Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modification de surface de billes de silice'
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Musino, Dafne. "Impact of surface modification on the structure and dynamics of silica-polymer nanocomposites." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS015/document.
Full textNanocomposite materials made by dispersion of nano-scale fillers in a soft polymer matrix attract industrial interest because of their enhanced properties. During their formulation, filler-filler and filler-polymer interactions affect the dispersion of the particles, and thus the final nanocomposite structure. The filler dispersion as well as dynamical properties control many material properties and in particular the mechanical response of these materials.In this PhD work, we propose the study of nanocomposites made by dispersion of nano-metric hydrophilic silica particles in a soft hydrophobic polymer matrix of styrene/butadiene (SB), which is commonly used in car tire manufacturing. Since coating agents can react with the filler surface tuning the silica-silica and the silica-polymer interactions, they have been used to promote the compatibility between silica and SB. Firstly, we investigate “simplified industrial nanocomposites” obtained by solid mixing of SB and millimetric silica pellets. By a multiscale approach (microscopy and X-ray scattering, SAXS) we show that: i) the presence of a catalyzer (DPG) unambiguously amplifies the action of the coating agent; ii) the increase of silane content induces the progressive decrease of silica aggregate size. The study of the simplified industrial nanocomposites has been extended to a silica/SB model system. We developed an efficient method to surface-modify colloidal silica NPs in ethanol/water, to stabilize them in the same solvent (MEK) used to dissolve the polymer, and to obtain the final model nanocomposite by solvent casting. For the structural characterization of this multi-step system, we propose a combined SAXS-reverse Monte Carlo approach which allows to investigate the dispersion state of surface-modified silica NPs in precursor solvents (i.e., ethanol/water and MEK) and in the polymer matrix. The filler dispersion is influenced by the characteristics of the grafted silane molecule (varying hydrophobicity, grafting function, and density) and it is shown the quality of the dispersion state is maintained from the precursor suspension to the nanocomposite. Moreover, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) has been used to investigate the role of silane coating agents in the segmental dynamics of model nanocomposites. We show that the silane molecules can act as plasticizers in pure styrene-butadiene matrices, inducing a significant decrease of the glass transition temperature. We also prove that the chemical surface-modification of the fillers does not affect the segmental dynamics (α-relaxation) in nanocomposites, whereas the presence of “free” silane molecules in the polymer bulk can induce a detectable plasticization effect
Mariot, David. "Nouveau procédé de modification de silice pour le renforcement d'élastomères silicones." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0013.
Full textThis work deals with a new way of modifying silica surface in a view to reinforce silicone elastomers. The surface-initiated ring-opening-polymerization (Si-ROP) of cyclosiloxanes was performed directly from the surface of silica dispersed in water. The characteristics of silica used in this study and their behavior in aqueous dispersion were first studied. For pH higher than the Point of Zero Charge, silica presents silanolate groups at its surface that are able to initiate the ROP of cyclosiloxanes from the surface, and not in aqueous suspension. The influence of the counter-cation and its concentration proved to be essential, in addition to silica's adsorbing properties. Modified silicas obtained by this new process were deeply analyzed by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), fragmentation-GC, simple impulsion 29Si RMN and pyrolysis GC-MS in order to describe precisely the grafting conformation. The polymerization process was then scaled up to produce higher quantities of modified silica, which were incorporated in a model silicone formulation. Highest and lowest grafting densities tended to poor silica dispersions, as shown by image treatment. Hardness tests, uniaxial tensile and cyclic tests and tear resistance tests were performed in order to evaluate the influence of the grafting (conformation and vinylated groups) on silicone elastomers properties
Loubaki, Eugène. "Valorisation du chitosane modification chimique du chitosane et utilisation de dérivés obtenus pour l'enrobage de billes de silice, pour la chromatographie des protéines /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615432h.
Full textLoubaki, Eugène. "Valorisation du chitosane : modification chimique du chitosane et utilisation de derives obtenus pour l'enrobage de billes de silice, pour la chromatographie des proteines." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066372.
Full textLassiaz, Stéphanie. "Modification de surface d'alumine et de silice en milieu aqueux par greffage d'acide alkylphosphonique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20057.
Full textThe goal of this study is the surface modification of silica nanoparticles in aqueous media by grafting alkylphosphonic acid molecules. As Si-O-P bonds are unstable toward hydrolysis, the grafting is done by aluminium species deposited on the nanoparticles surface that is to say by Si-O-Al-O-P bonds. First, a study of the grafting of alkylphosphonic acid molecules onto alumina nanoparticles surface, used as a model, has been carried out. Then two strategies have been followed to modify silica nanoparticles surface: (a) the grafting of alkylphosphonic acid molecules on the surface of nanoparticles industrially modified by aluminium surface species and (b) the surface modification of silica nanoparticles by successive additions of aluminium salt then alkylphosphonic acid. The different nanoparticles functionalised by alkyl chains obtained have been characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, NMR MAS 31P, elementary analysis, infra-red spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K, hexane and water adsorptions at 25 °C and by a floating test in methanol/water mixing (“methanol number”). Grafting parameters have been optimised which allow us to synthesize nanoparticles with different covering rates and thus to control their hydrophobicity and their surface polarity on a large scale
Reinhardt, Nora Maria Elisabeth. "Modification chimique de surface de nanoparticules de silice pour le marquage d'ADN dans des lipoplexes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14820/document.
Full textSilica nanoparticles are ideal platforms for the conception of bioimaging tools serving for the elucidation of the mechanisms of gene transfection via lipoplex structures. The purpose of the present study is the development of a chemical surface modification for the generation of quaternary ammonium groups on silica nanoparticles permitting the obtainment of highly positively charged silica colloids which strongly attract DNA by electrostatic interactions. Two modification strategies to generate quaternary ammonium groups on silica are presented a) a direct silanization using quaternary ammonium groups containing silane derivatives and b) a modification of silica nanoparticles via a first modification with an amine group containing silane derivative and a subsequent quaternization of the amine groups via an alkylation with iodomethane. Different physicochemical methods were employed (cosedimentation assays, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurements, TEM and Cryo-TEM imaging) to analyze interactions between quaternized surfaces, DNA and lipids. A preliminary study was carried out which shows the capacity of the synthesized nanoparticles to label DNA in lipoplexes
Nicolas, Jean-Denis. "Modification des propriétés de surface de rouleaux en silice vitreuse pour des applications verrières et photovoltaïque." Valenciennes, 2011. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/84b3ed80-36b5-429f-a869-0d38f7165d4a.
Full textThis research is about modification of fused silica surface properties in the aim to control reactions appearing at the interface glass or silicon / fused silica rolls during heat treatments. Fused silica rollers suffer damage caused by aggressive environments in furnaces (Na2SO4, tin, phosphoric acid,. . . ). The sol-gel process has the ability to adjust physicochemical properties of the coating by precursor modification. In this context, silazanes, precursors of oxy-silicon carbonitrides are excellent raw materials for the production of coatings high temperatures and corrosion resistant. The use and development in an oxidizing atmosphere were often overlooked because they have significant sensitivity to oxidation. Despite this, silazanes show promising characteristics and properties in an oxidizing atmosphere. The behavior of these precursors to oxidation in air as function of temperature and the formation of coatings in the laboratory and industrial environment are discussed. The strengthening of the surface by the formation of stable systems is performed by taking into account sintering phenomena of the ceramic matrix and neutrality with elements conveyed to temperatures and atmospheres considered. Reactivity analysis and simulation of chemical reactions in the environment of furnaces are carried out to determine the behavior of coatings under conditions of industrial uses
El, Malti Wassim. "Modification de surface de supports inorganiques par des groupements organiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20208/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the surface modification of two inorganic supports (mesoporous silica nanoparticles, calcium carbonate) by grafting organic molecules (organosilanes and phosphonates derivatives).Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) of MCM-41 type were synthesized by direct micro-emulsion and grafted under mild conditions using isocyanatopropyltrichlorosilane. Then, the reactivity of the isocyanate function was tested by post-modification using several amino nucleophiles. Synthesis, grafting and post-modification steps have been characterized by several physicochemical methods. MSN surface functionalized with a photolabile coupling agent have also been developed and tested under UV irradiation, with a view to prepare nanovalves for photo-controlled drug-delivery.The surface modification of nanoparticles of calcium carbonate (calcite) by phosphonate monolayers was investigated. The reaction conditions were optimized to favor grafting and prevent the dissolution of calcium carbonate leading to the precipitation of calcium phosphonate phases. Dense monolayers were obtained with different phosphonic acids in organic and aqueous media. The use of phosphonic esters (diethyl esters) was also explored. The modified nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques (NMR and IR spectroscopy, XRD, elemental analysis, electron microscopy, wettability testing) to identify the nature of the surface species
Schmitt, Céline. "Surface modification of oxide nanoparticles using phosphonic acids : characterization, surface dynamics, and dispersion in sols and nanocomposites." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS083/document.
Full textColloidal nanoparticles (NPs) dispersions are largely used in the industry, and avoid the use of dried NPs, which is controversial due to safety concerns. The key point in such systems remains the control of the interactions with the dispersed medium and between the NPs. Mastering these interactions allows controlling the NPs' state of dispersion. Moreover, as polymer-NPs nanocomposites have been found promising for a wide variety of applications, the use of colloidal sols could thus be an advantageous way of NPs' incorporation in the polymer, with a possible control of the NPs state of dispersion, and finally on the properties of the material, as they are linked to the NPs' dispersion. The purpose of this PhD work is to develop surface-functionalization methods of oxide NPs in colloidal sols in order to control the dispersion of NPs in the sols and in polymer nanocomposites derived from these sols, and to evaluate this dispersion using SAXS. Two surface modification methods have been developed to obtain aqueous or organic sols of functionalized NPs. The first one concerns the reaction in water of alumina-coated silica NPs with phosphonic acids (PAs), and the second one involves the simultaneous grafting and phase transfer of TiO2 NPs from an aqueous to a CHCl3 phase using PAs. The resulting NPs were characterized and their state of dispersion was monitored by DLS and SAS measurements. The impact of the C8PA grafting density on the structure of modified alumina-coated silica NPs in the dried state was evidenced by SAXS. The different relaxation processes of bare and grafted NPs were studied by BDS. These NPs were then incorporated in a PEA polymer by an aqueous latex route, and their structure in the nanocomposites was investigated by SANS
Courtat, Julie. "Étude de la fonctionnalisation de charges minérales préformées pour la formation de matériaux polymères en vue d’une tenue au feu améliorée pour un remplacement, à terme, des charges halogénées actuelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10326/document.
Full textIn order to protect our environment, toxic compounds have to be replaced to meet the new regulations as well as industrial standards. Therefore, to be environmental friendly, some solutions have to be found in terms of fire safety, since halogenated compounds are still used in fire retardant systems. The way studied to solve this problem was to add silica fillers modified by phosphorous or nitrogen agents into two polymer matrices (polypropylene and polybutylene terephthalate). Two different techniques were used to modify the silica surface: the first by grafting and the second by impregnation. Only 10% by weight of untreated or modified fillers was introduced into the polymers thanks to extrusion process. Morphology studies, rheological and fire behaviors as well as thermogravimetric analyses were performed on composites and relationship between those properties have been established. In the case of polypropylene, the untreated fillers induce the most significant reduction of peak of Heat Release Rate while the surface modification by phosphorous agents does not lead to the expected effect on the fire behavior of PP composite. The origin of this phenomenon was deeply studied and was related to the difference of morphology and rheological behavior between the several PP composites. Concerning polybutylene terephthalate, the best fire performances were obtained for composites containing phosphorous modified silica. Given these results, relationships between the type of flame-retardant compound, the viscoelasticity, the formation of a fire protective layer and the improvement of fire behavior has been identified
Lefebvre, Guillaume. "Modification de surface de particules de talc par de la silice nanométrique hydrophobe (par enrobage à sec) : influence sur leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et leur dispersibilité dans une phase aqueuse." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0080/document.
Full textPowder technology concerns the phenomena encountered in industrial processes involving divided solids. Such processes are found in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries (where many products are based on powders; tablets, granules, suspensions), and in the paint industry where solid pigments are dispersed in liquids. In particular this thesis examines the dispersion of powders in liquids which depends strongly on the interactions between solids and liquids and can be assessed by the solid-liquid interfacial energy. This energy is directly linked to the surface tension of the liquid and the surface energy of the solid through the contact angle in the Young equation. The contact angle is used to calculate the work of adhesion between a powder and a liquid and characterises the wettability of the powder. Talc powder, mainly used in paper industry, is used in this study. The surface of talc powder has been modified by dry coating with hydrophobic nano-silica (Aerosil® R972) using two different devices: a high shear mixer (Cyclomix®), and a planetary ball mill. The aim being to observe the effect of surface modification on the wettability and surface energy of coated talc particles and the effect of these surface energy changes on the dispersability of particles. Different parameters have been considered: the concentration of hydrophobic silica, the duration of processing without silica and with 3 % silica. Surface modifications have been assessed using the sessile drop method, capillary rise, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS). This study shows that not only the surface wettability is modified by the treatment of particles in the coating devices, but also their physical characteristics such as their bulk density, their rheology, their buoyancy and thus their dispersibility. Finally, a study is made of the effect the stirring power of the aqueous phase on the dispersibality of talc powders coated with different concentrations hydrophobic silica
Rahma, Hakim. "Synthèse de nanofilms à greffons dendritiques pour l’immobilisation de biomolécules." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14593/document.
Full textBiofunctionalization of silica surfaces represents a crucial step for many applications in biotechnology such as biosensing and bioseparation. Monitoring the surface modification of the materials supports can improve their performances for the recognition of biological species. In this work, we have developed functional dendritic organosilanes of first and second generation for chemical modification of surfaces. These dendritic organosilanes RSiX3 (X = Cl or OMe3 or OEt3) were covalently grafted on planar silica or on core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles surfaces (gamma-Fe2O3/SiO2). The grafted surfaces were analyzed by AFM and TEM. They were also characterized by Infrared, contact angle and zetametry. These modified surfaces by dendritic molecules have shown high ability to immobilize biological molecules such as protein A or rabbit antibodies
Alloul, Haytham. "Surfaces moléculaires hétérogènes : un outil vers le control [i.e. contrôle] du mouillage et des morphologies d'auto-assemblage de nano objets." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0353/document.
Full textThe knowledge about interfacial free energy interactions and surface energy is necessary for understanding and modeling many surface and interface processes. The investigation of the surface properties of solids is very important in several applications such as wetting, spreading and adhesion processes. Such processes occur during the preparation of suspensions, emulsions, painting, printing and corrosion protection. Knowledge about surface free energy of solids appears as a very important parameter determining the interfacial properties in solid/liquid and solid/gas interfaces where many implementations are involved. We have studied the effect of the chemical modification on surface energy for two types of silica: Aerosil OX 50 is chosen as a nanometric substrate and the wafers of silicium chosen as micrometric substrate. For silica OX 50, the chemical modification was carried out using the hydrophobic hexadecyltrichlorosilane (HTS). Transmission infrared and the quantification of organic carbon were helpful in the estimation of increasing quantities of HTS grafted to the surface. Two adsorption isotherms were drawn. Then, continuous adsorption isotherm of argon and nitrogen was used to study the evolution of energetic heterogeneity in the course of the chemical reaction. This was achieved by applying an analysis strategy of the monolayer volume (Vm) of adsorbed argon and nitrogen. Results enabled the drawing of a third adsorption isotherm. The quantification of surface energy for various samples was realize using capillary rise (macroscopic technique) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) (molecular technique). For silicon wafers, two types of surfaces were elaborated in this study. The first hydrophilic (OH grafting), was obtained by oxidation of silicon wafers (Piranha treatment), the second hydrophobic (CH3 grafting), was obtained by grafting HTS molecules to the surface. The quantification of the surface free energy was achieved using the wettability (macroscopic technique) and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) (nanoscopic technique). Finally the different values of surface free energy obtained for native silica are compared to those of hydrophilic (OH) flat surfaces. As for hydrophobic surfaces, the silica OX 50 modified with maximum quantity of HTS is compared to Hydrophobic (CH3) flat surfaces
Motreff-Zeisser, Artur. "Modification de surfaces de téflon et de SiO2 par adsorption de complexes de cuivre(II)- carboxylates perfluorés." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14087/document.
Full textThe development of methodologies to easily functionalize surfaces is a fast growing field. We have synthesized and characterized new highly fluorophilic copper(II)-carboxylate complexes that have been employed to modify surfaces. In the solid state, these complexes exhibit a high affinity for water, the hydration process inducing dramatic modifications of their magnetic properties. These fluorophilic complexes are strongly adsorbed on teflon or glass to afford hydrophilic and coordinating surfaces. Using coordination chemistry, the surfaces can than be functionalized. Porphyrins monolayers and thin layers have been prepared on glass and teflon and characterized, in particular by their optical properties
El, Fouhaili Bandar. "Development of hydrophobic/superhydrophobic anti-fouling photopolymer coatings for PVC reactor." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MULH6191.
Full textOur scientific approach has explored different strategies to develop a durable UV-cured coating with antifouling properties to prevent the crust formation. Firstly, the potential of fluoroacrylate photocurable coatings was exhaustively investigated. Indeed, their outstanding properties (low surface energy, chemical stability and high hydrophobicity...) could limit the adsorption of the AGC on the reactor walls and further encrusting. A bibliographic research highlighted the behavior of fluorinated monomers on film surface and the parameters affecting the hydrophobic properties. Different fluorinated monomers were selected. At low concentration, they provide hydrophobic surfaces on 316L stainless steel, the reference substrate. However, a decrease of the films surface hydrophobicity in hot water was observed with time, and was attributed to a disorganization of the fluorinated chains on the coating surface. An optimization of the amount of fluoroacrylate monomer was performed by confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) to promote the fluorinated chains stability on the surface before and after immersion in hot water at 80°C. The beneficial effect was found maximal at a concentration ranging from 1 to 1.8 wt%. However, even after this optimization, a decrease of the film surface hydrophobicity was observed for increased immersion time in hot water. Therefore, optimized fluoroacrylate monomer concentration was combined with alternated thermal/immersion post-treatment and has conducted to more stable photocured films. This result was attributed to a rigidification of the fluorinated chains on the film surface limiting thus, the extent of their disorganization. After this study realized at a laboratory scale, we tested the photocured coating in the VCM pilot reactor. A surface cleaning, an increase of the stainless steel roughness by shot blasting and the use of alkoxysilanes as coupling agents were implemented in order to enhance the adhesion properties of the photopolymer film on stainless steel. In addition, the use of a fluorinated monomer containing a heteroatom improved the rigidification when associated with the alternated thermal/immersion post-treatment. The crust formation was limited during four successive polymerizations in the VCM pilot reactor. A durable anti-fouling UV-coating could be not obtained due to some swelling phenomena resulting from the lack of coating adhesion or some abrasion occurring from small PVC pellets during the PVC polymerization.A second part of this project was dedicated to superhydrophobic coatings. Indeed, reducing interaction with water should lead to a better protection of the substrate. A literature review on the superhydrophobic surfaces has shown that the contact with hot water generally strongly affects their antiwetting properties and induces a large contact angle decrease. [...]