Journal articles: 'Modes de conservation'

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Saçlioğlu, Cihan. "Conservation laws, equivalence principle and forbidden radiation modes." Resonance 17, no. 3 (March 2012): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-012-0025-8.

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FOOT, R., H. LEW, and R. R. VOLKAS. "POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF PARITY CONSERVATION." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 28 (September 14, 1992): 2567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392004031.

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It has been shown that parity may be an exact unbroken symmetry of nature. This requires a doubling of the number of physical particles, although only two parameters beyond those in the Standard Model are introduced. We show that the Lagrangian describing parity conserving models can be reformulated in terms of a basis in which each term of the Lagrangian is parity invariant, although gauge invariance is not manifest. We then examine some further experimental signatures of parity conservation. We point out that, in the simplest case, there is one parity-even and one parity-odd physical neutral Higgs mass eigenstate, whose Yukawa coupling constants are [Formula: see text]-that of the Standard Model Higgs boson. Furthermore, half of their widths are generated by almost invisible decay modes. Also, if neutrinos are massive then the ordinary and mirror neutrinos will, in the minimal case, be maximally mixed due to parity conservation. This means that vacuum oscillations can be large, thus providing a possible solution to the solar neutrino problem.

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Bahar, L. Y., and H. G. Kwatny. "Conservation laws for dissipative systems possessing classical normal modes." Journal of Sound and Vibration 102, no. 4 (October 1985): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(85)80113-9.

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Hirota, M., and S. Tokuda. "Wave-action conservation law for eigenmodes and continuum modes." Physics of Plasmas 17, no. 8 (August 2010): 082109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3475793.

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Pellegrino, D., G. Kells, N. Moran, and J. K. Slingerland. "Constructing edge zero modes through domain wall angle conservation." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 53, no. 9 (February 11, 2020): 095006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ab6fc7.

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Echave, Julian. "Why are the low-energy protein normal modes evolutionarily conserved?" Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 9 (June 30, 2012): 1931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-02-15.

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Proteins fluctuate, and such fluctuations are functionally important. As with any functionally relevant trait, it is interesting to study how fluctuations change during evolution. In contrast with sequence and structure, the study of the evolution of protein motions is much more recent. Yet, it has been shown that the overall fluctuation pattern is evolutionarily conserved. Moreover, the lowest-energy normal modes have been found to be the most conserved. The reasons behind such a differential conservation have not been explicitly studied. There are two limiting explanations. A “biological” explanation is that because such modes are functional, there is natural selection pressure against their variation. An alternative “physical” explanation is that the lowest-energy normal modes may be more conserved because they are just more robust with respect to random mutations. To investigate this issue, I studied a set of globin-like proteins using a perturbed elastic network model (ENM) of the effect of random mutations on normal modes. I show that the conservation predicted by the model is in excellent agreement with observations. These results support the physical explanation: the lowest normal modes are more conserved because they are more robust.

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Thuburn, John, and Geoffrey K. Vallis. "Properties of conditionally filtered equations: Conservation, normal modes, and variational formulation." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 144, no. 714 (July 2018): 1555–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.3307.

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Alarco, Jose A., Alison Chou, Peter C. Talbot, and Ian D. R. Mackinnon. "Phonon modes of MgB2: super-lattice structures and spectral response." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 44 (2014): 24443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03449j.

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King, M. E., and A. F. Vakakis. "An Energy-Based Formulation for Computing Nonlinear Normal Modes in Undamped Continuous Systems." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930433.

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The nonlinear normal modes of a class of one-dimensional, conservative, continuous systems are examined. These are free, periodic motions during which all particles of the system reach their extremum amplitudes at the same instant of time. During a nonlinear normal mode, the motion of an arbitrary particle of the system is expressed in terms of the motion of a certain reference point by means of a modal function. Conservation of energy is imposed to construct a partial differential equation satisfied by the modal function, which is asymptotically solved using a perturbation methodology. The stability of the detected nonlinear modes is then investigated by expanding the corresponding variational equations in bases of orthogonal polynomials and analyzing the resulting set of linear differential equations with periodic coefficients by Floquet analysis. Applications of the general theory are given by computing the nonlinear normal modes of a simply-supported beam lying on a nonlinear elastic foundation, and of a cantilever beam possessing geometric nonlinearities.

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Cooper, Leith, Ian I. Kogan, and Kai-Ming Lee. "String winding modes from charge non-conservation in compact Chern-Simons theory." Physics Letters B 394, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(96)01692-9.

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Stotts, Steven A., and Robert A. Koch. "Energy conservation via coupled modes in waveguides with an impedance boundary condition." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4900312.

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Wollstein, Katherine, and Emily Jane Davis. "New Modes of Environmental Governance in Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation in Oregon." Society & Natural Resources 33, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2019.1664682.

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GHORAI, S., and N. A. HILL. "Development and stability of gyrotactic plumes in bioconvection." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 400 (December 10, 1999): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099006473.

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Using the continuum model of Pedley, Hill & Kessler (1988) for bioconvection in a suspension of swimming, gyrotactic micro-organisms, we investigate the existence and stability of a two-dimensional plume in tall, narrow chambers with stress-free sidewalls. The system is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid coupled with a micro-organism conservation equation. These equations are solved numerically using a conservative finite-difference scheme. In sufficiently deep chambers, the plume is always unstable to both varicose and meandering modes. A linear stability analysis for an infinitely long plume predicts the growth rates of these instabilities, explains the mechanisms, and is in good agreement with the numerical results.

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Osman, Ashraf. "Conservation and Preservation of Historical Earthen Structures." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.1021.

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This paper discusses the different techniques that can be adopted for conservation and preservation of historical earthen structures constructed using adobe mud bricks in non-seismic regions. Initially, it reports the different damage patterns and modes of failure that are usually exhibited by these structures due to aging process and poor environmental conditions as recorded from field visits. Then, it explains using structural fundamentals and soil mechanics principles the causes for these defects. Finally, it suggests various measures that can be taken to restore and preserve these endangered structures.

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Hao, Rong, Shan Dan, and He Jingli. "Ecological Restoration Modes of Soil and Water Conservation on the Mining Wasteland in Northern Grassland." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404008.

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Taking the mining wasteland formed in Xilinguole grassland as the research object, the ecological restoration mode of the soil and water conservation on mining wasteland was studied in the grassland. A test of water and soil conservation measures was conducted according to the characteristics of soil erosion, natural climate and etc., with the purpose of quickly restoring the damaged vegetation in mining wasteland and reducing soil erosion. The results showed four ecological restoration modes were used for the restoration on the mining wasteland, including “shrub”, “shrub + grass”, “ecological bag + grass” and “sand barriers + grass”. Two ecological restoration modes which was “shrub + grass” and “sand barriers + grass”, made the plant coverage reach more than 60%, the amount of wind erosion was less than 8.0 t/hm2, the amount of water erosion was less than 3900 t/km2•a, the effect of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration was better, and the cost of economic input was lower.

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Lewandowski, J. L. V. "Optimized loading for particle-in-cell gyrokinetic simulations." Canadian Journal of Physics 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p04-034.

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The problem of particle loading in particle-in-cell gyrokinetic simulations is addressed using a quadratic optimization algorithm. Optimized loading in configuration space dramatically reduces the short-wavelength modes in the electrostatic potential that are partly responsible for the nonconservation of total energy; further, the long-wavelength modes are resolved with good accuracy. As a result, the conservation of energy for the optimized loading is much better that the conservation of energy for the random loading. The method is valid for any geometry and can be coupled to optimization algorithms in velocity space. PACS Nos.: 52.35.Py, 52.30.Jb, 52.55.Fa

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Hardin, Rebecca. "Collective contradictions of "corporate" environmental conservation." Focaal 2011, no. 60 (June 1, 2011): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2011.600105.

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Relationships emerging between corporate actors and environmental conservation organizations range from partnerships in field operations to gifts brokered at the upper echelons of corporate and nongovernmental organization (NGO) management. Drawing on Mauss’s original formulation of “the gift,” I consider the social consequences and contexts of these relationships, over various territorial and temporal scales. I argue that recent critiques of conservation NGOs for having “sold out” to corporate interests obscure a more nuanced view of such relationships, their roots in the history of wildlife conservation under colonial circumstances, and their connections to new modes of hybrid environmental governance. These latter include transformations in corporate practice vis-à-vis consumer preference, processes of certification, and educational impacts on professional training for industry personnel, as well as the adoption by many NGOs of terminologies and planning processes from the corporate world. These relational norms and institutional transformations make any oversimplified notion of corporate responsibility insufficient with respect to environmental sectors.

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Shabad, Anatoly. "Kinematics and Selection Rules for Light-by-Light Scattering in a Strong Magnetic Field." Universe 6, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6110211.

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Selection rules that follow from parity and four-momentum conservation are listed for head-on light-by-light scattering in a strong magnetic field taking into account nontrivial dispersion laws of different photon eigen-modes. The wave-length shifts occur for certain transitions between photon eigen-modes.

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Agmon, Ilana, Anat Bashan, and Ada Yonath. "On Ribosome Conservation and Evolution." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 52, no. 3-4 (April 12, 2006): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee_52_3-4_359.

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The ribosome is a ribozyme whose active site, the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), is situated within a highly conserved universal symmetrical region that connects all ribosomal functional centers involved in amino acid polymerization. The linkage between this elaborate architecture and A-site tRNA position revealed that the A-> P-site passage of the tRNA terminus in the peptidyl transferase center is performed by a rotatory motion, synchronized with the overall tRNA/mRNA sideways movement. Guided by the PTC, the rotatory motion leads to stereochemistry suitable for peptide bond formation, as well as for substrate-mediated catalysis, consistent with quantum mechanical calculations elucidating the transition state mechanism for peptide bond formation and indicating that the peptide bond is being formed during the rotatory motion. Analysis of substrate binding modes to inactive and active ribosomes illuminated the significant PTC mobility and supported the hypothesis that the ancient ribosome produced single peptide bonds and non-coded chains, utilizing free amino acids. Genetic control of the reaction evolved after poly-peptides capable of enzymatic function were created, and an ancient stable RNA fold was converted into tRNA molecules. As the symmetry relates only the backbone fold and nucleotide orientations, but not nucleotide sequence, it emphasizes the superiority of functional requirement over sequence conservation, and indicates that the PTC has evolved by gene fusion, presumably by taking advantage of similar RNA fold structures.

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Ratamäki, Outi, and Pekka Salmi. "The most contested in Finland: Large carnivores and the Saimaa ringed seal – challenges of socio-ecological rhythms and their practical implications." European Countryside 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2015-0001.

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Abstract This article illustrates two Finnish case studies: one about large carnivores and the other about the protection of the Saimaa ringed seal. These cases are analysed by using the concept of life-mode introduced by Thomas Højrup and rhythm analysis developed by Henry Lefebvre. The objective of the paper is to show how the connection between life-modes and spatial and temporal rhythms of humananimal interactions help to better understand the contradictions and conservation challenges of these species. The introduction of new practices, e.g. a new enterprise or conservation of an endangered species, creates arrhythmias to more traditional practices which can be very resistant to change. This resistance is because maintaining rhythms is also to uphold one’s life-modes and associated identities. Life-modes are expressed and regenerated by different practices, symbols and concepts in time and space

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Treib, Marc. "Modes of Formality: The Distilled Complexity of Japanese Design." Landscape Journal 12, no. 1 (1993): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.12.1.2.

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Shukla, P. K., and L. Stenflo. "Linear and nonlinear coupled Alfvén-Varma modes." Journal of Plasma Physics 40, no. 3 (December 1988): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800013441.

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Starting from the particle continuity equation and the guiding-centre model for the particle velocity, using an equation of state in the form of the conservation of the ion magnetic moment, as well as Ohm's and Ampère's laws, a set of four coupled nonlinear equations has been derived to investigate the properties of magnetic turbulence in plasmas with hot ions and cold electrons. It is shown that finite-β effects can cause a linear coupling between the Alfvén and Varma modes in a weakly non-uniform plasma immersed in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. In the nonlinear regime the stationary solutions of the four field equations are found to be double vortices. Implications of our results for enhanced magnetic fluctuation and anomalous transport in a mirror reactor are pointed out.

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Thuburn, J., C. J. Cotter, and T. Dubos. "A mimetic, semi-implicit, forward-in-time, finite volume shallow water model: comparison of hexagonal–icosahedral and cubed-sphere grids." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 3 (May 20, 2014): 909–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-909-2014.

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Abstract. A new algorithm is presented for the solution of the shallow water equations on quasi-uniform spherical grids. It combines a mimetic finite volume spatial discretization with a Crank–Nicolson time discretization of fast waves and an accurate and conservative forward-in-time advection scheme for mass and potential vorticity (PV). The algorithm is implemented and tested on two families of grids: hexagonal–icosahedral Voronoi grids, and modified equiangular cubed-sphere grids. Results of a variety of tests are presented, including convergence of the discrete scalar Laplacian and Coriolis operators, advection, solid body rotation, flow over an isolated mountain, and a barotropically unstable jet. The results confirm a number of desirable properties for which the scheme was designed: exact mass conservation, very good available energy and potential enstrophy conservation, consistent mass, PV and tracer transport, and good preservation of balance including vanishing ∇ × ∇, steady geostrophic modes, and accurate PV advection. The scheme is stable for large wave Courant numbers and advective Courant numbers up to about 1. In the most idealized tests the overall accuracy of the scheme appears to be limited by the accuracy of the Coriolis and other mimetic spatial operators, particularly on the cubed-sphere grid. On the hexagonal grid there is no evidence for damaging effects of computational Rossby modes, despite attempts to force them explicitly.

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Thuburn, J., C. J. Cotter, and T. Dubos. "A mimetic, semi-implicit, forward-in-time, finite volume shallow water model: comparison of hexagonal–icosahedral and cubed sphere grids." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 4 (December 17, 2013): 6867–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-6867-2013.

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Abstract. A new algorithm is presented for the solution of the shallow water equations on quasi-uniform spherical grids. It combines a mimetic finite volume spatial discretization with a Crank–Nicolson time discretization of fast waves and an accurate and conservative forward-in-time advection scheme for mass and potential vorticity (PV). The algorithm is implemented and tested on two families of grids: hexagonal–icosahedral Voronoi grids, and modified equiangular cubed-sphere grids. Results of a variety of tests are presented, including convergence of the discrete scalar Laplacian and Coriolis operators, advection, solid body rotation, flow over an isolated mountain, and a barotropically unstable jet. The results confirm a number of desirable properties for which the scheme was designed: exact mass conservation, very good available energy and potential enstrophy conservation, consistent mass, PV and tracer transport, and good preservation of balance including vanishing ∇ × ∇, steady geostrophic modes, and accurate PV advection. The scheme is stable for large wave Courant numbers and advective Courant numbers up to about 1. In the most idealized tests the overall accuracy of the scheme appears to be limited by the accuracy of the Coriolis and other mimetic spatial operators, particularly on the cubed sphere grid. On the hexagonal grid there is no evidence for damaging effects of computational Rossby modes, despite attempts to force them explicitly.

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Trachsel, Mary. "Befriending Your Food: Pigs and People Coming of Age in the Anthropocene." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040106.

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Geologists and ecologists report that Earth is undergoing its sixth massive extinction event, an occasion that calls for radical revision of conservation ethics. The biologist Edward O. Wilson has proposed that conservation projects in the Anthropocene should be grounded in biophilia, an evolved, relational (or biocentric) mode of perception that activates aesthetic and affective responses to non-human life alongside cognitive understanding. Because biophilia includes non-rational modes of perception, the nurturing of biophilic conservation ethics cannot fall to ecology alone; imaginative literature, for example, can prompt readers to imagine and work to realize more environmentally friendly roles for humans and, further, can assist in cultivating a conservation ethic suited to current ecological conditions. In particular, coming-of-age novels about friendships between people and pigs offer an alternative to the industrial “pork story” that seeks to gain narrative control of relational norms between people and pigs, at the expense of biodiversity and ecological health. Three such novels published in 2017 depict human–pig friendships, a relational model created by pigs’ shift in status from food to companion animals. In presenting this realignment, the stories facilitate development of a biophilic conservation ethic.

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Kibets, A. I., and M. V. Bezhentseva. "ANALYSIS OF FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION CONSERVATIVE SMOOTHING INFLUENCE ON THE ZERO ENERGY MODES SUPPRESSION." Problems of strenght and plasticity 83, no. 1 (2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2021-83-1-101-110.

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The problem of high-speed penetration of a non-deformable cylinder into a steel plate is considered. The defining system of equations is formulated in Lagrange variables in a three-dimensional formulation. The equation of motion is derived from virtual work capacities balance. Kinematic relations are recorded in the metric of the current state. The relations of the flow theory with kinematic and isotropic hardening are used as equations of state. The contact interaction of the cylinder and the plate is modeled by non-penetration conditions. The numerical solution of the problem under given boundary and initial conditions is based on the moment scheme of the finite element method and “cross” type explicit time integration scheme. To discretize the defining system of equations with respect to spatial variables, 8-node isoparametric finite elements with multilinear form functions are used. To suppress the high-frequency oscillations of the numerical solution, the procedure of nodal displacement velocities conservative smoothing is used. The smoothing algorithm is based on the momentum conservation law, focused on finite element grids consisting of blocks that are mutually unambiguously mapped to a unit cube. To analyze the nodal displacement velocities monotonicity, the numerical solution splitting in the directions of the finite element grid lines is used. As the results of computer modeling have shown, the finite elements of the plate are exposed large deformations and rotation angles as a rigid whole during local intense dynamic loading. The conservative smoothing procedure influence on the numerical solution stability is analyzed. It is shown that in the problem under consideration, without applying the conservative smoothing procedure, zero-energy modes develop in the contact zone in the finite-element grid of the plate (an hourglass-type instability) and the collision process cannot be modeled before the cylinder rebounds.

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Alexeyev, C. N., E. V. Borshak, A. V. Volyar, and M. A. Yavorsky. "Angular momentum conservation and coupled vortex modes in twisted optical fibres with torsional stress." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 11, no. 9 (August 4, 2009): 094011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/11/9/094011.

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Podobnik, Boris, Marko Jusup, Zoran Tiganj, Wen-Xu Wang, Javier M. Buldú, and H. Eugene Stanley. "Biological conservation law as an emerging functionality in dynamical neuronal networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (October 24, 2017): 11826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705704114.

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Scientists strive to understand how functionalities, such as conservation laws, emerge in complex systems. Living complex systems in particular create high-ordered functionalities by pairing up low-ordered complementary processes, e.g., one process to build and the other to correct. We propose a network mechanism that demonstrates how collective statistical laws can emerge at a macro (i.e., whole-network) level even when they do not exist at a unit (i.e., network-node) level. Drawing inspiration from neuroscience, we model a highly stylized dynamical neuronal network in which neurons fire either randomly or in response to the firing of neighboring neurons. A synapse connecting two neighboring neurons strengthens when both of these neurons are excited and weakens otherwise. We demonstrate that during this interplay between the synaptic and neuronal dynamics, when the network is near a critical point, both recurrent spontaneous and stimulated phase transitions enable the phase-dependent processes to replace each other and spontaneously generate a statistical conservation law—the conservation of synaptic strength. This conservation law is an emerging functionality selected by evolution and is thus a form of biological self-organized criticality in which the key dynamical modes are collective.

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Iga, Keita. "Transition modes of rotating shallow water waves in a channel." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 294 (July 10, 1995): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211209500293x.

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Normal modes of shallow water waves in a channel wherein the Coriolis parameter and the depth vary in the spanwise direction are investigated based on the conservation of the number of zeros in an eigenfunction. As a result, it is generally shown that the condition for transition modes (Kelvin modes and mixed Rossby-gravity modes) to exist, besides Rossby and Poincaré modes, is determined only by boundary conditions. A Kelvin mode is interpreted as a modification of a Kelvin wave or a boundary wave along a closed boundary, and a mixed Rossby-gravity mode as a modification of an inertial oscillation or a boundary wave along an open boundary. Transition modes appearing in edge and continental-shelf waves, equatorial waves and free oscillations over a sphere are systematically understood by applying the theory in this paper.

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Tyupin, V. N. "Finding velocity of roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling using the energy conservation law." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 6 (May 20, 2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2020-6-0-76-84.

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Velocity of roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling depends on many factors distributed in 4 groups in technical literature: rock properties, bit parameters, bit-rock interaction conditions and drilling modes. Literature sources present some very complex formulas which need finding empirical coefficients before determining drilling velocity, i.e. the formulas are difficult to use. Moreover, the formulas neglect jointing of rock masses. At the same time, mathematical relations connecting drilling velocity, drilling mode and drillability of jointed rocks will make it possible to rate drilling processes and adjust blasting parameters. These studies aim to determine velocity of roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling using the energy conservation law. The used method of mathematical modeling allowed obtaining formulas for rock drilling velocity with regard to drilling modes, bit parameters, factor of rock hardness (strength) and rock mass jointing. The validity of the relations of the roller-bit and rotary-percussive drilling velocity is proved. The reliability of the drilling velocity formulas can be determined by means of investigations performed in open pit mines, with recording of all parameters and with mathematical processing of the data. The mathematical relations connecting drilling velocity, drilling modes, drill bit parameters and drillability of jointed rocks will enable rating of drilling and adjustment of blasting patterns.

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He, Siyuan, Lingfan Yang, and Qingwen Min. "Community Participation in Nature Conservation: The Chinese Experience and Its Implication to National Park Management." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 4760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114760.

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Rural communities are taking active roles in conservation. However, the basic modes and content of community participatory approach are seldom summarised or reflected on in China, leaving the use of terms confused and their links to practice disconnected. By reviewing the literature, we traced back to the protected area-community relations from the perspective of features of rural communities, namely knowledge accumulation, social bond, collective actions, and risk-aversion, and reflected on changing roles of community conservation through recognition of these features. Combining case studies and our own research experience, we focused on the de facto practices behind the somewhat casual use of several terms and re-classified community participation in conservation to three modes of community participatory management, community co-management, and community dominant management, along a continuum in which, from low to high level, conservation is more a means rather than an end for the community to be empowered for their own resource management. We argued that the success of community participation must ensure stable and flexible land tenure so that the right to benefit can be guaranteed, and the collective action in managing resources can be achieved by empowerment. In practice, further institutional changes of improvement in the legislation and optimisation in benefit sharing and compensation are needed to promote community participation in a broader social participation context.

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HEEMSKERK, M. H. M., and G. J. SAVONIJE. "Non-axisymmetric Unstable Modes in a Thin Differentially Rotating Gaseous Disk." International Journal of Modern Physics C 02, no. 01 (March 1991): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183191000500.

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We consider the linear stability of a thin differentially rotating gaseous disc with reflecting boundaries against non-axisymmetric perturbations. We assume the unperturbed disc to be in centrifugal equilibrium with the gravitational attraction of a central mass M, and consider discs whose mass can be neglected relative to M. We discuss the relevant conservation laws for the energy and angular momentum of linear non-axisymmetric modes in a thin rotating disc without self-gravity and illustrate the basic mode amplification mechanisms with help of some of our numerical solutions [1].

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França, C. S. S., E. O. Kyei, G. S. Aragundi, and R. L. Rutt. "Making sense of conservation behaviours in Mustang, Nepal." Banko Janakari 29, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v29i1.25153.

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Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) have been undertaken in many countries due to expectations of their supporting both natural resource sustainability and livelihoods. However, they have been challenged by critics over the years, who claim that conservation goals take precedence over local development in practice, thereby worsening the vulnerability of resource-dependent people. Nonetheless, one ICDP implemented in Nepal, the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), has been largely regarded by researchers and practitioners as an ICDP success case. Under the authority of a conservation-oriented NGO, ACAP, the ICDP engages local communities participatory for resource management. One community within ACAP has been found to have a substantial timber surplus that satisfies conservation goals, but could also become a sizeable and sustainable source of income for local development. We interrogate the rules and practices of timber management in this community to explore the why behind this practice, discussing how modes of environmental governance aimed at producing behaviors to manage natural resources in particular ways (‘environmentalists’) feature in the seemingly conservation-oriented de jure rules and de facto practices and in authority relations in and around the community.

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RUBAKOV, V. A., and D. V. SEMIKOZ. "ANOMALOUS NON-CONSERVATION OF FERMION QUANTUM NUMBERS IN COMPLEX BACKGROUND GAUGE FIELDS: (1 + 1)-DIMENSIONAL ABELIAN HIGGS MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 15 (May 20, 1993): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393001173.

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Zero fermion modes are found explicitly for complex background gauge field configurations on contours in complex time plane relevant to multiparticle high energy scattering processes in (1 + 1)-dimensional Abelian Higgs model. Their number is determined by the topological number in accord with the triangle anomaly. The analog of the fermion level crossing is described. So, the analysis of the non-conservation of fermion quantum numbers is naturally generalized to complex background fields.

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CZINNER, VIKTOR, MÁTYÁS VASÚTH, ÁRPÁD LUKÁCS, and ZOLTÁN PERJÉS. "COVARIANT LINEAR PERTURBATIONS IN A CONCORDANCE MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 24 (September 30, 2005): 5671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05022378.

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We present the complete solution of the first order metric and density perturbation equations in a spatially flat (K = 0), Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe filled with pressureless ideal fluid, in the presence of cosmological constant. We use covariant linear perturbation formalism and the comoving gauge condition to obtain the field and conservation equations. The solution contains all modes of the perturbations, i.e. scalar, vector and tensor modes, and we show that our results are in agreement with the Sachs and Wolfe metric perturbation formalism.

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Singhirunnusorn, Wichitra, Preeda Luesopa, Jiraluk Pansee, and Nopadon Sahachaisaeree. "Students Behavior towards Energy Conservation and Modes of Transportation: A Case Study in Mahasarakham University." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 35 (2012): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.147.

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Walsberg, Glenn E. "Thermal Consequences of Roost-site Selection: The Relative Importance of Three Modes of Heat Conservation." Auk 103, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.1.1.

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Abstract Thermal factors potentially important in the selection of nocturnal roosts by birds include shelter from wind, local increases in air temperature, and improvement in radiation balance. I analyze the relative importance of these three factors using data describing the thermal relations of Phainopepla nitens and the meteorological properties of winter roost sites selected by this species. Shelter from forced convection provides approximately 5 times more thermal benefit than improvement of radiation balance. Possible metabolic heating by the bird of air within the roost site is unimportant.

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Gueulou, Nina, Brahima Coulibaly, Noufou Doudjo Ouattara, Anatole Kanga N'guessan, Assandé Ahoba, and Adama Bakayoko. "Modes de gestion et efficacité de conservation des reliques de forêts naturelles en zone tropicale sèche : cas du Département de Korhogo (Nord, Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 3332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.28.

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L’étude a été réalisée dans trois îlots de forêts naturelles caractérisées par trois différents modes de gestion dans les zones sèches de Côte d’Ivoire. Son objectif est d’évaluer la composition et la diversité floristique de ces reliques forestières afin de promouvoir le meilleur mode de gestion pour la conservation de ces forêts. L’échantillonnage de la végétation a été conduit dans les îlots forestiers de Lataha, de Dolékaha et de Korhogo. La collecte des données a été réalisée à l’aide de la méthode de relevé de surface complétée par des inventaires itinérants. Tous les individus de diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (dbh) ≥ 5 cm ont été mesurés dans des placettes carrées de 25 m de côté. Les résultats révèlent une plus forte richesse spécifique sur le site de Lataha (19,25 ± 4,55) et de Korhogo (17,72 ± 3,28). Les valeurs des indices de Shannon indiquent que la forêt de Korhogo est la plus diversifiée (2,47±0,28). Pour l’indice d’équitabilité de Piélou, la valeur la plus importante est similaire pour les sites de Korhogo et de Dolékaha (0,84± 0,05). Le site de Korhogo regorge encore la plus forte présence des espèces à valeur de conservation. La forêt de Korhogo qui bénéficie d’une cogestion comporte la meilleure composition et diversité floristique. De ce fait, des aménagements forestiers doivent de plus en plus associer les populations riveraines pour une gestion participative. Nos résultats peuvent être utiles pour élaborer des stratégies de conservation efficace des reliques forestières de toutes les zones phytogéographiques du pays et même ailleurs dans le monde.Mots clés: Forêts naturelles, zone sèche, modes de gestion, efficacité de conservation, Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire. English Title: Management and effectiveness of conservation of natural forest relics in dry tropical zone: case of the Department of Korhogo (North, Côte d’Ivoire)This study was conducted in three types of natural forest distinguished by three different management methods in dry areas of Côte d'Ivoire. Its aims at assessing the floristic and diversity composition of these forest relics in order to promote the best mode of management for the conservation of these forests. Botanical sampling was conducted in the forest relics of Lataha, Dolékaha and Korhogo. Data collection was performed using surface survey method followed by the itinerant inventories. All individuals at a breast height diameter (dbh) ≥ 5 cm were measured in 25 m square plots. The results reveal a higher species richness at the Lataha (19.25 ± 4.55) and Korhogo (17.72 ± 3.28) site. Shannon index values indicate that the Korhogo forest is the most diversified (2.47 ± 0.28). For Piélou's index, the highest value is similar for the Korhogo and Dolékaha sites (0.84 ± 0.05). The Korhogo site still has the highest presence of species with conservation value. This study showed that the Korhogo forest, which benefits from co-management, has the best floristic and diversity composition. As a result, natural forest developments must increasingly involve local populations for participative management. Our results can be useful in developing strategies for the effective conservation of forest relics in all phytogeographic zones of Côte d’Ivoire and globally.Keywords: Natural forests, dry zone, management methods, effectiveness of conservation, Korhogo, Côted’Ivoire.

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Manak, J. Robert, and Matthew P. Scott. "A class act: conservation of homeodomain protein functions." Development 1994, Supplement (January 1, 1994): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.1994.supplement.61.

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Dramatic successes in identifying vertebrate homeobox genes closely related to their insect relatives have led to the recognition of classes within the homeodomain superfamily. To what extent are the homeodomain protein classes dedicated to specific functions during development? Although information on vertebrate gene functions is limited, existing evidence from mice and nematodes clearly supports conservation of function for the Hox genes. Less compelling, but still remarkable, is the conservation of other homeobox gene classes and of regulators of homeotic gene expression and function. It is too soon to say whether the cases of conservation are unique and exceptional, or the beginning of a profoundly unified view of gene regulation in animal development. In any case, new questions are raised by the data: how can the differences between mammals and insects be compatible with conservation of homeobox gene function? Did the evolution of animal form involve a proliferation of new homeodomain proteins, new modes of regulation of existing gene types, or new relationships with target genes, or is evolutionary change largely the province of other classes of genes? In this review, we summarize what is known about conservation of homeobox gene function.

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Zimarino, V., C. Tsai, and C. Wu. "Complex modes of heat shock factor activation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 2 (February 1990): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.2.752.

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Eucaryotic organisms respond to elevated environmental temperatures by rapidly activating the expression of heat shock genes. The transcriptional activation of heat shock genes is mediated by a conserved upstream regulatory sequence, the heat shock element (HSE). Using an HSE-binding assay, we show that a cellular factor present in a range of vertebrate species binds specifically to the HSE. This factor is presumably the transcriptional activator of heat shock genes, heat shock factor (HSF). In vertebrates, the binding of HSF to the HSE was induced when cells were subjected to heat shock at high temperatures, even in the absence of protein synthesis. Under mild heat shock conditions, HSF binding was induced to a lesser extent, but this induction required protein synthesis, suggesting that synthesis of HSF itself, or an activating factor, is necessary for response to heat shock at intermediate temperatures. The inducibility of HSF binding in higher eucaryotes is contrasted with constitutive HSF binding activity in fungi. It appears that despite conservation of the HSE in evolution, the means by which HSF is activated to bind DNA in higher and lower eucaryotes may have diverged.

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Zimarino, V., C. Tsai, and C. Wu. "Complex modes of heat shock factor activation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 2 (February 1990): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.2.752-759.1990.

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Eucaryotic organisms respond to elevated environmental temperatures by rapidly activating the expression of heat shock genes. The transcriptional activation of heat shock genes is mediated by a conserved upstream regulatory sequence, the heat shock element (HSE). Using an HSE-binding assay, we show that a cellular factor present in a range of vertebrate species binds specifically to the HSE. This factor is presumably the transcriptional activator of heat shock genes, heat shock factor (HSF). In vertebrates, the binding of HSF to the HSE was induced when cells were subjected to heat shock at high temperatures, even in the absence of protein synthesis. Under mild heat shock conditions, HSF binding was induced to a lesser extent, but this induction required protein synthesis, suggesting that synthesis of HSF itself, or an activating factor, is necessary for response to heat shock at intermediate temperatures. The inducibility of HSF binding in higher eucaryotes is contrasted with constitutive HSF binding activity in fungi. It appears that despite conservation of the HSE in evolution, the means by which HSF is activated to bind DNA in higher and lower eucaryotes may have diverged.

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Kumar, Suresh, Kiran Dhull, Payal Arora, and Ashish Kumar Luhach. "Performance of Energy Conservation Models, Generic, Micaz and Micamotes, using AODV Routing Protocol on a Wireless Sensor Network." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 20, no. 4 (December 4, 2019): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v20i4.1563.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN’s) have gained a considerable importance and are used for a variety of applications. In WSN, an arrangement of sensor nodes is done to sense and collect information from its nearby environment and to send it back to the base station using routing protocol. The biggest challenges are how to handle the routing problems and to optimize the energy consumption in WSN. In this paper, performance evaluation of three energy models, Generic, Micaz and Micamotes, is presented using Ad-Hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. The performance evaluation is done using several parameters: Throughput, Jitter, Average End-to-End Delay (AEED), Total Packets Received (TPR) and Energy consumption inthree modes (transmit, receive and idle). Based on the evaluation, it has been found that Micamotes energy model using AODV routing protocol consumes less energy by 80.46% and 428.57% in transmit mode , 102.94% and 335.6% in receive mode from Micaz and Generic energy models, respectively.

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Smrčka, Aleš. "Cultural Heritage Viability: An Example of Traditional Transport in Central Europe." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 9, no. 2 (2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.9.2.2.

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This paper focuses on traditional transport as a form of cultural heritage in Central Europe, looking at the modes of transport that are still viable today as a part of people’s lives and livelihoods, as well as strategies to ensure their survival. The importance of preserving the original purpose of traditional transport modes, as well as their acquisition of new functions in the modern era, are examined in the context of the sustainability and viability of cultural heritage. The article also highlights crucial role of promoting the visibility of cultural phenomena to the public in encouraging their protection and ongoing sustainability. It also draws attention to some less positive examples of how forms of traditional transport are currently presented, examining approaches that may lead to the alteration of traditions and the construction of distorted images of cultural heritage. In the conclusion, I propose distinguishing between forms of traditional transport that continue to maintain people’s livelihoods or generate entertainment, and forms which are merely reconstructions of traditional phenomena, intended only as imitations to recall the past

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LACQUANITI, VALENTINO, and GIOVANNI MONTANI. "DYNAMICS OF MATTER IN A COMPACTIFIED KALUZA–KLEIN MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 06 (June 2009): 929–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809014844.

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A long-standing problem in Kaluza–Klein models is the description of matter dynamics. Within the 5D model, the dimensional reduction of the geodesic motion for a 5D free test particle formally restores electrodynamics, but the reduced 4D particle shows a charge–mass ratio that is upper-bounded, such that it cannot fit in with any kind of elementary particle. At the same time, from the quantum dynamics viewpoint, there is the problem of the generation of huge massive modes. We present a criticism against the 5D geodesic approach and face the hypothesis that in Kaluza–Klein space the geodesic motion does not deal with the real dynamics of the test particle. We propose a new approach: starting from the conservation equation for the 5D matter tensor, within the Papapetrou multipole expansion, we prove that the 5D dynamical equation differs from the 5D geodesic one. Our new equation provides right coupling terms without bounding and in such a scheme the tower of massive modes is removed.

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Yakymchuk, Alina, Taras Mykytyn, and Andriy Valyukh. "Management of the nature conservation areas of Ukraine’s Polissya region based on the international experience." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(1-1).2017.05.

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In ensuring sustainable development an important role belongs to natural preservation areas with different functions and modes of preservation, where an important place is occupied by natural conservation territories and natural conservation objects that form the natural reserve fund. A system of management of natural reserve fund of Ukraine is associated with many problems and shortcomings. The authors have studied the experience of efficient management of similar institutions in other countries, such as the national natural and regional landscape parks. They have outlined prospects for the development of natural reserves in Ukraine in accordance with international standards and requirements. They have also outlined innovative tools for the protection of biodiversity. They have offered a range of measures to improve the efficiency of the system of management of natural reserves based on the best international practices (establishing standard expenses of the state budgetary financing, insurance, the use of geoinformation technologies, grant projects and programs, adaptive management, restructuring of management, improvement of the organizational structure, effective system of paid services, etc.).

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Mitas, Christos M., and Walter A. Robinson. "Atmospheric Stability in a Generalized Barotropic Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3375.1.

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Abstract An empirical modification of conventional barotropic dynamics is implemented to study the low-frequency variability (LFV) of the upper troposphere. Using the conservation of potential vorticity, generalized spectral barotropic operators that apply at single isentropic levels are constructed. In initial value calculations the empirical model shows improvement in skill compared to the conventional barotropic model, but it does not do significantly better than persistence. For short times, however, the empirically modified model shows a much closer resemblance to the observed streamfunction tendency. Overall, it is a significantly more accurate representation of the atmosphere than the conventional barotropic model. Normal, optimal, and singular modes of the modified model are calculated. The modes of the empirically modified model are more stable and more difficult to excite than those of the barotropic model. These results are consistent with previous studies that found barotropic dynamics deficient for the quantitative description of LFV. The singular modes of the modified operator have very similar patterns but explain less variance than those of the barotropic operator, which is consistent with the difficulty in detecting optimal patterns in observations. The modified barotropic operator is also more normal than the barotropic operator, and thus less variable.

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Salazar, Ana, Joyce Maschinski, Jennifer Possley, and Katherine Heineman. "Seed germination of 53 species from the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem of South Florida, USA: effects of storage, phylogeny and life-history traits." Seed Science Research 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258517000332.

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AbstractGermination studies at the community level are crucial for understanding and predicting changes in species distribution patterns, particularly in endangered plant communities. We investigated the effects of dry (11–25% relative humidity) and freezing (–18°C) storage conditions, phylogeny and plant life-history traits (life-form, life-span, microhabitat and seed dispersal mode) on seed germination percentage (GP) and time to reach 50% germination (T50) of 53 species native to pine rocklands in South Florida, USA, a globally critically imperiled ecosystem. Most species we studied (68%) withstood dry and freezing storage conditions and thus ex situ seed banking can assist their long-term conservation. Bayesian mixed effect models revealed that there was a significant phylogenetic signal in GP and T50 across species. Life-history covariates did not explain significant additional variation in GP in models controlling for the phylogenetic relationships among species. T50 differed among species with contrasting dispersal modes, with animal-dispersed seeds exhibiting more delayed germination than wind-dispersed or unassisted seeds. Differential germination responses across species with different seed dispersal modes have implications for potential shifts in species composition under disturbance and climate change. Thus, knowledge of species-relatedness and some life-history traits such as seed dispersal mode can significantly assist management decisions regarding seed storage and conservation of subtropical endangered plants.

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Chen, Ya Ping, Jun Qing Zong, and Shi Qiang Tang. "Analysis of Reverse Logistics Operation Mode for Home Appliance Manufacturing Enterprises." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1151.

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With the increase of environmental conservation awareness and its relevant legal enforcement, reverse logistics has become an important means for the home appliance manufacturing enterprises to strengthen its competitive advantage. There are mainly three modes for home appliance manufacturing enterprises to implement reverse logistics, i.e., self-managed reverse logistics, co-managed reverse logistics and outsourcing reverse logistics. Different modes exhibit their own characteristics and applicable scopes, home appliance manufacturing enterprises need to choose the proper reverse logistics mode according to their own conditions.

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YOSHIDA, Z., N. INOUE, T. FUJITA, K. HATTORI, S. ISHIDA, K. ITAMI, Y. KAMADA, et al. "Self-organization, anomalous resistance and anomalous heating in magnetized plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 59, no. 1 (January 1998): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237789700617x.

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The nonlinear dynamics and structure of plasmas with tightly twisted magnetic field lines have been studied using a toroidal plasma device. Stepwise magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) relaxation occurs, resulting in a discontinuous change in the pitch of magnetic field lines. This discrete nature of the pitch stems from the instability of kink (torsional) modes. The MHD relaxation stabilizes kink modes by selecting (self-organizing) appropriate pitches. The self-organized state displays the characteristic of a ‘dissipative structure’ in that it is accompanied by enhanced energy dissipation; the global resistance of the plasma current is substantially enhanced. The magnetic energy, which is generated by the internal plasma current, first changes into fluctuation energy through the kink instability, and then it goes mainly to ion thermal energy through viscous dissipation of the fluctuating flow. The viscosity dissipates the fluctuation energy with conservation of helicity. The self-organization of the stabilized magnetic field is characterized by the preferential conservation of the helicity.

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Palomino, Jean-François. "Cartographie et révolution numérique : la bibliothèque à l’ère électronique." Documentation et bibliothèques 47, no. 3 (August 5, 2015): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032581ar.

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À la faveur de la révolution numérique et de l’utilisation de plus en plus généralisée d’Internet, la cartographie se transforme dans ses modes de consultation, de diffusion et de conservation. Les projets et les réalisations de numérisation cartographique se multiplient au profit des spécialistes, des étudiants et du public en général. Des développements technologiques rapides permettent désormais de consulter des cartes de haute qualité. La Bibliothèque nationale du Québec offre près de 1500 cartes anciennes dans son site Web. Même si les standards restent à définir, la numérisation en vue de la conservation se répand. Le déclin de la production des cartes sur papier s’accélère et l’on favorise activement l’utilisation des données géographiques numérisées. Il importe cependant de mettre en place des mécanismes assurant la conservation de ces documents, comme plusieurs bibliothèques s’y emploient.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Modes de conservation'

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