Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modifications post-traductionnelles'
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Schaeffer, Étienne. "Etude des modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine ATF7." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ017/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis work was is the study of post-translationnal modifications (PTM) of the protein ATF7. This protein is phosphorylated on several threonine (T) residues upon stress (UVs, osmotic chock). This allows the protein to be transcriptionally active. In the absence of stress, a fraction of the protein is sumoylated resulting in an inhibition of its transcriptional activity. The first project raise to the development of tools that will enable the study of the sumoylated form of ATF7 protein. This work raise to the development of tetrameric bispecific scFv possessing a simultaneously recognizing ability of the proteins ATF7 and SUMO1. The other main project was the study of ATF7 T112 phosphorylation in the absence of stress. The experiments drove in the lab have shown that thus threonine is phosphorylated during mitosis by a specific pathway, which includes the CDK1
Blouquit, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude des modifications post-traductionnelles de l'hémoglobine humaine." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120005.
Full textLarbret, Frédéric. "Impact des modifications post-traductionnelles sur la dynamique du cytosquelette." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4044.
Full textActin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments compose three major cytoskeletal structures of vertebrate cells that are characterized by highly dynamic balances between assembly and de-assembly, underlying critical cellular processes such as mitosis, architecture and movement. Consequently, cytoskeleton dysfunctions have been implicated in several pathological situations including cell transformation and metastasis. Thus, cytoskeletal networks represent major targets for the development of novel anti-cancer and anti-metastatic therapies. However, drug development is currently limited by the availability of high-throughput screening systems allowing the simultaneous monitoring of actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments dynamics in living cells. In this work, we have developed a novel screening assay of cytoskeleton dynamics based on the simultaneous recording by flow cytometry of FRET signals produced by the variation of actin, tubulin and vimentin filaments dynamics in living cells. Our novel method was employed to screen a mini-library of drugs known for their ability to interfere with post-translationnal modifications of proteins. Interestingly, our approach revealed that compounds interfering with lysine acetylation have a dramatic impact on vimentin filaments assembly and microtubules polymerization. In addition, two inhibitors (WP1130 and b-AP15) of deubiquitinating enzymes showed increase of actin polymerization. This effect was attributed to poly-ubiquitnation of Destrin, an actin binding protein. In conclusion, our FRET multiplex flow cytometry assay represents a novel effective method for the future development of new anti-cancer therapies
Larbret, Frédéric. "Impact des modifications post-traductionnelles sur la dynamique du cytosquelette." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4044.
Full textActin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments compose three major cytoskeletal structures of vertebrate cells that are characterized by highly dynamic balances between assembly and de-assembly, underlying critical cellular processes such as mitosis, architecture and movement. Consequently, cytoskeleton dysfunctions have been implicated in several pathological situations including cell transformation and metastasis. Thus, cytoskeletal networks represent major targets for the development of novel anti-cancer and anti-metastatic therapies. However, drug development is currently limited by the availability of high-throughput screening systems allowing the simultaneous monitoring of actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments dynamics in living cells. In this work, we have developed a novel screening assay of cytoskeleton dynamics based on the simultaneous recording by flow cytometry of FRET signals produced by the variation of actin, tubulin and vimentin filaments dynamics in living cells. Our novel method was employed to screen a mini-library of drugs known for their ability to interfere with post-translationnal modifications of proteins. Interestingly, our approach revealed that compounds interfering with lysine acetylation have a dramatic impact on vimentin filaments assembly and microtubules polymerization. In addition, two inhibitors (WP1130 and b-AP15) of deubiquitinating enzymes showed increase of actin polymerization. This effect was attributed to poly-ubiquitnation of Destrin, an actin binding protein. In conclusion, our FRET multiplex flow cytometry assay represents a novel effective method for the future development of new anti-cancer therapies
Benchabane, Meriem. "Modifications post-traductionnelles d'une serpine humaine recombinante exprimée chez les plantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24868/24868.pdf.
Full textGuellich, Aziz. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines contractiles dans l'insuffisance cardiaque." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077239.
Full textHeart failure (HF) is a generalized myopathy. Post-translational modifications of contractile proteins, in particular those of myosin, are one of the potential mechanisms responsible of heart and peripheral muscle dysfunction observed during HF. Down regulation of PPARa during cardiac hypertrophy and HF has been reported. However, precise effects of PPARa deficiency on cardiac contractile function and on oxidative stress were never studied. In this work, we have demonstrated that PPARa⁻/⁻ mice present a cardiac contractile dysfunction reflected by a decrease in i) fractional shortening observed by echocardiography, ii) intrinsic mechanical performance obtained by the study of papillary muscle mechanics, iii) myosin mechanical properties using in vitro motility assays. Such alterations seem to be related to myosin nitration. MnSOD expression and activity drop observed in this model could be responsible of this nitration. Increase in myosin carbonylation was also detected in rat diaphragm and soleus in a model of HF induced by pressure overload. These modifications are responsible, at least in part, of myosin mechanical properties alteration and of intrinsic mechanical performance abnormalities at the level of the organ. Study of apoptosis dependent post-translational modifications of contractile proteins had rule out the possibility of the implication of their cleavage by the effector enzyme caspase-3. Its active form and activity were not detected in this case. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that myosin oxidation is involved in the cardiac contractile dysfunction of PPARa ⁻/⁻ mice and in the peripheral muscles contractile alteration during HF
Benchabane, Meriem. "Modifications post-traductionnelles d’une serpine humaine recombinante exprimée chez les plantes." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES020.
Full textPlants represent interesting production platforms for recombinant proteins. Protein post-translational modifications however, may not be adequate, with a possible negative impact on their commercial value. To assess this problem, we expressed human α1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), a glycosylated serine protease inhibitor, in cultured BY2 tobacco cells. The inhibitor was targeted to different subcellular compartments to assess the impact of cellular destination on its stability and glycosylation. Our results showed that AACT entering the secretory pathway was readily processed to lower molecular weight forms resulting from glycan maturation and proteolytic processing. Intriguingly, cytosolic expression generated more stable proteins, although not glycosylated, that accumulated mostly in the nucleus. We further demonstrated that mutation of AACT DNA binding site partially altered the nucleus distribution, thus suggesting a role of this DNA binding in nuclear retention
Dubois, Emilie. "Modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines contractiles cardiaques : nouveaux biomarqueurs du remodelage ventriculaire post-infarctus." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580405.
Full textPeugnet, Victoriane. "Modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine superoxyde dismutase 2 dans le coeur." Thesis, Lille, 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS010.pdf.
Full textNowadays, cardiovascular diseases remain a main public health issue in developed countries. Especially, left ventricular remodeling concerns 30% of patients after myocardial infarction and can lead to heart failure. Left ventricular remodeling and heart failure are associated with oxidative stress, contributing to structural and functional modifications of the heart. The aim of my PhD thesis was to study post-translational modifications of the mitochondrial anti-oxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), especially its acetylation that inactivates it, in the pathophysiological context of cardiovascular diseases.I showed that cardiac SOD2 is inactivated by acetylation on lysin 68, contributing to mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Among SIRT isoforms, the mitochondrial protein SIRT3 was identified as responsible for SOD2 deacetylation and subsequent activation, whereas protein acetyl transferase P300 could be involved in SOD2 transcriptional regulation. I also showed that SIRT3-mediated SOD2 activation protects cardiomyocytes from isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress and hypertrophy. These data allowed us to identify SOD2 as a potential molecular target in anti-oxidant therapeutic strategies.I then studied the impact of anti-oxidant molecules MitoQuinone (MitoQ, mitochondrial anti-oxidant) and EUK 134 (SOD mimetic) on cardiomyocytes. I showed that MitoQ and EUK 134 had protective effect on cardiac oxidative stress and hypertrophy. However, MitoQ is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered mitophagy in cardiomyocytes, contrary to EUK 134 that restore mitochondrial function and maintains mitophagy balance. These data highlight the key role of mitochondrial metabolism in development of anti-oxidant therapeutics
Fulcrand, Géraldine. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles des histones au cours de la mitose." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B119.
Full textBERANGER, FLORENCE. "Modifications post-traductionnelles et localisation subcellulaire des proteines de la superfamille ras." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077123.
Full textBelmadani, Souad. "Microtubules et modifications post-traductionnelles de la tubuline cardiaque chez le rat." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077018.
Full textFlahaut, Christophe. "Modifications post-traductionnelles et conformation des chaînes lourdes de l'inter-alpha-inhibiteur." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-73.pdf.
Full textRobert, Perle. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des modifications post traductionnelles de la protéine Arpp19, un inhibiteur de la phosphatase PP2A." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT085/document.
Full textProteins phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are key post translational modifications controlling mitotic events.Traditionally, mitotic entry requires Cdk1 activation. To allow this to occur, inhibitory phosphorylations on Cdk1 by Myt1 and Wee1 kinases must be removed by phosphatase Cdc25. Thus, the Cdk1-Cyclin B complex, also called MPF (Mitotic Promoting Factor), is active and inhibitory kinases inactivated.Along this canonic scheme, another key kinase has been shown to play a critical role: the Greatwall (Gwl) kinase also called MAST-L for MAST like. Results published by our team show that in Xenopus laevis, Gwl allows entry and maintains mitosis by inhibiting the activity of the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of Cdk1/Cycline B substrates: PP2A. This activity is driven by Gwl target: Arpp19. Gwl phosphorylates Arpp19 on its 71st residue turning it into a potent inhibitor of PP2A.A study of Arpp19 post translational modifications of Arpp19 has been initiated in the team which will allow the further study of several phosphosites: • Serine 71, Gwl phosphosite, the best documented site. • Serine 28, shown in vitro to be a Cdk1-CycB phosphosite. • Serine 113, assigned to PKA. This thesis project joins logically after the work already made in the team and has for objective to characterize the post translational modifications of Arpp19, their roles in mitotic progress, their incidences on binding and inhibition of Arpp19’s target, PP2A.This part of the project relies on mutants' synthesis of Arpp19Xe, phosphomimetics’ mutants on one hand (serine transformed into aspartic acid by mutagenesis) or mutants unable to be phosphorylated (serine into alanine). These mutants allowed us to work on the impact of these various phosphorylations in Xenopus eggs extracts.This project also attempts to highlight the whole signalization pathway ending in the various post translational modifications of Arpp19, their timelines during the cycle and thus to identify effector proteins of these phosphorylations on Arpp19 which are as much as potential levers on which can serve as targets for cancer therapy
Parameswaran, Kalaivani Nithyha. "Understanding the mechanisms of histone modifications in vivo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ097/document.
Full textPost-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones have emerged as key players in the regulation of gene expression. However, little is known to what extent PTMs can directly impact chromatin. It has been suggested that PTMs of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) have the potential to govern chromatin function according to the so called ‘‘histone code’’ hypothesis by recruiting specific binding proteins. The goal of my project is to gain insight in the function acetylation within the globular domain of H3 and to compare these modifications with histone tail modifications, in vivo by using the CRISPR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ES). To study the impact of PTMs in vivo, all endogenous wild type (WT) H3 gene copies have to be replaced with mutant copies. Hence, the primary focus of my project is to establish cell lines that exclusively express mutated H3 (e.g. mimicking acetylation) in order to study effects of H3 globular domain modifications on (a) gene expression (b) chromatin architecture as well as to study (c) cross talks and synergisms between globular domain modifications and (d) compare the effects with tail modifications in an vivo system
Saint-André, Violaine. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines histones dans la régulation de l’épissage." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066693.
Full textDespres, Clément. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles dans le processus d’agrégation de la protéine Tau." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10083/document.
Full textThe brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are characterized at the molecular level by two different lesions: extraneuronal amyloid plaques and intraneuronal tangles. Both contain fibrillary structures: the former is composed of insoluble Aβ peptides and the tangles contain paired helical filaments (PHFs) made of Tau proteins as the main contituent.It has been established that Tau is is found in an hyperphosphorylated state in PHFs. Numerous studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between hyperphosphorylation of Tau, progression of neurofibrillary degeneration through the brain and stages of the disease but the molecular mechanisms underlying Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation in AD are currently unknown. Moreover, due to its intrinsically disordered nature, Tau displays an increased accessibility for lots of modifying enzymes such as kinases, acetyl- and glycosyl-transferases…which are responsible for Tau post-translational modifications (PTMs). The role of these modifications in the pathological aggregation process of Tau protein remains unclear and has to be elucidated. Moreover, identification of these PTMs raises the question of the potential crosstalk with phosphorylation on the pathological aggregation of Tau. In this context, by using different in vitro approaches, we have studied the role of three major modifications of Tau: phosphorylation (Ser/Thr), acetylation (Lys) and O-GlcNAcylation (Ser)
Sidibe, Adama. "Modifications post-traductionnelles de la VE-cadhérine : des mécanismes moléculaires aux applications cliniques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819876.
Full textGineyts, Evelyne. "Caractérisation des modifications post-traductionnelles du collagène : application à l'étude du métabolisme ostéoarticulaire." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T017.
Full textChiari, Estelle. "Etude de modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine Tax du virus HTLV-I." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077062.
Full textDedieu, Alain. "Exploration des modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines : nouvelles approches et nouveaux modèles biologiques." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13516/document.
Full textRecently, the study of post-translational modifications has greatly evolved, mainly because of crucial progresses in mass spectrometry methodology which have allowed high-throughput, high resolution analysis. Their variety and their role in the regulation of key molecular mechanisms are increasingly documented. In this work, the different degrees of iodination of tyrosine were probed with a "shotgun" approach carried out from an entire organ, the mice thyroid. Post-translational modifications present in two radioresistant organism models, the bacterium Deinococcus deserti and the archaeon Thermococcus gammatolerans, were analyzed. The large scale exploration of N-terminal acetylation in D. deserti indicates a specific pattern of this modification on serine and threonine, as well as an atypical, high propension to acetylation with 50% of modified N-termini. In T. gammatolerans, N-terminal acetylation is rare, but the presence of acetylation on lysine side chains is significant. The presence of phosphorylation on these proteins suggests a potential "cross talk" between the acetylated lysine and phosphorylated serine or threonine residues. This work demonstrates that the complexity of the proteome in prokaryotes through post-translational modifications is higher than expected when extremophiles are scrutinized compared to classical prokaryote models. Interdependencies between post-translational modifications definitively deserve a fresher look
Groslambert, Marine. "Etude de l'impact fonctionnel des modifications post-traductionnelles dans l'activation de l'inflammasome NLRP3." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN022.
Full textInflammation is triggered after the sensing of pathogens or tissue damages. This process leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells and to the triggering of a pro-inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. NLRP3 protein is a sensor of cellular stress and regulates the triggering of these events through the formation of a multiproteic platform called inflammasome. NLRP3 activation has to be tightly controlled as its deregulation leads to the development of an auto-inflammatory disease called CAPS (Cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome). Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the development and the severity of numerous multifactorial diseases (type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, cancers…). The mechanisms involved in the regulation of NLRP3 activation are not fully understood. Recently, post-translational modifications of NLRP3 were shown to be important for the regulation of NLRP3 activation. Our lab has identified several phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites on this protein through biochemical studies. This phD work aims to identify the functional impact of these modifications. Thus, the generation of reconstituted cell lines expressing NLRP3 mutated on the previously identified residues and the generation of NLRP3 knock in mice via CRISPR/Cas9 technology were performed. The results show that substitution of two lysine residues previously identified as ubiquitinated leads to the deregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary cells. This work highlights a new point of control in NLRP3 activation
Aillaud, Chrystelle. "Modifications post-traductionnelles de la tubuline : identification des tubulines carboxypeptidases et découverte de nouveaux variants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV049.
Full textTomavo, Stanislas. "Caractérisation biochimique des modifications post-traductionnelles des antigènes majeurs de surface de toxoplasma gondii." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10012.
Full textIomini, Carlo. "Le Cytosquelette des spermatozoïdes des plathelminthes parasites : la tubuline et ses modifications post-traductionnelles." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0011.
Full textSalinas, Sara. "Modifications post-traductionnelles au niveau du promoteur du gène c-fos : Phosphorylations et SUMOylation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20029.
Full textSoum, Emmanuelle. "Modifications post-traductionnelles de l'IRP1 humaine en réponse au monoxyde d'azote et au peroxynitrite." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S022.
Full textIron regulatory protein 1 (IRF1) is a metalloprotein which regulates several proteins involved in mammalian iron homeostasis at a post-transcriptional level, by binding to specific mRNA sequences termed iron responsive elements (IREs). IRP1 exhibits two mutually exclusive activities, either aconitase or mRNA-binding protein, depending on the intactness of a versatile [4Feq-4S] cluster. Here we asked whether NO and peroxynitrite act directly on IRP1 and how they modify its functions. .
Descostes, Nicolas. "Analyse bioinformatique des modifications post-traductionnelles du domaine carboxyl-terminal de l'Arn polymérase II." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4089.
Full textThe biggest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II contains a carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) that consists in a repetition of seven amino-acids ranging from 26 in yeast to 52 in mammals. Specific biochemical modifications of CTD residues have been linked to specific stages of the transcriptional process. The CTD acts as a recruitment platform for processing factors that are involved in initiation, promoter proximal pausing, early and productive elongation (alternative splicing), 3' processing, termination and epigenetics.During my PhD, I used bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing data to study two novel biochemical modifications of the CTD in human. I showed, in collaboration with biologists and bioinformaticians, that threonine 4 phosphorylation is important for proper elongation and probably termination of transcription. I showed also that tyrosine 1 phosphorylation is present during early transcription, antisense transcription (at divergent promoters) and is hyperphosphorylated at transcribed and tissue specific enhancers.Overall my doctorate has contributed to the understanding of the transcriptional process in human through the use of innovative bioinformatic methods
Laforêts, Florian. "Étude de la régulation de l’activité de la fibrillarine : rôles des modifications post-traductionnelles." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1087/document.
Full textThe ribosome is responsible for the translation of mRNA into proteins. Within the ribosome, rRNAs play a crucial role in translation, and their post-transcriptional modifications regulate the ribosome’s translational activity and impact on gene expression. The human ribosome contains 106 2’-O-methylations added by fibrillarin (FBL). FBL functions through a box C/D snoRNP complex consisting of Nop56, Nop58 and 15.5kDa along with a box C/D small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). The regulation of FBL ad the C/D box snoRNP complexe are unknown. This work exploitated strtuctural data on FBL and the methylation complex to build a model allowing the extrapolation of structure-function relationships. The impact of FBL acetylation was also investigated. 5-FU is a uracile analog, and its cytotoxicity depends mostly on its alteration of RNA metabolism. As such, 5-FU inhibits rRNA maturation and alters the localization of nucleolar factors such as FBL. 5-FU induced a novel FBL acetylation at position K292, decreased FBL interaction with the methylation complex proteins, and induced a large scale inhibition of its interactions. This discovered a new role of the deacetylase and the acetyltransferase CBP on snoRNP integrity. Moreover, this work suggests that these enzyme participate in the 5-FU-induced alteration of snoRNP. s. This work supports the involvement of post-translational modifications in the regulation of the rRNA C/D box snoRNP 2’-O-methylation complex
Bance, Bertille. "Régulation des microtubules par les modifications post-traductionnelles au cours de la migration des astrocytes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066105.pdf.
Full textThe migration of cells is necessary during the development. At the adult, she contributes to the renewal of fabrics, to the healing and to the traffic of immune cells. Cancer cells acquire capacities of migration which escape the normal mechanisms of regulation
Savare, Jean. "Mécanisme d'action du facteur de transcription SoxNeuro chez la drosophile : partenariat et modifications post-traductionnelles." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON13504.
Full textMziaut, Hassan. "Voies de biosynthèse et modifications post-traductionnelles des glycoprotéines : du processus général au modèle thyroi͏̈dien." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22031.
Full textPerraki, Artemis. "La Rémorine, une protéine végétale impliquée dans la propagation virale ; implication des modifications post-traductionnelles." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21997/document.
Full textThe group 1 Remorin (REM) proteins are plant-specific oligomeric proteins that have been reported to localize to the plasma membrane despite their overall hydrophilic nature. There is evidence that the REM protein phosphorylation is potentially implicated in the early signaling and defense. Benschop et al. (2007) detected the AtREM1.3 (Arabidopsis thaliana group 1b of REM protein family) to be phosphorylated in response to treatment with the general elicitor flg22, while the Widjaja et al. (2008) suggested that the phosphorylation of AtREM1.2 is potentially implicated in early signaling upon infection with Pseudomonas syringae. The precise exact function of the group 1 REM protein phosphorylation remains unknown. Previous work in the laboratory showed that Potato virus X (PVX) movement is inversely correlated to potato StREM1.3 accumulation and that StREM1.3 can physically interacts with the movement protein TRIPLE GENE BLOCK PROTEIN 1 (TGBp1) from PVX (Raffaele et al., 2009). In this work, we studied the mechanism underlying the REM-TGBp1 interactions and we tried to characterise biochemically the kinase that phosphorylate REM. The physiological consequences of TGBp1/ StREM1.3 interaction and REM phosphorylation in terms of virus spreading, post-transcriptional gene silencing, plasmodesmata gating, kinase activation were also investigated
Lacombe, Caroline. "La galactosémie congénitale : la physiopathologie peut-elle être liée aux modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines ?" Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMM202/document.
Full textThe congenital galactosemia is a metabolic disease involved in the galactose pathway. Indeed, the enzyme responsible of the galactose-1-phosphate transformation in glucose-1-phosphate, the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, is deficient and then leads to a use of galactose almost impossible. This leads to an accumulation of galactose and its derived products, the galactose-1-phosphate and the galactitol. Thus, our work hypothesis is that metabolites involved in this disease cause post-translational modifications of proteins inducing their premature aging. We then studied the impact of the « galactation » on the type I collagen and showed that the structural modifications are more important with galactose than with glucose at the same concentration, on both the primary and the fibrillar structure. On contact with « galacted » collagen, the inflammatory cells functions are also modified. The infrared spectroscopy technique has been used to characterize the metabolites involved in the galactosemia, just as the modified collagens. With the aim of screening, an infrared spectroscopy study of galactosemic plasmas allowed us to highlight the potential of this technique, with its good sensibility and its low cost price. To conclude, the post-translational modifications of proteins seem strongly involved in the physiopathology of the congenital galactosemia
Dietsch, Frank. "Caractérisation des fonctions des modifications post-traductionnelles de PCNA à l'aide d'un nouvel outil génétique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ014/document.
Full textPCNA is an essential protein that is involved in many cellular mechanisms and has many post-translational modifications (PTMs). The functions of some PTMs, still remain unknown. In order to study the function of these PTMs, we have developed a new genetic tool allowing, in cellulo, the substitution of endogenous PCNA protein with a mutated version of the protein named complementation version. The technique involves cotransfection of the cells in culture with two types of plasmids. A first plasmid allows invalidation of the endogenous PCNA gene in transfected cells by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The second plasmid, named complementation plasmid allows the expression of a mutated form of PCNA. In the whole bank of tested mutants, two PCNA mutants were found to be lethal (D122A and E124A). We have demonstrated that these two sites are involved in the initiation of an ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation CRL4Cdt2 pathway essential for the proteolysis of a protein cocktail (cdt1, p21, set8) during the S phase. We demonstrated that PCNA mutant cells (D122A and E124A) accumulate p21 protein. This lack of degradation of p21 then causes re-replication events leading ultimately to the mutant cells death
Anne, Sandrine. "Mort neuronale et cycle cellulaire : Rôle de la huntingtine et de ses modifications post-traductionnelles." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T083.
Full textGineste, Romain. "Régulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle des récepteurs nucléaires FXR, RORα et PPARγ par modifications post-traductionnelles." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S041.
Full textBourdin, Thibaut. "Étude de la diversité catalytique des enzymes à radical SAM impliquées dans les modifications post-traductionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB050.
Full textS-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) radical enzymes are a major superfamily of enzymes involved in many of life's essential biological processes. These enzymes use radical chemistry to catalyze a wide variety of unconventional biochemical modifications on different types of molecules, including secondary metabolites, DNA or RNA, as well as proteins and peptides. To catalyze these unique reactions, these enzymes require a [4Fe-4S] radical SAM cluster, as well as a cofactor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), which binds to the SAM radical cluster. One electron reduction of this center induces homolytic cleavage of SAM and the formation of a radical intermediate, the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical, which is essential for the activity of these enzymes.One of the largest families of radical SAM enzymes is the family of B12 vitamin (cobalamin)-dependent radical SAM enzymes. This emerging family catalyzes a variety of complex biochemical reactions, including mainly methylation reactions on chemically inactive carbon atoms. These enzymes, like the other members of this superfamily, use radical chemistry for SAM cleavage, but also methylcobalamin as acceptor and donor of methyl groups. Nevertheless, the mechanism of these enzymes remains largely poorly understood. Recently, glutamine C-methyltransferase (QCMT), a new enzyme belonging to this group, was described as catalyzing the methylation of a glutamine residue in the active site of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), an enzyme complex playing a major role in methanogenesis.One of the objectives of my thesis was to determine the enzymatic mechanism and structure of this new enzyme. In particular, we have shown that QCMT is not only able to catalyze in vitro the methylation of a glutamine on its Cα carbon atom, but also the epimerization of this residue. In addition, QCMT also catalyzes the methylation of a large number of amino acid residues, including the direct conversion of a Gly to D-Ala on a peptide mimicking the MCR sequence. The structural study of this enzyme enabled us to show that, in solution, conformational changes take place during cobalamin binding. Thanks to a crystallographic study, we have also solved the structure of this enzyme, and proposed a structural model.The second major group of radical SAM enzymes are those containing a SPASM domain, allowing them to coordinate other [4Fe-4S] auxiliary clusters in addition to the radical SAM cluster. The vast majority of these enzymes catalyze MPTs on peptides of the RiPPs (Ribosomally-Synthesized and Post-translationally-modified Peptides) family. RiPPs represent a major family of natural products with multiple biological functions, including antibiotic, toxin and anti-cancer activities, making these molecules of interest in the healthcare field. The biosynthesis of RiPPs generally begins with the translation of a precursor peptide, which then undergoes various MPTs catalyzed by maturation enzymes, including radical SAM enzymes with SPASM domains.To better understand the mechanisms and functions of these enzymes, I studied the biosynthesis of a peptide belonging to the RiPPs family, produced by the human microbiota, ruminococcin C. The maturation enzyme for this peptide (MC2) catalyzes the formation of four α-thioether bonds, giving ruminococcin C its double hairpin structure and its activity against Clostridium perfringens, a Gram-positive human pathogen. In particular, I investigated the role of [4Fe-4S] auxiliary clusters in this enzyme in the formation of α-thioether bonds. Using EPR spectroscopy, we characterized the three [4Fe-4S] clusters of this enzyme and showed that auxiliary center II could play a redox role in the enzyme's enzymatic mechanism
Cavusoglu, Nükhet. "Apport de la spectrométrie de masse à l'étude de modifications post-traductionnelles et à la protéomique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13066.
Full textLast past decade has shown a rapid evolution of mass spectrometry with the increasing demands of biologists since the birth of new soft ionisation techniques such MALDI (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation) and ESI (Electrospray Ionisation), allowing the detection of undazzled biological molecules. This thesis work describes the choice and the development of the instrumental and analytical strategy to carry out four different collaborations, showing by the way the diversity of the approaches and the multiplicity of mass spectrometry solutions. The first topic concerned isolation in drosophila hemolymph of biologically active peptides. We realized the de novo sequencing by Ion Trap mass spectrometry of an N terminally blocked peptide named DIM 13 (Drosophila Immune Induced Molecule 13). The second topic aimed the structural study of an recombinant enzyme, the dipeptidyl-diaminopeptidase. We established the conformity of the primary structure of the recombinant protein versus the natural one and gave a detailed description of its post-translationnal modifications. The third topic concerned the establishment of the proteome of mouse retina. A first approach led to the identification by peptide mass fingerprinting and databank search of one hundred retina proteins. In a second approach we compared proteins identified from normal mouse retina versus rd1 retina (retinal degenerescence 1). The last study gave the description of proteins from a transcriptional factor, TFTC. Our approach permitted the identification of two additional proteins, from those already identified by more classical methods
Dutertre, Stéphanie. "Analyse de l'expression et des modifications post-traductionnelles de l'hélicase BLM au cours du cycle cellulaire." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T022.
Full textBloom's syndrome is a rare genetic disorder associated to a predisposition to the development of all kinds of cancer and to a generalized genetic instability BLM protein is defective in this disorder and belongs to the recQ helicase family. Helicases of this family are extremely conserved throughout evolution and are involved in the control of recombination. The BLM protein displays a 3'-5' DNA helicase activity; however its physiological role is still unclear. The goal of my research work was the elucidation of that role. We showed that BLM protein accumulates in S phase; of the cell cycle that its expression persists during G2/M and sharply declines in G1. We also showed that BLM helicase is subject to post-translational modifications during mitosis, namely phosphorylations modifying its cellular localization. We showed that BLM phosphorylation in mitosis-arrested cells does not modify neither its helicase activity nor its interaction with topoisomerase IIIα. Besides, we showed that, in response to ionizing radiation, BLM protein accumulates and is phosphorylated through an ATM-dependent pathway. We also showed that ionizing radiation treatment of mitosis arrested cells, results in BLM dephosphorylation and in inactivation of the Cdc2 kinase. This dephosphorylation is associated to a change in BLM localization towards an insoluble cellular compartment. These results suggest that BLM protein is involved in the cellular response to ionizing radiation and that it can be stored during mitosis under an active form in a soluble compartment of the mitotic cells allowing its recruitment in response to DNA damage. All these results suggest the existence of a general mechanism of DNA repair during mitosis in response to genotoxic stress
Eang, Rothmony. "Mise au point d'outils de recherche et étude de modifications post-traductionnelles du protéasome 20S humain." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/376/.
Full textThe 20S proteasome, the multi-catalytic core particle of proteasome 26S, a major component of the Ub-P pathway playing a fundamental role in many basic cellular processes and in cancer since the majority of intracellular proteins, including many tumor suppressor proteins, are regulated by this pathway. Accordingly, it is very attractive for recent and innovative cancer treatment strategy. The proteasome inhibitor VelcadeTM/bortezomib has proven successfully anti-tumoral activity in vitro and in vivo with multiple tumor cell lines. Therefore, it was the first marketed proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, adverse reactions have been found when using VelcadeTM and efforts are currently made to find modulatory molecules with different mechanism action in order to diminish side effects. During the thesis here, we focus our efforts on two mechanisms found to modify the proteasome activity: the post-translational modifications by phosphorylation and the change of catalytic subunits leading to immunoproteasome expression. We found that beta7 subunit was phosphorylated on serine249 residues using a rationally developed antibody. The ?7 phosphorylated form could be able to be dephosphorylated by acid phosphatase treatment and as a result, the PGPH activity was affected, whereas the other activities remained unchanged after the treatment. Moreover, the serine-phosphorylation on ?7 subunit was observed in a panel of non-tumoral and tumoral cell lines and we found a decrease amount of phosphorylated serine on ?7 subunits of the studied tumoral cell lines compared to the experimental non-tumoral cell lines, suggesting its possible use as a biomarker. .
Jeanne, Marion. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles de PML dans la régulation et la fonction des Corps Nucléaires." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077101.
Full textIn acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), arsenic trioxide induces degradation of the oncoprotein PML- RAR, differentiation of leukemic cells and leads to clinical remission. Modification of PML moiety by the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) was implicated, but the degradation pathway involved and the role of PML-RAR catabolism in the response to therapy have remained elusive. We have demonstrated that in response to arsenic, PML SUMOyIation triggers its polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation and the recruitment of RNF4, a SUMO-dependent E3 ubiquitin-ligase, with ubiquitin and proteasomes onto PML nuclear bodies (NBs). We thus identify PML as the first protein degraded by SUMO- dependent poly-ubiquitination. We then clarify the molecular basis of the partners' recruitment onto NBs. We show that both SIM (SUMO-Interacting Motif) and SUMO are NB-targeting signais, suggesting that these two motifs may cooperate to dictate stable NBs localization. In fact, most resident NBs proteins contain both a SUMOyIation site and a SIM domain. Using Daxx and SplOO as models for SUMO/SIM proteins, we show that the PML SIM is dispensable for that process, while PML K160 SUMOyIation is absolutely required. We further demonstrate that NBs consist of a PML/SUMO-2/3 shell associated to the nuclear matrix, and a non- matrix core that accumulates Ubc9, SUMOs, and SUMO/SIM proteins. Thus, this shell could attract the SIM of SUMOylable proteins, whose concentration within the SUMO/Ubc9-rich core could promote their SUMOyIation, ultimately resulting in their sequestration via SUMO/SIM interactions or in their degradation via the RNF4/ubiquitin-mediated pathway
Kamah, Amina. "Identification et caractérisation des modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine TAU : implication dans le processus d'agrégation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10049.
Full textSenile dementia are characterized by protein aggregation such as α-synuclein in Parkinsondisease or β-amyloid peptide and Tau protein in Alzheimer disease. Protein misfolding has beenevoked in the pathological processes even though these proteins do not adopt a stable threedimensionalstructure in solution. Tau protein belongs to the MAP (Microtubule-AssociatedProtein) family. It stimulates tubulin polymerization into microtubule allowing for cytoplasmictransport in cell. Tau and its mutated forms are found in neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathy, the most famous being Alzheimer’s disease. Thesepathologies are characterized by fibrillary aggregates of hyperphosphorylated Tau namedPaired Helical Filaments (PHF) that invades gradually throughout the brain. These observationsare correlated with imbalance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in AD brains.Despites extensive studies, the aggregation mechanism is still not understood and severalpathways were considered, especially posttranslational modifications other thanphosphorylation. We have investigated the modifications of Tau protein by NMR spectroscopyand studied effect of these modifications on aggregation process by spectrophotometry. Amongcovalent modifications, we have studied lysine acetylation and Ser/Thr O-β-Nacétylglucosaminylation.The third investigated modification is the conformational switch ofproline residues catalyzed by a peptidyl prolyl cis trans isomerase
Gabant, Guillaume. "Spectrométrie de masse des modifications induites ou post-traductionnelles de protéines : méthodologie et application à des protéines d’intérêt thérapeutique." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2061/document.
Full textProtein modifications, whether post-translational (PTMs) or chemically induced, play a crucial role on the activity of proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques such as HRMS, CID/ETD MS/MS, and biochemistrybased methods for structural and kinetic characterization of protein-ligand complexes and PTMs have been developed. MS combined with several biochemical tools has been used to sequence the proteinase inhibitor gregline and to detect a novel PTM. A similar approach shows that the transposase MOS1, a model for the design of HIV integrase inhibitors, is both phosphorylated and acetylated. For the lyase Abf2, a strategy of trapping, purification, proteolysis, and DNA hydrolysis of the Abf2-DNA covalent complex, coupled to MS analysis, has been developed. Finally, the interaction between the metastasis suppressor hPEBP1 and locostatin was dissected. Upon binding to hPEBP1, locostatin undergoes hydrolysis. To identify the site targeted by locostatin, the conditions of reaction and proteolysis were optimized. The qualitative approach reveals the presence of non-specific reactions, leading to the development of 1) a mathematical model to determine the optimum bound fraction for discriminating the specific site from non-specific sites, and 2) a method for the parallel and exhaustive quantification of the degree of modification of all modified sites of a protein. These tools are widely applicable to covalent protein ligands and/or PTMs
Ankavay, Maliki. "Étude des modifications post-traductionnelles de la protéine de capside ORF2 du virus de l'hépatite E (HEV)." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S013.
Full textHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major public health problem that affects more than20 million people and kills approximately 70,000 worldwide each year. HEV is the leadingcause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. In France, the seroprevalance of HEV is 22.4% inthe general population. This virus is transmitted by fecal-oral route or by consumption ofundercooked contaminated meat. Very recently, we have described an efficient cell culturesystem to amplify HEV. This system represents a unique tool for characterizing the variousstages of the infectious HEV lifecycle that are very poorly understood to date. As part of mythesis, I focused on the ORF2 capsid protein which is the structural unit of viral particles andis therefore a central player in the HEV lifecycle. ORF2 is a 660 amino acids protein thatcontains a signal peptide and three potential N-glycosylation sites (N1, N2 and N3). My workaimed to identify the role of the ORF2 N-glycosylation in the HEV lifecycle. Our resultsrevealed that the ORF2 protein is N-glycosylated on the N1 and N3 sites, whereas the N2 siteis not N-glycosylated. Also, the N-glycosylation has no significant relevance neither for thestability, oligomerization, antibody recognition of the ORF2 protein nor for viral assemblyand viral infectivity. We also revealed that, the ORF2 protein is translocated into the nucleusof infected cells, independently of N-glycosylation. We identified for the first time afunctional nuclear localization signal (NLS) located at the N-terminus of the ORF2 proteinthat interacts probably with the importin alpha1. Surprisingly, this NLS regulates both nuclearimport and endoplasmic reticulum translocation of the ORF2 protein. Finally, wedemonstrated that, the ORF2 protein possesses three nuclear export signals (NES) located atits C-terminus. The ORF2 protein interacts with the exportin1 and is exported from the cellnuclei. This interaction drives the ORF2 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of theinfected cells. Hence, this study led to new insights into the molecular mechanisms of theORF2 protein and could help to the design of novel antiviral strategies against HEV
Déry, Marc-André. "Étude des modifications post-traductionnelles de la sous-unité HIF-1alpha du facteur de transcription HIF-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27263/27263.pdf.
Full textDavid, Sarah-Anne. "Impact de l'acclimatation embryonnaire à la chaleur sur des modifications post-traductionnelles des histones chez le poulet." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4036.
Full textPerinatal environment changes may alter gene expression throughout life via epigenetic modifications. A strategy to improve thermal tolerance of heat-sensitive chickens is a thermalmanipulation during embryogenesis (TM). During a heat challenge at the end of the rearing period (D35), modifications of gene expression have been reported in thermally-manipulated chickens. These alterations could be linked to epigenetic modifications induced during the TM that persist throughout life. This work focused on two histone post-translational modifications (HPTM): H3K27me3 and H3K4me3. We adjusted two methods of chromatin immunoprecipitation to conduct a whole genome study of these HPTM at D35, in the hypothalamus and skeletal muscle. We demonstrated that the TM has a major impact in the hypothalamus, especially on H3K4me3. These alterations seem to modulate the hypothalamic morphogenesis and its response to hormones, therefore possibly contributing to better adaptive capacities of TM chickens
Craveur, Pierrick. "Analyse de la conformation locale des structures protéiques : irrégularités des feuillets béta, modifications post-traductionnelles et flexibilité." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077154.
Full textI based my work on a representation of proteins developed in the laboratory: the structural alphabet of Protein Blocks (PBs). This alphabet is used to describe and study the local conformations of protein structures. With this representation I have firstly studied the structural irregularities observed in the 13 sheets, the β-bulges. They are described in the literature as conserved among protein families and impacting the structure and function of proteins. I tried to answer the question: are the β-bulges actually conserved within homologs folds? In a second time, I studied the post-translational modifications (PTMs), which essentially correspond to very different modifications of the protein residues. These PTMs are increasingly studied in the structural context, and their impact on the flexibility is more pointed. I have developed a database that curates the structures containing annotated modifications as PTMs. With this data I have tried to answer the question: Did the PTMs affect protein structure? This effect is global or local in protein structure? Finally in the last part of my thesis, I studied the correlation between local conformations and flexibility of the polypeptide backbone. Through numerous molecular dynamics simulations, I have attempted to quantify this correlation, systematically, and in view of the presence of β-bulges and PTMs sites. These works bring a new look on the prediction method developed in the laboratory flexibility
Pratbernou, Françoise. "Détection et localisation de modifications post-traductionnelles ou de mutations sur des protéines par spectrométrie de masse." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30112.
Full textKENIGSBERG, PAUL-ARIEL. "Structure et modifications post-traductionnelles de la chloroperoxydase, une hemoproteine secretee chez le champignon filamenteux caldariomyces fumago." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066479.
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