Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modes et mécanismes de gouvernance'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 49 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Modes et mécanismes de gouvernance.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ekici, Abdullah. "Les PME : modes et mécanismes de gouvernance : étude comparative des droits français et turc." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G023.
Full textIn France and Turkey SMEs make up nearly all current enterprises and play a very important role in the regulation of economic and social life in both countries. In order to protect them, but above all, in order to encourage them to adopt more global performance, the action of SME managers has to be oriented towards socialy responsable governance. To achieve this, they have to adopt the rules of corporate governance. However, these management rules, originally intented to control the action of the managers of big US managerial firms, are not adapted to family and entrepreneurial SMEs and to the context in which this particular category of enterprise evolves. Indeed, SME managers have many difficulties to leverage private funds.They have to adopt a pragmatic approach to ensure the existence of their enterprises. It is quite normal, therefore, for them to do business in economic terms before considering social relations and societal questions. Moreover, many mechanisms of corporate governance don’t take into account the organizational and functional characteristics of this particular category of enterprise. SME managers work in a strong context of proximity characterised by the informality of relations with stakeholders. Such enterprises, since they are barely visible to the general public, often work localy or regionaly. Managers are close to their employees, suppliers and creditors, associates and customers. The ownership of capital property is not diluted very much so that the functions of ownership, management and control are often all in the hands of one strong individual (the owner-manager) or his/her relatives. In these conditions, the principles of corporate governance, as they exist today, are not easily implemented by SMEs managers to the extent that the modes of governance they adopt are barely influenced by corporate governance and its mechanisms
Kone, Arouna. "Mécanismes de gouvernance et performance de la filière coton du Mali." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968649.
Full textNakara, Walid. "Gouvernance et innovation : le rôle des acteurs et des mécanismes de gouvernance dans les politiques d'investissement en R&D." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10010.
Full textThe overwhelming complexity of systems of production and distribution, the increasing uncertainty and market dynamics lead firms to innovate in order to maintain and develop their competitive advantage. Meanwhile, national and international thinking on corporate governance now force an imperative of good conduct on economic actors (managers, investors, banks. . . ) through mechanisms of coordination and control. In this prospect, our thesis examines the links between innovation strategy (measured primarily through investment in R&D) and corporate governance. Specifically, it involves examining how governance structures affect the level of investment in R&D, in the case of large French listed companies. The results show significant associations between the intensity of investment in R&D and certain characteristics of CEOs and board of directors. We provide answers and lessons beneficial to both theory and pratice of corporate governance and R&D policy
Djatcheu, Kamgain Martin Luther. "Le phénomène de l'habitat précaire à Yaoundé : mécanismes internes et gouvernance urbaine." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0009.
Full textThe present thesis has as an ambition to understand the mechanisms of the production of the precarious habitat in Yaounde and the strategies of the various private and public actors to reabsorb it. It results from a methodology which combines the document retrieval, the direct observations, the investigations by questionnaire near a representative sample of the households of the districts with precarious habitat of Yaounde, and the talks at the chiefs of districts, persons in charge of associations and ONG of Yaounde, working in the improvement of the districts with precarious habitat. It comes out from this study that the districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde develop primarily on the slopes of steep hills and in the funds of marshy valleys. They pose real problems which push the urban powers on the one hand to shave them (Municipality) and on the other hand to implement at it strategies and/or programs of improvement (the State through the PPAB and the PDUE; ONG, associations of the districts, individuals, etc). Indeed, the precarious habitat in the studied districts first of all occupied the slopes of steep hills, then was spread out in the marshes, zones in theory not aedificandi. These districts gather nearly 90% of the population of the city. The latter, which comes from various geographical horizons, does not have a land title guaranteeing the property to him and the land transactions are done there in the illegality. The dwellings as for them, are built by drudges who employ materials of fortune. The districts with precarious habitat of the town of Yaounde have real problems of cleansing. The evacuation of solid waste constitutes a thorny question for the households, especially in terms of access to the services of collection of quality. The distribution network of electricity present in a permanent way of the failures, and the water provision is done either in sub-renting starting from a tap pertaining to a individual, or on the terminal fountain, or with a source or in a water well. The anarchistic occupation of the slopes of steep hills and the funds of marshy valleys is in the beginning many “natural” phenomena of which erosion, landslides and floods. The strategies of treatment of the precarious habitat by the public urban powers are directed on the one hand towards the abandonment without compensation for the populations not having neither land title, nor building permit, and on the other hand towards opening-up by reorganization. Several ONG and associations of the districts contribute to the cleansing of certain districts with precarious habitat in the town of Yaounde. Also, the populations of these districts employ techniques of fortune to stabilize the occupied mediums and to thus make vis-a-vis the hydrological and geomorphological problems. The operations of reorganization of the sectors with precarious dwellings and of rehousing of the populations installed in zones at real risk, are operations of installation adapted in the socio-economic context yaoundéen. For a more effective improvement, the State must imperatively carry out normative and administrative structural changes various scales. The legislation should thus plan the option of a refitting of the precarious sectors of the districts with a long-term aim to standardize the land situation their inhabitants. The public authorities must become aware of the utility to integrate the problems of the districts into precarious habitat in the planning of the evolution of their territory
Mejdoub, Imène. "Mécanismes institutionnels de gouvernance et valeur actionnariale des entreprises : une comparaison internationale." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ004D.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to test the hypothesis of a relation between mechanisms, organizational and institutional, of governance and the shareholder value of larges companies in the world. The analysis takes support on 775 listed larges companies, distributed on 22 most developed countries. The results indicate a neutrality of the impact of the mechanisms of governance on the shareholder value of larges companies. This is essentially due to the resemblance and the convergence of the systems and the practices of governance for t larges companies in the world and the disappearance, so, of the notion of national system of governance which is contradictory to the multinational character of larges companies
Joly, Hervé. "Diriger une grande entreprise française au XXe siècle : modes de gouvernance, trajectoires et recrutement." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343525.
Full textKhaldi, Mohamed Ali. "Impact des mécanismes de gouvernance sur la création et la répartition de la valeur partenariale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG007/document.
Full textThe multiplication of financial scandals since year 2000 induced debates and controversies about the governance of public companies. In the contracting paradigm, the debates on corporate governance have largely relied on shareholder value as a dominant model, in which shareholders are the only residual claimants. However, the stakeholder theory builds on the principle that the shareholder-manager agency relationship has to widen to the others stakeholders who intervene in the value creation chain, and that it is necessary to get rid of the hypothesis that shareholders are exclusive residual claimants. This move brings questions about the sharing of the organizational rent, or stakeholder value created by the firm. More specifically, the concept of stakeholder value raises questions about its measurement, its appropriation by the various stakeholders, and about the role of corporate governance mechanisms on that ground. The objective of this research is to investigate the role of firm-specific governance mechanisms (board characteristics, ownership structure) on the creation of stakeholder value on the one hand, and on the distribution of that stakeholder value to the firm and to its explicit stakeholders, on the other hand. Empirical tests are based on a panel of 103 French listed companies observed over three years (2006, 2008, and 2010). The main findings suggest that four mechanisms stand out globally positively associated to the stakeholder value created: board size and board independence, employees' voting rights (shareholder power), and the presence of an Ethics and/or Governance Committee (EGC). In terms of appropriation, two governance mechanisms seem to play a role. Firstly, board size would result in a larger part of the organizational rent captured by shareholders and suppliers, at the expense of customers and the firm itself. Secondly, the presence of an EGC results in a better consideration of the interests of some non-financial stakeholders (customers and employees), whereas the share of rent that is appropriated by financial capital providers (shareholders and debt-holders) decreases. Overall, our results concerning the implementation of an EGC turn out encouraging regarding the capacity of such mechanism to promote effective stakeholder governance within listed companies
Fen-Chong, Stéphanie. "Le pilotage chemin faisant : émergence des modes de gouvernance et de pilotage des pôles de compétitivité." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090072.
Full textBy 2004, the French government initiated a cluster policy called « Pôles de compétitivité ». These poles aim at improving the industrial competitiveness thanks to innovation and cooperation between local actors (Research – Industry –Education). Actors still have to think though the schemes for governing and managing the clusters yet. Our thesis study the emergence of these governance and management schemes, in four clusters that show variety in term of context, sector and objectives. We assume these poles are meta-organization (refering to Ahrne and Brunsson recent book published in 2008) that is to say, they are associations of autonomous organisations, that get together for some common purpose. We examine what the organizational properties of these poles are : fluid participation, blurred organizational boundaries, decentralised structure, and how those characteristics influence the construction of a governance system. We also look at the pole’s organizational practices to manage collective actions and services. We then highlight the influence of stakeholders on the management practices and tooln, and on the theories of action
Clave, Francis. "Libéralisation des échanges et des prix en Côte d'Ivoire et au Sénégal : une approche par les modes de gouvernance." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020089.
Full textSmati, Cherif Besma. "Gouvernance et performance des services publics : cas des entreprises de remontées mécaniques." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0018.
Full textPublic-Private Partnership is a tool for modernization and renewal of public intervention, its main goal is to achieve very high levels of performance. This doctoral work is therefore in the context of public management that focuses on studying the impact of public-private modes of governance on the technical efficiency of ski lifts. To answer our questions, an empirical study was conducted among 68 ski lift companies over five years (2006-2010). These data have been processed using a quantitative confirmatory study using a statistical model. To test the validity of the two models proposed by the literature, a quantitative research has been conducted. The first stochastic frontier model consists of three variables (capital productivity, labor productivity and power momentum), and three control variables (size, altitude and staff) and a dependent variable (the skier day). The second model of technical inefficiency consists of two explanatory variables (“time and materials » and SEM) and an explanatory variable (technical inefficiency). The results of this research outline, among other things, the importance of modes of governance (“time and materials » or SEM) in the process of increasing the technical efficiency of ski lifts. The second empirical study (2011-2013) which approaches the competitiveness of the French winter sports resorts by the measure of the productivity of the operators of ski lifts. By means of the indication of productivity of Malmquist and its two constituents, we look to arrest the changes of productivity then, this productivity is decomposed into two elements. Then, the relation between size and variation Technical efficiency is verified
Essogo-Ba-Mintsa, Gabin. "Décentralisation municipale et modes de gestion de l'espace urbain : l'exemple des villes de la province de l'estuaire au Gabon." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29027.
Full textSouid, Samia. "Gouvernance et performance des alliances stratégiques : le cas du secteur français des biotechnologies." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENG005.
Full textEconomic globalization and internationalization of markets have led to an unprecedented development of strategic alliances. Many research projects have tried to describe and explain this phenomenon, some via exploration of modes of governance. Contractual and relational governance are the two modes of governance identified and theorized upon in the majority of these works. Extending this research avenue further in the area of Management Sciences, a prominent place is held by the relationship between mode of governance and performance. Based on this corpus, this research aims to answer the following question: “To what extent can the governance structure improve the performance of an alliance?” Mobilizing transaction cost theory (Williamson, 1985) and social exchange theory (Blau, 1964 ; Homans, 1961) this research develops an integrative model through nine research hypotheses in an effort to understand the link between contractual governance, relational governance and performance of strategic alliances. Thanks to collaboration with the French Biotech association, the model has been tested using a representative sample of French Biotech firms. The research hypotheses were validate using the PLS method. Three main important results emerge : contractual governance is a strongly recommended choice if there is a high level of asset specificity invested in the alliance ; in the case of strong dependence on a partner, relational governance is not the ideal choice ; and relational governance has a stronger positive effect on alliance performance than does contractual governance
Delclaux, Julie. "Gestion du paysage en faveur du réseau écologique. : Modes de gouvernance, représentations et pratiques dans les espaces agricoles." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2036.
Full textBiodiversity conservation no longer only concerns protected areas. It is also a matter of ecological network. Ecological corridors between habitats participate in the circulation of animal and plant populations. This new perspective extends the scope of conservation to ordinary nature and areas where ecological processes and human activities are strongly intertwined, such as agricultural areas. This study focuses on the implementation of integrated biodiversity conservation in agricultural areas through landscape management for ecological network. We study the modes of governance, representations and practices on several scales, mixing qualitative and quantitative analyses. At the national and regional scales, changes in social representations of the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity are examined with a content analysis of French media. At the regional and local scale, we compare, in three case studies, the modes of governance of a contractual tool of the French ecological network policy: the Green and Blue infrastructure ("Trame verte et bleue"). For this purpose, we use semi-structured interviews and participant observations. At farm scale, we identify with semi-structured interviews, the ways in which biodiversity can be included as a factor in decision–making practices, and we investigate the farmers’ representations of biodiversity and landscape elements. We show the importance of taking into account the diversity of conceptions and representations of landscape by farmers and all stakeholders for successful integrated biodiversity conservation. In the design and implementation of ecological network policies, the predominant conception of landscape is ecological and therefore has difficulty in including the agricultural issues and farmers’ views. Finally, we discuss the theoretical, methodological and practical implications of our results in conservation geography
Gonçalves, Anthony. "Mécanismes d'action du taxol et modes de résistances spécifiques : études cellulaires de l'apoptose et de la dynamique microtubulaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20677.pdf.
Full textKouamé, Diane Saty. "Les facteurs de succès ou d'échec des Jeunes Entreprises Innovantes françaises selon leurs modes de financement et de gouvernance." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0047/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to expose the underlying causes of success for hightechnology start-ups, in particular those operating under the regime "Jeunes Entreprises Innovantes" (JEI) in the French context. We narrow down the factors to those related to financing and governance. We surveyed 488 technology firms created between 1996 and 1998. We use as a proxy the features of the JEI law enacted in 2004. Technically speaking, our sample is not part of the JEI cohorts so we back tested databases to extract firms meeting the conditions of the law. Wecall this sample the simulated JEI. We retain a two-step approach. To discriminate our sample, we first use survival - firms operating as an ongoing concern - as a proxy for success. Results show that at the end of the period six companies were acquired by a larger company, less than a third of these companies went bankrupt but more than half survived. Second, we have recourse to a technique of automatic classification called taxonomy. To that end, we start assessing economic and financial performances of the companies still alive over the period. This second approach yields two separate groups. Overall, the performances of these firms are at best mixed. Although almost all of the simulated JEI are capable of sustaining themselves financially, only about a quarter of them are profitable. Identifying factors of success or failure factors requires an econometric approach centeredon binomial and multinomial logistic regressions. The most important findings are thefollowing. First, the fact that employees own shares of their firms has a positive influence on performance, except for those backed by venture capital. Second, high levels of debt at the inception impact positively the outcome of the firm. Finally, the results shed a positive light on the controversial payroll tax exemptions. Our models show that they are keys to early success of the simulated JEI. [...]However, these results should be interpreted in the light of evident limitations. We were constrained by the lack of reliable data, having lots of missing values for some of key indicators. We also face a survival bias since the identification of efficient firms can only be applied to existing concerns in our sample. Likewise, we can't reject the hypothesis that the historical context might play a role since the period of our analysis covers the bust of the ICT (Information Technology and Communication) bubble occurring in 2001. Last limitation concerns the conditions of the simulation of our sample. Obviously, the simulated JEI firms had not benefited as much as the real ones from the substantial tax allowances brought up by the legislation. So we consider this study as a first step towards a better understanding of the factors of success of French High Tech Start-ups. [...]
Toumi, Sirine. "L’impact des mécanismes de gouvernance dans la gestion des risques bancaires et la performance des banques. "Cas de la France , l’Allemagne et le Japon"." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0031/document.
Full textThe study of the internal mechanisms of governance in particular the board of directors and its relationship with the credit risk as well as the performance is the main subject of this thesis. From a sample of 13 French banks, 13 German and 20 Japanese rated during the period 2005 - 2012, we are trying to detect the impact of the characteristics of the Board of Directors and its committees on the credit risk, and on the banking performance. Our results show that the internal mechanisms of governance affect certainly, the level of appropriations non-performing assets and the financial performance of banks, but with mixed effects; they reflect this divergence between countries
Koyo, Yves-Cédric. "Les mécanismes de gouvernance entre les gestionnaires de fonds et les dirigeants de PME en contexte d'investissement socialement responsable." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2286/1/030277632.pdf.
Full textDupin, Valérie. "Chimiothérapie des infections à VIH et à Herpesviridae : modes d'action : mécanismes de résistances : revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P017.
Full textBen, Ayed-Koubaa Hanen. "L' impact des mécanismes internes de gouvernance sur la qualité de l'information produite et divulguée par l'entreprise : cas du SBF 120." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010060.
Full textCastagnos, Pauline. "Vésicules catanioniques : design et mécanismes de délivrance de principes actifs." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1412/.
Full textSugar-derived catanionic surfactants self-assemble spontaneously into vesicles, which can encapsulate either hydrophilic drugs inside their aqueous core or hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs inside their bilayer. Their biocompatibility, as well as their stability under time and dilution in biological media, allow to consider the use of these organized molecular systems for drug vectorization and delivery. In the present work, a mechanistic study showed these eco-designed and adjustable systems are able to fuse spontaneously with lipid assemblies mimicking cell membranes, provided that these latter present organization defects inside the bilayer. Cellular interaction mechanisms of such supramolecular systems were elucidated on cancer cell lines, by confocal microcopy and flow cytometry techniques. On the one hand, macropinocytosis, clathrin and caveolae pathways were shown to intervene as major active processes of cellular uptake of vesicles. The simultaneous intervention of these three pathways of endocytosis enables a progressive drug release through complementary mechanisms. On the other hand, experimental results verified that catanionic vesicles are capable of fusing with cell membranes. This spontaneous membrane fusion, concomitant with endocytosis, provides to these innovative systems the ability to deliver hydrophilic compounds directly inside cytoplasm. Numerous perspectives of such systems can thus be foreseen. An application towards vectorization of photosensible drugs was initiated in the present work, in order to fight cutaneous cancer through photodynamic therapy. These vectors, charged with hydrophobic active principles, showed enhanced stability and promising in vitro results for treatment of skin melanoma and oral squamous carcinoma
Gatete, Charly Djerma. "Perceptions et jeu d’acteurs dans la construction de l’action publique et des modes de gouvernance dans la filière agrocarburant et effets structurants potentiels sur le développement au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA111003.
Full textBiofuels have renewed a strong development since 2000 in West Africa countries without a clear and shared vision by all stakeholders. However, the strategies and interactions between public and private actors are important in the construction of these biofuels sector and policies. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze public action described as "all relations [stakeholder's interplay] more or less institutionalized, practices and representations that contribute to the production and regulation of social relations" in the development of biofuels in Burkina Faso. It analyzes the influence of stakeholder's interplay in the emergence and structuring of several biofuels sectors and policy development. This thesis has also sought to analyze the influence of actors perceptions and interactions in the construction of institutional arrangements and sector governance. Finally, from a multi-criteria analysis based on the actors perceptions on potential structuring effects of biofuels in Burkina Faso development, it was highlighted the influence of these perceptions in explaining the current institutional landscape
Nejjar, Wafae Nada. "Contribution à l'analyse des mécanismes de gouvernance explicatifs de la qualité de la communication financière : cas des entreprises du SBF 120." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681588.
Full textSarsar, Ben Naceur Salima. "La communication volontaire de l'information financière et non financière en France : Impact des relations de pouvoir entretenues avec les parties prenantes et rôles de mécanismes de gouvernance." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0010.
Full textConsequently to a general problem of transparency of companies disclosed information, we focus our study on the determinants of the voluntary information disclosure in the French context, during the 2004 and 2007 years period. As a sample of the study we selected the SBF 120 index companies. Determinants were grouped in three groups of variables (Intrinsic Firm's characteristics, Stakeholders power and Corporate governance best practices). We adopted a hypotheticodeductive model and essentially a quantitative approach. The main results of the study suggest that the level of voluntary disclosure is positively related to the firm size, to the firm level of debts, to the firm performance, to the firm media exposure and to the conformity of boards of directors and audit committees with certain good corporate governance practices. The multivaried results show that firm conformity with the best practices of corporate governance Level of debts and Performance) explain till 23 % of disclosure's level of companies and that the pressure exercised by the stakeholders explains only 7 % of the disclosure level. Furthermore, the three groups of variables inserted into the same model of regression, manage to explain till 56 % of the disclosure level. Corporate governance's variables have the most explanatory weight in this last model. The results of our studies also suggest that the determinants of the voluntary disclosure do not seem to be the same for the small sized and the big sized companies
Ndiaye, Madické Mbodj. "La gouvernance des organisations de microfinance rurales au Sénégal : analyse historique et institutionnelle des mutuelles et coopératives du Remec Niayes." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40014/document.
Full textIn microfinance, the success of the major networks is closed to constant failures of rural cooperative organizations which are struggling to remain after their institutionalisation and their autonomy. The failure of rural mutual or cooperative organizations is related to the problem of governance. Considering the types of governance to reduce transaction costs and conflicts caused by the relations between agencies do not reflect exactly the dynamic aspect of governance in microfinance. This limit is raised by the heterodox theory that combines the genesis of new executives from the interaction of stakeholders and trade-offs which come out of that in order to stabilize organizations. We chose an approach by stakeholders and to justify this choice, we have used the model of Gérard Charreaux analysis, the Daniel Côté cooperative balance model and the Christian Cadiou theoretical model of the stakeholders. On the field, we have mobilized analysis tools of governance of the cherry in the case of the Niayes Remec. So, we bear in mind that cooperatives and rural mutual are the result of the melting between resources and superposition of associative and entrepreneurial practices. They are more able to endure the withdrawal of the external support when they benefit from that after their setting up by members. External participation strengthens resources and threatens the democratic balance, and it triggers a process of repatriation of authorities from leaders to the wage-earning staff. When the co-operative organizations are disconnected from their base (members), the social mechanisms do not play their auto-enforcement role efficiently
Chotitumtara, Adisak. "La publication des transactions entre parties liées et les mécanismes de gouvernance des entreprises thaïlandaises = Disclosure of related party transactions and thai corporate governance." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA0005.
Full textRelated party transactions have recently become many accounting scandals worldwide, from Enron, Adelphia, and Tyco in U.S., Parmalat in Italy, HIH in Australia. In Asia, there have been many examples of looting of firms by managers or controlling shareholders using related party transactions during markets crisis of 1997-1998. In both emerging and developed markets, related party transactions are used as a tool to transfer assets and profits out of the firms for the benefit of those who control them.The U.S. Congress in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 attempted to control these related party transactions. But in many countries, transactions between related parties are a common practice to transfer benefits and assets between companies. The agency theory generally considers that related party transactions are detrimental to the interests of shareholders. The academic literature has attempted to measure expropriation using indirect proxies for the propensity of firms to expropriate (see for example, Bertrand, Metha, & Mullainathan, 2002; La Porta et al., 2000a, 2002; Faccio, Lang, & Young, 2001).Thailand requires, since the Asian financial crisis of 1997, the publication on the amount and nature of related party transactions. This study addresses the question of the relationship between governance mechanisms and the applying of related party transactions.The econometric results indicate that the managerial ownership and the audit company have a negative impact on the amount of related party transactions. Moreover, the CEO duality has a positive impact on the amount of related party transactions. Similarly, the independent board and the leverage ratio have a positive impact on the amount of related party transactions.This study also explores the relationship between financial performance and the applying of related party transactions. Our results show that financial performance is independent of the applying of related party transactions. These results show that, as the shareholder approach, the applying of related party transactions is neither favorable nor unfavorable. Therefore, the benefits of related party transactions cannot be appreciated with a view only shareholder. We, therefore, propose to use the theoretical framework of stakeholders in order to capture the benefits of related party transactions. This will be the objective of future research.Our theory provides a better understanding of how related party transactions are affected by the mechanisms of corporate governance in Thai listed companies. We contribute to the existing academic literature and attempt to demonstrate how the characteristics, structure and quality of corporate governance mechanisms are essential
Nougarèdes, Brigitte. "Modes d'insertion socio-spatiale du bâti agricole périurbain et sociabilités locales : le cas des "hameaux agricoles" dans l'Hérault." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931887.
Full textHerrera, Ríos Miguel Andrés. "Gouverner la justice en Équateur (1979-2019) : réformes institutionnelles et modes concurrents de régulation d'un pouvoir d'État." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D070.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the transformations of the judiciary in Ecuador between 1979 and 2019. Distancing itself from the dominant approaches in Latin America that focus mainly on the “independence” of judicial institutions vis-à-vis political actors, this research offers an analysis in terms of judicial government in order to formulate this issue from a different perspective. It will therefore not be focused on measuring the degree of judicial independence or even the quality of the judges’ decisions, but it will rather examine how the rules and the dynamics that regulate those institutions in Ecuador have changed. Based on empirical work on parliamentary debates, press articles and interviews with former magistrates of the Supreme Court, this thesis attempts on the one hand to retrace the trajectory of the judicial question since 1979 – when the last military government ended in Ecuador –, and on the other hand the main reform initiatives that have changed the composition and the powers of the top institutions of the judiciary: the Supreme Court of Justice and the Judicial Council. From these two elements, we will analyze the place of the judicial issue in the political arena, the stakes underlying the attempts of reform and especially how the links between justice and politics have been rearranged during the last forty years. All of these analytical elements will give us a better understanding of the transformations of the Ecuadorian state during this period of time
Brunet, Jean-Luc. "Modes d'action des néonicotinoi͏̈des : étude comparée des mécanismes d'absorption et de métabolisation chez un invertébré, l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.), et chez un vertébré, l'homme." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30007.
Full textThe differential toxicity of imidacloprid (IMI) and acetamiprid (AAP) to human and to the honeybee might be explained, in part, by their absorption and their metabolization. AAP is very rapidly absorbed and metabolized in honeybee and its kinetic of distribution in the organism is similar to that of IMI. AAP metabolization leads to the production of many derivatives that tend to persist in the honeybee suggesting a subsequent (sub-)chronic intoxication. AAP and IMI absorption studies, using Caco-2 cell line, suggest a rapid and massive intestinal absorption in human, involving different passive diffusion and active transports for AAP and IMI. In human, the AAP metabolization by hepatocytes and liver microsomes leads to the appearance of a single metabolite. The major cytochrome P450 involved is CYP2C9 which expression is non-ubiquitous in human. Thus, if single AAP metabolite is toxic for human, the risk for human health will be not generalized in the population
Hodé, Yann. "Contributions à une approche moléculaire en psychiatrie : étude des modes d'action de certains neuroleptiques atypiques et des mécanismes d'une forme génétique d'anxiété." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13241.
Full textSanabria, Janeet Margarita. "Variabilité interannuelle du régime des pluies et des événements extrêmes ENSO le long du versant Pacifique Péruvien : mécanismes de contrôle à grande échelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30143.
Full textFour strong El Niño events took place within the last five decades (1972/1973, 1982/1983, 1997/1998 and 2015/2016) recorded as strong in the Niño 3.4 region. They can exhibit significant differences in their evolution associated with a distinct rainfall anomaly evolution along the PPB (Peruvian Pacific Basin), which illustrates the strong nonlinearity of the ENSO teleconnection on the rainfall in this area. These extreme rainfalls have harmful impacts on the population and productive sectors due to floods and landslides which are trigged by them. Yet the key climatic circulation pattern for their different evolution and magnitude are still unknown. Here we show that different rainfall patterns during these events are associated with moisture transport originated from different large-scale moisture sources. For example, in the 1983 -1998 (2016) events appear as related with strong (weak to moderate) moisture coming from the Pacific warming (also coming from Atlantic Ocean through the Amazon basin). Characteristic of these moisture transports is due to an atmospheric response opposite between the 1983-1998 events (that are similar) and 2016 event experiencing out-of-phase moisture transport patterns. Although these rainfalls are linked to the moisture arrival from those sources, the moisture amount entering the PPB can be also influenced by regional atmospheric circulation of upper level winds (100 to 300 hPa) leading to different enhanced moisture transport associated with different rainfall anomalies in the North-Centre PPB. The interplay of large-scale and regional circulation and Pacific moisture transport explains the Ep mode associated with rainfall in the north-Centre PPB. The high dispersion of rainfall in highlands (Cp mode) during the moderate (extremes) El Niño appears as linked to low-middle (high level) moisture transport from the Amazon (Pacific) reaching highlands
Du, Boys Céline. "Rôle des conflits d'agence, de la structure d'actionnariat et des mécanismes de gouvernance sur les politiques de distribution : application aux décisions de dividende et de rachat d'actions des sociétés françaises cotées." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32041.
Full textThe dissertation aims at better understanding shareholder payout policies in the framework of the agency theory and to explain the choice of the payout tool: dividend or share repurchase. Taking into account the ownership structure of European firms, the classical conceptual framework was extended to a broader study of the influence of agency relationships between managers and shareholders, as well as between majority and minority shareholders. Such an analysis requires taking into account both factors influencing agency conflicts and the firm’s governance system. An empirical study of French companies listed on the SBF250 allows to illustrate the relevance of the conceptual framework and to highlight the limits of payout policies to resolve agency conflicts in France. While payout is used to reduce Free Cash Flow risk, its use is limited in a conflict situation between majority and minority shareholders. Without any efficient alternative governance mechanisms, minority shareholders cannot urge insiders to pay out. Thus the majority shareholders are free to reduce payout and to draw private benefits. The thesis also looks into the choice of the payout tool. In accordance with the various hypotheses stemming from literature survey, a major finding is that share repurchase is preferred when managers have stock-options or when firms’ earnings are temporary. Another key finding is that taxes do not influence in a significant way the choice of the payout tool. Eventually, it is stressed that share repurchase is not often used in France for payout, and that dividend remains the main tool
Carvalho, Lucie de. "Has the ship really lost her captain? Les politiques électronucléaires britanniques de 1979 à 2015 : le rôle de l’État à l’épreuve des nouveaux modes de gouvernance." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA153.
Full textSince the turn of the century, the threats of climate change and the future depletion of the world’s oil reserves have triggered mounting concerns over a looming energy crisis, foreshadowing a shift in energy paradigm. Many industrial nations have recently turned to nuclear power as a possible low-carbon and stable means of producing electricity. In 2006 the UK became a new player in this worldwide nuclear renaissance. However, the UK nuclear industry was greatly weakened during the neo-liberal era of the 1990s, when its previously monopolistic structure was dismantled and privatised. According to governance theories, such practices underscore how the State has essentially been hollowed out and has seen its capacity to interfere in policy-making greatly eroded throughout the 1990s. Since new nuclear energy projects rely on strong state support, the British situation offers a case in point to test this governance theory. This research explores how the British nuclear power policies evolved from 1979 to 2015 from a historical and systemic angle. It reveals that, since the end of the 2000s, the UK State has managed to revive some of its leadership instruments, despite its attachment to free market principles. A new paradigm is therefore emerging in the relationship between the State, the citizens, the industrial sector and the electricity markets that can be characterised by new innovative and hybrid decision-making practices, involving forms of technocratic governance, neo-corporatism and neo-Keynesianism
Sierra, Julia. "Études des mécanismes de croissance des racines Datura innoxia : application à la culture en bioréacteur avec divers modes de conduite." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1708.
Full textThe subject of this thesis work is to study various operating modes for the production of Datura innoxia hairy roots in Erlenmeyer scale and in laboratory bioreactor scale. The aim of this work is to improve the production perfomances by trying to improve the growth kinetics by providing the best operating conditions with a minimum doubling lime and a maximum biomass production. The work in Erlenmeyer scale was focused on the needs of hairy roots concerning species composing the nutriment. While the work in the bioreactor scale was more especially oriented to the optimization and improvement of the operating conditions in which a maximum of biomass can be obtained for a given time. At the light of these studies, it is found that the best "preparing mode" in Erlenmeyer scale is that obtained in vibrated Fembach flat bottom flasks with an adapted culture medium. These flasks provide bigger gas/liquid contact area and good performance with the vibrating system. The lime of doubling at these conditions is only 1. 86 days. A number of operating modes have been studied: batch, atomization, cyclic and nutriment renewal. The doubling lime with the fed-batch mode is found to be 2. 4 days. We also demonstrated that the growth of Datura innoxia hairy roots at the exponential phase can be described by Monod's equation. The best global perfomance at bioreaetor seale is obtained with fed-batch operating mode where the hairy roots are fed regularly during the culture period
Bondet, Vincent. "Oxydation de l'acide linoléique initiée par le système fer (II) / acide ascorbique en milieu dispersé : Mécanismes réactionnels et modes d'action de quelques antioxydants phénoliques." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1187.
Full textThe antioxidant behaviour of phenolic compounds depends on several factors with the structure of the medium playing a major part. The inhibition effects of 17 phenolic compounds on the oxidation of linoleic acid dispersed in an aqueous phase were studied. Conjugated dienes typically formed during the fust step of oxidation, and volatile compounds coming frOID the decomposition ofhydroperoxides, were monitored simultaneously in this study. The iron-ascorbate system was used as oxidation initiator and the experimental conditions were first adjusted. Mechanisms involving various active species were studied and appropriate concentration levels were chosen to achieve a simple and exploitable response. Ln that dispersed medium, a series of reactions and migrations of active species took place. The quick first step which was induced by the iron-ascorbate system was generated at the interface and gave way to a propagation step which took place in much deeper layers and which was characterised by a steady - rate for several hours. A relation between the efficiency of the studied antioxidants against the production of volatile compounds which are typical of rancidity and their ability to inhibit the formation of dienes was demonstrated. The relation between high antioxidant effect and apolarity has been established as in the 'polar paradox' firstly described by PORTER. This phenomena is explained by the concentration of non-polar compounds at the interface of the micelles. For similar polarities, antioxidant effect seemed to increase with the number of phenolic functions or groups able to chelate iron ions. To study the antiradical effect separately, the reduction of DPPH radical by three different antioxidants (BHT, eugenol and isoeugenol) in methanol was the method of choice. Bach molecule showed its own antiradical kinetics, reaction time, stoichiometry and reaction orders. Reactional mechanisms were proposed for each case
Thual, Sulian. "Modèles réduits pour l'étude des mécanismes et de la modulation de l'oscillation australe El Niño." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1821/.
Full textThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most intense climatic fluctuation on Earth after the seasonal cycle. The observation, understanding and forecast of this fluctuation with worldwide impacts are major scientific issues. This thesis (entitled "Simple Models for Understanding the Mechanisms and Modulation of ENSO") documents various aspects of ENSO such as its mechanisms, its modulation and its forecast. Those various aspects are tackled by developing a hierarchy of models of the equatorial Pacific, of increasing complexity, ranging from conceptual models to a data assimilation method in an intermediate complexity model. We study at first mechanisms of ENSO formation. We develop an alternative derivation of the recharge/discharge conceptual model where ENSO arises from a basin-wide adjustment of the equatorial thermocline. We also implement an original diagnostic in a model of equatorial coupled instabilities, which evidences a new mechanism of ENSO formation where reflections at the ocean boundaries are secondary. The background ocean stratification contributes to the decadal modulation of ENSO characteristics. This relation is adressed in a new reduced model that takes into account the gravest baroclinic modes of a continusouly stratified ocean. The space of model solutions is explored, indicating a control on ENSO stability by characteristics of the equatorial thermocline. The sensitivity to stratification over the recent decades is put in perspective with the sensitivity to thermodynamic and atmospheric feedbacks. We stress in particular certain limitations of usual methods of estimation of the thermocline feedback in the central Pacific. Finally, we implement an Ensemble Kalman Filter method in an already existing intermediate model of the equatorial Pacific, in order to assimilate sea level observations and to initialize retrospective forecasts. We show that the major model constraint is on the basin modes that are associated to the recharge/discharge process of the equatorial Pacific. Our work provides a formalism to diagnose the modulation of ENSO characteristics in observations, climate projections and forecasts. Results support the need to extent the understanding of ENSO mechanisms, in order to account for the diversity of observed regimes and to improve forecasts
Parent, Guillaume. "Evaluation de la durée de vie de composants électroniques de puissance commerciaux soumis à plusieurs tests de vieillissement et détermination des mécanismes de défaillance." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17829/1/Parent_G.pdf.
Full textNiyongabo, Gilbert. "Politiques d'ouverture commerciale et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173168.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous proposons de revenir sur les différents effets de l'ouverture commerciale sur le développement économique. Ainsi, nous distinguons l'ouverture « naturelle » qui est déterminée par la structure économique et l'abondance des ressources naturelles des politiques d'ouverture qui sont purgées de ces variables. Ensuite, nous testons les effets des deux variantes de l'ouverture commerciale sur le développement économique. Les résultats de nos estimations économétriques montrent que la croissance économique est plus élevée pour des pays
qui ont mis en place des politiques d'ouverture que pour des pays ouverts grâce à leurs ressources
naturelles. L'adoption des politiques d'ouverture semble offrir l'avantage de stimuler une hausse
des taux d'investissement et de la productivité des facteurs dans un environnement de concurrence internationale. Par ailleurs, nous testons l'effet interactif entre l'adoption des politiques d'ouverture et l'instauration de la bonne gouvernance du début des années 90 dans bon nombre de pays en développement. Nos résultats nous amènent à conclure que la bonne gouvernance et l'adoption des politiques d'ouverture agissent de façon interactive et sont positivement associés à l'augmentation des revenus, à la réduction des inégalités et à
l'amortissement des chocs commerciaux. Nous concluons, en fin de compte, que l'adoption des
politiques d'ouverture s'accompagne du développement économique.
Meniaoui, Jihène. "Les leviers et mécanismes organisationnels de création de valeur inhérents aux opérations de ownre buy out (OBO) : une étude exploratoire." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2006.
Full textThe subject of my study is to investigate the nature of productive collaboration between investor capital and ownermanager in an OBO operation and its influence on value creation through the identification of organizational levers and mechanisms of value creation. In order to achieve it, we opted for a mixed methodology. First, by observing the management practices of 42 private equity investors, we have identified the criteria mobilized by specialized financial investors to reduce the information 's asymmetric in the pre-investment phase. Through cluster analysis, the obtained results suggested that the target preselecting's criteria to an OBO must be qualified in terms of the typical profiles of the identified groups of investors (financial and strategists). The difference between the two classes was cognitive and mainly concerned the investor perception of the strategic issues of an OBO operation. Secondly, through selective interviews with 17 capital investors, we highlighted the levers and organizational mechanisms at the origin of the value creation proccss. Our stud has shown that the modalities associated with their implementation must also be qualified according to investors' perceptions of the strategic issues associated with an OBO operation. Indeed, investors who claimed to have a "hands-on" type of management are actively involved in setting up the company's development and transmission strategies. They paid particular attention to the long-term economic viability of the project, the performance of managers in management, their motivations and those of their management teams, and in particular to the presence of a potential buyer at the beginning of the operation. On the other hand, the contributions of investors who claimed to have a "hands-off" type of management are limited to providing financial resources and aligning the interests of the various stakeholders in order to guarantee a retum on investment on a relatively short horizon. Similarly, the absence of a potential buyer at the start of the OBO was not considered as prohibitive for this category of investors. The study showed, in particular, that the nature of the conflicts that can arise between the protagonists and the mechanisms of resolution are correlated with the mode of management of the participations that investors claimed
Pintault, Bruno. "Réalisation par métallurgie des poudres d'alliages à base cuivre associant plusieurs modes de durcissement : études des mécanismes de densification des poudres et du comportement plastique de divers alliages expérimentaux." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2307.
Full textVenet, Thierry. "Etude des modes de croissance et des mécanismes de relaxation de couches InxGa1-xAs (x < 0,53) contraintes en tension sur InP : Application dans la réalisation d'hétérostructures pour composants optoélectroniques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0021.
Full textThual, Sulian. "Modèles réduits pour l'etude des mécanismes et de la modulation de l'oscillation australe El Niño." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772756.
Full textCombe, Marius. "Instruments économiques et protection de la biodiversité : analyse juridique des mécanismes de compensation écologique et de paiements pour services environnementaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3055.
Full textGathered under the term “economic instruments” – or market-base instruments -, mechanisms for ecological compensation and payments for environmental services have established themselves as the essential tool for the biodiversity and ecosystem protection policies. Built around a plurality of principles (polluter pays principle, beneficiary pays principle, etc.) and concepts (ecosystem services, natural capital, etc.) largely influenced by economical approaches of biodiversity and ecosystems, these two instruments characterize the oncoming of a new take on environmental policies. The study reveals the plurality of judicial links that unite ecological compensation and payments for environmental services. Sometimes close together, sometimes distinguishable, these mechanisms are, in fine, both sides of a same coin. The use of payments for environmental services, as ecological compensation, appears however as a preoccupying orientation, likely to deflect this instrument from its purpose. In spite of their theoretical virtues, the efficiency of ecological compensation mechanisms and payments for environmental services for the protection of biodiversity turns out to be questionable, justifying a reinforcement and more consistency in their legal framework
Martin, Steve. "Mécanismes de croissance et propriétés de couches minces de silice hydrogénée réalisées par décharge luminescente à la pression atmosphérique en mélange silane, protoxine d'azote, azote." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30079.
Full textHernandez, Perez Sara. "Que faut-il choisir entre une gestion centralisée et un système d’autogestion base sur des mécanismes de marché pour réduire le trafic illégal des espèces faunistiques sauvages : analyse comparative économique et institutionnelle appliquée aux tortues marines en Colombie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100206/document.
Full textFor over 30 years, Colombia built its national policy to protect wildlife species against the illegal traffic. The national institutional framework was strengthened by the ratification of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of flora and fauna threatened with extinction) in 1981. However, this institutional framework is not sufficient to curb the illegal trade of marine turtles species. Despite some success to protect and recover some species, what really matters is the effectiveness of the national policy to conserve wildlife species. Hence my proposal to design and implement a cap and trade system based on transferable quotas decreasing in time, reinforced by contractual arrangements. This self-organized system aims at having zero catches level and enhance conformity and cooperation within the environmental regulation. This thesis aims to compare the efficacy of these two modes of governance to reduce the illegal trade of sea turtles based on the following criteria: the environmental performance, economic efficiency and social equity. I pursuit by estimating the corresponding transaction costs to show that the variation in the structure of transaction costs and the distribution of these costs among stakeholders affect the final performance of the institutional framework. Cost-benefit analysis was performed to justify institutional change, in addition to the analysis of transaction costs. This study is located in the north of Colombia, an area of 30 km, indigenous Wayuu territory, being more concerned with the illegal green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Makdessi, Maawad. "Modélisation, vieillissement et surveillance de l'état de santé des condensateurs films utilisés dans des applications avioniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058227.
Full textRazafiarison, Tahiry Anja. "La responsabilité médicale à Madagascar : Réalités internes et proposition d'actualisation en référence au droit médical français." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT3003/document.
Full textTo come up to the Malagasy society's expectations a legal act on medical responsibility should be coherent with the local conception of medical practice. In Madagascar, the public opinion is convinced that medical practice has to deal with a divine action out of the physician's control so that the legal concept of therapeutic risk is therefore accepted. The physician is only required to assume the continuity of the service and to provide his or her best care to patients. Meanwhile Malagasy culture shows an extreme compassion towards people suffering of bodily injuries mainly when these wounds result from a malpractice. To prevent a godly punishment doctors usually have to donate to their injured patient. This helps to preserve the physician's reputation and his or her relationship with the patient. Medical duty in Madagascar is more a matter of recognition of the patient's pain than a procedure of compensation. French legal system is different as it promotes the complete compensation in case of malpractice. However, both legal systems are similar when proposing alternative process to resolve conflicts
Sanabria, Quispe Janeet Margarita. "Variabilité interannuelle du régime des pluies et des événements extrêmes ENSO le long du versant Pacifique Péruvien : mécanismes de contrôle à grande échelle." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30143/document.
Full textFour strong El Niño events took place within the last five decades (1972/1973, 1982/1983, 1997/1998 and 2015/2016) recorded as strong in the Niño 3.4 region. They can exhibit significant differences in their evolution associated with a distinct rainfall anomaly evolution along the PPB (Peruvian Pacific Basin), which illustrates the strong nonlinearity of the ENSO teleconnection on the rainfall in this area. These extreme rainfalls have harmful impacts on the population and productive sectors due to floods and landslides which are trigged by them. Yet the key climatic circulation pattern for their different evolution and magnitude are still unknown. Here we show that different rainfall patterns during these events are associated with moisture transport originated from different large-scale moisture sources. For example, in the 1983 -1998 (2016) events appear as related with strong (weak to moderate) moisture coming from the Pacific warming (also coming from Atlantic Ocean through the Amazon basin). Characteristic of these moisture transports is due to an atmospheric response opposite between the 1983-1998 events (that are similar) and 2016 event experiencing out-of-phase moisture transport patterns. Although these rainfalls are linked to the moisture arrival from those sources, the moisture amount entering the PPB can be also influenced by regional atmospheric circulation of upper level winds (100 to 300 hPa) leading to different enhanced moisture transport associated with different rainfall anomalies in the North-Centre PPB. The interplay of large-scale and regional circulation and Pacific moisture transport explains the Ep mode associated with rainfall in the north-Centre PPB. The high dispersion of rainfall in highlands (Cp mode) during the moderate (extremes) El Niño appears as linked to low-middle (high level) moisture transport from the Amazon (Pacific) reaching highlands
Maganga, Théophile. "Management et gouvernance des universités en Afrique : points de vue des acteurs à propos des modes de fonctionnement de l'Université Omar Bongo et de l'Université des Sciences de la santé au Gabon /." 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1079669151&sid=33&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHellou, Gisèle. "Les théories de la complexité et la systémique en gouvernance clinique: le cas des soins intensifs chirurgicaux." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2831.
Full textIn Health Technology Assessment and Management, Evidence-Based Medicine and many tools available for clinical assessment reflect a positivistic and mechanistic approach to Health Care Organizations and scientific knowledge. We argue that the Complexity Theories and the Systemic decision-making process give a different insight on those two aspects of Clinical Governance in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). In a case-study, we describe the nature of critically ill and unstable patients and the organizational structure of a SICU in a university based hospital. We demonstrate all the characteristics of complexity in that setting, through the use of many examples and micro-situational analysis. After an epistemological critical appraisal of EBM, we suggest that if a SICU is conceptualized as a dynamic non-linear adaptative system, then clinical knowledge and scientific thought processes must include hermeneutical, systemic and abductive types of reasoning. Finally, we draw upon Karl Weick’s work and suggest that a SICU must be considered as a High Reliability Organization in order to aim for improving patient care and create better conditions for quality and performance in this complex environment.