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Gustavsson, Josefin. "Modern Slavery Act 2015 : om Modern Slavery Act 2015 och dess innebörd för berörda svenska företags hållbarhetsarbete." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126691.
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Modernt slaveri är ett samlingsbegrepp innefattande människohandel, tvångsarbete och slavliknande metoder och utgör ett globalt problem av mycket allvarlig karaktär. Även i industriländer såsom Sverige och Storbritannien förekommer offer för modernt slaveri. Förekomsten av modernt slaveri är dock som störst i utvecklingsländer, framförallt i Asien, där många multinationella företag har sina leverantörer. I oktober år 2015 trädde brittiska Modern Slavery Act 2015 i kraft, som omfattar företag verksamma i Storbritannien med en omsättning över 36 miljoner pund. Det medför att även stora svenska företag såsom H & M, Sandvik, IKEA och Saab omfattas av lagen. Lagen innebär att berörda företag måste publicera ett uttalande för varje räkenskapsår avseende de faktiska steg företaget tagit för att säkerställa att modernt slaveri varken förekommer inom den egna organisationen eller i dess leverantörskedjor. Har inga sådana aktiviteter företagits, måste företaget likväl enligt lagen publicera ett uttalande som i sådant fall redovisar just detta. Det ställer krav på företagen och deras hållbarhetsarbete, både ur aspekten att det blir enklare för konsumenter att jämföra företag sinsemellan men också genom en ökad press på företagen att kunna redovisa faktiska åtgärder. I uppsatsen undersöks hur två stora svenska företag, IKEA och Saab, arbetar med socialt hållbarhetsarbete idag, i syfte att analysera de troliga konsekvenserna för berörda svenska företag av Modern Slavery Act 2015. Vidare besvaras i uppsatsens analys frågan om Sverige bör införa motsvarande lagstiftning i syfte att utvidga svenska företags sociala ansvarstagande. Slutsatsen är att Modern Slavery Act 2015 kommer innebära att berörda svenska företag är tvungna att se över sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Hur stora konsekvenserna blir beror på vilken bransch företaget verkar i, vilken förväntan samhället har på företaget sedan tidigare samt hur omfattande företagets befintliga hållbarhetsarbete är. Det torde vara en fördel för Sverige att införa liknande lagstiftning, framförallt ur aspekten att problemet med modernt slaveri konkretiseras, uppmärksammas och uppmuntrar företagen till att vidta faktiska åtgärder.
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Morgan, Candice Deanne Marie. "'Modern slavery' : protecting victims and prosecuting culprits : how is 'modern slavery' represented in the Modern Slavery Act 2015, and what are the implications of this representation?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743032.
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Hamlett, Anna. "Human trafficking : a modern day slavery." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1270.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
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Parappathodi, Javaiz Mohamed. "Essays on humanitarian relief routing and modern slavery in supply chains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ESEC0011.
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Selon le bilan humanitaire mondial publié par l'UNOCHA, 274 millions de personnes ont eu besoin d'une forme d'aide humanitaire dans le monde en 2022. La même année, 387 catastrophes naturelles ont été enregistrées dans le monde, touchant 187 millions de personnes. Selon une estimation, en 2022, 27 millions de personnes ont été touchées par la traite des êtres humains liée au travail dans le monde. Aujourd'hui, plus que jamais, l'humanité est confrontée à un défi de taille, ce qui appelle à un regain d'intérêt pour la recherche dans le domaine des opérations humanitaires. Cette thèse traite de deux applications humanitaires dans le cadre de la recherche opérationnelle et de la gestion des opérations. La première application, le problème de routage de véhicules de secours humanitaires crowdsourcés (CHR-VRP), concerne l'optimisation de la logistique des efforts de secours post-catastrophe. La seconde application concerne l'analyse des contrats acheteur-agent afin de réduire l'incidence de l'esclavage moderne dans les chaînes d'approvisionnementAccording to the global humanitarian overview published by the UNOCHA, 274 million people needed some form of humanitarian assistance across the world in 2022. In the same year, 387 natural disasters were recorded world wide, affecting 187 million people. According to an estimate, in 2022, 27 million people were affected by labor-related human trafficking globally. Now, more than ever, human race faces a tough challenge, and this calls for renewed focus on research into humanitarian operations. This thesis deals with two humanitarian applications in operations research and operations management. The first application, crowdsourced humanitarian relief vehicle routing problem (CHR-VRP), pertains to optimizing the logistics of post-disaster relief efforts. The second application pertains to analysing buyer-agent contracts to reduce the incidence of modern slavery in supply chains
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ATUMANE, ALI MOMADE ALI. "CHILDREN TRAFFICKING: PERCEPTIONS OF OPERATING AND MODERN SLAVERY MODES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27285@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O escopo deste trabalho buscou discutir as noções conceptuais da categoria criança e suas diversas dimensões, onde o desdobramento central se delimitou basicamente na articulação da categoria em epígrafe a partir das percepções sociopolítica, sociológica e antropológica, visando demonstrar as complexidades da construção de conceitos fechados e globalizantes diante das sociedades modernas. Neste âmbito, a diversidade cultural, serviu como veículo condutor para revelar os possíveis constrangimentos e contrastes que dificultam perceber as definições da categoria criança. Esta abordagem nos permitiu a apresentação da discussão de projetos e Leis produzidos em nível das políticas públicas para a proteção da criança e dos seus direitos independentemente do seu contexto cultural. E entre tais direitos, eis que apresentamos, neste trabalho, os relativos à não exploração e escravização, assim como a não violência contra sua dignidade. Estes elementos são entre os que constituem o conceito do fenômeno de tráfico de pessoas e por via disso, a nossa abordagem teve como foco tipificar a categoria criança e analisar alguns contextos socioeconômicos e socioculturais que conduzem ao tráfico deste grupo. Porém, a pesar de o tráfico de pessoas não ser um fenômeno contemporâneo, mas tem assumido novas formas de atuação, por isso, na sociedade contemporânea, o tráfico de pessoas se insere no seio das realidades sociais de difícil desvendamento, e em torno disso apresentamos a etnografia de dois casos de tráfico de menores de idade, sendo que o primeiro ficou conhecido como o Caso Diana, que aconteceu na África do Sul, e que teve a personagem principal uma moçambicana que traficava as meninas menores, de Moçambique, para a exploração sexual na África do Sul, culminando posteriormente com a sua detenção e condenação a pena de prisão perpétua. E o segundo, foi um caso de acusação que envolveu cidadãos estrangeiros de nacionalidade turca e alguns moçambicanos na cidade de Maputo (Moçambique).
The scope of this study aimed to discuss the conceptual notions of child category and its various dimensions, where the central development is (basically) delimited in the category articulation (in epigraph) from the socio-political insights, the sociological and the anthropological, aiming to demonstrate the complexities of building closed and globalizing concepts, on the face of modern societies. Based on this context, the cultural diversity has served as a vehicle leading to reveal the possible embarrassments and contrasts that make it difficult to perceive the child category settings. This approach has allowed us to the presentation of Laws project discussion produced at the level of public policies for the child protection and their rights, regardless of their cultural background. Among the rights, here we present (in this work) the contingents to prevent the exploitation and enslavement, as well as violence against their dignity. These are among the elements that make up the concept of human trafficking phenomenon, through which our approach has aimed to focus on, characterizing the child category and analyzing some socio-economic and socio-cultural contexts that lead to trafficking in this bundle. Although trafficking in persons is not a contemporary phenomenon, but it has taken on new ways of working. That is way in the contemporary society, human trafficking falls within the social realities of difficult unveiling. Based on that, we present ethnography of two cases on underage trafficking, the first of which became known as the Diana Case that happened in South Africa, and had as the main character a Mozambican woman that trafficked Mozambican underage girls, for sexual exploration in South Africa, culminating in her arrest and eventually sentenced to the everlasting prison. The second was a case of charges involving foreign Turkish citizens and some Mozambicans in Maputo (Mozambique capital city).
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Newton, Judith. "Fighting modern slavery on Facebook: Clicktivism to offline participation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/233174/1/Judith_Newton_Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigates the obstacles and opportunities that anti-slavery organisations face in mobilising people through Facebook to participate in modern slavery activism, specifically ethical consumerism. A mixed-methods research approach was used, including the content analysis of Facebook communication of two anti-slavery organisations, an online survey of Facebook users, and interviews with Facebook users and anti-slavery organisational representatives. This research finds that how Facebook users engage in anti-slavery activism, both online and offline, is influenced by an organisation’s credibility with Facebook users, the content and style of the posts, and whether anti-slavery organisations’ content is aligned with Facebook users’ information needs.
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Nicholas, Matthew L. "A case study in transnational crime Ukraine and modern slavery." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FNicholas.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs )--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Stephen Garrett, Robert Looney. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-63). Also available in print.
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Slack, Andrew. "'Doing something' about modern slavery : scenes of responsibility, practices of hospitality." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/doing-something-about-modern-slavery-scenes-of-responsibility-practices-of-hospitality(e6934630-941f-45c4-82a5-67501e3b1cdd).html.
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This thesis examines the desire and efforts to 'do something' about what is variously called 'modern slavery' or 'human trafficking'. Neoabolitionist efforts to fight such phenomena are typically wedded to a simplistic and essentialist ontology, unaware of or rejecting their own performativity. The thesis is not about slavery: it is about the ethico-political problem of responsibility and hospitality toward the other in the context of contemporary anti-slavery. What constitutes an ethical response to modern slavery? I explore the often violent effects of particular answers to this question but ultimately argue that the focus on doing something (and knowing it) threatens the very possibility of hospitality - of an ethical response. Through a conceptual vocabulary of 'scenes' I explore the performative interrelation of ontology and ethics. It is intended to help resist the metaphysical seductions of ontology and moral urgency. Scenes bundle specific ontologies, frames, conjured histories and futures, roles and narrative structures, distributions of concern, desire and enjoyment. Response begins with the discursive and affective co-constitution of the self, the one to whom we respond, and the scene in which it takes place. Scene-specific forms of responsibility can operate as a defence against the full force of responsibility to the other. Chapters 1 and 2 develop the notion of scenes and explore how neoabolitionism sets its scenes and locates favoured solutions. The remaining chapters explore those solution areas. Chapter 3 looks at how a US movement against 'sex trafficking' in internet advertising reproduces a Manichean world of simplicity by a game of Whac-A-Mole with websites, ritualistic repetition of baseless 'facts', silencing of sex workers, and aggressive demonization of those who disagree or argue for greater complexity; Chapters 4 and 5 draw on time I spent in San Francisco with two very different organisations. One, Not For Sale, makes a product of experiencing neoabolitionism, joining together charity, capitalism, consumer enjoyment, technology and the excitement of a movement of 'true believers', producing innovative approaches but in the process reinforcing problematic gendered and colonial stereotypes. The other, Anti-trafficking Collaborative of the Bay Area, works quietly and tactically in a messy immigration system, aware of the political and performative nature of their work. They actively take responsibility for their own preconceptions and desires to ground a profoundly hospitable client-centred approach avoiding many pitfalls identified in earlier chapters. The thesis has a performative element woven through it - the ethos of the work is one of unsettling both existing practices and literatures, and the writer and reader. The concluding chapter explores the impossibility of hospitality, its interrelation with juridical subjectivity and the ethics demanding and giving accounts in light of the preceding chapters, suggesting a performative approach toward the other is possible.
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Willson, Ellen. "Modern Day Slavery : An Analysis of Knowledge production within Awareness Curricula." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-159312.
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Slavery is a concept which is usually related to historically, however this issue continues today through a number of different forms of exploitation and can be referred to as modern day slavery. Within earlier research education is discussed as a method to alleviate modern day slavery, through access to education and through awareness. However, within earlier research the problem of modern day slavery is referenced in relation to globalization, yet not considered in relation to the continuation of colonialism. Using the globalization theory and the postcolonial theory this thesis explores the content of two curricula. The curricula have been chosen due to their focus on increasing awareness on the issue of modern day slavery. Through a colonial discourse analysis this thesis problematizes the production of knowledge on the issue of modern day slavery within the curricula. Through a colonial discourse analysis, it was discovered both of the curricula reinforce ideas of modern day slavery in relation to globalization, as seen in earlier research. Furthermore, there was a lack of consideration of the concept of colonialism historically or its continuation. The pedagogical implications of the curricula are discussed following the analysis which are informed by a postcolonial lens. Whereby it is discovered there are differences within the intentions of the curricula and the possible outcomes, furthermore issues arose in relation to overlooking historical trajectories and ignoring power relations on the topic of modern day slavery.
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Sutherlin, Riley. "Modern Day Slavery: The Exploitation of Juveniles in the United States." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193013.
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Johnstone, Owain. "The role of the state in the construction of 'human trafficking' in the UK." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f7998c4-1952-440e-8895-d711bd99bc7a.
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The way in which the concept 'human trafficking' has been constructed in the UK (in the words and actions of law enforcement bodies, state-funded NGOs and courts, for example) has changed significantly since the early 2000s. Yet legal and policy definitions of trafficking have remained largely consistent. This is surprising if we expect the state, through instruments like legislation and policy statements, to authoritatively define particular concepts and categories in a way that then shapes how others think and act. This did not happen - at least not straightforwardly - in the case of trafficking. What, then, was the state's contribution to the construction of 'human trafficking' in the UK? To answer that question, this thesis explores the three most significant state interventions relating to trafficking: a 2007 policy statement, a 2009 set of administrative rules and a 2015 piece of legislation. Each had different characteristics and was used in a different way. I argue that the state used these instruments not to authoritatively define 'human trafficking' but to shape already existing or incipient ideas and assumptions about trafficking. The state collated, codified and legitimised certain configurations of ideas and assumptions through the three instruments discussed. To place the state's activities in context, the thesis also investigates how the state first came to recognise 'human trafficking' as an issue and what influence the concepts and categories shaped by the state went on to have. The former is addressed through identifying the ideas and assumptions that fed into the state's early efforts and tracing their historical development. The latter is addressed through examining the ways in which actors who are engaged in implementing the concepts and categories shaped by the state have had to adapt their ideas and practices in order to do so.
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Jardine, A. A. "Regulating modern slavery : contemporary developments, corporate responsibility and the role of the state." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7976/.
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Today slavery is illegal in every part of the world. It has been recognised as a crime against humanity and a violation of fundamental human rights. Nonetheless, the exploitation, marginalisation and degradation of human beings for material profit continue to flourish in 21st-century society. Sophisticated criminal networks and transnational illicit operations, coupled with weak governance and a high demand for slave labour, has allowed modern slavery to evolve and thrive underground, where vulnerable individuals are exploited for a multitude of purposes. Due to the complex nature of modern slavery, not only is a comprehensive approach needed to address its commonalities, but particular attention needs to also focus on the complexities and challenges unique to specific forms of exploitation. Further, due its transnational nature its regulation requires the involvement and co-operation of various actors in the international community. In particular, one area that has been subject to increasing concern is the role of corporate entities in joining the fight against slavery, by ensuring that their operations and supply chain networks are not tainted with exploitative labour and riddled with human rights abuses. The international community has recognised that while corporate entities have the capacity to promote positive effects such as economic development, job opportunities, and technological innovations, that their operations can also adversely affect vulnerable individuals and communities. Thus, through the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and various human rights initiatives, businesses have been facing pressure to use their global resources, and power to acknowledge their influence and impact on significant global issues such as human rights, modern slavery, forced labour and human trafficking. Separately, as States are the prime guarantors of international human rights, they have an obligation to establish and enforce effective measures to regulate modern slavery, including the conduct of those who violate human rights and engage in the exploitation of people. Concerning unethical business practices, States then have a responsibility to establish corporate liability for complicity in modern slavery and related issues. Against the backdrop of global contemporary forms of slavery, this thesis aims to understand the extent of corporate obligation to respect internationally recognised human rights in the regulation of modern slavery, and challenge the perceived role of firms in combatting slavery in their operations. Moreover, this study considers the role of the State in enforcing CSR in line with its international obligation to protect human rights and combat modern slavery by preventing and prohibiting the crime, protecting the victims and prosecuting the offenders. This thesis will then conclude with an exploration of domestic level operations in the United Kingdom and evaluate what key approaches mean in the support of victims, the prosecution of offenders, and the responsibility of UK businesses.
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Islam, Muntasir. "MODERN SLAVERY ACT (2015): A CRITICAL INSIGHT INTO THE UK’S FIGHT AGAINST SLAVERY & HUMAN TRAFFICKING FROM THE VICTIM’S PERSPECTIVE, A LITERATURE REVIEW." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24265.
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Modern Slavery is a complex type of crime. It may take many forms starting from the forced labor, servitude, sexual exploitation, organ harvesting, slavery, to trafficking and others. UK’s Modern Slavery Act, 2015 is undoubtedly an admirable effort to tackle such heinous crimes in the society however the act is criticized as weak regarding the victim support and wellbeing during and after the identification. All potential victims upon consent are referred at first by the first responders to National Referral Mechanism (NRM) process which is a UK framework adopted in 2009 in line with the council of Europe’s directives to identify & support victims of modern slavery. There are two separate guidance’s regarding the NRM process one is for England & Wales and the other is for Scotland & Northern Ireland. The aim of this literature review study is to explore the wellbeing status of the modern slavery victims during the post identification (NRM) period and how does the act support such victims. The study finds that it lacks a needs-based support system for victims that addresses issues like safe housing, advocacy, adequate so called “reflection and recovery” time period of support resulting in poor trust and confidence among the victim groups upon the authorities. Moreover, structural changes like amendments to the labor, immigration laws are required to make a long-term meaningful impact on the lives of the victims. At last the author provides some recommendations about the matters affecting the lives of the victims the most.
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Dickey, Nathaniel. "More than "Modern Day Slavery": Stakeholder Perspectives and Policy on Human Trafficking in Florida." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3072.
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In recent years, Florida has acquired a reputation as fertile ground for human trafficking. On the heels of state and federal anti-human trafficking legislation, a host of organizations have risen to provide a range of services. In this thesis, I discuss findings from 26 interviews conducted with law enforcement, service providers, legal representatives and trafficked persons to contextualize the variability in the way anti-trafficking work is conceptualized by stakeholders across the state. Additionally, I explore how conflicting organizational policies on the local, state, and federal levels impact stakeholder collaboration and complicate trafficked persons' attempts to navigate already complex processes of social/health services and documentation. Lastly, I provide policy recommendations that attempt to address the major issues associated with anti-trafficking work identified through the analysis of participant interviews.
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Bossert, Andrew Raymond. "The golden chain royal slavery, sovereignty and servitude in early modern English literature, 1550-1688 /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4120.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Pavlik, Kimberly Anne. "A Global Perception on Contemporary Slavery in the Middle East North Africa Region." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10790470.
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Although human trafficking continues to be a growing problem around the world, there are scarce quantitative methodologies for evidence-based research because it is hard to gather reliable and comparable data on human trafficking. It is also difficult to track patterns in human trafficking on a regional or global scale because the victims are a vulnerable population. Using Datta and Bales conceptualization of modern slavery as the theoretical foundation, the primary purpose of this study was to establish a baseline measurement of trafficking predictors in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) as well as understand the statistical relationship between measurements of corruption, democracy, state of peace, and terrorism on the prevalence of contemporary slavery in the MENA region. Data were collected from the 2016 Global Terrorism Index, 2016 Democracy Index, 2016 Corruption Perception Index, 2016 Global Slavery Index, and the 2016 Global Peace Index and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that corruption (p=.017) and state of peace (p=.039) were significant predictors for contemporary slavery in the MENA region. Whereas, terrorism and democracy were not significant predictors. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) to create a central repository for the archival of human trafficking data. The creation of this archive will promote a more accurate accounting of a vulnerable population such as victims of trafficking, thereby increasing awareness of contemporary slavery among law enforcement, policy makers, and scholars.
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Obi, A. "Modern slavery and worst forms of child labour in South Africa: case of the former homeland areas." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016119.
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Despite a progressive constitution lauded as one of the best and most forward-looking in the world, with an advanced Bill of Rights, instances of human rights violations have been detected at all levels of the South African society. The most disturbing revelations have been associated with situations in many farming communities in South Africa. On the basis of a comprehensive nationwide study initiated in June 2001 and documented in 2003, the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) confirmed widespread human rights violations on South African farms. Through the efforts of the South African Human Rights Commission, many of these violations have been brought to the attention of the authorities and there are already numerous actions being taken to contain and possibly eliminate them. Among these is the Child Labour Programme of Action which was adopted in 2003 by the large number of government departments that constitute the stakeholders, particularly those that have responsibility for labour, education, provincial and local government, water services, justice, policing, prosecution, and social development. However, the SAHRC study had limited coverage due to constraints of time and funding and did not pay adequate attention to the former independent homelands. In addition to this significant shortcoming, recent international experience reveals other forms of violations that may not be immediately obvious and therefore go undetected for a very long time. Among these, the International Labour Organization (ILO), together with various non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and other bodies have drawn attention to existence of what are termed “worst forms of child labour”. The latter involves a wide range of abuses to which under-age individuals are subjected against their will and often exposed to hazards that may leave them permanently excluded from formal educational and economic opportunities. The fact that national definitions differ complicates the situation. As a result, systematic investigation is needed to see to what extent local practices compare with international norms and standards. Similarly, the fact that the former independent homelands were not adequately covered in such an important study that aimed to inform policy on the optimal direction of the transformation process also raises serious questions that must be addressed. This mini-dissertation documents evidence based on a rapid appraisal of farm and non-farm environments in two polar regions of the province, namely the Port St John’s Municipality in the Oliver Tambo District Municipality of the former Transkei homeland and Alice in the Nkonkobe Municipality of the former Ciskei homeland. Descriptive and content analysis methodologies were employed to analyze the data obtained from interviews of employers of labour, the labourers themselves, as well as community members and “bystanders” who had opinions about the insertion of children into the labour market. Correlational analysis and logistic regression were performed to draw inferences about the determinants of child labour in the farming system. The indication is that child labour is an established phenomenon whose discussion is however quite sensitive and elicits a wide range of emotions. The role of socioeconomic factors in influencing the decision to engage child labour seems to be quite extensive. For instance, monthly income of household has important practical implications for national and global policy on the use of child labour are foreseen and form the basis for the recommendations put forward to address the associated concerns.
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Robjant, Katy [Verfasser]. "Psychological sequalae of surviving modern slavery and it's treatment using adapted Narrative Exposure Therapy / Katy Robjant." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234912228/34.
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Kotoky, Swagota. "An evaluation of the implementation of Australia’s anti-modern slavery laws by the ASX 100 companies." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29575.
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Australia's Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth) (MSA) mandates businesses earning more than AU$ 100 million to make certain public disclosures, annually. By enacting the MSA, the Australian Parliament aims to assist businesses to prevent and address modern slavery in their operations and supply chains. However, there are questions about the likely efficacy of adopting disclosure-based laws in response to the systemic issue of modern slavery. First, though the term ‘modern slavery’ is broadly defined in the MSA, usage of the term itself is debated. Second, extant literature has identified assumptions in enacting effective disclosure-based regulations as well as their limitations. My thesis discusses the literature on modern slavery and the debate in using the term before empirically analysing disclosures made pursuant to the MSA. Guided by disclosure-based regulation theories, I have analysed the disclosures made by large Australian companies, the ASX 100, pursuant to a key obligation under the MSA, in section 16(1)(d), for a specific period. These disclosures pertain to the companies’ actions for assessing and addressing modern slavery risks in their operations and supply chains, any due diligence conducted, and remedial processes made available during the reporting period. Using NVIVO, I evaluate whether the information disclosed by the resource rich ASX 100 can meet the Australian Government’s assumptions in enacting a disclosure-based regulation in response to modern slavery in business. Having identified limitations in the disclosures I recommend reforms that may strengthen the MSA and make it effective at targeting modern slavery in business.
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Gill, Rodney W. "A History of Overcoming: Nietzsche on the Moral Antecedents and Successors of Modern Liberalism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955072/.
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This work aims to understand human moral psychology under modern liberalism by analyzing the mature work of philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. I seek to understand and evaluate Nietzsche's claim that liberalism, rather than being an overturning of slave morality, is an extension of the slave morality present in both Judaism and Christianity. To ground Nietzsche's critique of liberalism theoretically, I begin by analyzing his "master" and "slave" concepts. With these concepts clarified, I then apply them to Nietzsche's history by following his path from Judaism to liberalism and beyond--to his "last man" and Übermensch. I find that Nietzsche views history as a series of overcomings wherein a given mode of power maintenance runs counter to the means by which power was initially attained. Liberalism, as the precursor and herald of the "last man," threatens the end of overcoming and therefore compromises the future of human valuation and meaning.
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Malm, Eva. "Människohandel: En analys av det folkrättsliga regelverkets tillräcklighet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162612.
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Human trafficking is the fastest growing and the third largest transnational crime. It is driven by the demand for commercial sexual services and cheap labour, and the ample supply of vulnerable people to exploit together with a prevailing system of impunity makes it a highly profitable crime. It imposes grave human rights violations upon its victims, and has devastating effects on society. A global agreement to combat human trafficking – the Palermo Protocol – was adopted by the United Nations in the year 2000. This global agreement provides a legal definition for human trafficking and requires states to take actions to prevent human trafficking, prosecute the perpetrators and protect the victims. Most states have joined this agreement and have made subsequent efforts to implement it. The Council of Europe has adopted a specific convention that even strengthens it. Despite the many efforts to combat human trafficking the number of victims continue to increase and the number of convictions remain low. Some scholars suggest it is because of the incomplete or lack of national implementations, while other scholars suggest the international legal framework is inadequate. The main purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the international legal framework is adequate to combat human trafficking, and to discuss strengthening options. It uses a classical analytical legal method that examines and analyses the most relevant international agreements. Conclusions are that the Palermo Protocol focuses mainly on prosecution, requires too little preventing and protecting measures, and has a weak compliance mechanism. Human rights treaties also address human trafficking but their weak compliance mechanisms make them ill equipped to compel states to act. To combat human trafficking, measures to prevent, prosecute and protect are all crucial, and such measures can probably best be enforced by strengthening all relevant legal areas (human rights law, labour law, migrant law, refugee law and humanitarian law) and engaging all parts of society.
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Lavmo, Ellinor. "Modern Slavery in Southeast Asia : Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Burmese Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Yangon, Myanmar." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, Högskolan för mänskliga rättigheter, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-1138.
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Purpose: The overarching purpose of this research paper is to broaden the understanding of the rehabilitation and reintegration of trafficking victims by illustrating and explaining common rehabilitation and reintegration processes of Burmese trafficking victims, girls and women, in Yangon, Myanmar. As part of that overarching purpose, this paper also aims to analyse how and if the victims’ human rights are being properly upheld. The paper highlights the problem of the state’s actions of upholding human security and the right to possess protection against modern slavery, with specific focus on trafficked girls or women as right holders and the state (in this case Myanmar) together with non-state responsibility-holders as duty bearers. Method: The paper is based on data derived from a field study, with the empirical material gathered through walk-along at a trafficking shelter and semi-structured interviews with several NGOs, IGOs and other actors and in Yangon, Myanmar. Analysis: In Myanmar there is a lack of shelter space and not enough focus on the long-lasting impact of trauma in a trafficked person's life. A majority of trafficking victims that escape from trafficking situations are placed in shelters operated by the Department of Social Welfare (DSW-shelters) for a few days before being repatriated to their families and/or home community. This method, i.e., the repatriation of victims to their respective home community, is cost efficient, but not always in the best interest of the victims as it increases the risk of re-trafficking. Some victims are offered help from reintegration programs where vocational training is a common component, but little other effort is made to rehabilitate the victim from their psychological trauma. Many victims that seek restorative justice within the court system do not enjoy a fair trial, as procedures are unclear, and corruption is common amongst both judges and prosecutors. The lack of restorative justice is another factor that hinders the victims rehabilitating from their trauma as it decreases the chance to fully reintegrating the victims into society on a long-term basis. Finally, the enforcement of anti-trafficking laws is weakened by the fact that the Myanmar Anti-Trafficking Police Force is understaffed, undereducated and overworked.
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Riley, Jamin P. "Misrepresenting Misery: Slaves, Servants, and Motives in Early Virginia." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1332104882.
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Kravchenko, I. O. "Human trafficking is one of the modern problems of mankind." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67146.
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The problem of human trafficking was mentioned for the first time at
the beginning of the 20th century. It is known that this type of trafficking
takes the third place after arms and drugs trafficking. Millions of people
around the world become victims every year. Men, women as well as
children can become victims of human traffic. This type of slavery can
manifest itself in various forms: forced labor, forced begging, sexual
exploitation. According to the data of the International Organization for
Migration (IOM) more than 230 thousand of Ukrainians became the
victims of human trafficking during the period from 1991 to 2016.
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Hidalgo, Pérez Marta. "Una historia atlántica en el Panamá del siglo XVI: los «Negros de Portobelo» y la villa de Santiago del Príncipe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666875.
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En el siglo XVI, el istmo panameño se convirtió en el territorio más estratégico de la Corona española en ultramar. Las dos principales ciudades del istmo, Panamá, en la Mar del Sur, y Nombre de Dios –posteriormente Portobelo–, en la Mar del Norte, fueron conectadas por el Camino Real, ruta por donde cruzaba el oro y la plata de las Indias. Esa importante vía fue clave en la economía de la Corona, sin embargo, nunca estuvo segura. De la esclavitud negra introducida en el territorio como principal motor económico surgió, paradójicamente, la mayor amenaza para la economía del reino: el cimarronaje. El ataque de los cimarrones al camino y las principales ciudades, así como sus alianzas con los corsarios, pusieron en peligro la estabilidad del orden colonial en el territorio.
El cimarronaje se convirtió en uno de los nexos de unión entre la metrópolis y su colonia, pues a través del Atlántico cruzaron en ambos sentidos cartas, relaciones y reales cédulas con el fin de acabar con éste. Sin embargo, ante la inefectividad de la lucha armada por parte de los españoles, a las autoridades coloniales no les quedó otra solución que negociar la paz con las principales comunidades cimarronas del istmo y, como resultado de ello, planificar y fundar villas de negros libres.
Por la importancia que el cimarronaje tuvo para el desarrollo de la historia colonial del istmo, esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar el citado fenómeno durante el siglo XVI –especialmente a través del grupo conocido como los «negros de Portobelo»– desde una perspectiva atlántica y proponer por primera vez una aproximación a la desconocida historia de Santiago del Príncipe, la que podría ser considerada la primera villa de negros libres de América.In the sixteenth century, the Panamanian isthmus became the Spanish Crown’s most strategic overseas territory. The isthmus’s two main cities, Panama, in the Pacific, and Nombre de Dios, later Portobelo, in the Atlantic, were connected by the Camino Real, a road that allowed the gold and silver of the Americas to cross en route to Europe. This vital roadway was key to the economy of the Crown, but it was never safe. Paradoxically, the greatest threat to the coffers of the realm arose from black slavery, which had been introduced into America as the main driver of the economy. The attacks by the maroons (escaped slaves) on the Camino and on the main cities, as well as the alliances they built up with the corsairs, posed a real threat to the stability of the colonial order. The concept of marronage became one of the links of union between the metropolis and its colony, since letters, reports and royal decrees crossed the Atlantic in both directions as the colonial authorities sought ways of bringing it to an end. When their military methods proved ineffective, they were obliged to negotiate with the main maroon communities of the isthmus and, as a result, to plan and found villages of free blacks. In view of the importance of marronage in the development of the colonial history of the isthmus, this thesis aims to analyse the phenomenon during the sixteenth century through a study of the group known as the negros de Portobelo from an Atlantic perspective, and to present a preliminary study of the little known history of Santiago del Príncipe, which could be considered the first village of free blacks in America.
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Arifin, Bustomi. "Critical Analysis of Domestic Worker Condition in Malaysia and Singapore: Ameliorated Economic Condition vs. Gateway to Modern Slavery or Servitude." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23824.
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Some Asian countries such as Malaysia and Singapore have been experiencing economic growth which, in its turn have been stimulating migrant workers, mainly un-skilled, to migrate into those countries. The present paper tries to examine the human rights violations of domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore which are occurring in the form of modern servitude or servitude. Moreover, the paper also tries to elaborate the working conditions of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore. The present paper is using human rights coupled with intersectionality theories in order to examine whether enacted migration policies in Malaysia and Singapore in relation to migrant workers, though migration policies imposed to domestic workers are aimed to fulfill the national interests, can be regarded as a form of modern slavery or servitude . The present thesis is a case study which is examined by elaborating numerous literatures regarding the working conditions of foreign domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore. The factual conditions of domestic workers in Malaysia and Singapore, namely the conditions and policies concerning the limitation of several rights of domestic workers will be described and analyzed under the human rights coupled with intersectionality perspectives.
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Dasilva, Brianna. "Freedoms and (Un)freedoms: Migrant Worker Experiences in the Thai and Vietnamese Fishing Industries." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41499.
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Over the past four years both the media and academia have highlighted the labour conditions and human rights issues prevalent in Thailand’s offshore fishing industry. Even so, little has been written from the perspective of fish workers, and far less is known about fish work in the Southeast Asian region. This thesis contributes to these gaps by exploring the experiences of fish workers in several ports across Thailand and Vietnam, along with former migrant fish workers, to provide insight into labour conditions for fish workers and the risks associated with migration for fish work. To do so, the thesis draws upon four interview data sets involving 40 fish workers (including boat owners and captains) conducted in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia between 2014-2017, along with a review of the relevant literature on fish work, labour, and migration.
After describing the experiences of fish workers in both countries, a number of themes emerge. These include challenges pertaining to recruitment, wages, risks at sea and agency. Each theme is unpacked in turn, to showcase the nuanced experiences of Cambodian fish workers in Thailand and internal migrants in Vietnam, but also to highlight how fish workers navigate complex migration processes. Specific to the Thai context, Derk’s (2010) early work on unfreedoms experienced by migrant Cambodian fish workers in coastal Thailand serves as a framework to compare and contrast working conditions between then and now. The thesis concludes with a reflection on migrant fish work and key areas that require further unpacking within the Southeast Asian context including what is happening in source countries (Cambodia, in this case, but also in other regions in Vietnam), while arguing that a modern slavery framing does not meaningfully protect migrant fish workers from unacceptable working conditions.
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Smith, Lauren. "The Politics of the Visitor Experience: Remembering Slavery at Museums and Plantations." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1587733890900649.
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Golob, Timothy Adam. "Hidden: A Case Study on Human Trafficking in Costa Rica." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7028.
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This is a case study on human trafficking that was conducted on the small Central American country of Costa Rica via a mixed-methods approach which included document review, surveys, and interviews. It was selected due to Costa Rica’s history of fluctuation between Tier 2 and Tier 2 Watch List status on the Trafficking in Persons Report, issued by the U.S. Department of State, over the last ten years. This ranking average indicates that it is one of the worst performing Central American states in efforts to combat trafficking in persons. This finding breaks with Costa Rica’s traditional placement as one of the best performing Central American countries by other indices, such as GDP, Human Development Index (HDI), World Happiness Report, and Corruption Perception Index (CPI), to name a few.
The purpose of this research was to explore the reasons why Costa Rica leads Central America in numerous international measurements of success, yet remains equal to or below other Central American countries in its fight to combat human trafficking. There were two hypotheses. First, Costa Rica has strong economic ties to and reliance on tourism. According to data collected for this study, tourism has become Costa Rica’s primary means of “development,” which has created a neocolonial-style enclave economy and society which responds heavily to the demands of the tourists. This reliance on tourism is associated with choices made by government officials for inaction. Second, low levels of prosecutions and convictions are due to the state’s reliance on NGOs to shoulder the responsibility of efforts. The government even pays the NGOs to care for rescued children to alleviate any burden placed on its own agencies. NGOs operating in Costa Rica run shelters and rehabilitate survivors, head awareness campaigns, and educate. Along with the United Nations, and other IGOs, NGOs have been the main force against trafficking in persons in Costa Rica.
Other findings included issues with the definition of human trafficking under the law, as it is not in alignment with those of the United Nations and the United States. As well, the limited awareness across the country, both for professionals and citizens, is a concern. Poverty, particularly increases in extreme poverty, was cited as a recurring problem by the stakeholders interviewed. Furthermore, the image of the country as exceptional was reported by many interviewees as a barrier to recognizing the relevant issues and combatting them. Finally, the persistent culture of machismo and a political and social culture in turmoil were found to be detrimental to combatting human trafficking, particularly when dealing with gendered crimes, prostitution, and the feminization of poverty and of the marginalization of women and children.
This study has synthesized the data and shows support for a correlation between the aforementioned factors, tying human trafficking to the tourist industry, to political inaction, to NGOs and their activities and responsibilities, as well as to political and social culture and a number of other factors. Prosecutions and convictions remain low, and efforts to fight modern-day slavery remain below the minimum standards. Thus, it is the implication of this study that the notion of Costa Rica as exceptional, as a leader across Central America, is more an image than reality, at least in this case. In reality, Costa Rica is caught between opposing political and social cultures, between Western capitalism, classic machismo, and Costa Rica’s historical notion of peaceful living and exceptionality.
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Gresham, Anne Ellen. "Identifying and Mitigating Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in an Urban Community." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/280.
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Human trafficking, domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST), and commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) are complex and multifaceted occurrences in the United States. As the numbers of youth ensnared in sexually exploitive situations increase, organizations and communities are called upon to address the ramifications of this abuse; little research was located, however, that examined collaborative networks and partnerships that address victim identification and mitigation of DMST and CSEC. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to determine whether strategic partnerships existed within the community under investigation. The theoretical framework was environmental theory, as first described by Florence Nightingale; the conceptual framework was centered on collaborative networks. Research questions focused on victim identification and organizational strategies for collaboration and mitigation of sex trafficking. The research population was composed of 8 individuals working in organizations in a metropolitan area on the West Coast that served victims of DMST and CSEC. Data obtained from interviews were coded, compared, and analyzed for major and emergent themes. Findings indicated that, in the effort to identify victims, these 8 individuals needed to consider all children involved in prostitution as victims and not criminals. Further, their efforts toward mitigation needed to center on widespread education across the broader social spectrum of the issues with DMST and CSEC. These workers identified strategies identified to address DMST and CSEC included the "5 Ps": prevention, protection, prosecution, partnership, and policy. These findings may inform organizations and policy makers about how to make informed decisions about the needs and challenges of addressing sexually exploited youth.
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Golob, Timothy Adam. "Human Trafficking from Southern Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala: Why These Victims are Trafficked into Modern Day Florida." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5026.
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Florida is ranked as one of the United States' top three destination states for human trafficking; many of those victims originate from Mesoamerica--Southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Human trafficking is a growing problem which hinders universal human rights for hundreds of new victims in Florida every year. Mesoamericans have a high risk of becoming victims due to the situations in their home countries. The issue of human trafficking has only recently gained the national and state attention of law makers and law enforcement officers.
This study uses several human trafficking cases to educate and exemplify why Mesoamerican victims are selected and how human trafficking takes place in Florida. The results of this study demonstrate that traffickers use their knowledge of victims and victims' societies to lure and then enslave them into sex and labor trafficking. This research uses criminal cases to illustrate the conditions of the enslavement of human trafficking victims, the methods used by the traffickers, and the culmination of the court cases for both victims and perpetrators. Furthermore, it provides points of discussion to initiate future research and to guide legislature and law enforcement in methods to end this barrier to universal human rights.
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Knutsson, Douglas. "To Regulate or not to Regulate? : Evaluating the Relationship between Prostitution Laws and Trafficking Flows." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390155.
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Yearly, hundreds of thousands of people are trafficked across borders, most often against their will or without their knowledge. Albeit having been a part of our history, our present and, sadly, probably our future, this form of modern slavery remains rather unexplored in quantitative research due to the lack of reliable data. By using a gravity model, this study investigates how trafficking is affected by prostitution laws. The strength of this paper lies in being able to disentangle the effect of prostitution laws on different types of trafficking and to look at both total trafficking flows as well as only cross-border flows. The results point towards there being a mostly negative correlation between legal prostitution and trafficking inflows, however, most results become insignificant when adding rule of law (a proxy for legal enforcement) to the specification. Allowing for third party involvement and solicitation might be correlated an increase in the inflow of victims exploited for sexual services, this is, however, statistically insignicant. For victims of forced labour, results are more equivocal, illustrating the potentially misleading conclusions that might be drawn in studies looking only at the effects of prostitution laws on total trafficking flows.
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Swartling, Malin. "Brexit: A step back in Britain’s fight against human trafficking? : A comparative content analysis of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the EU Directive 2011/36." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444132.
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Human trafficking has become an international issue of significant importance; it is the largest and most profitable organised crime after drugs and arms trafficking. Particular concern has recently been raised due to the Brexit potential ramifications on Human trafficking. There is a risk that the EU directive 2011/36 will be repealed as a result of Brexit. Accordingly, it has been questioned whether the UK national efforts and legislation concerning human trafficking are comprehensive and sufficient enough without the strengthening support of the EU and especially the EU directive 2011/36. Thus, this thesis aimed to determine the impact Brexit will have on human trafficking in the UK by investigating if there will be "gaps" in the UK national legislation on human trafficking. A comparative content analysis was conducted to analyse the UK national legislation on human trafficking, The Modern Slavery Act 2015 (MSA 2015). The Modern Slavery Act was compared with the EU directive 2011/36 to determine how the legislation differed. The method and analysis were conducted on both a latent and manifest level which means it both described the definitions and analysed how the definitions could be interpreted, hence how it affects reality. Based on what has commonly been argued the main reasons behind human trafficking in Europe, the content analysis focused on the definitions of human trafficking, prostitution and protection of migrant victims. Prostitution and migrations are frequently claimed to be the main reasons behind human trafficking in Europe. Due to the risk of the EU directive 2011/36 being repealed, the result of the thesis exhibits the need for the UK to update their national legislation. The MSA 2015 needs to become coherent with international agreements and strengthen the protection of victims of human trafficking. Due to the gendered nature of human trafficking, this research addressed human trafficking from a feminist perspective by applying the "dominance theory" and the "sameness theory". The feminist theories helped analyse and investigate the issue of human trafficking and the potential ramifications of Brexit. Applying the ideas illustrated the patriarchal structures surrounding human trafficking and within the MSA 2015.
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Russo, Alessandra de Moraes Vieira. "Os direitos humanos e a escravidão por dívida do trabalhador rural brasileiro." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2005. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2386.
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O presente trabalho versa sobre a persistência de formas contemporâneas de escravidão, praticada contra trabalhadores rurais do Brasil, mais precisamente do Norte do país. Neste sentido, abordaremos o fato de que a escravidão no Brasil teria sido apenas formalmente abolida, pois ela ainda ela ainda é presença constante neste país. Com isto, será trazido ao debate uma forma específica de escravidão muito utilizada em nosso país, qual seja, a escravidão por dívida do trabalhador rural, mostrando suas peculiaridades, quem são os envolvidos, e quais são os fatores que contribuem para que a escravidão seja uma chaga aberta em nosso país. Também será abordado, o fato de que erradicar o trabalho escravo, é uma necessidade de todas as nações, tendo em vista que escravidão é uma das mais graves violações aos direitos humanos, eis que não retira do ser humano apenas a sua liberdade, mas também a sua dignidade. Desta forma, erradicar o trabalho escravo tornou-se prioridade nacional, pois só podemos falar em Estado Dem
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Karandaeva, Ekaterina. "Irregular Migration : A case study of Italy." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67269.
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One of the concerns of the current study is to analyse empirically and theoretically the economic and political causes of irregular migration to Italy in order to proceed with the critical estimation of the national, international and partly supranational migration policies. Since several theories will be applied during the study it will enable me to fully describe the phenomena of the irregular migration and modern enslavement of the irregular immigrants on Italian territory. I will disregard the fact that each theory is criticised on the grounds of being too concentrated on a few aspects of the phenomena and lacking the focus on all of its aspects due to the fact that the joint use of several theories provides a broader outlook. However, one crucial critique will be taken into closer consideration. Thus, the closer study of the phenomenon of modern slavery, strongly interconnected with the irregularity of migration, the duality of the Italian economy and the restrictive migration policies will bring together both the political and economic approaches to migration, whose split appears as the central critique for a great number of IR theories.12 In the normative part of the study I will focus on the critical analysis of the criminal status of the irregular immigrants assigned to them by the Italian migration policies and the Schengen Treaty of the EU in order to prove that instead of a criminal status, a victim status should be given to all immigrants, regardless of whether they were trafficked into Italian territory or crossed the border on their own free will. Additionally, in the normative part of the thesis I will compare and analyse scholars’ previous findings related to the possible amendments to the existing policies and propose my own conclusions and suggestions of how the laws, policies and governmental focuses “ought to be” changed.
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Dong, Marianna <1993>. "The Face of Modern Slavery in East Asian and ASEAN Countries - A Guide to International, Regional, and Domestic Legal Instruments with a focus on the PRC, Japan, and the two Koreas." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14198.
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Human trafficking represents a global problem and probably one of the most shameful crime committed throughout history, and yet is the most thriving illegal business in modern society, estimated to be the third most profitable business for organized crime after drugs and firearms trade. Millions of people are being trafficked around the world and deprived of their dignity with women, men, and children deceived and forced in exploitative situations every day. The present work will be focused towards women and children trafficked throughout the East Asian region stressing on the issues regarding sex trafficking, sex tourism, and bride traffic, specifically in China, Japan, and the two Koreas due to their rampant practice and the exposure of tens of thousands of women to abuse and violence.
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Smouse, Trisha Nicole. "Assessing the Needs of Human Trafficking Awareness, Services, and Barriers to Access in Central Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275405066.
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Roth, Ulrike. "Thinking tools agricultural slavery between evidence and models /." London : Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/164733117.html.
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Özkoray, Hayri Gökşin. "L'esclavage dans l'Empire ottoman (XVIe-XVIIe siècle) : fondements juridiques, réalités socio-économiques, représentations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP055.
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L’historiographie ottomaniste traitant de la question de l’esclavage s’est surtout concentrée sur la période tardive de l’Empire (XIXe-XXe s.) produisant des livres de recherche et de synthèse (B. Lewis 1971, 1990 ; E. Toledano 1982, 1997, 2007 ; H. Erdem 1996 ; M. Zilfi 2010). Sur l’époque moderne, on dispose d’un corpus grandissant d’études portant sur des aspects ponctuels du phénomène servile. L’objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser la première monographie (en quelque langue que ce soit) sur l’esclavage dans la société ottomane de l’époque dite « classique » (XVIe-XVIIe s.), en s’intéressant à l’esclavage pratiqué dans l’espace privé et non au domaine, beaucoup plus étudié, des esclaves du sultan et du système d’asservissement militaro-administratif. À partir essentiellement de documents d’archives de l’État ottoman, du corpus juridique et législatif et de textes littéraires, la thèse aborde des questions d’histoire juridique, sociale, économique, culturelle et des mentalités. Les axes principaux de la recherche concernent ainsi le cadre juridique doctrinaire de l’esclavage en tant qu’institution et l’application du droit par les autorités ottomanes, le commerce des esclaves, les différentes formes de la main d’œuvre servile, l’esclavage au quotidien, le devenir des affranchis, mais aussi la représentation que se faisait l’élite ottomane de l’esclavage, sujet auquel est consacré un tiers de la thèse. Le cadre géographique couvre les « provinces centrales » (Roumélie, Istanbul, Anatolie), mais des micro-études sont consacrées à la Syrie (arabophone mais indissociable de l’Anatolie), l’Égypte, la Crimée, le Caucase et le KurdistanOttoman historiography dealing with slavery has been concentrated particularly on the later period of the Empire (19th-20th c.) and produced monographs of research and synthesis (B. Lewis 1971, 1990 ; E. Toledano 1982, 1997, 2007 ; H. Erdem 1996 ; M. Zilfi 2010).). For the early-modern period, there is a growing body of articles on localized aspects of the servile phenomenon. This dissertation’s objective is to realize the first monograph on slavery in the Ottoman society of the so-called “classical” period in whatever language it may be. The main focus is on slavery in the private space as opposed to the more well-known and studied sultan’s slaves and the military-administrative servitude (the “kul system”). Based essentially on archival documents of the Ottoman state, legal and juridical records, as well as literary texts, the dissertation tackles problems of juridical, social, economical, cultural history, as well as that of mentalities. Thus the research’s main axes concern the legal doctrine of slavery as an institution and the implementation of law by the Ottoman authorities; the slave trade; various forms of slave labour; slavery in everyday life; the fate of manumitted slaves; but also the representations of slavery by the Ottoman elites (topic to which a third of the thesis is devoted). The geographical framework covers the “central provinces” (Rumelia, Istanbul, Anatolia), but the dissertation also includes micro-studies on Syria (Arab-speaking but inseparable from Anatolia), Egypt, Crimea, Caucasus and Kurdistan
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Mulhern, Margaret. "Social Work Student Perceptions of Labor Trafficking." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1632.
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Human Trafficking in Florida is a growing issue that affects individuals and communities on a micro, mezzo, and macro level. Although legislative efforts and changes in agency policies have raised awareness about this problem, limited awareness and research examines awareness of labor trafficking as one form of human trafficking. This exploratory-descriptive study used a convenience sampling technique to explore the perceptions of 45 Bachelors (BSW) and Masters (MSW) level social work students on the prevalence and nature of labor trafficking. The findings from the research show students have a general idea of labor trafficking and believe in equal access to human rights for victims. However, majority of students were unaware of current legislation to aid victims in Florida, and the prevalence of men as victims. Implications from this study show a need for further education within social work policies that aid labor trafficking victims, and a need for additional research to identify specific ways students can learn about human trafficking.B.S.W.
Bachelors
Social Work
Health and Public Affairs
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Bergenthal, Camila Pinheiro. "Respostas não estatais de combate à precarização do trabalho na indústria têxtil: o papel da autorregulação e das organizações não governamentais." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6987.
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A estratégia da globalização, em que pese ter contribuído para o avanço de diversos setores econômicos, acabou por exacerbar a perda de direitos, humanos e trabalhistas, agravando a exclusão social e as marcas de pobreza por todo o globo, sobretudo no segmento têxtil. Flagrantes de trabalhadores submetidos a situações análogas à escravidão, jornada exaustiva, trabalho forçado, condições degradantes, servidão por dívida, utilização de mão de obra infantil, hoje reconhecidos como práticas de escravidão moderna, são recorrentes na indústria da moda, não obstante a existência de esparsa legislação, no âmbito nacional e internacional, contrária a qualquer tipo de escravidão. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação aborda as respostas não estatais de combate à precarização do trabalho na indústria têxtil: o papel dos direitos humanos e da autorregulação. A pesquisa justifica-se em face da ineficiência dos Estados-Nações na proteção de garantias fundamentais dos trabalhadores que atuam no segmento têxtil. Logo, é mais do que nunca atual e merece destaque diante dos reiterados casos de precarização do trabalho. Lança-se uma proposta sistemática alicerçada no método dialético.
Although the globalization strategy has contributed for the advance of several economic sectors, it has ended up contributing to the loss of human and labour rights, and to the aggravation of social exclusions and signs of poverty around the globe, specially in the textile sector. Despite the existence of broad legislation in the national and international scope, contrary to any type of slavery, flagrant of workers under situations analog to slavery, international human traffic, sexual exploitation of women and use of child labour, practices nowadays recognized as modern slavery, are recurrent in the fashion industry. In this sense, the present paper addresses non-state responses to the precariousness of work in the textile industry: the role of human rights and self-regulation. The research is justified in the face of the inefficiency of the Nation States in the protection of fundamental guarantees of the workers who work in the textile segment. Therefore, it is more than ever current and deserves attention in the face of repeated cases of precarious work. A systematic proposal based on the dialectical method is launched.
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Gacic, Corn Susanna, Diana Mihajlovic, and Lilli Soukka. "Atypisk anställningsform : den moderna tidens slaveri?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17701.
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De atypiska anställningsformerna är vanligt förekommande, men det råder blandade meningar om huruvida de innebär språngbräda för fast heltidsanställning eller om de är till för att uppfylla arbetsgivarens behov för numerisk flexibilitet. Det har debatterats om atypiska anställningsformer skapar differentiering på den svenska arbetsmarknaden i form av A- och B- lag (Kreicbergs 2010:4). Syftet med denna undersökning är att förstå hur personer med atypisk anställningsform inom olika yrkesgrupper, ser på sin anställning. Detta är en kvalitativ studie med hermeneutiskt synsätt. För att samla in det empiriska materialet gjordes halvstrukturerade tematiska intervjuer där åtta respondenter från olika yrkesgrupper intervjuades. Som analytiskt verktyg användes tre teoretiska utgångspunkter; Buckley och Wheeler (2001) förväntningsteori som förklarar motiven till varför individer väljer den atypiska anställningsformen. Atkinsons (1984) flexibilitetsmodell, med kärna och periferi, förklarar hur arbetstagare differentieras utifrån anställningsformen. Samt Standings (2011) teori om prekariatet som tar upp en ny klass som främst består av tillfälligt anställda. Resultatet visar att intervjupersoner uppfattar den atypiska anställningsformen som otrygg. Dock ser respondenterna med akademiskt utbildning flera fördelar med atypisk anställningsform än de intervjupersonerna utan akademiskt utbildning. Fördelarna med atypisk anställning för akademikerna är den ekonomiska vinningen och friheten av att styra över sin arbetstid. För intervjupersonerna utan akademisk utbildning handlar den atypiska anställningen däremot om att klara sig ekonomiskt, samtidigt som deras möjligheter till att påverka sina arbetsvillkor är små.Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället
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Vanja, Hamzic. "Människohandel : en modern form av slaveri - Exemplet Bosnien- och Hercegovina." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2962.
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This qualitative study focuses on the investigation of different actor’s ideas concerning gender and womanhood in a post-socialist nation Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study is to try to provide experiences and attitudes of one not a new, but definitely one constantly changing phenomenon, trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. The qualitative data is mainly collected through nine interviews with people from Bosnian Governments, International organizations and NGOs during my stay in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The causes to trafficking are complex and intertwined but it directly relates to gender discrimination and attitudes on sexual relationships between women and men. The study sheds light on how the global politics and economics development situation and theirs affectsprovide gender segregation through the traditionally structures where men are seen as normative.
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Ribeiro, Glaucy Meyre de Oliveira. "Escravidão moderna: o trabalho escravo no setor da construção civil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6118.
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A presente pesquisa propõe-se a analisar os diferentes tipos de escravidão ocorridos ao longo da história da humanidade com o intuito de responder qual é o fator que leva o homem a escravizar seu semelhante. Para isso, começou-se com a descrição da exploração do homem pelo homem ainda na Grécia e Roma antigas. A escravidão histórica foi um período que mereceu especial destaque na pesquisa por ser um momento emblemático da história do homem. Sua ocorrência gerou consequências que são sentidas até hoje por negros e mestiços em diferentes partes do planeta. Tal período serviu também de parâmetro para a comparação com a escravidão que persiste ainda nos dias de hoje. Esta comparação teve o intuito de perceber quais as semelhanças e diferenças neste dois momentos da história de forma a se buscar a descoberta de mecanismos que levem ao fim de sua ocorrência. Como marco teórico, adotou-se o livro Disposable people: the new slavery in the global economy, do autor norte-americano Kevin Bales, considerado, atualmente, um dos maiores especialistas em escravidão moderna no mundo. Ele traça um perfil acerca das formas atuais de escravidão e pondera que a mesma ocorre em todos os países hoje, em maior ou menor grau, seja este país desenvolvido ou em desenvolvimento. Por fim, ele categoriza os escravos atuais em cinco perfis, analisando a sua existência dentro da sociedade, pontuando cinco países (Brasil, Paquistão, Tailândia, Índia e Mauritânia). Aprofundando ainda mais no assunto, verificou-se os tipos de escravidão encontrados no Brasil. Chegou-se a conclusão de que o setor da construção civil é hoje um dos setores com maior incidência de trabalho escravo no país, com número de trabalhadores em situação análoga a de escravo que muitas vezes ultrapassa aqueles encontrados na agropecuária. Isso torna a escravidão muito mais próxima, uma vez que a agropecuária pode ser uma área que prepondera em locais distantes dos grandes centros urbanos, mas a construção civil está presente em todo lugar. Com tal nível de abrangência, percebeu-se que somente o empoderamento deste trabalhador de forma que o mesmo não aceite e não tenha que se submeter a tal situação garantirá que a escravidão seja verdadeiramente extinta em todo o mundo.
The present research proposes to analyze the different types of slavery that have occurred throughout the history of humanity in order to answer what is the factor that leads man to enslave his fellow man. For this, began the description of man's exploitation by man still in ancient Greece and Rome. Historical slavery was a period that deserved special mention in the research for being an emblematic moment in the history of man. Its occurrence has generated consequences that are still felt by blacks and mestizos in different parts of the planet. This period also served as a parameter for comparison with slavery that still persists today. This comparison aimed to understand the similarities and differences in these two moments of history in order to seek the discovery of mechanisms that lead to the end of its occurrence. As a theoretical framework, the book Disposable people: the new slavery in the global economy, by the American author Kevin Bales, considered, currently, one of the greatest experts in modern slavery in the world. He outlines the current forms of slavery and ponders that it occurs in all countries today, to a greater or lesser degree, whether this developed or developing country. Finally, he categorizes current slaves into five profiles, analyzing their existence within society, punctuating five countries (Brazil, Pakistan, Thailand, India and Mauritania). Going deeper into the subject, he verified the types of slavery found in Brazil. It was concluded that the civil construction sector is today one of the sectors with the highest incidence of slave labor in the country, with numbers of workers in a situation analogous to slave labor, which often surpasses those found in agriculture. This makes slavery much closer, since agriculture may be an area that prevails in locations far from the major urban centers, but civil construction is present everywhere. With such a level of comprehensiveness, it has been realized that only the empowerment of this worker so that he does not accept and does not have to submit to such a situation will ensure that slavery is truly extinct throughout the world.
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Blackwell, J. Mark. "Pauline slave texts : a comparative analysis of modern Biblical scholarship with antebellum commentaries." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422177.
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Algerstam, Veronica. "Människohandel och Arbetskraftsexploatering i Sverige : En rättslägesbeskrivning." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-1306.
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Today it is estimated that around 40 million people are exploited in human trafficking around the world. The Swedish Equality authority (Jämställdhetsmyndigheten) acknowledge that labour exploitation is the second most common form of human trafficking. The purpose of this study is to make a legal status report of human trafficking for labour exploitation in Sweden, and this is done through a legal dogmatic method. The result shows that the Swedish human trafficking-law is connected to the international conventions and protocol through international agreements. The common knowledge of labour exploitation in Sweden is limited and Sweden needs to work with preventative and protective measures to secure the rights of the people being used in labour exploitation. Many of the people being used in labour exploitation in Sweden are foreigners. Sweden lacks protection of migration workers’ rights when it comes to informational measures and protective actions after being exploited. Sweden has a low number of prosecutions for the crime of human trafficking and almost non existing concerning labour exploitation. The Swedish law concerning labour exploitation is in development where a new paragraph, “human exploitation”, was added in 2018. The first case under this paragraph is under appeal to the Swedish Supreme Court and is awaiting the final judgment that will affect the future appliance of the law.
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Valerio, Miguel A. ""Kings of the Kongo, Slaves of the Virgin Mary: Black Religious Confraternities Performing Cultural Agency in the Early Modern Iberian Atlantic"." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500220110065696.
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Sacchi, Landriani Martino. "Naissance du moderne régime de mobilité : politique de l'identification en France (1770-1880)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H021.
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Cette recherche vise à tracer une généalogie des rationalités de gouvernement et d’identification de la mobilité du travail dans la France métropolitaine et coloniale du XIXème siècle. Gouverner la mobilité ne comporte pas un pouvoir simplement coercitif, mais plutôt un certain degré de liberté nécessaire à canaliser et orienter la circulation des individus. Plus précisément, la thèse analyse l’histoire du livret ouvrier en tant que révélateur administratif des tensions qui accompagnent la configuration, la crise et la reformulation du contrat civil classique en France. Par cette technologie d’identification on retrace aussi la genèse globale des notions historiques de travail libre, esclavage et domesticité, dont on suit les métamorphoses à la lumière des politiques de la mobilité après l’abolition de l’esclavage. Les derniers chapitres considèrent la naissance de l’État Providence et des nouvelles pratiques d’identification, telles que l’anthropométrie et les empreintes digitales, en tant que reformulations historiques du problème à la base de notre recherche : comment contrôler la force de travail sans insérer une coercition illégitime sur les corps qui en sont les porteurs? La généalogie du régime de mobilité montre la nécessité paradoxale du libéralisme de cycliquement relancer un projet universel (la généralisation de la personne juridique) afin de pouvoir définir des hiérarchies en son sein (multipliant les statuts par lesquelles l’accès à l’usage de la liberté est filtré). À partir de cette complication on peut repenser le rapport entre souveraineté, État et marché mondialIn this research, we genealogically trace the emergence of modern rationality in the government of the mobility of labor in France and its colonies in the XIX century. Governing mobility does not imply a purely coercive power, but rather a certain degree of freedom, necessary to channel and orient the circulation of individuals. More precisely, this PhD thesis analyses the history of the livret ouvrier as administrative markers of the tensions characterizing the configuration, the crisis, and the reformulation of classic civil contract in France. This technology of identification also allows us to trace the global genesis of the historical notions of free labor, slavery, and domesticity, following their evolution through the politics of mobility after the abolition of slavery. The last chapters survey the birth of the welfare state and of new forms of identification, such as anthropometry and fingerprinting, as historical reconfigurations of the underlying question of our investigation: how to control labor power without introducing an illegitimate coercion on the bodies carrying it? The genealogy of mobility regime shows the paradoxical necessity of liberalism to periodically reformulate a universal project (the generalization of the juridical person) in order to organize internal hierarchies (by multiplying the statutes through which the effective access to freedom is filtered). Through the lens of this co-implication we can rethink the relationship between sovereignty, State and world market
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Schneider, Leann G. "Capturing Otherness on Canvas: 16th - 18th century European Representation of Amerindians and Africans." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437430892.
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Ito, Alec Ichiro. "Uma \'tão pesada cruz\': o governo da Angola portuguesa nos séculos XVI e XVII na perspectiva de Fernão de Sousa (1624-1630)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-03112016-152529/.
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Exercitando um escopo de análise histórico e eclético, a presente dissertação versará sobre o funcionamento de um sistema administrativo misto, arquitetado no formato de nodos interconectados, ou apenas rede, em prol da manutenção de um espaço jurisdicional ultramarino. Nessa empreitada, seremos guiados por duas traves-mestras: a primeira é o interesse nos fenômenos advindos dos contatos intersociais, a segunda é a análise perscrutada da documentação inserida nas Fontes para a história de Angola do século XVII, organizadas por Beatrix Heintze. Problematizando algumas das situações coetâneas pelas quais passavam a expansão portuguesa na África Centro-Ocidental, bem como nos debruçando sobre algumas das indagações levantadas por uma historiografia recente, defenderemos que havia uma série de movimentos ambivalentes e ambíguos no que tangia ao governo do domínio ultramarino da Angola portuguesa. Sucintamente, chamaremos atenção para a importância dos procedimentos e resoluções políticoadministrativas adotados naquele domínio, analisando as maneiras de arregimentação e condução de uma máquina de guerra portuguesa, destacando a importância da participação política de atores e sujeitos centro-africanos nos rumos políticos das chamadas conquistas e abordando as relações institucionais e econômicas entre Luanda e os entrepostos portugueses instalados no interior. Por excelência, as hierarquias internas e os contatos sociais e políticos luso-africanos foram gestados em um ambiente conflituoso, entrecortado por tensões sociais, atritos institucionais e embates políticos. Em ultima instância, concluiremos que ocorriam justaposições e aglutinações entre as formas de dominação e intermediação que faziam parte do funcionamento político e institucional da Angola portuguesa, contanto que duas precondições fossem atendidas: o engrandecimento da exploração economia através do tráfico transatlântico e a penetração institucional e política do continente.Considering an eclectic and historical scope of analysis, this dissertation will argue about the execution of a mixed administrative system, based on institutional nodes interconnected in a form of network system, operated on the behalf of an overseas jurisdictional space. Our efforts will be engaged with two mainstreams: the first is our interest in the phenomena related with some inter-social contacts, the second is the analytical research of the Fontes para a história de Angola do século XVIIs documentation, organized by Beatrix Heintze. Casting some questions related to the different situations concerned with the Portuguese Expansion in the West Central Africa, as well as reflecting some inquiries posed by the recent historiography, here we stand for a settle of ambivalent and ambiguous series of movements emerged from the Portuguese Angolas overseas domain, calling up for the importance of some political and institutional forms of proceedings. They were all managed in order to resolve some issues related with the Portuguese Angola, paying attention to the recruitment and mobilizations of the Portuguese war machine, elucidating how the local political actors interacted with the conquistas and how was carried out the institutional and economical relations between Luanda and the interior entrepôts. All the internal hierarchies and luso-african contacts was settled down in a conflictive environment, crossed through social tensions, institutional frictions and political shocks. Finally, we conclude that some forms of domination and intermediation in the Portuguese Angola were sustained by a correlation between juxtapositions and agglutinations, but only if two demands were attended: the enlargement of the economical exploitation through the transatlantic slave trade and the institutional and political penetration of the African continent.