in the L2 field: extroversion, ego permeability (one's capacity to tolerate ambiguity), and perceived distance from one's core persona. A sample of 252 Japanese university students responded to a set of instruments used to measure individual difference variables and personality variables; the instruments were drawn from the fields of L2 acquisition and psychology as well as a 5-item instrument designed to measure perceived distance in a series of participatory L2 speaking activities. Confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to validate the respective instruments. The International Posture instrument was best represented by a two-factor configuration consisting of Intergroup Approach-Avoidance Tendency and Intercultural Friendship Orientation, while the L2 Communicative Confidence was altered to consist of three factors (L2 Anxiety, Perceived L2 Communicative Competence, and Extroversion). The hypothesized additions of Ego Permeability and Perceived Distance failed to improve the measurement models, and the original Ego Permeability variable functioned poorly in this context. The MacIntyre and Charos (1996) model had marginal fit to the data even after undergoing considerable respecification. The models of Yashima (2002) and Yashima, Zenuk-Nishide, and Shimizu (2004) were found to have good fit as originally conceptualized, but the addition of Extroversion and paths from International Posture and L2 Communicative Anxiety improved the fit of both models. Collectively, the results indicate that extroversion plays an important role in models of L2 WTC and that the basic models of Yashima and colleagues are robust. These findings provide crucial insights into the process of L2 WTC, an important factor in the students' acquisition of communicative competence.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Herzberg, Philipp Yorck. "Potential und Grenzen des Fünf-Faktoren-Modell basierten Prototypenansatzes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-75337.
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Ausgehend von den klassischen vier Paradigmen zur Messung individueller Differenzen wird die dominierende variablenzentrierte Forschungsausrichtung in der Differentiellen Psychologie hinterfragt und dafür plädiert, diese um einen personenzentrierten Ansatz zu
ergänzen. Die Operationalisierung des personenzentrierten Zugangs erfolgt durch einen Prototypenansatz, der auf dem Fünf-Faktoren-Modell der Persönlichkeit basiert und dessen Potential und Grenzen in dieser Arbeit untersucht wurden.
Zuerst wurde die Anzahl der Prototypen untersucht und diese Prototypenlösung anschließend validiert. Die auf Basis von zwei bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichproben sowie einer umfangreichen Internetstichprobe durchgeführten Analysen konnten
übereinstimmend zeigen, dass anhand der ausgewählten multiplen Entscheidungskriterien eine Fünf-Cluster Lösung anderen Clusterlösungen vorzuziehen ist. Die Replizierbarkeit der Prototypen über unterschiedliche Stichproben verschiedenen Alters, Geschlechts, regionaler Herkunft, Bildungshintergrund, sozioökonomischem Status, Gesundheit
(Allgemeinbevölkerung, Patientenstichproben), Erhebungsinstrumente (Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren, Fragebogen, Adjektivlisten, Papier-Bleistift-Verfahren und internetbasiert) und Extraktionsverfahren (Clusteranalyse, Mischverteilungsmodelle) zeigt, dass Persönlichkeitstypen eine Möglichkeit der Klassifikation von Personen nach der Ähnlichkeit ihrer Persönlichkeitsprofile darstellen.
In vier Validierungsstudien konnten die Befunde zu emotionalen, kognitiven, verhaltensbezogenen und gesundheitsbezogenen Unterschieden zwischen den Prototypen im Erwachsenenalter repliziert und erweitert werden. Wie im Kindes- und Jugendalter zeigt auch der resiliente Prototyp im Erwachsenenalter die beste psychosoziale Anpassung. Für den über- und unterkontrollierten Prototyp lassen sich die Befunde einer hohen psychischen Belastung ebenfalls ins Erwachsenenalter übertragen. Der zuversichtliche und der reservierte Prototyp nehmen eine mittlere Position im Kontinuum der psychosozialen
Anpassung zwischen dem resilienten und dem über- und dem unterkontrollierten Prototyp ein.
Weiterhin wurden der variablenzentrierte und der personenzentrierten Ansatz hinsichtlich seiner Prädiktionsleistung verglichen. Anhand von zwei umfangreichen und heterogenen Stichproben konnten konsistente Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zugehörigkeit zu einem Persönlichkeitsprototyp und einer Vielzahl relevanter Straßenverkehrskriterien bestätigt werden.
Abschließend wurde das Potential der Prototypen als Moderatoren geprüft. Es konnte demonstriert werden, dass die Prototypen den Zusammenhang zwischen dem CRP-Wert und der täglich verwendeten Dosis Prednisolon zur Behandlung der Symptome einer rheumatoiden Arthritis moderieren.
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Fok, Carlotta Ching Ting 1973. "Approximating periodic and non-periodic trends in time-series data." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79765.
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Time-series data that reflect a periodic pattern are often used in psychology. In personality psychology, Brown and Moskowitz (1998) used spectral analysis to study whether fluctuations in the expression of four interpersonal behaviors show a cyclical pattern. Spline smoothing had also been used in the past to track the non-periodic trend, but no research has yet been done that combines spectral analysis and spline smoothing. The present thesis describes a new model which combines these two techniques to capture both periodic and non-periodic trends in the data.<br>The new model is then applied to Brown and Moskowitz's time-series data to investigate the long-term evolution to the four interpersonal behaviors, and to the GDP data to examine the periodic and non-periodic pattern for the GDP values of the 16 countries. Finally, the extent to which the model is accurate is tested using simulated data.
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Jun, Hea Won. "Diagnostic measurement from a standardized math achievement test using multidimensional latent trait models." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51859.
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The present study compares applications of continuous multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) models for their diagnostic potential. Typically, MIRT models have not been used for diagnosing the possession of skills or attributes by students, but several researchers have suggested that they can potentially be used for this purpose (e.g., Stout, 2007; Wainer, Vevea, Camacho, Reeve, Rosa, Nelson, Swygert, & Thissen, 2001). This study applies MIRT models to a standardized eighth grade mathematics achievement test that was constructed based on a hierarchically-structured blueprint consisting of standards, benchmarks, and indicators. Only the highest level, consisting of four standards, was used to define the dimensions. The confirmatory models were defined using the standards that had been scored for involvement in each item. For the current study, the exploratory MIRT (EMIRT) model was interpreted with respect to the dimensions. Then, the compensatory and confirmatory MIRT (CMIRT) models and the full information bifactor model were fitted. The interpretation of dimensions, empirical reliabilities of person estimates, and test- and item-fit were examined. Also, dimension and pattern probabilities were obtained for determining their diagnostic potential. Last, a noncompensatory MIRT model (MLTM-D; Embretson & Yang, 2011) and the DINA model (Haertel, 1989; Junker & Sijtsma, 2001) in use as diagnostic models were analyzed to compare pattern probabilities with the compensatory CMIRT model.
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Bryant-Lees, Kinsey Blue. "Clarifying Personality Measurement in Selection: Applying Item Response Trees to distinguish between Trait Level, Adaptability, and Traitedness." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1566292696557936.
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