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Journal articles on the topic 'Modernization and modernism'
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1
Love, Heather. "Introduction: Modernism at Night." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 3 (May 2009): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.3.744.
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Is Queer modernism simply another name for modernism?As Douglas Mao and Rebecca L. Walkowitz note in their introduction to the 2006 collection Bad Modernisms, “[T]here were numerous ways of being outside in the early twentieth century” (7). Efforts over the past several decades to imagine modernism as an expanded field have been remarkably successful. Female modernism, African American modernism, queer modernism, sentimental modernism, low- and middlebrow modernism, and colonial, postcolonial, and anticolonial modernism have all been integrated into a renewed understanding of modernism (or modernisms, as it is often written). In addition, the rethinking of modernism as a set of aesthetic movements in relation to a larger context of global modernity and modernization has turned the inside out. Since few modernists, on closer inspection, appear to have stayed high or dry, bad modernism, outsider modernism, and marginal modernism begin to look more and more like modernism itself.
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Kalaidjian, Andrew. "Synge and Synge: Science and Irish Modernism." Modernist Cultures 10, no. 2 (July 2015): 178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2015.0108.
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Irish modernism from the Celtic Revival to the Republic of Ireland mobilized cultures of science and literature towards the larger goal of national independence. Focusing on the literary work of J. M. Synge and the popular science of his nephew J. L. Synge, I argue that a defining characteristic of the Irish modernist is the ability to mediate between literary and scientific discourses. Such a combined fluency serves to temper the Utopian impulses of Irish nationalism as well as the increasing rationalization of life that occurs during modernization. This modernist sensibility promotes cosmopolitan cultural understanding to validate a resilient national Irish identity upon an international stage.
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THISTLEWOOD, DAVID. "Editorial: Modernism and Modernization of the Curriculum." Journal of Art & Design Education 10, no. 2 (June 1991): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.1991.tb00279.x.
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DAVIS, DAVID A. "The Irony of Southern Modernism." Journal of American Studies 49, no. 3 (February 27, 2015): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875814002448.
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In the first half of the 20th century, the US South lagged behind the Northeast in social and economic development, but in the 1920s and 1930s writers from the US South produced texts that used modernist aesthetic forms to depict poor, rural living conditions. This essay argues that ruralism in the South was a product of modernization, and that cultural development in southern literature preceded modernization, yielding texts that employ a discontinuous narrative technique to depict the rural regions, such as William Faulkner's As I Lay Dying and James Agee's and Walker Evans Let Us Now Praise Famous Men.
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Aydınlık, Sevil, and Hıfsiye Pulhan. "Education in Conflict: Postwar School Buildings of Cyprus." Open House International 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2019-b0009.
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The terms cyprus, conflict, crisis and war have been almost inextricably intertwined throughout the history of this Mediterranean island. The education system played an important role socially and school buildings played an important role visually first in the dissemination of nationalism when the ethno-nationalist movements within the turkish and greek-cypriot communities increased dramatically under British colonial rule (1878-1960), and later in the dissemination of internationalism in the mid-twentieth century. Despite the increased conflict and nationalism, which was reflected by neo-greek architectural elements, the striking impact of the international style turned school buildings into representations of the communities' attitudes towards modernism. By the mid-1940s these attitudes towards modernism also served as a latent way for communities' identity struggles and for the sovereignty of each community to exist. After world war ii the style embodied by many school buildings conveyed science-based modern thought; modernization attempts for political, economic and social reforms; and the strong commitment of the first modernist cypriot architects to the spirit of the time and the philosophy of the modern. Under this scope, postwar school buildings in cyprus are identified as unique artifacts transformed from an ‘ethnicity-based' image into an ‘environment-based' form that is more associated with the modernization, decolonization and nation-building processes from which local nuances of mainstream modernism emerged. At this point the modernization process of the state, identity struggles of the communities and architects' modernist attempts could be interpreted as providing a fertile ground for new social and architectural experiments, and could answer questions about how postwar school architecture managed to avoid reference to historical, ethnic and religious identities when there was an intentional exacerbation of hostility between the two ethnic communities and about school buildings predominantly followed principles of the international style even though both the greek and turkish-cypriot education systems were instrumental in strengthening local nationalisms and even ethnic tensions.
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BANO, MASOODA. "Madrasa Reforms and Islamic Modernism in Bangladesh." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 4 (October 7, 2013): 911–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000790.
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AbstractThe old project of modernizing madrasas has acquired a new zeal in South Asia after September 2011, whereby madrasa reform programmes became an acknowledged soft tactic of the war on terror. With 9000 Aliya (reformed) madrasas, the Bangladesh madrasa modernization programme has been identified as a potentially useful model for the neighbouring states of Pakistan and India who have made slower progress in implementing similar programmes. In this paper I argue that, although the Aliya madrasa system in Bangladesh has succeeded in integrating secular subjects in the madrasa curriculum, in reality this modernization project has failed in its underlying ambition to generate a ‘modern discourse’ on Islam—a discourse that is compatible with the demands of western modernity. The right to speak for Islam is still primarily exercised by the ‘ulama and graduates of the Qoumi (unreformed) madrasas. Aliya madrasas today compete with the secular schools not with Qoumi madrasas. The growth of the Aliya madrasa system in Bangladesh, instead of bearing testimony to the popular appeal of the modernization agenda, demonstrates the preference of Muslim parents for increased Islamic content in the school curriculum
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Firdaus, Mohamad. "TURKEY AND JAPAN: THE QUEST OF MODERNISM IN THE 19TH CENTURY." International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences 3, no. 13 (September 10, 2020): 09–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmtss.313002.
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This paper will deal with the process of modernization of two emerging Asian powers, namely Japan and Turkey, with particular reference to important elements of Japanese and Turkish pursuits of modernization at the expense of growing Western penetration into their countries. This will specifically deal with the Meiji Restoration and Tanzimat Reforms where the process of modernization has taken place. Furthermore, there will be a discussion on the efforts of Turkish statesmen and Japanese statesmen in their attempts to modernize several aspects of vital institutions in Turkey and Japan as well as issues concerning the modernization encountered by the Japanese statesmen and Turkish counterparts in their countries. Sources for this analysis will be taken from studies of both Western writers and inside writers on modernization in Japan and Turkey. The ability of Japanese and Turkish statesmen to adopt and adapt foreign practices which infused with local circumstances suggests that they are capable of modernizing their respective countries by their own rights.
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Valencia-Mosquera, Carolina. "Los embates de la modernización asumidos desde el modernismo pugilista." Jurídicas 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/jurid.2019.16.2.5.
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Díaz Freire, José Javier. "Los tiempos de la modernidad. A propósito de Marshall Berman / Times of Modernity. Regarding Marshall Berman." Historiografías, no. 11 (December 27, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_historiografias/hrht.2016112375.
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Modernity, modernization and modernism have being scrutinized thoroughly in humanities since the 1990s. They bear the accusation of harbouring a normative content, which would render it not useful for social analysis. This essay states that in order to make those terms adequate for historiography, the concept of time that is at its core has to be openly discussed and even modified. To this purpose, the article regains the debates that followed the publication of All that is Solid Melts into the Air (1983) by Marshall Berman, and concludes that to free the concept of modernity from its constraints, a heterogeneous concept of time is needed, instead of the homogeneous one which has traditionally prevailed.Key WordsModernity, modernism, modernization, homogeneous time, hetero-temporality.ResumenLa modernidad y también la modernización y el modernismo han sido sometidos a un intenso escrutinio por parte de las humanidades desde los años noventa. Se les acusa de alojar un contenido normativo, lo que ha puesto en cuestión su utilidad para el análisis social. Este artículo sostiene que, para hacer de ellos términos adecuados para el análisis histórico, se debe discutir abiertamente e incluso modificar el concepto de tiempo que se contiene en dichas categorías. Para ello este artículo recupera el debate que suscitó la publicación del libro de Marshall Berman Todo lo sólido se desvanece en el aire (1982), y concluye que para liberar el concepto de modernidad de sus restricciones, la historiografía necesita de una idea de tiempo heterogéneo que sustituya al homogéneo que la ha caracterizado tradicionalmente.Palabras claveModernidad, modernismo, modernización, tiempo homogéneo, tiempo heterogéneo.
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Kalia, Ravi. "Modernism, modernization and post‐colonial India: a reflective essay." Planning Perspectives 21, no. 2 (April 2006): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665430600555289.
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Petrulis, Vaidas. "CULTURAL CENTRES AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIALIST MODERNIZATION OF VILLAGE AREAS IN LITHUANIA / KULTŪROS NAMAI KAIP SOCIALISTINĖS LIETUVOS KAIMO MODERNIZACIJOS ELEMENTAS." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 36, no. 3 (October 9, 2012): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2012.732484.
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The article analyses the building boom of Houses of Culture in Lithuanian SSR during the time of socialist modernism. The object of the paper is being analyzed with an attempt to reveal the tight relation between political, economic and architectural spheres. First of all research concentrates on questions of Soviet ideological and economic interests and the result of these interests –a regional planning scheme of Lithuania, which has been implemented through the principles of modernism, and especially Constantine's Doxiadis idea of “total architecture”. Then the text analyses how these principles of mid-century modernism have been transferred through the prism of ideology and, in Lithuanian case, led to very painful social consequences - massive displacing of individual home-steads and transferring the inhabitants to the newly created settlements. The House of Culture is presented as the representative face of these political-economic objectives of rural modernization. The article also makes a suggestionthat these objects are an interesting and important part of modernist legacy of Lithuania, perfectly reflecting interconnections between international modernism and the ideology of the Soviets under the circumstances of local provincial life. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojamas buvusios Lietuvos SSR kultūros namų statybos bumas socialistinio modernizmo laikotarpiu. Darbo objektas tekste tiriamas siekiant atskleisti glaudžią politinių, ekonominių bei architektūrinių veiksnių sąveiką. Tekste nagrinėjama, kaip veikiant ideologiniams bei ekonominiams interesams formuojamas urbanistinis Lietuvos tinklas, kuris buvo įgyvendinamas pasinaudojant modernizmo ir ypač Konstantino Doksiadžio „totalinės architektūros“ idėjomis. Toliau pristatoma, kaip šie amžiaus vidurio modernistiniai principai, perleisti per ideologijos prizmę, Lietuvoje įgavo itin skaudžias socialines pasekmes – masinį individualių gyventojų sodybų naikinimą ir gyventojų kėlimą į naujai kuriamas gyvenvietes. Kultūros namai tekste pateikiami kaip šios politinių ir ekonominių tikslų vedinos kaimo modernizacijos reprezentacinis veidas. Straipsnyje taip pat iškeliama mintis, kad kaimo modernizaciją lydėję objektai yra įdomus ir svarbus lietuviškojo XX a. architektūros palikimo fragmentas, puikiai atspindintis tarptautinių idėjų ir sovietinės ideologijos jungtį lokalioje Lietuvos provincijos terpėje.
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MATTL, SIEGFRIED. "THE AMBIVALENCE OF MODERNISM FROM THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC TO NATIONAL SOCIALISM AND RED VIENNA." Modern Intellectual History 6, no. 1 (April 2009): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244308002011.
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Focusing on the spectacular propaganda exhibitions “Degenerate Art” and “Degenerate Music,” critical studies of Nazism's art policy long considered the regime's public attack on modernism and the turn to pseudo-classicism as decisive proof of Nazism's reactionary character. Studies such as Die Kunst im Dritten Reich (1974), which inspired broader research on the topic in the early 1970s, subscribed to a modern conception of aesthetics in which art expresses complex systems of ideas in progress. Artistic style, from this perspective, corresponded to political tendencies and reflected the traditional divide between conservatism and progressivism. But those boundaries have become blurred in the wake of more recent research, which has demonstrated the involvement of modernist artists in Nazi art (e.g. members of the Bauhaus involved in National Socialist architecture or avant-garde filmmakers such as Walter Ruttmann in National Socialist propaganda films) and, conversely, the continual performance of popular jazz music in the Third Reich (e.g. in radio programmes). Seen against such instances of modernist collaboration and its own occasional mimicry of modernism, National Socialism acquires a more ambivalent profile, characterized by the ongoing conflict between reactionary factions and those who favoured modernization for various reasons.
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Quamar, Md Muddassir. "Islamic Modernism and Saudi Arabia: Confluence or Conflict?" Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2, no. 1-2 (March 2015): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798915577718.
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Debates on Islamic modernism has its roots in Egypt, Iran and British India during the late nineteenth century as Muslim societies reacted to modern thought coming from the West. The Arabian Peninsula, more importantly its central region of Najd, remained secluded from such ideas as Wahhabi-Islam dominated the socio-political landscape. Once the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was formed, its founder Ibn Saud chose to introduce modern administrative, economic, scientific, educational and technological tools to stabilise the polity with aspiration to become a modernized state from a tribal political union. The alliance of Al Saud and Al Shaikh managed to align pre-dominant section of the society that accepted their Political legitimacy. Ibn Saud pioneered the method of ruling in the name of Islam and modernization. Subsequently, the monarchy stuck to the formula, using its commitment towards modernization and Islamic heritage as the means for sustaining the legitimacy. The process could be further strengthened due to generation of massive oil-wealth and gradual but sustained process of modernization. It, however, has impacted the individual and collective thought process of citizens leading to a change in people’s attitude and aspirations. In fact, modern judicial and political elements too have been introduced to adjust to changing realities, more so during the last two decades. This article raises the question whether the co-existence of Islam and modernity in the Saudi context can be seen as a confluence or it can only be seen through the lens of conflict? It argues that even though everything cannot be explained through an Islamic modernist perspective, it can best explain the process of reform and change being experienced in Saudi Arabia.
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Doordan, Dennis. "Design: Critical and Primary Sources. Design Reform, Modernism and Modernization." Design Issues 35, no. 2 (March 2019): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_r_00540.
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Jacob, Preminda S. "Between Modernism and Modernization: Locating Modernity in South Asian Art." Art Journal 58, no. 3 (1999): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/777860.
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Jacob, Preminda S. "Between Modernism and Modernization: Locating Modernity in South Asian Art." Art Journal 58, no. 3 (September 1999): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1999.10791953.
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Thompson, Mark R. "East Asian Authoritarian Modernism: From Meiji Japan’s “Prussian Path” to China’s “Singapore Model”." International Studies Review 17, no. 2 (October 19, 2016): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01702006.
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The significance of Meiji Japan’s “Prussian path” to authoritarian modernity has largely been ignored in the social sciences because it contradicts prevailing modernization theory. Meiji Japanese reformers, after carefully examining several Western country’s political systems, chose the German model because of its illiberal but modern politics. This argument regarding the authoritarian modernity of Imperial Germany and Meiji Japan contradicts modernization theory which claims that advanced industrialization leads to liberal democracy. Similarly, Meiji Japan’s influence on the “developmental states” of East Asia (East and Southeast Asia) has not been given much weight by modernization theories. More recently, Singapore’s successful combination of non-democratic rule with advanced capitalism has been dismissed as a (literally) small exception to the general democratizing rule, with even autocratic China expected by modernization theorists to democratize soon given its rapid economic growth over the past generation. This article explores the impact of the Imperial German model of authoritarian modernism on Meiji Japan and, in turn, Japanese influence on political development in East Asia as well as the influence of the “Singapore model” on China. It explores three forms of linkages: social structural, state formational, and ideological.
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Sya'bani, Mohammad Ahyan Yusuf. "Islam Modernism Movement in Indonesia (Muhammadiyah Modernization and Dynamism in Education and Socio-Religious)." Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v5i2.12991.
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The modernization / renewal and dynamization effort in the field of education and socio- religious needs to be done given the condition of past and present Muslims has not shown significant progress. Religion and social life are not made as a unity of living systems so that the mindset and behavior patterns of Muslims experience various disorientation of life journey. For this reason, it is necessary to research the modernization and dynamism of Muhammadiyah (which is one of the religious-based social organizations) in the field of education and socio- religious. This research method is research with type of literature study (literature study) with method of historical approach (history). Data collection techniques with documentation techniques. The research results show: the field of education, modernization and dynamism of Muhammadiyah in the form of integration of science of religion and general science, and still follow the pattern of education applied by the government. While the social and health aspects of the modernization process conducted by holding health equipment such as handling the eye disease problem and make health and social aspects as an integral thing with the establishment of PKU (Helper of Public Misery) .In the field of religion, Muhammadiyah undertakes modernization and dynamism by combining religious knowledge and general science in Muhammadiyah schools, conducting religious studies open space for direct discussion, and establishing the Tarjih assembly as an effort to unify the religious understanding of Muslims so as not to be divided.
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Rotar, Nataliya. "Critique of Reflective Modern Theory in Contemporary Political Science." Mediaforum : Analytics, Forecasts, Information Management, no. 8 (December 28, 2020): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mediaforum.2020.8.132-147.
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The article studies the main lines of criticism of the theory of reflexive modernism. It is proved that in modern political science it unfolds around certain provisions of the theory of reflexive modernism. It is substantiated that Eurocentrism of the definition and interpretation of reflexive Art Nouveau, characteristic of the studies of U. Beck, A. Giddens, and J. Habermas, is criticized. A critical attitude towards eurocentrism of reflexive modernism provoked the formation of the idea of the probability and reality of the multiplicity of modernities (for example, Asian concepts of compressed modernity and enhanced modernization). It is proved that the most important vectors of criticism of the theory of reflexive modernism are: (1) the role and functions of political time and chronopolitics in different cultures and political systems; (2) the functional characteristics of political actors, primarily the state and citizen; (3) the scientific position according to which political and politics in the framework of the realities of reflexive modernism cannot remain in a stable form, therefore it is inevitable to identify new institutional characteristics of modernity that significantly expand the concept of radical modernism; (4) the need to clarify such a characteristic feature of reflective modernity as changing the system of control over the means of violence; (5) the search for the limits of application of the theory of reflexive modernism in the study of political processes in the modern world.
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Blikharskyi, Roman. "«The truth and her shadow»: anti-modern rhetoric on the pages of the Galiсian religious journals of the second half of the XIX — early XX century." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 10(28) (January 2020): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2020-10(28)-6.
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In the XIX century and the first half of XX century, scientists A. Comte, M. Weber, H. Spencer, E. Durkheim, G. Simmel, and Ch. Cooley developed a theory explaining the social reality in which a person exists. The result of their work was a theory of modernization that describes a transition from the traditional to the modern society. Further on, due to various historical vicissitudes, the theory of modernization has undergone significant changes. In the first half of the XX century universal theory of modernization has been criticized. By shaping a new approach to the study of global transformations in society, scientists began considering cases of nonlinear progress or regression, since the model of the Western society’s functioning does not always adequately apply to the description of the functioning of other societies. Among the presumable counterpoints in the history of civilization, which scientists define as the beginning of modernity, are The Age of Discovery, The Industrial Revolution, and The French Revolution. Specifically, the French Revolution has significantly influenced the process of secularization of the European society, and contributed to the diminished presence of the Catholic Church on the international political scene, as well 86 as a gradual removal of religion from the life of modern human. The media played a significant role in reforming the socio-political, cultural and economic dimensions of the Western society, as the press was an important means of promoting modernization ideas. At the same time, the religious press was a key platform of criticism of modernization. At the end of the XIX — early XX centuries, a number of articles there were published on the topic of modernization in the secular and religious spheres, on the pages of the Lviv religious journals: «Ruskii Sion», «Dushpastyr», «Nyva». The authors of the «Nyva» journal in their publications rested upon the concept of modernism put forward by the Vatican. The latter concept concerned the young generation of Catholic theologians in Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany. They were united by their shared views concerning the Christian Church’s status in a changing world. Catholic reformers sought to revise the Catholic Church doctrine, taking into account the relevant trends of subjectivism and criticism of that time. The authorship of the «Ruskii Sion» and «Dushpastyr» criticized the ideas of reducing the influence of religion in science, culture and politics. The authors of these journals argued that the enemy of modern society is not the Church, but speculative modernism, which is a source of false values. On the contrary, the church is a deterrent for the modern political and economic system absorbing human. We conclude that it is incorrect to presume that modern Ukraine (with the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church as one of the major denominations) was molded under the influence of religion, gi ven that the key processes of modernization (urbanization, industrialization, and so on) were accomplished accordingly to the model diverging with the Catholic, Christian, ideals. Therefore, the question of the peculiarities of the scenario of the modernization of the Ukrainian society and the role played by religion and the religious press in this process remains open. Keywords: religious press, modernization, civilization, secularization, Christianity, Catholicism, Church document, religious modernism.
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Bonneui, Christophe, and Frederic Thomas. "Purifying Landscapes: The Vichy Regime and The Genetic Modernization of France." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 40, no. 4 (2010): 532–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2010.40.4.532.
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This article argues that "genetic modernism" in seeds was simultaneously a technoscientific and a political project that materialized under wartime Vichy's proto-fascist regime and that contributed to shaping and legitimizing Vichy as a "planner state." The constitution of the genetically homogeneous cultivar as a scientific object, a market commodity, and a state policy object went hand in hand during the Vichy regime. A new biopolitical connection between state and seeds emerged, in which seeds were considered a priority target for state intervention because they were seen as the easiest path toward transforming agricultural practices so as to meet pressing needs for a sufficient and autonomous food supply (autarky). The state acquired the power of life and death over plant genomes in the nation's landscapes and enacted a phytoeugenics that was both positive (aiming to encourage the diffusion of varieties deemed healthy or higher yielding) and negative (aiming to suppress varieties deemed obsolete). The ontology of "genetic modernism" considered living beings as having an intrinsic genetic identity, sealed off from the vagaries of the environment, and favored serial and stable forms of life, which were achieved materially through the production of plant populations composed of isogenotypic individuals (clones, pure lines, F1 hybrids). Such pure line ontology, planned seed-economy practices, and metrological arrangements articulated a biopolitics geared towards superseding a nexus of biocultural crop evolutionary processes under farmers' management with centralized planning of genetic progress. This turned Vichy France into a huge biopolitical laboratory. It also left major legacies in the post––World War II decades.
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Kruger, Loren. ""Stories from the Production Line": Modernism and Modernization in the GDR Production Play." Theatre Journal 46, no. 4 (December 1994): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3209072.
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Szolláth, Dávid. "Literary Modernism, Anti-Semitism Jewishness and the Anxiety of Assimilation in Interwar Hungary." Hungarian Cultural Studies 10 (September 6, 2017): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2017.296.
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In this paper I will provide a brief overview of early twentieth-century, Hungarian history in order to examine how anti-Semitism and anti-modernism influenced modernism’s reception in fin- de- siècle Hungary. In 1908 the most significant Hungarian literary review of the twentieth century was founded by Hugo Ignotus, Miksa Fenyő and Ernő Osvát, all of whom were assimilated Jews. The journal’s title, Nyugat, [‘West’] unambiguously marked the editors’ orientation and program of accelerating cultural modernization by reviewing and translating Western European works. For conservatives this aim of transferring aestheticism, late Symbolism and decadence was regarded as an attack against the nation’s patriotic traditions. Anxiety surrounding the Jewry’s purported “failed assimilation” was compounded by the fear that a foreign culture would have an undue impact on Hungarian literature. It is my aim to analyze both the first and second wave of modernism in Hungary so as to reveal the analogous relationship between the argument that Western European modernism is alien to the Hungarian literary style and language and the anti-Semitic argument stating that assimilation of the Jews is superficial.
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Wanucha, Elizabeth. "Family in the Arabian Peninsula." Hawwa 16, no. 1-3 (November 27, 2018): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341339.
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AbstractThough in many ways the demographics and other characteristics of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf follow the proscribed pathways to modernity, the Arab societies in the region have not completely abandoned their traditional characteristics in the wake of modernization and globalization forces. These societies have found a way to consolidate the external and internal pressures and exist somewhere on a four-way spectrum between “modern traditionalism” and “traditional modernism” on one axis, and between “global traditionalism” and “traditionalized globalization” on the other. The Arab societies of the Persian Gulf fit neither into the “cultural maintenance” nor “modernization” category, but exist and thrive in some space in between, making it an interesting area of study in need of more research.
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Tallack, Douglas. "Siegfried Giedion, Modernism and American Material Culture." Journal of American Studies 28, no. 2 (August 1994): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800025433.
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The Swiss architectural critic and historian of technology, Siegfried Giedion, was born in 1893 and died in 1968. Space, Time and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition (1941) and Mechanization Takes Command: A Contribution to Anonymous History (1948) are his two most well-known books and both came out of time spent in the United States between 1938 and 1945. World War Two kept Giedion in America though he, unlike many other German-speaking European intellectuals, came home and in 1946 took up a teaching position at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich where he later became professor of art history. While in the United States he delivered the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures (1938–39), saw them in print as Space, Time and Architecture, and also completed most of the research in industrial archives and patent offices for Mechanization Takes Command. These two books are an important but, for the past twenty years, a mostly neglected, analysis of American material culture by a European intellectual, whose interests in Modernism included painting — notably Cubism and Constructivism — as well as architecture and planning. The period which saw the publication of Giedion's key works is, itself, an overlooked phase in the trans-Atlantic relationship between Modernism and modernization.
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Naz, Asmat. "Globalization: A Source of Modernism among the Women in Pakistan." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i1.13.
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Globalization is the process, which highly effecting the people living in different parts of the world, by the huge transformation of socio-cultural tones. It is the process of increasing interconnectedness between the people and societies as the incidents in any part of the world have more effects on people and societies of the world. Through globalization the world has changed into a global village. The globalization is also influencing the women of every society. In Pakistan the women are living in a traditional conservative structure of the society. Yet, they are adopting the changing patterns of modernization under globalization. The women of Pakistan are trying to enhance their capabilities and transforming the traditionalism with the modernism. They are advancing in every field of life like men. The research study focuses on the social, educational, economical and political as well as humanitarian status of the women in Pakistan. It also emphasizes on different aspects of modernism and intellectual diversity in women’s life and their struggle to compete the modern challenges of globalization. The proposed empirical research based on theoretical approaches elaborates the transformation and modernism among the women and its impacts on socio-cultural and economic development of Pakistan.
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Hartono, Hartono. "Menuju Modernisasi Pendidikan Islam." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 4, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sh.v4i3.276.
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<p><em>Abstract</em> – <strong>This discussion explain about the effort to modernize the Islamic education system that has downturned because of the moslems weakness condition. Therefore, the moslem majority population countries attempt to escalate the downturn on resultingthe excellent modern education system.</strong></p><p><em><strong>Kata Kunci</strong> - modernisasi, modernitas, modernism.</em></p><p><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Pembahasan ini menjelaskan tentang upaya memodernisasi pendidikan Islam yang sempat mengalami keterpurukan disebabkan oleh kondisi kelemahan umat Islam. Oleh karena itu Negara-negara Islam khususnya berupaya untuk bangkit mengejar ketertinggalannya dengan menghasilkan pendidikan yang moderen.</strong></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong> – modernization, modernity, modernism.</em></p>
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Hanafi, Hassan. "Tradition and Modernism between Continuity and Discontinuity: Possible Models and Historical Options." Asian Journal of Social Science 33, no. 3 (2005): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853105775013616.
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AbstractThis article discusses three models of continuity and discontinuity as the subjects of an intercultural philosophy based on the historical experiences of peoples and cultures, instead of on hypothetical and purely theoretical reflections. There are three main models, each of them dominating a specific cultural area: the Western model of discontinuity between tradition and modernity, the Eastern model of juxtaposing the old and the new, and the Islamic model of change through continuity as it exists, for instance, in Southeast Asia. Each model represents a specific way of negotiating tradition and modernity. Each of them has developed particular tools for modernization and is characterized by specific tensions and challenges as well as by struggling with setbacks and imbalances.
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Chowdhury, Mitu. "Impact of Modernization on Socio-economic Development of Manipuri Communities: A Sociological Studies." Journal of Sociological Research 12, no. 2 (July 24, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v12i2.18932.
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The Manipuri communities are very industrious. Very rich or extremely poor families are rare among them. So they do not work as day labourer or rickshaw puller. This is the expression of their modernism. This study was conducted an informative research work on the effects of modernization on the socio-economic development of Manipuri people. Five sampling areas were selected purposively – Kewa para, Sibganj, Noya bazar, Lama bazar and Sagar dighir par Manipuri para of Sylhet city in Bangladesh. Following a systematic sampling, a total number of 100 Manipuris participants were selected from the 20 families from each of the 5 sampling. This study also revealed that most of the respondents 73% have educational qualification between SSC to Master Degree. Above 28% respondents are slight modern and 24% respondents are modern. So it proved that impact of modernization on profession. The observed that the Manipuri people are suffering from various diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery, gastric, coughing, rheumatic fever. Around highest 60% respondents are took allopathic treatment. It was a positive response to modernization. The finding of the current research might be helpful to future national policies of Bangladesh.
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MEHAN, Asma. "“TABULA RASA” PLANNING: CREATIVE DESTRUCTION AND BUILDING A NEW URBAN IDENTITY IN TEHRAN." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1355277.
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The concept of Tabula Rasa, as a desire for sweeping renewal and creating a potential site for the construction of utopian dreams is presupposition of Modern Architecture. Starting from the middle of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, Iranian urban and architectural history has been integrated with modernization, and western-influenced modernity. The case of Tehran as the Middle Eastern political capital is the main scene for the manifestation of modernity within it’s urban projects that was associated with several changes to the social, political and spatial structure of the city. In this regard, the strategy of Tabula Rasa as a utopian blank slate upon which a new Iran could be conceived “over again” – was the dominant strategy of modernization during First Pahlavi era (1925–1941). This article explores the very concept of constructing a new image of Tehran through the processes of autocratic modernism and orientalist historicism that also influenced the discourse of national identity during First Pahlavi era.
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Petrushyna, T. O. "Sociological Comprehension of the Preset-Day Ukrainian Society Modernization." Science and innovation 16, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine16.05.003.
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Introduction. Despite its widespread usage, the concept of “modernization” is not clearly defined. Concretization of its meaning depends on the researcher’s worldview position. Problem Statement. The introduction of neoliberal economic principles did not lead to the improvement of society and the growth of human well-being. It transformed Ukraine into a raw-material appendage of global capitalism and the poorest country in Europe. Purpose. To analyze public opinion on the modernization of Ukrainian society and identify the prospects for science and innovative development in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. Analysis of statistical information and scientific publications on the problems of modernization, data of the sociological monitoring of social changes in Ukrainian society and two expert surveys (scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and specialists on innovative development). Results. The author has proved that the transformation of Ukrainian society is not, in essence, a modernization. It is a neoliberal experiment under the guise of modernism, which rejected Ukraine from the cohort of the most industrially and scientifically developed countries to the periphery of the modern world, led to impoverishment and total despair of the majority of citizens. The author substantiates that it is impossible to modernize Ukraine and turn to innovative development within the existing neoliberal model and the oligarchic power rooting. As a result of financial genocide and the lack of state support, science in Ukraine is deprived of the opportunity to effectively perform its public functions, in particular, to be one of the decisive agents of modernization of society in the interests of all citizens. Conclusions. The specific political and ideological interests of a global capital stand behind the theory of modernization as an ideological and theoretical construct of modernity. The theory and practice of neoliberal modernization imposed on Ukraine as the main mean of reaching the path of successful socio-economic development have not lived up to the expectations and led to a chronic crisis state of the society. It requires finding another alternative model of development.
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Hashim, S. Mohsin. "“High modernism” and its limits – Assessing state incapacity in Putin’s Russia, 2000–2008." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 50, no. 3 (July 6, 2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2017.06.005.
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This paper uses an analytical framework developed from James C. Scott’s concept of state-sponsored “high modernism” to understand the scope and limits of Putin’s attempt to reconfigure state-society relations under the guise of “managed democracy.” It argues that Kremlin, under Putin’s first two presidential terms (2000–2008), attempted to treat society as a reified object separate from the state and as an object of management. The paper analyzes the Russian state’s weak regulatory capacity that coexists with its relatively strong coercive and extractive capacities. It is argued that, in spite of accessing vast resources from the energy sector, the state under Putin’s presidency was unable to successfully carry out civil service reform or implement critical reforms in the pension and housing sectors. The analytical framework used offers insights into the limits of authoritarian state-crafting and modernization in contemporary Russia.
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Anioł, Włodzimierz. "Quality of life and public space in the processes of urban renewal—selected concepts and debate topics." Problemy Polityki Społecznej: studia i dyskusje 44, no. 1 (2019): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31971/16401808.44.1.2019.1129.
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The aim of the article is to show the relationship between the aspirations to improve the quality of life and improve social relations and the undertakings serving the renovation of urban spaces. In the first part of the text—after formulating more general remarks about the social significance of space—a few of the concepts of town modernization implemented in the modern history of the developed world (Cerdá, Haussmann, Le Corbusier) are presented, while pointing out their most often ambivalent social results. Attention to the latter has been paid by, among others, critics of modernism and supporters of alternative visions (Jacobs, representatives of the new urbanism, advocates of the ideas of a socially cohesive or fair-shared city, etc.). As the national empirical illustration, the author then characterizes the case of urban and social changes taking place in the last two decades in the Powiśle district of Warsaw. Their effect, regardless of the general benefits of modernization and the desired and long-awaited approximation of the capital to the river, are also controversial, often critically evaluated gentrification processes.
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Ummah, Sun Choirol. "MENEROPONG PEMIKIRAN MARK JUERGENSMEYER TENTANG IDENTITAS AGAMA ANTI GLOBAL." HUMANIKA 17, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/hum.v17i1.23121.
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Agama antiglobal dalam cermatan Mark Juergensmeyer merupakan perwujudandari gerakan dalam agama yang anti-Westernisme. Gerakan agama ini membencimodernitas ala Barat jenis apa pun, baik dalam eksploitasi ekonomi, politik, maupunbudaya. Anehnya, gerakan agama ini skeptis dalam memandang modernisme, sekularisme,dan individualisme. Gerakan ini justru mengadopsi teknologi dan sistem moneter modernala Barat. Tidak hanya itu, gerakan ini juga mengklaim bahwa nasionalisme religious dinegara-bangsa modern merupakan ide bentukannya. Pada kenyataannya, gerakan agamaini justru mengalami kerancuan dalam memahami antara konsep westernisasi, modernisasidan globalisasi, hingga seolah ia kehilangan identitas dirinya. Identitas agama dianggappenting karena menjadi spirit, dasar pijakan, visi, dan misi sebuah gerakan.The antiglobal religion in Mark Juergensmeyer’s view is the embodiment of the anti-Westernism movement. This religious movement hates any kind of Western-stylemodernity, both in economic, political and cultural exploitation. Strangely, this religiousmovement was skeptical in viewing modernism, secularism and individualism. Thismovement actually adopted technology and a modern Western-style monetary system. Notonly that, this movement also claimed that religious nationalism in the modern nation-statewas an idea formed. In fact, this religious movement actually experienced confusion inunderstanding between the concepts of westernization, modernization and globalization,until it seemed that it lost its identity. Religious identity was considered important becauseit became the spirit, foundation, vision and mission of a movement.
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Rosdiawan, Ridwan. "Fenomenologi Islamisme dan Terorisme." Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 8, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 194–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ad.2018.8.1.194-225.
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Abstract: There are three mainstream theories which elucidate the relationship between Islamic doctrine and political actions that lead to terrorism acts of its believers: Firstly: they who believe that justification of violence and terror acts is inherent products of religious doctrine. Secondly: those who view that terrorism is profane matters, unrelated to religious doctrine whatsoever. Thirdly, opinion that state that terrorism is syncretism as well as interrelative modification between politics and religion. Although the three theories differ in concluding the role of religion in terrorism, they share some analytical approach, which put religion as doctrine and politics as political drive in every terrorism act. To measure the more dominant motive of the two can be done using two perspectives of phenomenology. First perspective views islamist movement as a form of anti modernism which emerges as a cure for western-type of modernization. The west is the enemy. Second perspective concludes that the movement is phenomenon of manifestation as well as response to post-modern development. Islamism emerges as something different, echoing cultural autonomy, alternative political entity as well as moral ideological critique of secularism brought by modernism.
Key words: Islamism, terrorism, phenomenology
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HERRERA, LINDA. "WALTER ARMBRUST, Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt, Cambridge Studies in Social and Cultural Anthropology, vol. 102 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996). Pp. 286. $64.95 cloth, $20.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 3 (August 2001): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801253069.
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“Modernization,” or processes of modern socio-political development, and identity formation have been among the most recurrent and pertinent themes of scholarly studies undertaken on 19th- and 20th-century Egypt. Works on intellectual thought; economic, political, and social history; folk culture; and gender implicitly and explicitly grapple with the issue of the country's transition to, maintenance of, struggle with, or rejection of modernity. Modernization has often been understood through a hegemonic nationalist discourse—that is, through governmental rhetoric, the writings of establishment intellectuals, and uncritical examinations of state institutions. Alternative and counter-hegemonic manifestations and representations of modernity have been largely overlooked, which makes Walter Armbrust's anthropological inquiry into Egyptian mass culture an absolutely vital contribution to the study of modern Egypt.
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Nicolai, Bernd. "Bruno Taut and the Changed Conception of Modernism on the Eve of World War II." Architectura 46, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2016-2002.
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AbstractBruno Taut’s History, Language and Geography Faculty Building at Ankara University has received little attention in architectural history. As the work of an émigré architect, expelled from Germany in 1933, it is not only a product of Taut’s broader horizons through his experiences as an exile in Japan and Turkey, but also as a result of his confrontation with the modernization process under Atatürk’s new republic. Beyond this, Taut’s Faculty building issues a statement on the state of modern architecture in the late 1930s, where this type of public building was newly discussed in relation to different aspects of national representation, oscillating between dictatorship and democracy. This article explores the various facets that create this outstanding, unconventional and inventive building, as Taut’s major and enduring project during his later years, at the edge of classical modernism.
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Ghufron, Zaki. "PESANTREN; AKAR TRADISI DAN MODERNISASI." ALQALAM 31, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v31i1.1108.
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Islamic Boarding school is an islamic education institution which has an identical tradition in indonesian muslim societuy. This institution has emerged long before the colonialism era in Indonesia. In its long history since years to pursue the concept of modernism, islamic boarding school, sometimes ,has also been perceived negatively because of transnasionalism ideology which is adopted in recent years. In that case, this paper aimed to describe the existence of islamic boarding school in indonesian social life. By argumenting and comparing some previous studies in this case to gain an accurate result. Moreover, this paper is intended to answer some western perception about islamic boarding school in Indonesia, and finally emphasize the role of islamic boarding school as a government partner and its function in creating democracy. Keyword: Islamic Boarding School, Tradition, Modernization.
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Giv, Ahmad Lamei, and Majid Shahbazi. "A Comparative Study of Modernism in the Poems of Forough Farrokhzad and Adunis." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0607.07.
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Clash of the West with East countries (Iran, Lebanon and Syria) was a factor in changing the structure of Eastern societies, resulting in the emergence of political and social developments like constitutional movements. There are undeniable similarities between Arabic and Persian poetry because of the long historical ties, similar political and social contexts, close cultural backgrounds and the influence of European culture on their literatures. After the literary revolution occurred under the influence of European culture and literature, attention to modernism is a common approach used by Persian and Arabic poets. In both Arabic and Persian literature, Modern poet expresses his surrounding issues according to the needs of the community. Attention to the culture of the West is a common point closing Forough Farrokhzad and Adunis as two contemporary poets. Due to the different cultural and intellectual situations as well as the degree of their familiarity with the West, they have differences and similarities in the methods and the effects of modernization in the West. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this article will show that Forough and Adunis have used modern manifestations such as secularism, feminism, nihilism, freedom, deconstruction, city and nationalism in their poems due to their relations with the West under the influence of cultural-political developments in their own societies.
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Al-e Ahmad, Jalal. "To Mohassess, For the Wall." ARTMargins 10, no. 2 (June 2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00297.
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Abstract “To Mohassess, For the Wall” is an article written in 1964 by Jalal Al-e Ahmad, one of the most influential and charismatic Iranian intellectuals of the time. Three years before writing this article, Al-e Ahmad had published Weststruckness, discussing the Iranians’ cultural alienation caused by the dependence on the west. In “To Mohassess, For the Wall”, Al-e Ahmad shifts his analysis to Iranian painting, arguing that Iranian painters during the 1960s merely repeat Western cultural processes and strategies instead of constructing Iranian ones. The context for Al-e Ahmad's argument is the Pahlavi regime's radical program of rapid modernization, which in the area of the arts was systematically expanded. Critical, provocative or problematic, the article offers a crucial window into the adoption of Western-style modernism by Iranian painters during the 1960s and into how an “insider” intellectual such as Al-e Ahmad evaluated the modernization of Iranian art before the background of what he perceived as the critical neglect of Iranian traditions. The text is addressed to Bahman Mohassess, a painter whom Al-e Ahmad considered to be one of the few who had not been coopted by the cultural policies of the Shah's regime.
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Mirzaei, Mohammadreza. "Introduction to Jalal AL-E Ahmad's “To Mohassess, For the Wall”." ARTMargins 10, no. 2 (June 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00296.
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Abstract “To Mohassess, For the Wall” is an article written in 1964 by Jalal Al-e Ahmad, one of the most influential and charismatic Iranian intellectuals of the time. Three years before writing this article, Al-e Ahmad had published Weststruckness, discussing the Iranians’ cultural alienation caused by the dependence on the west. In “To Mohassess, For the Wall”, Al-e Ahmad shifts his analysis to Iranian painting, arguing that Iranian painters during the 1960s merely repeat Western cultural processes and strategies instead of constructing Iranian ones. The context for Al-e Ahmad's argument is the Pahlavi regime's radical program of rapid modernization, which in the area of the arts was systematically expanded. Critical, provocative or problematic, the article offers a crucial window into the adoption of Western-style modernism by Iranian painters during the 1960s and into how an “insider” intellectual such as Al-e Ahmad evaluated the modernization of Iranian art before the background of what he perceived as the critical neglect of Iranian traditions. The text is addressed to Bahman Mohassess, a painter whom Al-e Ahmad considered to be one of the few who had not been coopted by the cultural policies of the Shah's regime.
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Gencer, Yasemin. "Translation, Print Media, and Image in Arab Modern Art." Review of Middle East Studies 54, no. 1 (June 2020): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rms.2020.6.
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AbstractThe anthology of primary sources presented in Modern Art in the Arab World reveals a wealth of ideas, attitudes, hopes, fears, and concerns surrounding the many facets of modernism and art. The essays therein provide first-hand accounts of developing art scenes from across the Arab world and their relationships to their audiences on local, national, transnational, and global scales. These documents, many of which have been translated from Arabic or French into English for the first time, offer individual, in situ insights into a broad range of issues pertaining to art in the twentieth century while furnishing readers with numerous threads that connect these geographies with changes through time. Four matters in particular – the centrality of translation, print media, art, and image management to modernization – permeate this anthology's content and will be explored further in the following essay.
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Henderson, Susan R. "Ernst May and the Campaign to Resettle the Countryside: Rural Housing in Silesia, 1919-1925." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 188–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991839.
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In 1919 Ernst May became the head of rural housing for the province of Silesia in eastern Germany. Silesian agriculture had long suffered from rural flight. The situation worsened in 1922 when the partition brokered by the Allies brought chaos in the mining industry and a flood of refugees. As head of the provincial stabilization effort called interior colonization, May was in charge of settlement programs to aid three constituencies of special concern: the farmworkers, the miners, and the refugees. Between 1919 and 1923, Germany's national rural housing effort employed a contradictory strategy of modernization set within corporative ideology, a "third way" that trumpeted a quasi-feudal social order as a path to political accord. May's Silesian work chronicles the impact of Modernism and corporatism on early Weimar housing: his settlements for farmworkers and miners celebrated their unique cultural traditions, while he experimented in rationalization techniques to increase housing production and reduce costs. With corporatism's decline after Germany's return to economic stability in 1924, modernization was increasingly accepted as an unalloyed virtue, and the veil of corporatism lifted. In 1924, challenged by the circumstances of the refugee housing program just at the moment the corporative compromise came to an end, May engaged in a series of experiments in polychromy, prefabricated construction, mass production, and standardization that reflected a more purely modern approach to the housing problem.
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Ezzat, Heba Raouf. "Islam and Modernity." American Journal of Islam and Society 16, no. 3 (October 1, 1999): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v16i3.2109.
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The relation between Islam and modernity is a controversial topic and draws theattention of both Mush and non-Muslim scholars. Islam and Modernity bringstogether the ideas of a number of contemporary modernist and liberal Muslimthinkers and examines their ideas, which attempt to respond to the challenges ofthe postcolonial situation. The book comprises a collection of articles that analyzethe thought of a wide variety of figures from North Africa, Egypt, Syria, Iran, andIndia and from both Sunni and Shi’i backgrounds. In so doing, it attempts to presenta new “map” that goes beyond the usual categorization of Islamic thoughtaccording to area, language, or school of thought. For the most part, these thinkerspostdate the early wave of “modernist” thinkers, such as Muhammad Abduh andRashid Rida, and often differ from them in their thought - particularly in theirapproach to the Qur’an, their evaluation of Islamic law, and their ideas on the connectionbetween Islam and politics.In his introduction, Derek Hopwood raises the central issue of the book, whichis how change can be integrated into society and particularly how the challenges ofmodernization can be integrated into Muslim societies. He argues that change iscaused by a variety of factors but that tension occuts when a traditional society ischallenged by the outside world, or when attempts are made to modernize it fromwithin. In the Islamic world, for example, it was the European influence, h u g hthe experience of colonization, that came to challenge the established ideas andcustoms, and raised the issue of “modernity” in the minds of intellectuals.Hopwood also hies to make a distinction between “modernization” and “modemity.”Whereas “modernization” refers to the artihcts of modem life (transport, communication,industry, technology, e&.) and is the general term used for the politicaland cultural processes initiated by the integration of new ideas and new economicsystems, “modemity” is a system of thought and a way of living in the contemporaryworld that is open to change.In the first chapter, Javed Majeed explores some appropriations of Europeanmodernity that appear in late nineteenth century Urdu literam and focuses on thework of two of the main proponents of the Aligarh Movement, Sayyid AhmadKhan (1817-1898) and Altaf Hussain Hali (1837-1914). The aim of the AligarhMovement was to enable the Muslim Urdu-speaking elite, which it repsented, toadjust to the realities of British power after the suppression of the Indian rebellionof 1857. Sayyid Ahmad Khan played a central role in the establishment of theMuhammadan AngIo-Oriental College in 1875 and was a key figure in defining“Islamic modernism” in India ...
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( Bulyko), Hiermonk Ioann. "The Aggiornamento Phenomenon and the Second Vatican Council." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2227-6564-v053.
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The Second Vatican Council was a unique event in the history of the Roman Catholic Church. Initiated by Pope John XXIII, it was intended to make the Roman Catholic Church more open to the contemporary society and bring it closer to the people. The principal aim of the council was the so called aggiornamento (updating). The phenomenon of updating the ecclesiastical life consisted in the following: on the one hand, modernization of the life of the Church and closer relations with the secular world; on the other hand, preserving all the traditions upon which the ecclesiastical life was founded. Hence in the Council’s documents we find another, French word ressourcement meaning ‘return to the origins’ based on the Holy Scripture and the works of the Church Fathers. The aggiornamento phenomenon emerged during the Second Vatican Council due to the movement within the Catholic Church called nouvelle theologie (French for “new theology”). Its representatives advanced the ideas that became fundamental in the Council’s decisions. The nouvelle theologie was often associated with modernism as some of the ideas of its representatives seemed to be very similar to those of modernism. However, what made the greatest difference between the two movements was their attitude towards the tradition. For the nouvelle theologie it was very important to revive Christianity in its initial version, hence their striving for returning to the sources, for the oecumenical movement, for better relations with non-Catholics and for liturgical renewal. All these ideas can be traced in the documents of the Second Vatican Council, and all this is characterized by the word aggiornamento.
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Vásquez-Rivera, Oscar Iván. "Cultural hybridization in three colombian indigenous productive organizations." Cuadernos de Administración 35, no. 63 (March 27, 2019): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v35i63.6916.
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Cultural Hybridization (CH) aims to analyze the processes of intercrossing and cultural exchange highlighted in the constitution of modernism and in the modernization processes in Latin America. This research is relevant because the units of analysis for identifying the objectives of CH are three Colombian Indigenous Productive Organizations (IPOs), which were formed with traditional indigenous ideals and in the middle of the market dynamics of the organizational economy, then transformed their ideals and cultural aspects with modern Western administrative and cultural practices. The research is based in a qualitative methodology that includes the following techniques: participatory observation; semi-structured interviews; and analysis of native documents. This methodology is applied to investigate the three IPOs of the Nasa ethnicity in Colombia. The results are different for each case. Resistance and then acceptance occurred in the smaller IPO, while segregation and acceptance occurred in the larger and senior IPO. In conclusion, the three IPOs present a diversity of cultural characteristics that provide empirical evidence of the CH in different levels.
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Sielke, Sabine. "Retro Aesthetics, Affect, and Nostalgia Effects in Recent US-American Cinema: The Cases of La La Land (2016) and The Shape of Water (2017)." Arts 8, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8030087.
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Nostalgia and retro are phenomena of modernism and modernization that are currently booming. This goes for political decision-making processes as much as for popular culture where retro aesthetics is the dominant mode of design: Both appear driven by ‘longings for a time that never was.’ While research on nostalgia and retro abound, nostalgia still remains a vague and undertheorized concept seemingly identical with retro. Engaging the ways in which Damien Chazelle’s 2016 movie La La Land and Guillermo del Toro’s The Shape of Water of 2017 produce and interrogate affects, this essay shows how film allows us to make distinctions that the proliferating research on nostalgia and retro often fail to deliver. As we zoom in on how both films reference iconic moments in film history, it becomes evident that retro aesthetics operates in distinctively diverse manners. While La La Land interrogates cinema’s “nostalgia for nostalgia”, The Shape of Water reclaims nostalgia as a mode of social bonding. In this way, both movies foreground how the dynamics of nostalgia, at best, moves forward, not back. Film studies, in turn, can shed considerable light on how both nostalgia and retro work—and why they sell so well.
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Colpitts, George. "Itinerant Jewish and Arabic Trading in the Dene’s North, 1916-1930." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 163–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025000ar.
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In late nineteenth century and especially in the interwar years, “free traders” took advantage of better transport systems to expand trade with Dene people in the Athabasca and Mackenzie Districts. Well versed in fur grading and supported by credit in the expanding industrializing fur industry in the south, “itinerant” peddlers worked independently and often controversially alongside larger capitalized fur companies such as the Hudson’s Bay Company. A large number of these newcomers were Jews. This article suggests that Jews and, to a lesser extent, Lebanese and other Arabic traders became critical in the modernization of the Canadian North. They helped create an itinerant trader-Dene “contact zone” where the mixed meaning of credit, cash, and goods transactions provided northern Aboriginal trappers the means to negotiate modernism on their own terms in the interwar years. However, by the late 1920s, the state, encouraged by larger capitalized companies, implemented policies to restrict and finally close down this contact zone. The history of itinerant trading, then, raises questions about the long-term history of capitalism and co-related economic neo-colonialism in the Canadian north and their impact on First Nations.
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BIJELIC, Marijana. "THE CRISIS OF MASCULINITY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN GEORGI STAMATOV’S SHORT STORIES." Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 3, ezs.swu.v18i3 (2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i3.10.
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This work analyzes the crisis of masculinity in terms of modernization, the change in the relation between the sexes, as well as the crisis of national identity in Georgi Stamatov’s short stories from the perspective of contemporary theoretical works on nationalism and gender, especially masculinity. His male antiheroes sense that traditional values and norms are no longer valid in contemporary Bulgaria and feel nostalgic for the lost masculine and national identity. They all have the feeling that they cannot rely on old norms and values and are trying to find a way out of the crisis. The female characters and feminized topoi of Bulgaria and its capital Sofia usually evoke interpretations connected to the concept of infidelity, which causes an identity crisis in the modern man: while traditional but weak characters Abarov and Malkov are trying to remain faithful, although they have been betrayed by the “new Bulgaria”, “new Sofia” and unfaithful female characters, Viryanov as a modern male achieves an enormous social success by using women in order to climb up the social ladder and betrays Bulgaria with his leaving for Paris, which represents the center of the demonized western modernism.
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KOUDELA, PÁL. "LITERARY SOCIETIES AND MODERNISM: THE SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF THE KAZINCZY CIRCLE IN KASSA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY." Hungarian Studies 33, no. 2 (December 2019): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2019.33.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
Literary societies are in focus both of literary studies and social history.1 In particular, they played an important role in the modernization of Central Europe in the 19th century. Becoming widespread in this era, they helped develop a democratic2 political culture and disseminated literature to a wider audience. Hungarian historiography has depicted this period as one of large-scale social segregation and a fragmented middle class which refused to have any contact with the bourgeoisie,34 while Slovakian historians have emphasized the exclusion of Slovaks from elite society.5 Kassa (today Košice), which was then situated in northern Hungary and is now the largest city in eastern Slovakia, has, however, been recognized as a more complicated example that challenges these assumptions.6 For instance, the importance of local citizenry was preserved in the first half of the 19th century, in contrary to other cities in Hungary.7 The purpose of this article is to examine the composition of the most prominent social club of the town to provide fresh insights into the social history of Kassa in this period, and the larger processes shaping urban life in Central Europe in the period before the First World War. In particular, this article argues that a culture of both pluralism and exclusion was evident in the membership of Kassa’s Kazinczy Circle, and that their affiliations reveal a more complicated social network in the city, which both preserved communal solidarity during a period of rapid urbanization and encouraged the growth of modern democratic values.