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Borbély, Adrian. "Managers in disputes and use of alternative dispute resolution in France." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESEC0006.
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Cette thèse explore les facteurs de résistance aux Modes Alternatifs de Règlement des Conflits (MARC) présents au sein des entreprises françaises, en particulier dans les interactions entre gestionnaires et professionnels du droit en situation de litige d’entreprise. Cet ouvrage se compose de trois articles académiques qui proposent des avancées théoriques, notamment en transposant la théorie de l’agence dans les services professionnels, et deux études empiriques. La première lève le voile sur la diversité et le caractère dynamique des relations gestionnaires-juristes et propose des leviers organisationnels visant à promouvoir une gestion efficace des litiges. La seconde lie les comportements individuels des gestionnaires, en particulier en relation avec leurs conseils juridiques, avec l’utilisation et le succès des MARC. Ensemble, ces articles mettent en lumière la notion de coproduction et invitent à seconcentrer sur le comportement des clients de la résolution des litiges d’entreprise. Ils suggèrent que, les MARC se trouvant à la frontière de la sphère de compétence des juristes français, des pratiques efficaces de résolution des litiges nécessitent que les clients s’adaptent, voire des efforts de changement organisationnel. Ces études contribuent à la théorie de la gestion des conflits et participent à la promotion d’une résolution efficace des litiges au sein des entreprises françaises<br>This dissertation explores resistance factors toward Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) that can be observed in French companies, more precisely in relation with the micro interactions between managers and lawyers as they respond to business disputes. It consists of three academic papers that feature new theory developments, transposition of agency theory in professional services, and two supporting empirical studies. The first one unveils the diverse and dynamic nature of manager-lawyer interaction schemes and offers potential organizational levers to promote efficient dispute resolution practices. The second relates manager individual behavior in disputes, especially in relationship to lawyers, with the successful use of ADR. As a whole, this thesis places at the forefront the notion of coproduction and invites to focus on client behavior in business dispute resolution. It suggests that, as ADR lies at the borders of the French lawyers’ sphere of competency, efficient dispute resolution may require adaptation on the clients’ side, as well as organizational redesign. These studies aim to offer new insights for conflict management theory and reflections for the further promotion of efficient resolution of disputes in France
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Traesch, Bruno. "Online dispute resolution : le règlement en ligne des différends." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010301.
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L'hypothèse de l'existence de quatre changements d'échelle (spatiale, temporelle, des coûts et dans le traitement de l'information) en ODR (Online Dispute Resolution) s'inspire de la thèse principale du professeur canadien Marshall Mc Luhan selon laquelle, "le message d'un médium ou d'une technologie, c'est le changement d'échelle, de rythme ou de modèle qu'il provoque dans les affaires humaines". On constate en pratique, une transnationalité renforcée, caractérisée par une nouvelle mobilité internationale, qu'illustre par exemple la délocalisation de certaines procédures extrajudiciaires nationales auprès de centres de médiation et d'arbitrage situés à l'étranger. On relève également la nouvelle célérité de certaines procédures rythmées par le temps électronique des communications. Par ailleurs, les technologies de l'information ont débouché dans certains secteurs sur une massification du nombre de différends et sur la création de centres ODR à grande échelle à même de résoudre ces nombreux différends, notamment grâce à l'apparition de l'automatisation informatique dans le règlement des différends. Les effets des quatre changements d'échelle principaux se manifestent aussi bien sur le plan des principes, que sur celui des règles en ODR, ce qui démontre que ces changements d'échelle sont la caractéristique des procédures en ligne. Les ODR sont des ADR qui ont opéré les quatre changements d'échelle principaux des technologies de l'information. L'étude des ODR est ainsi un exercice d'interdisciplinarité et d'approche comparative et culturelle transnationale.
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Lekkas, Zissis. "Disputes in the Digital era : the evolution of dispute resolution and the model ODR system." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10017/document.
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Le sujet de la thèse est la résolution en ligne des litiges (ODR) et l'objectif de la thèse est de proposer un modèle de système ODR basé sur l'expérience du mouvement de résolution des différends. ODR n’est pas un phénomène isolé de ces derniers temps, mais en raison de l'évolution des conflits et la résolution des différends. Initialement, les différends survenus entre les parties à la proximité géographique et pour laquelle les tribunaux traditionnels sont le principal moyen de résolution. Cependant, comme les gens ont commencé à voyager de plus grandes distances et de communiquer de loin, les conflits ont évolué comme ils ont augmenté en nombre, sont devenus frontière plus complexe et de plus en plus transversale. Résolution des différends évolués en règlement des différends parallèle et alternatif (ADR) a été utilisée. Cependant, les conflits ont évolué une fois de plus quand le monde est entré dans l'ère numérique. Non seulement les conflits sont devenus encore plus transfrontalier, mais de nouveaux conflits sont apparus qui proviennent exclusivement dans le cyberespace. Afin de satisfaire aux exigences de l'ère numérique, la résolution des différends fit sortir le concept de l'ODR. ODR est née de la combinaison de l'ADR et de la technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC) de l'ère numérique. D'autres moyens de règlement des différends ont été transférés dans le monde virtuel et ont donné naissance à la résolution des litiges en ligne. ADR et ODR sont examinés largement, et l'examen comprend leurs concepts, leur origine, les principales formes de négociation, de médiation et d'arbitrage et leurs équivalents en ligne, ainsi que leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients. La thèse illustre l'évolution des conflits et la résolution des différends de l'ère analogique, lorsque la résolution des différends était face à face, à l'ère du numérique, lorsque les différends sont réglés dans le cyberespace. Il démontre que l'ODR est une nécessité de l'ère numérique, mais aussi qu'il a le potentiel pour être un moyen révolutionnaire, efficace et réussi à résoudre les différends; d'une manière qui sera l'avenir de la résolution des différends. Sur la base de l'expérience accumulée par l'examen de l'évolution de la résolution des différends et sur ? Lla base des conclusions tirées, la thèse formule une proposition pour le système ODR. La thèse décrit le système ODR, de son processus en trois étapes et la nécessité de l'arbitrage en ligne, sur le réseau ODR, la régulation du système ODR, l'architecture technologique des fournisseurs ODR, leur financement, ainsi que les mesures nécessaires de la sensibilisation et la confiance afin que ODR remplit son plein potentiel<br>The subject of the thesis is Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) and the aim of the thesis is to propose a model ODR system based on the experience of the dispute resolution movement. ODR is not an isolated phenomenon of recent times but a result of the evolution of disputes and dispute resolution. Initially, disputes occurred between parties with geographical proximity and for which traditional courts were the principal way of resolution. However, as people started to travel further distances and communicate from afar, disputes evolved as they increased in number, became more complex and increasingly cross border. Dispute resolution evolved in parallel and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) was employed. However, disputes evolved once more when the world entered into the digital era. Not only disputes became yet again increasingly cross-border, but new disputes appeared that arose solely in cyberspace. In order to satisfy the requirements of the digital era, dispute resolution brought forth the concept of ODR. ODR arose from the combination of ADR and the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) of the digital era. Alternative means of dispute resolution were transferred to the virtual world and gave birth to Online Dispute Resolution. ADR and ODR are examined extensively, and the examination includes their concepts, their origin, the main forms of negotiation, mediation and arbitration and their online equivalents, as well as their advantages and drawbacks.The thesis illustrates the evolution of disputes and dispute resolution from the “analog” era, when dispute resolution was face to face, to the “digital” era, when disputes are resolved in cyberspace. It demonstrates that ODR is a necessity of the digital era but also that it has the potential to be a revolutionary, effective and successful way to resolve disputes; a way that will be the future of dispute resolution. Based on the experience accumulated by examining the evolution of dispute resolution and based on the conclusions drawn, the thesis formulates a proposal for the ODR system. The thesis describes the ODR system, from its three step process and the necessity of online arbitration, to the ODR network, the regulation of the ODR system, the technological architecture of ODR providers, their funding, as well as the necessary steps of creating awareness and trust so that ODR fulfils its fullest potential
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Balke, Ellen Louise. "A process model for dispute resolution." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287862.
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Hoffmann, Maximilian Friedrich Richard. "The US Chapter 9 procedure: a plea for a useful model for solving excessive indebtedness of municipalities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16660.
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Includes bibliographical references<br>This work is dedicated in the first instance to the necessity of insolvency proceedings for municipalities as territorial entities. Therefore, the current debate on insolvency proceedings for states is presented briefly in an introductory overview to introduce the debate that insolvency proceedings for territorial entities has reached all levels of government worldwide. This is followed by examples of historical experience with insolvency scenarios of states and local authorities to show that insolvency scenarios at all levels of government are part of reality, and that a procedural handling is possible, but also necessary. Based on this, the US-Chapter 9 procedure, perhaps the most well-known legal remedy for insolvent cities, and the most globally developed proceeding for municipal insolvencies, is taken closer into view. In the first step, the principles and mechanisms are pointed out. This is followed by a semantic preamble regarding the development of insolvency law and its public perception, a short discussion of the experience with the Chapter 9 process and last, but not least, a presentation of the key advantages of Chapter 9 proceedings. The goal is to convey that the Chapter 9 proceeding may serve as a useful tool and model for other countries to solve excessive indebtness of municipalities. As a result, in particular, the abstract possibilities and objectives of the procedure are considered.
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Overton, Crandell Cullen. "Selecting a model for dispute resolution in special duty areas." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62032.pdf.
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孫子恒 and Chee-hang Henry Suen. "A selection model of dispute resolution systems for construction professionals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251717.
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Suen, Chee-hang Henry. "A selection model of dispute resolution systems for construction professionals /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950034.
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Chan, Wai-kwok Justus. "Is arbitration the most suitable means for solving disputes in the construction industry? dispute resolution model before arbitration /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843065a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>"Dissertation for the degree of Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution (MAArbDR) submitted to School of Law, City University of Hong Kong" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Papiri, Foteini. "Cross-border intellectual property disuputes arising online : towards a new dispute resolution model?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446381.
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Omale, Don John Otene. "Restorative justice as an alternative dispute resolution model : opinions of victims of crime and criminal justice professionals in Nigeria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/2411.
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This is an original non-experimental research conducted in four Geo-Political Zones in Nigeria (West Africa). It surveys opinions of victims of crime and conflicts, and criminal justice professionals with regard to exploring restorative justice as an Alternative Dispute Resolution Model in the country. The findings of this study are relatively in line with other cross-national research and evaluations of restorative justice, which consistently demonstrate that victims of crime are better off after participating in restorative justice programmes compared to the court proceedings (see Strang et al, 2006 for instance). The ‘Afrocentric’ viewpoints contained in the findings are imperative to international practitioners and scholars interested in Peace and Dispute Resolutions in Africa.
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Obeidi, Amer. "Emotion, Perception and Strategy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2828.
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Theoretical procedures are developed to account for the effect of emotion and perception in strategic conflict. The <em>possibility principle</em> facilitates modeling the effects of emotions on future scenarios contemplated by decision makers; <em>perceptual graph models</em> and a <em>graph model system</em> permit the decision makers (DMs) to experience and view the conflict independently; and <em>perceptual stability analysis</em>, which is based on individual- and meta-stability analysis techniques, is employed in analyzing graph model systems when the DMs have inconsistent perceptions. These developments improve the methodology of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution by reconciling emotion, perception, and strategy to make predictions consistent with the actual unfolding of events. <br /><br /> Current research in neuroscience suggests that emotions are a necessary component of cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and reasoning. The somatic marker hypothesis, for example, holds that feelings are necessary to reasoning, especially during social interactions (Damasio, 1994, 2003). Somatic markers are memories of past emotions: we use them to predict future outcomes. To incorporate the effect of emotion in conflict, the underlying principle of Damasio?s hypothesis is used in developing the possibility principle, which significantly expands the paradigm of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution of Fang, Hipel, and Kilgour (1993). <br /><br /> State identification is a crucial step in determining future scenarios for DMs. The possibility principle is integrated into the modeling stage of the Graph Model by refining the method of determining feasible states. The possibility principle enables analysts and DMs to include emotion in a conflict model, without sacrificing the parsimonious design of the Graph Model methodology, by focusing attention on two subsets of the set of feasible states: <em>hidden</em> and <em>potential</em> states. Hidden states are logically valid, feasible states that are invisible because of the presence of negative emotions such as anger and fear; potential states are logically valid, feasible states that are invisible because of missing positive emotions. Dissipating negative emotions will make the hidden states visible, while expressing the appropriate positive emotions will make the potential states visible. The possibility principle has been applied to a number of real world conflicts. In all cases, eliminating logically valid states not envisioned by any DM simplifies a conflict model substantially, expedites the analysis, and makes it an intuitive and a realistic description of the DMs' conceptualizations of the conflict. <br /><br /> A fundamental principle of the Graph Model methodology is that all DMs' directed graphs must have the same set of feasible states, which are integrated into a <em>standard</em> graph model. The possibility principle may modify the set of feasible states perceived by each DM according to his or her emotion, making it impossible to construct a single standard graph model. When logically valid states are no longer achievable for one or more DMs due to emotions, the apprehension of conflict becomes inconsistent, and resolution may become difficult to predict. Therefore, reconciling emotion and strategy requires that different apprehensions of the underlying decision problem be permitted, which can be accomplished using a perceptual graph model for each DM. A perceptual graph model inherits its primitive ingredients from a standard graph model, but reflects a DM's emotion and perception with no assumption of complete knowledge of other DMs' perceptions. <br /><br /> Each DM's perceptual graph model constitutes a complete standard graph model. Hence, conclusions drawn from a perceptual graph model provide a limited view of equilibria and predicted resolutions. A graph model system, which consists of a list of DMs' perceptual graph models, is defined to reconcile perceptions while facilitating conclusions that reflect each DM's viewpoint. However, since a DM may or may not be aware that other graph models differ from his or her own, different variants of graph model systems are required to describe conflicts. Each variant of graph model system corresponds to a configuration of awareness, which is a set of ordered combinations of DMs' viewpoints. <br /><br /> Perceptual stability analysis is a new procedure that applies to graph model systems. Its objective is to help an <em>outside</em> analyst predict possible resolutions, and gauge the robustness and sustainability of these predictions. Perceptual stability analysis takes a two-phase approach. In Phase 1, the stability of each state in each perceptual graph model is assessed from the point of view of the owner of the model, for each DM in the model, using standard or perceptual solution concepts, depending on the owner's awareness of others' perceptions. (In this research, only perceptual solution concepts for the 2-decision maker case are developed. ) In Phase 2, meta-stability analysis is employed to consolidate the stability assessments of a state in all perceptual graph models and across all variants of awareness. Distinctive modes of equilibria are defined, which reflect incompatibilities in DMs' perceptions and viewpoints but nonetheless provide important insights into possible resolutions of conflict. <br /><br /> The possibility principle and perceptual stability analysis are integrative techniques that can be used as a basis for empathetically studying the interaction of emotion and reasoning in the context of strategic conflict. In general, these new techniques expand current modeling and analysis capabilities, thereby facilitating realistic, descriptive models without exacting too great a cost in modeling complexity. In particular, these two theoretical advances enhance the applicability of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to real-world disputes by integrating emotion and perception, common ingredients in almost all conflicts. <br /><br /> To demonstrate that the new developments are practical, two illustrative applications to real-world conflicts are presented: the US-North Korea conflict and the confrontation between Russia and Chechen Rebels. In both cases, the analysis yields new strategic insights and improved advice.
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El, Shakankiry Ahmed. "Le règlement des litiges du commerce international par l'arbitrage électronique : une approche sur le droit de l'économie numérique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10020.
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L'environnement numérique et les échanges électroniques accélèrent et participent à la mondialisation et à la globalisation de l'économie, et par là multiplient la dimension internationale dans les litiges, tout en générant sans cesse de nouveaux problèmes juridiques. Des modes électroniques de règlement des litiges apparaissent afin de faire face à ce nouveau monde dont l'arbitrage électronique. Ce moyen de règlement, même s'il est techniquement praticable, juridiquement soulève nombre de questions : d'une part, l'arbitrage classique exige de nombreuses conditions de forme et de fond que l'arbitrage électronique par sa nature même ne peut totalement satisfaire ; d'autre part, la procédure arbitrale totalement dématérialisée présente des difficultés biens distinctes. Afin de surmonter ces difficultés, il faut présenter les textes juridiques régissant les procédures arbitrales traditionnelles et les confronter aux procédures arbitrales électroniques. De cette confrontation se dégageront les particularités de l'arbitrage électronique comme mode alternatif de règlement des litiges du commerce international en général, et électronique en particulier<br>The digital environment and electronic exchanges contribute and accelerate globalization, and thus multiplies the international dimension in litigation, while constantly generating new legal problems. Electronic arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution. Even if it is technically feasible, it raises many legal issues. On the one hand, the classic arbitration requires many forms conditions that the electronic arbitration cannot totally satisfy. On the other hand, the fully dematerialized arbitration presents distinct properties.To overcome these difficulties, we should present the legal texts governing the classic arbitration and compare it with the electronic arbitration procedures. This allows us to identify the features of electronic arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution of the international commercial disputes and especially electronics
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Manla, Ahmad Jassem. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges administratifs en droit français et en droit syrien." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0226.
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Longtemps ignorés par la doctrine ainsi que par le droit positif, les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges (MARL) suscitent, ces dernières années, un intérêt particulier en droit administratif français ainsi qu’en droit administratif syrien. De façon commode, ces modes alternatifs peuvent désigner un ensemble de procédés ayant pour objectif de mettre fin aux litiges administratifs sans passer par un procès administratif ou judiciaire. Pêle-mêle, se trouvent ainsi regroupés le recours administratif, l’arbitrage, la médiation, la conciliation et la transaction. C’est à l’étude de leur place restreinte dans le règlement des litiges administratifs, en France comme en Syrie, et des perspectives de leur développement souhaitable en droits administratifs français et syrien que la présente étude est consacrée. Il s’agit d’une étude comparée entre le système français et le système syrien<br>Having been ignored, for a long time, by the doctrine as well as by the positive law, alternative means of dispute resolution (ADR) have recently aroused a particular interest in both French and Syrian administrative laws. Conveniently, theses alternative modes would designate a set of processes with the objective of putting an end to the administrative disputes without going through an administrative or judicial process. The administrative recourse, arbitration, mediation, conciliation and transaction have all been haphazardly found out and grouped together. It is the study of their restrained place in the resolution of the administrative disputes in France and in Syria, as well as the study of the perspectives of their desired development in French and Syrian administrative laws that the present study is devoted to. In this sense, this is a comparative study between the French system and the Syrian system
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Ko, Chun Wa Johnason. ""Is adoption of Public Private Partnership (PPP) model in infrastructure contract an effective form of contract to minimize disputes?"." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21844197a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>"Master of Art in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW6409 dissertation" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Majidi, Naz E. (Naz Emilie) 1979. "Evaluation framework of construction alternative dispute resolution methods through an integrated model of real options, probabilistic analysis and system dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85384.
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Khadka, Narayan B. "Tharu Barghar-Mukhiya Indigenous Model: A Case Study of Tharu Community of Nepal." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/47.
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This research explores the indigenous conflict resolution processes practiced by the Tharu community living in Nepal’s Bara, Dang and Bardiya districts, the role of Tharu traditions and customs, and the function of the Barghar-Mukhiya. Due to geographic and monetary challenges experienced by the Tharu accessing Nepal’s formal justice system, they continue to serve as a viable and vibrant vehicle for resolving minor and major conflicts at the community level and form the basis of researcher’s Barghar-Mukhiya model. Shaped by Tharu collectivist culture and traditions, it supports the social fabric of the community. Utilizing qualitative case study methodology, this research assesses important aspects of the Barghar-Mukhiya model, processes and impact. Primary data sources include individual and focus group interviews, and researcher observations; and, secondary sources include document collections and archival material. Research findings explore six emergent themes: Rituals/Festivals, Inclusion/Dialogue, Identity/Security, Structure/Barghar-Mukhiya, Process/Reconciliation Processes, and Participation/Acceptance. This model is assessed for strengths and challenges. Where it is practiced, it continues to help maintain community harmony and peace. The model’s core of restorative practices, forgiveness, reconciliation, consensus-based decision-making, and use of dialogue circles is instrumental in transforming conflicts. This research contributes to the field of peace and conflict studies, providing analysis of an indigenous model that strives to reach a balance between traditional beliefs and the modern judicial system.
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Zoubir-Afifi, Jamila. "Les modes amiables de règlement des différends inter-entreprises : une autre justice ou la justice autrement ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1036.
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Inscrits dans le contexte actuel de mondialisation, le développement et la promotion remarqués des modes amiables de règlement des différends (MARD) témoignent d’une nouvelle appréhension de la production normative où le justiciable est placé au cœur du droit, l’entente se substitue à l’autorité, la discussion et le dialogue prévalent. Tandis que le temps économique ne semble plus cadrer avec le temps judiciaire dans ce contexte concurrentiel qui exige des réactions rapides, les MARD répondent à une demande concrète des entreprises. Placées au centre de ce processus vivant et complexe, les entreprises adaptent leur stratégie de gestion des conflits en faisant appel à des moyens qui servent le mieux leurs intérêts. La prévention des risques est une priorité, la gestion de l’aléa, un défi quotidien et l’adaptation au contexte évolutif à l’espace et au temps, la marque de l’efficience des instruments normatifs adoptés. Les MARD laissent ainsi entrevoir la résurgence de la question de la légitimité du droit et de la justice étatique. On a qualifié ce phénomène de justice douce mais s’agit-il d’une forme de justice fut-elle alternative ? La réponse à cette question dépend de la compréhension globale que nous avons de ce phénomène. Cette réflexion se propose ainsi de le définir bien plus que comme la seule mise en œuvre de modes consensuels de traitement des différends, mais, véritablement comme l’expression d’un ordre juridique en développement. Approuvé par ses principaux usagers, les MARD deviennent un outil efficace de justice équitable. La notion de justice est alors envisagée, non pas dans son sens organique, mais substantiel, la justice pouvant être aussi consensuelle<br>As part of the current context of globalisation, the development and promotion of the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) clearly show a new approach in the production of norms, whereby the litigant is positioned at the very heart of the rule of law, and where mutual understanding replaces authority, and discussion and dialogue prevail. While economic time no longer correlates with judicial time in the competitive framework, which by its very nature demands rapid reactions, the ADR process meets concrete corporate needs. At the core of this active and complex process of globalisation, corporations adapt their conflict management strategies through ways which best serve their interests. Risk prevention is a priority, risk management a daily challenge and the adaptation to the evolving context, in space and time, the sign of efficiency of the normative tools used. Thus, ADR and its involvement in the globalisation process, raises anew the issue of the legitimacy of law and court justice. This phenomenon has been qualified as negotiated or consensual justice, but is it at its core a form of justice, even an alternative one? The answer to this question mainly depends on the overall understanding of the ADR phenomenon. That is why this thesis proposes to view it as more than just a simple implementation of a consensual dispute resolution tool as it is often depicted, but more genuinely as the expression of a developing legal order. Approved by its main users, the ADR process has become an instrument of fair and effective justice and has captured the concept of justice in its essence rather than in its structure
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Ben, Rehouma Inès. "Le particularisme de la médiation dans les services publics." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111018.
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La sphère publique n’est pas restée extérieure aux changements culturels profonds et qui constitue le recours aux modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits qui privilégient le dialogue et le sens du compromis. Depuis de nombreuses années, les entreprises publiques et plus généralement les services publics ont instauré des médiateurs, afin d’améliorer la relation aux usagers (La Poste, RATP, SNCF, ministère de l’Economie, Education nationale, etc.). Mais cette réforme est-elle emblématique d’un changement culturel profond au sein même de l’Etat ? Le développement du champ de la médiation sociale au niveau des rapports entre citoyens et services publics est-il au légendaire attachement de la France à la notion de service public ? A la présence très prégnante de ces services sur le territoire ? Aux très fortes attentes du public à leurs égards ? L’essor considérable de ces pratiques médiatrices, n’exprimerait-il pas, au fond, une métamorphose de l’action publique, qui cherche une nouvelle manière de gouverner la cité et de fabriquer de la cohésion sociale ?La médiation, tant dans le secteur privé que publique, peut-elle considérer comme indispensable à l’évolution de la société ? Constitue-t-elle une réponse nécessaire au regard de l’évolution des rapports, dans public entre le collectif et l’individu, dans le secteur économique entre les entreprises et le client ? Comment agit-elle, à quelle place, quelles peuvent être ses limites et ses pouvoirs ?<br>The public sphere has not remained closed to these deep, cultural changes which make up the recourse to alternative models of conflict management privileging dialogue and a feel for compromise. For many years, public firms and more generally the ‘services publics’ have employed mediators with a view to improving user-relations (La Poste, the RATP, the SNCF, the ministries of Economy, of Education, etc.). However, is this trend meaningful in terms of what would be a deep, cultural change within the State itself?Is such an evolution of the ‘champ’ of social mediation as to relations between citizens and ‘services publics’ in tune with the legendary attachment in France to the notion of the ‘service public à la française’; to the pregnant presence of these ‘services’ throughout the territory ? to the very high expectations on the part of the public as to these services ? Would the considerable spread of the mediating practices not, fundamentally, reflect a metamorphosis of public action itself? Is the latter in search of a new way to govern the City and to produce social cohesion?In both the private and public sectors, can mediation be considered as indispensable to the evolution of society? Does it make up a necessary response with regard to the evolution of relations between the collective and the individual in the public sphere, and between the firms and the customers in the economic sphere? How does mediation operate, in what dynamic, what can be its limits and its potency?
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Webb, Paul F. "Alternate dispute resolution." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25663.
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In an effort to save taxpayer dollars and ease an overburdened
administrative and judicial court system, this report presents evidence to encourage
the use of alternate dispute resolution (ADR) in construction contracting within the
Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Information is presented detailing the
primary factors that contribute to this expensive and overburdened system,
including: costs associated with litigation, contractual document formation,
experience level ofjunior project managers, and adversarial relationships that tend
to develop between government agencies and construction contractors.
Research on court cases and associated cost data was limited by
geographical region, specifically, the Southern Division, Naval Facilities
Engineering Command, Charleston, South Carolina. Also included is related
information from the Department of Defense administrative hearing agency, the
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals.
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Hörnle, Julia. "Internet dispute resolution." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1457.
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This thesis develops a model for the fair resolution of internet disputes. The internet has the potential to lead to international~ cross-border disputes being a powerful communications medium, that allows data exchanges in various media formats between a wide range of different users situated in distant locations. It explores the meaning of fairness for the resolution of such disputes. This thesis refers to the existing literature examining the private international law issues arising from cross-border interactions and transactions on the internet which make litigation and enforcement more costly and lengthy. For many disputes arising on the internet, alternative ways of resolving such disputes have to be found. This thesis contains a detailed exploration of the use of mediation and arbitration, using online technology. obviating the need for the parties and lawyers to meet face-to-face and leading to more efficient information processing, and thereby reducing cost and delay in dispute resolution. Binding dispute resolution and enforceability in cross-border cases are important for internet disputes and can be provided by online arbitration. Therefore, this thesis proceeds to examines in great detail the legal issues surrounding online arbitration. It looks at questions of due process in arbitration and covers the legal issues surrounding business-to-consumer arbitration comparing the European approach to that in the us. The thesis contains a detailed analysis of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Procedure (UDRP) and considers to what extent the dispute resolution model established by the UDRP could or should sene as a model for other types of internet disputes. The conclusion from this examination of all aspects of internet dispute resolution is a model of dispute resolution. which encourages the use of online arbitration for internet disputes but, where there exists a substantial power imbalance between the disputants (such as the traditional business-to-consumer paradigm), subjects traditional commercial arbitration to more stringent due process standards for disputes.
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Knowles, Kelvin David. "A conflict theory analysis of the 2007 South African public sector strike using a conflict model." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015033.
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Conflict is an inherent part of any service relationship, and is one of the important methods of effective organisational functioning. Depending on its management, it has both constructive and negative outcomes. The most extreme outcome of conflict in an industrial relationship is a strike. The South African Public Service strike of 2007 was the most protracted and united strike in the history of South Africa. In order to provide an insight into this strike, this treatise explores the following key aspects: • To present a short background of collective bargaining in the public sector through time. • To provide a short background to the public sector strike in 2007. • To develop a conflict model for analytic purposes based on a literature review and to use the conflict model to analyse the strike. A study of the strike was deemed essential because of its current nature and it being charged with political undertones. Moreover, conflict in the employment relationship has had an important influence on theories of industrial relations. The South African labour relations system is pluralist in nature, with a focus on the formal institutions of industrial relations. The focus should be on the motives and actions of parties in the employment relationship. Hence, one should look beyond conventional explanations in understanding conflict.
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Norman, Allen G. "Alternative dispute resolution and public policy conflict: Preemptive dispute resolution negotiated rulemaking." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/928.
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Rubino, F. Joseph (Francis Joseph). "Dispute resolution in construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44670.
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Deirmendjian, Élisabeth. "La stratégie d'anticipation procédurale en matière civile." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0068/document.
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La stratégie d’anticipation procédurale en matière civile permet d’effectuer un choix approprié entre les différentes règles existantes en fonction du but poursuivi. L’anticipation du procès et la stratégie au cœur de l’action dessinent en creux le champ de la liberté individuelle laissée au justiciable dans le procès civil. En anticipant la survenance du litige ou en envisageant les modalités de résolution de ce dernier, la technique contractuelle fait de l’évitement du recours juridictionnel une stratégie d’anticipation. Une fois le litige né, le choix d’agir en justice suppose l’évaluation des chances de succès de l’action par rapport au résultat escompté. Seront parfois préférés les modes amiables de règlement des différends, voire le recours à un juge privé en la personne de l’arbitre. Mais si l’action est diligentée, le justiciable devra nécessairement soulever un certain nombre de questions nécessaires à l’élaboration de la stratégie qu’il retiendra pour son affaire. Pour réduire l’aléa judiciaire, plusieurs paramètres doivent être pris en compte tels que l’évolution du droit, de la jurisprudence, la réaction de l’adversaire ainsi que l’office du juge. L’efficacité de la stratégie d’anticipation varie selon le degré de prévisibilité de ces différents éléments qui forment l’objet de cette étude<br>The civil procedural assessment strategy allows for a proper choice between the various existing rules depending on the aim. The assessment of the trial and the strategy at the heart of the lawsuit sets aside the scope of individual liberty that the defendant is entitled to during the civil trial. During the assessment of the origin of the dispute or the consideration of the methods for resolving it, the contractual technique is a matter of avoiding judicial recourse as part of an assessment strategy. Once the litigation has been entered into, the choice of suing involves assessing the chance of success of the lawsuit compared to the expected result. Sometimes what is preferred is alternative dispute resolution methods, or even recourse to a private judge (arbitrator). But if a lawsuit is entered into, it will be necessary to provide the defendant with answers to a certain number of questions that are necessary for developing the strategy that he will use throughout the case. In order to reduce legal risk, several parameters must be taken into account, such as the current state of legislation, jurisprudence, and opponents’ responses as well as those of the Office of Justice. The effectiveness of the assessment strategy will vary depending on the degree of predictability of the different elements which form the subject of this study
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Fledeus, Anixon. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) et la garantie des droits des parties en matière commerciale : étude comparée des droits français, haïtien et OHADA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCF010.
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Les modes amiables et alternatifs de règlement des différends (MARD) se sont imposés progressivement comme des moyens rapides et efficaces, spécialement en matière commerciale, pour la résolution des litiges tant nationaux qu'internationaux, en marge du recours à la justice étatique, pour répondre aux attentes des parties. La thèse se propose de démontrer que ces MARD offrent des garanties indéniables aux parties, des garanties qu’elles ne trouvent pas toujours au sein de la justice contentieuse. Du fait des opportunités qu’offrent ces modes amiables et alternatifs, ils peuvent être vus comme un mode offrant une justice sûre et efficace pour résoudre des différends contractuels en matière commerciale. Les parties y trouvent des solutions appropriées et bénéfiques, en profitant notamment, du point de vue de la procédure, de la confidentialité, de la rapidité, de la souplesse, de l'indépendance, de l'impartialité et, sur le fond, en participant activement à un mode de règlement fondé sur le consentement.En étudiant le droit français, le droit haïtien et le droit OHADA, cette thèse propose de montrer en quoi, les modes amiables, que sont principalement la conciliation et la médiation, sont des instruments de sécurité garantissant les droits des parties en matière commerciale, puis, en quoi l’arbitrage est aussi un instrument de garantie et de protection des droits des parties en matière de litiges commerciaux<br>Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) have gradually established themselves as rapid and effective means, specially in commercial matters, for the resolution of both national and international disputes, outside of recours to state justice, to respond to the expressions of the parties. The thesis aims to demonstrate that these ADR offer undeniable guarentees to the parties, guarentees that they do not always find with contentious justice. Due find to opportunities offred by these amicalble and alternative methods, they can be seen as a methode offreind safe and affective justice for resolving contractual dispute in commercial matters. The parties find appropriate and beneficial disputes in commercial matters. The partie find appropriate and benecial solutions, taking avantage in particular, from a procedural point of view, of confidentiality, speed, flexibility, idependance, impartiality and, in substance, in actively participating in a consent-based payment methods. By studying French law, Haitian law and OHADA law, this thesis proposes to show how amicable methods, whisch are mainly conciliation and mediation are security instruments granrandueeing the rights of the parties in commercial matters, then, in whish arbitration is also an instrument for guaranteeing and protecting the rights of the partie in matters of commercial disputes
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Orchard, Alfred J. "Natural justice and external dispute resolution: The approach of ASIC approved external dispute resolution schemes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101575/1/Alfred_Orchard_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a study of the natural justice obligations that apply to dispute resolution schemes in the financial services sector. It specifies the particular obligations that apply and how the schemes strive to meet those standards. It identifies four areas in which the current schemes could better and more efficiently satisfy the obligations. The thesis concludes with specific recommendations that, if adopted, will assist the schemes provide a fair, efficient and cost effective form of dispute resolution for consumers.
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Partida, Sebastian. "La convention d'arbitrage dans le droit des nouvelles puissances économiques (Chine, Inde, Brésil, Mexique)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020049.
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Les profondes mutations du commerce international, avec en particulier l'émergence de nouvelles puissances économiques et l’accélération de la révolution numérique, nous invitent à revoir les distinctions traditionnelles entre les différents droits de l'arbitrage. Si l'on peut observer un mouvement d'uniformisation des droits dans les pays occidentaux, en particulier avec une convergence des droits de Common Law et des droits continentaux, qu'en est-il dans les pays qualifiés hier d’ « émergents »? Assiste-t-on à ce même phénomène ? Des particularismes ressortent-ils? L'objet de cette thèse sera d'examiner les spécificités de quatre grands pays - la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil et le Mexique - dont le poids démographique et économique ne cesse de croître dans les échanges internationaux. Dans une démarche comparative, nous nous intéresserons spécifiquement à la convention d'arbitrage, clé de voûte du droit de l’arbitrage, afin d’essayer de comprendre la philosophie et le traitement réservé à ce mode de règlement des différends dans chacun des ces pays. Cela nous conduira à nous interroger sur la place actuelle du droit français de l’arbitrage, longtemps considéré comme avant-gardiste, et sur son influence dans les années à venir<br>The profound changes in international trade, particularly in light of the emergence of new economic powers and the acceleration of the Digital Revolution, lead us to revisit the traditional distinctions between the different national arbitration laws. While a movement of standardization of national laws has been observed in Western countries, particularly with a tendency of convergence between Common Law and Civil Law jurisdictions, what about the countries that were qualified yesterday as "emerging"? Is the same phenomenon true for the them and Do particularisms emerge? The purpose of this thesis will be to examine the specificities of four major countries - China, India, Brazil and Mexico - whose demographic and economic weight is growing in international trade day by day. Through a comparative approach, we will focus specifically on the arbitration agreement, being the keystone of arbitration law, in order to try to understand the philosophy and treatment reserved to this dispute resolution method in each of these countries. This will inevitably lead to question the current place of French law, long considered as avant-garde, and its influence in the years to come
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Jeremic, Zorica. "Dispute resolution in international civil aviation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29829.pdf.
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Hammond, Anne-Marie G. "The effectiveness of online dispute resolution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62018.pdf.
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Jeremic, Zorica. "Dispute resolution in international civil aviation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27454.
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The aviation industry, by its very existence, has a tremendous impact on the global economy. As an integration of economic interests and international prestige, aviation triggers a large number of disputes and disagreements. This dissertation examines the regulatory aspects of international air transport disputes.<br>Chapter one acknowledges the existence and nature of international aviation disputes in its scope and, more importantly, recognizes some of the many causes of conflicts arising from such disputes.<br>The second chapter reviews chronologically dispute resolution attempts and analyses their effectiveness. Further, it examines the international bodies, governing treaties, and the available machinery for the resolution of aviation disputes.<br>The third chapter distinguishes the most influential multilateral and bilateral treaties in the field of aeronautics and presents the solutions for settlement of disputes promoted by ICAO.<br>Chapter four includes the variety of procedures found in international agreements on aviation and the examination of political, legal and economic means as the mechanisms for the settlement of disputes.<br>Chapter five establishes the recent proposals for the improvement of the current procedures governing the settlement of aviation disputes. Hence, it includes an analysis of the legislative measures of the European Union, the regulations of the World Trade Organization and the norms of North American Free Trade Agreement; all in view of their competence in resolving air transport conflicts.<br>The conclusion is a summary of the structure and the function of the existing aeronautical dispute settlement system and its future developments.
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McCone, D. Sean. "Dispute resolution strategies for construction projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8309.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.<br>Page 168 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-167).<br>One of the most important, but often overlooked steps in developing a project is a plan to prevent and handle conflict, a Conflict Management Plan. Leading construction experts have identified Productivity, Innovation, Cost Control, Safety, and Litigation Expenses as critical areas in need of improvement in the construction industry of this next century. In the United States alone, $60 billion are spent every year on lawsuits, of which the construction industry accounts for nearly $5 billion. Various dispute avoidance and resolutions techniques are presented that aim to prevent disputes before they arise and minimize the impacts if they do. These techniques are the tools then used in the Conflict Management Plan. A Conflict Mitigation Plan looks at each project individually to establish a set of criteria for controlling conflicts. It assesses how much conflict you will encounter, how severe each conflict might be, then presents cost effective ways to avoid conflict and curb these disputes. Similar to the contract documents it should be complete, unbiased, understood, and accepted by all the parties involved. All of the project participants such as the owners, the owner's representatives, designers, lawyers, and contractors are responsible for designing, reviewing and revising it accordingly. No one person or field should be responsible for developing this plan. Designing a conflict mitigation plan compels the owner to contemplate the conflict that might arise. This will allow the owner to allocate these risks and develop a plan to handle discrepancies. By doing this upfront and with each subsequent review, everyone involved has agreed to follow this plan, reducing the push for lengthy, costly court proceedings. To implement a Conflict Management Plan one must assess the project situation by identifying the sources of conflict that might occur, then analyze the severity and impact each of these conflicts might have. Match the conflict with a corresponding DART, to reduce or avoid the conflict. Draft the plan. Review and revise it as needed.<br>by D. Sean McCone.<br>S.M.
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Alshahrani, S. A. A. D. "Development of a dispute resolution framework to improve the efficiency of dispute resolution in Saudi construction projects." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41622/.
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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the one of the fastest growing economies in the Middle East, and the construction sector in the KSA has become the largest construction sector in the Middle East. This sector incorporates a variety of building, housing and infrastructure related projects and, over the past two decades, has witnessed an increase in the number of disputes. Such disputes impact the time, cost and quality of the work and may even cause projects to come to a halt. Resolving disputes takes a long time in Asia and Middle East, and they effect on the relationships between the parties involved. Industry reports suggests phenomenonal costs of these disputes, costing industry hugely in terms of productivity and efficiency. However, there is a clear knowledge gap in the research, in that none focuses on dispute resolution in Saudi construction projects, including the critical success factors for alternative dispute resolutions and the barriers to using alternative dispute resolutions. Thus, the main aim of this research is to improve the efficiency of dispute resolution in Saudi construction projects through the development of a dispute resolution framework. To achieve this aim, the researcher collected data through mixed, qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 academics, arbitrators and experts in Saudi construction projects. These interviews were conducted face-to-face, by telephone and through Skype. The researcher used manual coding for content analysis and later used Survey Monkey to conduct a survey and collected data through social networks and face to face. According to the collected data, the primary causes of disputes in Saudi construction projects are financial, contractual, or related to the owner, the design, the contractor, behavior; disputes may be project-related and external. It is also found that the methods used to resolve disputes in the public sector are different from those used in the private sector. The methods of dispute resolution include negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation. In the public sector, litigation is often used, but it is rarely to use negotiation. In private sector, negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation are used, and the most used method is litigation. The researcher also identified four main barriers to alternative dispute resolution in Saudi construction projects: governmental, contractual, cultural and developmental, and rehabilitation. The researcher develops a disputes resolutions framework through interviews with academics, arbitrators and experts and by using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) to evaluate the critical success factors in alternative dispute resolution, through relative ranking between the factors. This research has several limitations, included limited literature, data collection and identifying the current conditions of Saudi construction projects. There are four contributions in this research; firstly, the study explored the current methods of dispute resolution in Saudi construction projects based on qualitative data, which conducted on 15 experts, arbitrators and academics. Secondly, the study provided ranking and rating between factors based on the quantitative data, which conducted with 327, responds. Thirdly, the study provided CSF ISM model that contributed to the understanding of the relationship between critical successful factors for alternative dispute solutions in Saudi construction projects. Forth, Development of dispute resolution framework is to improve efficiency of dispute resolution in Saudi Construction Projects. Finally, made recommendations for both academic and industrial sectors KSA.
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MourÃo, Marco AntÃnio Nogueira. "CaracterÃsticas morfo-fisiolÃgicas como determinantes da capacidade de manutenÃÃo de territÃrios em machos de Macrothemis imitans (Odonata: Libellulidae)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8726.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>Em muitas espÃcies animais, os machos brigam por territÃrios os quais aumentam as
chances de cÃpulas. Os comportamentos de luta dos machos podem variar desde embates
sem contato fÃsico atà lutas com injÃrias e possÃveis mortes. Existem pelo menos trÃs
modelos propostos para explicar as regras usadas pelos machos para decidirem o vencedor
de um confronto territorial: Guerra de Atritos (GDA), Acesso Sequencial de InformaÃÃes
(ASI) e Acesso Cumulativo de InformaÃÃes (ACI). PorÃm, para sermos capazes de testar
tais modelos à necessÃrio identificar primeiro quais traÃos dos machos determinam
funcionalmente sua capacidade de luta (RHP). Para isso, usamos machos da libÃlula
Macrothemis imitans para avaliar duas hipÃteses: 1) se as brigas ocorrerem com contato
fÃsico, caracterÃsticas ligadas ao tamanho determinarÃo o RHP e 2) se os machos nÃo
exibirem contato fÃsico durante as brigas, caracterÃsticas que conferem maior resistÃncia
determinarÃo o RHP. Realizamos coletas de campo em campanhas de dois dias seguidos.
Nessas campanhas realizamos captura, marcaÃÃo, observaÃÃo comportamental e recaptura
de duas categorias de machos: os que possuÃam posse dos territÃrios (machos residentes) e
os machos que ocuparam o local apÃs a remoÃÃo experimental dos machos residentes
(machos substitutos). ApÃs a recaptura, levamos os machos residentes e substitutos para
laboratÃrio para realizar as medidas: Ãrea alar, peso fresco, massa muscular torÃcica e
quantidade de gordura. Os resultados indicaram que os machos residentes apresentaram
maior quantidade de massa muscular e possivelmente gordura do que os substitutos. Uma
vez que as brigas ocorreram com contato fÃsico, a maior quantidade de massa muscular e
gordura dos machos residentes indica que a relaÃÃo funcional entre comportamento de luta
e traÃos determinantes do RHP deve ser rejeitada. Alternativamente, Ã possÃvel que a maior
quantidade de mÃsculo proporcione maior desempenho para causar injÃrias nos rivais ou
evitar acÃmulo acelerado de danos.<br>In many animal species, males fight for the possession of territories that increase their
mating chances. The fighting behavior of males may range from conflicts without physical
contact to disputes with injuries and possible deaths. There are three models aiming to
explain the rules adopted by males to decide the winner of a contest: war of attrition
(WOA), sequential assessment model (SAM) and cumulative assessment model (ACM).
However, to be able to test these models it is necessary to identify male traits functionally
related to fighting ability (RHP). In this sense, we used males of the dragonfly
Macrothemis imitans to evaluate two hypotheses: 1) if contests occur with physical contact,
traits related to the size define RHP and 2) if disputes occur without physical contact, traits
which confer endurance define male RHP. We did field experiments during campaigns
with two consecutive days. In each campaign we captured, marked, made behavioral
observations and recaptured males that were defending a territorial site (resident males) and
males that stablished territories in this sites after the experimental removal of the resident
male (substitute males). After recapturing, we transported all males them to lab to measure
total wing area, male fresh weight, muscle mass and fat content.The results indicated that
resident males presented higher muscle mass and probably fat content than substitute
males. Since disputes occurred with physical contact, these differences in muscle mass and
fat content indicate that the functional relationship between fight behavior and traits linked
to RHP should be rejected. Alternativelly, it is possible that the higher muscle mass confers
higher ability to cause injuries or to avoid damage accrual.
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Ponsard, Anne-Laure. "La transaction administrative." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100200/document.
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This thesis offers to study “la transaction administrative” (agreement between two public agencies and a public agency and private individual in order to resolve conflict) in consideration of its legal environment: a transactional method of resolution administrative dispute can it validly grows into French law? It appears that the administrative transaction has developed where it is designated to do so. Promote this mode of dispute resolution assumed to clarify the definition and the legal regime. Here, like the transaction of private law, the administrative transaction is characterized by three elements: the existence of a dispute- under the administrative judge - an agreement and mutual concessions. Their apprehension is, however, subject to some adjustments to take account of the issues of administrative law that necessarily raise administrative disputes. This is a transaction largely inspired by the transaction of private law and slightly derogatory to common law that the Conseil d’Etat has shaped. The administrative transaction has been actually developed. However, a bigger development does not seem possible, at least in the short term, as the obstacles are significant. These are numerous, of heterogeneous nature and in some cases, hardly remediable. Neither the French legal system, nor the characteristics of the transaction allow a massive development of this dispute resolution. It is therefore likely that the administrative transaction remains in France, a secondary means of dispute resolution. But secondary does not necessarily mean minor, and if further progress is possible, the result of the administrative transaction is, essentially, very honourable<br>La présente thèse se propose d’étudier la transaction administrative à l’aune de son environnement juridique : un mode transactionnel de règlement des litiges administratifs peut-il valablement se développer en droit français ? Il apparaît alors que la transaction administrative s’est développée là où elle est désignée pour ce faire. Promouvoir ce mode de règlement des litiges supposait d’en clarifier la définition et le régime juridique. En l’occurrence, comme la transaction de droit privé, la transaction administrative est caractérisée par trois éléments : l’existence d’un litige ─ relevant du juge administratif ─, un accord de volontés et des concessions réciproques. Leur appréhension fait, en revanche, l’objet de quelques adaptations de façon à tenir compte des problématiques du droit administratif que soulèvent nécessairement les litiges administratifs. C’est donc une transaction largement inspirée de la transaction de droit privé et faiblement dérogatoire au droit commun que le Conseil d’Etat a façonnée. Depuis, la transaction administrative s’est effectivement développée. Toutefois, un plus grand développement encore ne semble pas envisageable, du moins à court terme, tant les entraves sont importantes. Celles-ci sont nombreuses, de nature hétéroclite et pour certaines, difficilement remédiables. Ni le système juridique français, ni les caractéristiques propres de la transaction ne se prêtent à un développement massif de ce mode de règlement des litiges. Il est donc probable que la transaction administrative demeure, en droit français, un mode secondaire de règlement des litiges. Mais secondaire ne signifie pas nécessairement mineur, et si des progrès sont encore envisageables, le bilan de la transaction administrative est, pour l’essentiel, très honorable
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Fonmanu, Keresi Rokomasi. "Dispute resolution for customary lands in Fiji /." Connect to thesis, 1999. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001051.
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Liu, Ouqian. "L’exécution des sentences arbitrales étrangères - étude comparative entre la France et la Chine." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020067/document.
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Le droit français a développé une politique législative et jurisprudentielle largement favorable à l’arbitrage dans tous ses aspects, notamment relativement à l’exécution d’une sentence arbitrale. La dernière réforme majeure du droit français de l’arbitrage a été adoptée en 2011. Dans le contexte de l’harmonisation mondiale du droit et de la pratique de l’arbitrage, la Convention de New York, destinée à faciliter la reconnaissance et l’exécution des sentences étrangères, a simplifié considérablement l’exécution de celles-ci. Néanmoins, l’exécution des sentences internationales est soumise à un contrôle judiciaire du tribunal étatique qui doit être en conformité avec son propre droit. Ainsi, dans la pratique, l’application du régime juridique peut largement varier d’un pays à l’autre. Une étude sur la Chine est un bon exemple dans ce contexte, puisque ses règlements d’arbitrage ont fait l’objet de réformes annuelles successives. À l’inverse des critiques concernant l’exécution des sentences étrangères sur le territoire chinois de la part des investisseurs et des auteurs étrangers, la doctrine et les rapports des chercheurs chinois se montrent plus positifs. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’offrir aux praticiens une vision claire et une image objective de la question d’exécution des sentences arbitrales en Chine. Elle est basée sur des analyses théoriques du régime juridique, des statistiques et de la pratique des tribunaux et présente l’état actuel du droit de l’arbitrage en Chine à travers une étude comparative (incluant Hong Kong et Taïwan). Dans ce vaste contexte social chinois, nous essayons de comprendre l’histoire, la pratique actuelle, les obstacles juridiques, les positions judiciaires et les perspectives de l’exécution des sentences arbitrales étrangères en Chine. Nous espérons que la prochaine réforme du droit de l’arbitrage en Chine trouvera inspiration dans la récente réforme du droit Français<br>France revealed its long-awaited new arbitration law in January 2011. France had forged a legal and judicial framework that is significantly favorable to arbitration in every respect, particularly in the field of enforcement arbitral award. In the context of harmonisation of arbitration law and practice worldwide, the central purpose of the New York Convention was to facilitate the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. It considerably simplifies the enforcement of foreign awards. Nonetheless, the enforcement of an international arbitral award always takes place through a national court operating under its own legislations. In practice, the application of this legal regime can vary significantly from one country to another. China provides a good case study on this background, its arbitration rules has gone through continuous process of reform every year. While the foreign investors and researchers have often claimed that enforcement in China is problematic, the Chinese authors and researchers present a more positive view. The aim of this research endeavours to present a unique insight and an objective picture of the enforcement of arbitral awards in China, based on a combination of theoretical analysis of legal regime, statistical information and practical insights. It explains the current arbitration law in China with a comparative approach (including Hong Kong and Taiwan). Setting Chinese arbitration in its wider social context, we try to understand the history, the contemporary practice, the legal obstacles, the judicial attitudes and the possible future trends in the field of enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. We hope that the recent French Arbitration Law would be an inspiration for the next reform of the PRC Arbitration Law
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Leung, Siu Cheong. "Building trust and confidence in online dispute resolution." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833787a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005.<br>Title from title screen (viewed on 27 Mar. 2006) "Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement of Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution." Includes bibliographical references.
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Murray, Carol Elizabeth. "Transforming environmental dispute resolution in Jasper National Park." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ39571.pdf.
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Chan, Amanda Cho Man. "Dispute resolution clauses in BIMCO standard shipping forms." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21843053a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>"Dissertation submitted as part requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution of the School of Law of the City University of Hong Kong" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Ieong, Sze-Chung Ricci. "Dispute resolution against copyright infringement through internet download?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21844173a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.<br>"Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution dissertation, City University of Hong Kong" Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 22, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Jindani, Mohamed. "The concept of dispute resolution in Islamic Law." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503608.
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Alfuraih, Saleh Ibrahim. "E-commerce protocol supporting automated online dispute resolution." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2132.
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E-commerce now constitutes a significant part of all commercial activity; however the increase in transactions is also leading to more disputes. These disputes are becoming more frequent, more technologically complicated and more difficult in terms of traceability . This thesis focuses specifically on dispute problems related to soft products, i.e. those that are intangible and therefore requiring no physical delivery. With the growing demand for these types of products, e.g. downloadable films, music, software, and prepaid calling time, the prevention of fraudulent transactions is becoming increasingly important. Reasons for the rise in the number of fraudulent transactions include merchants being unable to see the customer to verify an ID or signature and E-commerce enabling soft-products and services to be acquired via soft delivery methods: email, download or logging in. The introductory section provides a critique of current e-commerce fraud detection and prevention techniques and shows that not all are suitable for e-commerce, especially soft-products, and therefore unable to provide complete protection against fraud. The future relating to the detection and prevention of e-commerce fraud is then discussed, leading to suggestions regarding the improvement of the current state-of-the-art technique, the Address Verification Service (AVS), which is used to accommodate the introduction of soft-products. Apart from the exchange process problems, i.e. those involving money and goods, attention is also paid to other important factors such as timing and quality that are usually neglected in these detection and prevention techniques. Dispute scenarios from many different perspectives have been analysed, viz. computer science, business, legal and that of the participants themselves. From the analyses, all possible dispute cases have been formally listed using the 'Truth Table' approach. This analysis has then led to the design of a comprehensive taxonomy framework for dispute in e-commerce. The term Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), is the online technology applied to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which is resolving disputes other than via litigation in the courts. Current ODR systems and their suitability for the e-commercial world have been examined, concluding that not all are appropriate for e-commerce situations (since most still involve a human element and often make the resolution process more costly than the actual item under dispute). The proposed solution to the problem is by automating the online dispute resolution process. The total solution is described in two parts (i) an E-commerce Transaction Protocol (ETP) forming the infrastructure where the transaction will take place and be able to accommodate any new improvements in the future, and (ii) an Automated Online Dispute Resolution (AODR) system which should automatically resolve any dispute occurring within the proposed e-commerce model. In order for the AODR to resolve any dispute, a product/payment specific plug-in (add-on) has been incorporated into the system. For illustration purposes, credit cards as a payment method has been selected and the appropriate plug-in specification for soft products and credit cards created. The concept of providing every soft product with a quality certificate has also been discussed. A concluding case study of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia has been used to test the viability of both the e-commerce dispute taxonomy and the proposed model. The case study shows the suitability of using ETP with AODR in order to resolve soft-product disputes automatically. Limitations of the work and further research possibilities have then been identified.
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Devahoma-Indongo, Mirjam Nelao. "The dispute prevention and resolution systems in Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8097.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The resolution of disputes, including unfair dismissal disputes under the Labour Act 2007 is being criticised for being too complex, inefficient, protracted, expensive, and highly legalistic. This thesis would denote that the provision of proactive and expeditious dispute resolution systems helps to resolve labour disputes in the most effective and efficient manner, without necessarily having to resort to the courts. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the legal framework regulating the labour dispute system in Namibia assures the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) of its credibility, thereby creating confidence and enabling stakeholders to trust the system. Ideally, disputes should be resolved at the conciliation level, resulting in the minority of disputes being referred to arbitration or the Labour Court. The Office of the Labour Commissioner must be independent of the state, since the state is the largest employer, to ensure the stakeholders trust the system. However, it has been established that there are gaps between the legal framework relating to labour dispute resolution and the application of laws and regulations in practice, making the attainment of effective and efficient labour dispute resolution difficult. Therefore, the thesis will analyse the ADR in Namibia to finding out if the system is sufficient and appropriate for society’s need and to provide a recommendation for the system that is a quicker, equitable, and amicable way of resolving the disputes outside the courts through conciliation and arbitration.
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Larsén, Linus. "Online dispute resolution och artificiell intelligens : en överblick." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140686.
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Cheu, Yu Kok. "Dispute resolution in Hong Kong Fire Services Department." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b23454246a.pdf.
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DELLI, CARRI SERENA ANTONIA. "Alternative dispute Resolution: le ragioni dell’attuale favor conciliationis." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/363258.
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La crisi del sistema economico e finanziario ha progressivamente paralizzato il sistema giustizia il quale ha pertanto dimostrato la sua inadeguatezza nel fornire un servizio tempestivo ed efficiente. I dati ufficiali sulla giustizia civile in Italia, come in altri paesi, evidenziano infatti le difficoltà di questo sistema nel garantire ai cittadini e alle imprese la tutela dei propri diritti. Una concatenazione di cause è alla base del fenomeno: l’eccessiva durata dei processi pare essere conseguenza diretta dell’alto tasso di conflittualità, il quale, a sua volta, va di pari passo con il della vita che determina la percezione della necessità di soddisfare bisogni secondari come se fossero primari. Questo dato, inerente alla domanda di giustizia, deve essere considerato insieme a quello dell’offerta di giustizia. La società moderna e complessa non si accontenta più del processo, il quale, soprattutto nel nostro paese, non ha dato una buona prova di se, probabilmente a causa di un periodo di riforme convulse che hanno prediletto la strada della diminuzione delle garanzie piuttosto che quella dell’immissione di denaro nel sistema. Proprio dal punto di vista dell’offerta di giustizia si colloca il tema dei metodi alternativi di risoluzione delle controversie e più in generale della convenienza o meno della diffusione di una cultura conciliativa. Il modello italiano della mediazione viene analizzato per vagliarne la rispondenza al modello classico della “mediation” anglosassone e statunitense e per spiegare le ragioni della diffidenza di quanti lo considerano una gaffe frutto di impreparazione. Assieme ai dati sulla mediazione, vengono presi in considerazione i dati sull’arbitrato, quale alternativa “per eccellenza” al processo.<br>The crisis of the economic and financial system has gradually paralyzed the justice system, which has demonstrated its inadequacy in providing a timely and efficient service. Official data on civil justice in Italy, as in other countries, highlight the difficulties of this system to ensure that citizens and businesses protect their rights. A concatenation of causes is the base of the phenomenon. The excessive length of proceedings seems to be a direct result of the high level of conflicts, which, in turn, goes hand in hand with improving the quality of life that determines the perception of the need to satisfy secondary needs as if they were primary . This figure, relating to the question of justice, must be considered along with the supply of Justice. Modern and complex society no longer satisfied with the process, which, especially in our country, did not give a good account of itself, possibly because of a convulsive period of reforms that have favored the path of reduction of collateral rather than placing of money into the system. Just from the supply side of justice lies the theme of alternative methods of dispute resolution and more generally the advantages and disadvantages of the spread of a conciliatory culture. The Italian model of mediation is analyzed to evaluate his compliance to the classic Anglosaxon and American "mediation" model and to explain the reasons for the distrust of those who consider it a gaffe result of unpreparedness. Along with details on mediation, they are taken into account data on arbitration as an alternative "par excellence" to the process.
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Lahouazi, Mehdi. "Le développement des modes alternatifs de réglement des différends dans les contrats administratifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3056.
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Le développement des modes alternatifs de règlement des différends dans les contrats administratifs est une nécessité. En effet, l’encombrement des juridictions administratives, conjugué au besoin d’un règlement des différends plus consensuel et apaisé, plaide en faveur de l’émergence d’une justice alternative. Néanmoins, l’ordre public encadrant l’activité des personnes publiques, et protégé par des normes impératives, impose que le développement des modes alternatifs soit régulé. À ce titre, l’étude du droit positif démontre que ce phénomène n’est pas inconnu dans le règlement des différends intéressant les contrats administratifs. Par exemple, les parties à un différend peuvent déjà librement recourir aux modes amiables (médiation, conciliation ou transaction), et quelques dérogations au principe d’interdiction faite aux personnes publiques de recourir à l’arbitrage sont prévues. Cela étant, les lacunes et les défaillances du régime actuel des modes alternatifs dans les contrats administratifs (absence de véritable statut du médiateur, défaut d’encadrement de la conciliation inter partes, complexité de la notion de concessions réciproques ou, encore, difficulté pour le juge administratif d’asseoir sa compétence en matière d’arbitrage international...) complexifient leur compréhension et leur mise en œuvre et risquent, par suite, d’accroître les violations de l’ordre public. Il est donc nécessaire de proposer un régime pérenne des modes alternatifs permettant d’assurer, d’une part, la protection des normes impératives du droit public et, d’autre part, la liberté des parties dans le choix et la conduite d’une justice alternative. Pour cela, leur futur régime devra autoriser l’arbitrage dans les contrats administratifs et le doter de garanties procédurales prenant en compte sa nature spécifique mais, aussi, certaines caractéristiques inhérentes aux personnes publiques et au droit administratif. De même, les procédures de médiation et de conciliation devront être améliorées afin d’assurer aux parties, un encadrement souple et favorable à la conclusion de transactions équilibrées et sécurisées. Enfin, ce régime devra définitivement consacrer le rôle du juge administratif. À cet effet, ce dernier pourra être amené à assister les parties dans la mise en œuvre des modes alternatifs (création d’un juge administratif d’appui dans l’arbitrage, combinaison des procédures de référé avec les modes amiables...). Le juge administratif devra être aussi chargé du contrôle de conformité de la solution alternative à l’ordre public. Cette attribution de compétence, qui résonne de plus fort en matière d’arbitrage international, est indispensable à la protection de l’intérêt public. Ce n’est qu’à ces conditions, que le développement des modes alternatifs de règlement des différends pourra prendre toute sa place dans les contrats administratifs<br>The development of alternative dispute resolution in administrative contracts is a necessity. Indeed, the congestion of the administrative courts, combined with the need for a more consensual and calm settlement of disputes, pleads in favour of the emergence of an alternative justice. Nevertheless, the public order governing the activities of public bodies, and protected by imperative norms, requires that the development of alternative methods be regulated. As such, the study of positive law shows that this phenomenon is not unknown in the settlement of disputes concerning administrative contracts. For instance, the parties to a dispute can already freely resort to amicable methods (mediation, conciliation or settlement agreement), and some exceptions to the principle prohibiting public bodies from resorting to arbitration are provided for. However, the voids and shortcomings of the current system of alternative dispute resolution in administrative contracts (lack of proper status of the mediator, paucity of framework for inter partes conciliation, complexity of the concept of reciprocal concessions or, difficulty for the administrative judge to assert its competence in international arbitration...) make its understanding and implementation more complex and more prone to increasing public order violations. It is therefore necessary to propose a sustainable regime of alternative methods to ensure, on the one hand, the protection of peremptory norms of public law and, on the other hand, the freedom of the parties in the choice and conduct of an alternative justice. For that purpose, the future regime will have to authorize arbitration in administrative contracts and endow it with procedural guarantees taking into account its specific nature but also certain characteristics inherent in public entities and administrative law. Furthermore, the mediation and conciliation procedures will have to be improved in order to provide the parties with a flexible framework conducive to the conclusion of balanced and secure settlement agreements. Finally, this regime must definitively establish the role of the administrative judge. To this end, that judge may be called upon to assist the parties in the implementation of alternative methods (creation of an administrative support judge in arbitration, combination of interim reliefs with amicable procedures...). The administrative judge must also be responsible for checking the compliance of the alternative solution to the public order. This attribution of jurisdiction, which is resonates all the more in international arbitration, is fundamental for the protection of the public interest. It is only under these conditions that the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms can take its place in administrative contracts
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Collins, Mary. "COLLABORATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN SUPERFUND ENFORCEMENT:DOES THE RESOLUTION APPROACH VARY BY COMMUNITY-LEVEL SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2724.
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This research examines environmental dispute resolution as applied to Superfund site cleanup and how the use of collaborative dispute resolution approaches, in particular Alternative Dispute Resolution and Community Involvement, are related to a community's socioeconomic and demographic profile. It examines the sociodemographic characteristics of residents living in census tracts containing Superfund sites in relation to the type of dispute resolution technique used. I hypothesize that collaborative dispute resolution techniques, as opposed to traditional settlement and/or litigation, are less likely to occur in Superfund communities with high poverty levels and high minority populations than in those with low poverty levels and low minority populations. Although minority and lower class communities are less likely to be placed on the National Priorities List (NPL), are slower to be cleaned up once on the NPL, and experience lower quality cleanups (O'Neil 2005; Sigman 2001; Omohundro 2004), the findings of this research indicate that the dispute resolution processes studied here do not contribute to such environmental clean up injustices. Minority status and poverty levels do not impact the likelihood that collaborative dispute resolution will be used in settling Superfund disputes. This analysis does show a significant correlation between education and the use of collaborative dispute resolution. Superfund communities in which residents have low educational attainment are less likely to use collaborative dispute resolution. Low educational levels may be the paramount disadvantage to overcome in the use and successful implementation of collaborative dispute resolution.<br>M.A.<br>Department of Sociology<br>Sciences<br>Applied Sociology MA
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Oshynko, Norma. "Claimant document production in Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada's alternative dispute resolution process /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2703.
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