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Journal articles on the topic 'Modified Bromage scale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Pathak, Nidhi, Tanmay Tiwari, Sweta Singh, Yogesh Kumar Manik, Vipin Kumar Dhama, and Subhash Dahiya. "A clinical comparative study of ropivacaine versus ropivacaine with fentanyl by continuous epidural infusion for post-operative analgesia and ambulation in patients undergoing major gynecological surgery." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 4 (2018): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181356.

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Background: To compare the effect of continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine versus ropivacaine-fentanyl for post-operative analgesia and ambulation in patients undergoing major gynaecological surgeries.Methods: A total of 60 patients of age 20 to 50 yrs of body mass index (BMI) within normal range (18.5to24.9 kg/m2) posted for major gynecological surgeries were divided into two equal groups (Group R and RF) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion. In Group RF (n=30) 0.1% Ropivacaine with 2µg/ml Fentanyl and in Group R (n =30) 0.1% ropivacaine were used. General anaesthesia was

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Shrestha, Rikal Man, Sunita Gurung, Sujan Surya Prajapati, et al. "Hemodynamic changes after spinal anesthesia in children below the age of four years." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 8, no. 2 (2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v8i2.37690.

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Introduction: Introduction: Spinal anesthesia has become the anesthesia of choice for most of the surgeries of the abdominal-pelvic region. Cited with benefits such as lesser risks of apnea, minimal cardiopulmonary alteration, and abnormalities associated with neurocognitive development, it incorporates all components of balanced anesthesia, especially in pediatric surgeries. Encouraging results on the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of spinal anesthesia has increased its utility. The objective of our study was to assess the hemodynamic change occurring in children below four years undergoin

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Ankita, Patel, A. Gajjar Vidhi, A. Shah Vibhuti, et al. "A Randomized Comparative Study of Different Doses of Chloroprocaine for Spinal Anaesthesia." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 2 (2023): 198–206. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11293411.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Regional anaesthesia and analgesia has the potential to provide excellent operating conditions and prolonged post-operative pain relief. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical efficacy of two doses of  chloroprocaine for spinal anaesthesia. <strong>Method: </strong>This randomized prospective observational study included total 60 adult female patients undergoing short elective gynecological procedures, who were equally divided into Group A (receiving  20mg 1% 2-Chloroprocaine ) and Group B (receiving  30mg 1% 2-Chloroproc

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Choudhary, Dr Rupesh, Dr Rahul Sharma, Dr Ankita Jamwal, and Dr Divya Drishti. "To Compare the Onset and Duration of Sensory and Motor Block of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing total Abdominal Hysterectomy." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 3 (2023): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v12i3.976.

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Background: Spinal anaesthesia is commonly used in gynaecological surgeries, with Bupivacaine being the most commonly used anaesthetic. Bupivacaine, on the other hand, has a shorter duration of action. This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the behaviour of intrathecal clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in augmenting block characteristics in patients undergoing gynaecological procedures. Methods: A prospective randomized single blind study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia IGMC SHIMLA at Kamla Nehru state hospital. Results: The mean onset

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Gecaj-Gashi, Agreta, Hasime Terziqi, Tune Pervorfi, and Arben Kryeziu. "Intrathecal clonidine added to small-dose bupivacaine prolongs." Canadian Urological Association Journal 6, no. 1 (2013): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.325.

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Introduction: The aim of this prospective, double-blinded studywas to investigate the effects of clonidine in co-administrationwith bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia, regarding the onset and regression of motor and sensory block, postoperative analgesia and possible side effects.Methods: We randomly selected 66 male patients (age 35 to 70), from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I-II; these patients were scheduled for transurethral surgical procedures. These patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 33 patients each: group B (bupivacaine) only received 0.5% iso

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Ayushi, Pavankumar Singhal, Mehta Sanket, and Patel Alpa. "Comparison of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as an adjuvant to Levobupivacaine for postoperative Analgesia in Knee surgeries of Gujarat Population: Retrospective Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 8 (2024): 1206–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13621610.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Anesthesia for knee surgeries can be administered by various modes. Spinal anesthesia is most commonly used technique because of its quick onset, excellent blockage, low infection risk and affordability. Most widely used drug is hyperbaric Bupivacaine (0.5%). <strong>Method:</strong> Out of fifty (50) patients, 25(Group F) were administered isobaric levobupivacaine (0.5%, 2.8ml) and fentanyl (25mcg, 0.5ml), total volume: 3.3 ml. 25(Group D) were administrated isobaric levobupicaine (0.5%, 2.8 ml) and Dexmedetomidine (10mcg, diluted in normal saline),

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Zhong, Huanhui, Yongdong Wang, Yiqun Wang, and Heng Li. "Effects of 0.15% Ropivacaine Alone and Combination with Sufentanil on Epidural Labor Analgesia and Adverse Reactions." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 5 (2021): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.5.99.

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To compare the effects of 0.15% ropivacaine alone and combination with sufentanil on epidural labor analgesia and adverse reactions. Methods: A total of 297 eligible primiparae were randomly divided into group A (n=149, 0.15% ropivacaine + sufentanil) and group B (n=148, 0.15% ropivacaine). Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores before analgesia and 20 min after epidural medication, and maximum VAS score during labor were observed. The times of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump pressing and remedial analgesia, dosage of analgesic drugs, modified Bromage score, satisfaction degree, duration o

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Patra, Sayak, Ranabir Chanda, and Chaitali Biswas. "Comparison of perineural administration of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine to enhance the quality of supraclavicular brachial plexus nerve block in upper limb surgeries - A prospective, triple-blind, randomized study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 7 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i7.43231.

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Background: Supraclavicular approach of brachial plexus block (BPB) has been in popular choice in recent years for surgical, diagnostic, and therapeutic management of injury and pathology related to upper limb. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine on quality of block and post-operative analgesia in perineural supraclavicular BPB. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, and triple-blind study was done involving 70 patients of age 18–60 years, randomly allocated into two equal groups [group BD- bupi

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Sharma, Sandeep, Mahesh Somani, Madhan Chandramohan, and Lalit Kumar Raiger. "Evaluating the effect of dexmedetomidine premedication on the quality of subarachnoid block, haemodynamics and sedation in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries: a prospective randomized controlled trial." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 12 (2017): 5410. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175465.

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Background: Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of intravenous dexmedetomidine on haemodynamics, sedation and quality of spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine.Methods: Sixty ASA grade 1 and 2, 18-60 years aged patients scheduled for elective lower limb surgeries were randomly divided into two groups: Group C (Control) and Group D (Study), received intravenous normal saline 10ml and intravenous dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg in dilution of 10ml respectively over 10minutes duration, 10minutes before subarachnoid block with 2.5ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The heart rate

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Ravi, Rishabh, Bigen Man Shakya, and Anil Shrestha. "Comparison of single shot caudal Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in paediatric patients undergoing herniotomy." Grande Medical Journal 1, no. 2 (2019): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gmj.v1i2.27056.

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Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a common surgical procedure in children. Caudal block is an appropriate technique for the treatment of post operative pain in children undergoing herniotomy. This study compared the effects of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in caudal block in children undergoing herniotomy. Methodology: A total of 74 patients between 5-16 yrs undergoing herniotomy were randomized in two groups. In Group B, 0.75ml/kg of 0.25% caudal Bupivacaine was administered whereas Group R received 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% caudal Ropivacaine. Pain score was assessed using Wong Baker pain

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Suman Sarkar, Debarati Goswami, Sujan Sarkar, and Sandesh Rathod. "Comparative study between dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant to levobupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 12 (2023): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i12.56262.

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Background: Brachial plexus block (BPB) is widely used nowadays in patients undergoing upper limb surgery. Levobupivacaine is one of the best local anesthetics in the current scenario in this field. Both dexmedetomidine (DM) and dexamethasone (DX) are commonly used local anesthetic adjuvants in BPB to enhance blocking effects. In anesthesiology, there is always a search for a better alternative. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effect of DM and DX as adjuvants to levobupivacaine on the quality of supraclavicular BPB. Materials and Methods: A prospective, double-blind, ra

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Shrestha, Alisha, Abhisesh Shrestha, Anil Shrestha, et al. "Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct to bupivacaine and xylocaine with adrenaline in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgeries." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v9i1.31127.

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Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is widely used for perioperative anesthesia and analgesia. Dexmedetomidine is highly selective alpha-2 receptor agonist which provides analgesia, sedation and anxiolysis. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of addtion of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine and xylocaine with adrenaline in supraclavicular block in upper limb surgeries. Method: This was a comparative study conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal among 44 patients randomly assigned in Group-I (N=22, bupivacaine and xylocaine with adrenaline 28 m

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Sud, Nishit, and Sunil Sinha. "Perioperative effect of dexmedetomidine on quality of analgesia and hemodynamic parameters in vaginal hysterectomy: A tertiary centre experience." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, no. 4 (2021): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.120.

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Vaginal hysterectomy Surgery with long acting local anaesthetic like bupivacaine still requires higher doses of analgesics in the post-operative period. Dexmedetomidine is highly selective αadrenoreceptor agonist and sympatholytic drug is a useful adjunct drug in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy under continuous spinal epidural block (CSE). We sought to study duration of perioperative analgesia, observe the intra-operative and post-operative hemodynamic changes and post-operative sedation effect of dexmedetomidine.: The study groups were divided as Group D (study group) administered 1

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Sane, Shahryar, Shahram Shokouhi, Parang Golabi, Mona Rezaeian, and Behzad Kazemi Haki. "The Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Combination with Bupivacaine on Sensory and Motor Block Time and Pain Score in Supraclavicular Block." Pain Research and Management 2021 (April 10, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8858312.

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Background. Brachial plexus block is frequently recommended for upper limb surgeries. Many drugs have been used as adjuvants to prolong the duration of the block. This study aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine combination and only bupivacaine on sensory and motor block duration time, pain score, and hemodynamic variations in the supraclavicular block in upper extremity orthopedic surgery. Methods. This prospective, double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients, 20 to 60 years old. Patients were candidates for upper extremity orthopedic surgeries. The

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Nikouli, Evangelia, Pelagia Chloropoulou, Georgios Karras, Bulent Kiamiloglou, Christina Tsigalou, and Theodosia Vogiatzaki. "Circadian effects on neural blockade of levobupivacaine and fentanyl intrathecal administration for caesarian section." Folia Medica 64, no. 1 (2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e59831.

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Introduction: Circadian variations in biological rhythms affect the pharmacological properties of many anaesthetic agents, suggesting circadian patterns of local anaesthetics&rsquo; activity in labour pain analgesia, with important differences among diurnal and nocturnal phases. Aim: We examined whether a rhythmic variation of the effect of intrathecal mixture of levobupivacaine and fentanyl exists throughout the day period regarding caesarean sections.&nbsp; Materials and methods: Eighty parturients presented for caesarean section, both urgent and/or elective, were assigned to five eq

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Canakci, Ebru, and Ilker Coskun. "Comparison of ultrasound-guided genicular block vs. intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty: A randomised prospective study." Challenge Journal of Perioperative Medicine 1, no. 2 (2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjpm.2023.02.003.

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Aim: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a major orthopedic surgical procedure often necessitating effective postoperative analgesia. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided genicular block (GB) and intrathecal morphine (ITM) in patients undergoing THA under spinal anesthesia.Method: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was conducted at Ordu University Training and Research Hospital from October 1, 2022, to April 1, 2023. Eligible patients aged 18 to 90 undergoing knee surgery with spinal anesthesia were randomized into two groups: Group ITM received intra

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M., Rajabhushanam, Sunil Kumar K., Syed Ali Aasim, and Venkatesh S. "A comparative study of low doses of intrathecal ketamine and midazolam with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in infraumbilical surgeries." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 2 (2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20190963.

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Background: Infra-umbilical surgeries may be performed under local, regional (spinal or epidural) or general anaesthesia, spinal block is still a first choice, because of its rapid onset, high quality of blockade, lack of catheter related infection, less failure rate and also cost effective but the duration of block and postoperative analgesia is limited. The purpose of study was to compare the efficacy of adding ketamine to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with midazolam to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in elective infraumbilical procedures.Methods: A randomized, single blinded, clinical study. 60 s

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Dhar, Shilaga, and Naine Badrala. "Comparative Study of Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl as Epidural Adjuvants in Abdominal Hysterectomies Using Combined Spinal Epidural Technique - A Randomised Prospective Study." EAS Journal of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care 5, no. 05 (2023): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjacc.2023.v05i05.001.

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Background: Regional anesthesia is defined as loss of sensation in a body produced by administration of anaesthetic agent to the nerves supplying that region. Regional anesthesia whether by spinal, epidural, peripheral nerve blocks offer a number of advantages. Bupivacaine has become standard agent for intrathecal anesthesia. A number of adjuvants can be added to prolong the duration of analgesia. In our study we are comparing fentanyl & dexamedetomidine as an epidural adjuvant to spinal bupivacaine in abdominal hysterectomies. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients scheduled for ab

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Sajita, Jani, Shah Komal, and Bhut Chandrika. "Correlation between Two Monitoring Tools by Subjective and Objective Methods for Evaluation of Adequacy of Brachial Plexus Block: An Observational Study." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 8 (2022): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11559969.

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<strong>Introduction</strong>: Supraclavicular block provides adequate anaesthesia and analgesia but lacking objective methods of assessment, so in this study PI index using pulse oximetry was used to assess the adequacy of block. <strong>Methods</strong>: The study was conducted on 100 patients undergoing elective or emergency orthopaedic procedures under brachial plexus nerve block. After local anaesthetic injection, sensory and motor block  success was assessed every 5min by traditional pinprick and Modified Bromage Scale methods respectively. The PI was recorded at baseline and a

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Lovach-Chepujnoska, Margarita, Jordan Nojkov, Slagjana Joshevska-Jovanovska, and Robert Domazetov. "Continuous Versus Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia for Labour Analgesia and Their Effects on Maternal Motor Function and Ambulation." PRILOZI 35, no. 2 (2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2014-0010.

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Abstract Background and objectives: The advantages of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for delivery compared with continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) have been a point of interest in research obstetric anaesthesia for more than two decades. The aim of this single blind randomized controlled study was to evaluate the incidence of motor block and ability to perform partial knee flexion in women who received CEA or PCEA. Method: Fifty-one healthy nulliparous women were included in this study. After an initial dose and established sensory block at Th 10, parturients were randomized int

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Gowda K, Sunil. "Abstract No.: ABS2482: A comparative study to evaluate the effect of melatonin on blood loss after elective Caesarean section: a randomised double blind study." Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 66, Suppl 1 (2022): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5049.340748.

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Background & Aims: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) being a cause for one-third of obstetric deaths, its prevention helps decreasing blood loss at caesarean section. Melatonin acts on MT1 and MT2 receptors in the myometrium, and similarities between melatonin and oxytocin signaling could lead to increased contractility. Methods: After obtaining informed-written-consent, patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups, of 30 each to receive either melatonin 3mg (group M3), or placebo (group P) orally, 1h before spinal-anaesthesia. Patient was preloaded with 10ml/kg ringer-lactate solution. In opera

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Penta, Sudha Poornima, Sri Archana Rapaka, Rukmini Gaddam, and Samuel Nallappagari. "Comparison of 0.5% lignocaine versus 0.2% ropivacaine in intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier’s block) in upper limb surgeries." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 2 (2024): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2024.075.

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Ropivacaine is a new local anesthetic. it is long acting and it will not affect heart. Its use for epidural anesthesia and blocks for the peripheral nerves is well established. But, data is limited on use and effects of ropivacaine in IVRA. To study if Ropivacaine is a better alternative to Lignocaine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia with respect to efficacy and post-operative analgesia.This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized comparative study carried out among 60 patients of ASA grade 1 or 2 of either sex and age 18-60 years admitted for elective upper limb surgeries. Randomization

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Gautier, Philippe, Marc De Kock, Albert Van Steenberge, Dominique Miclot, Luc Fanard, and Jean Luc Hody. "A Double-blind Comparison of 0.125% Ropivacaine with Sufentanil and 0.125% Bupivacaine with Sufentanil for Epidural Labor Analgesia." Anesthesiology 90, no. 3 (1999): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199903000-00020.

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Background This study intends to evaluate the benefits of the administration of intermittent bolus doses of ropivacaine (0.125%) compared with bupivacaine (0.125%) after addition of sufentanil for analgesia during labor. Methods One hundred thirty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 parturients were studied. The 90 initial patients were assigned randomly to receive 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.125%, plus 7.5 microg sufentanil (initial bupivacaine 0.125% group) or ropivacaine, 0.125%, plus 7.5 microg sufentanil (ropivacaine 0.125% group). Forty additional patients were recruite

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S., Kalyan, and Ch Anil Kumar. "A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study on Spinal Anaesthesia Using Isobaric Levobupivacaine Versus Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (with Fentanyl) in Elective Caesarean Sections." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 11, no. 1 (2022): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2022/22.

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BACKGROUND Bupivacaine being an amide is used in hyperbaric and isobaric forms as a spinal anaesthetic for surgeries requiring regional anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia is an accepted form of anaesthesia for elective and emergency caesarean sections. Bupivacaine used in spinal anaesthesia produces analgesia, anaesthesia, and motor block. Grading the effects of the anaesthetic is based on volume, concentration, and dose. The present study analysed the role of both types of bupivacaine supplemented by fentanyl. Here we wanted to study the anaesthetic effects of isobaric levobupivacaine versus hyp

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Sanjay Melville Masih and Rakesh Kumar Gupta. "Assessment of Outcome of Intrathecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery." Academia Anesthesiologica International 5, no. 1 (2020): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aan.2020.5.1.31.

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Background: The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted among 80 multiparous women ages ranged 18- 40 years. All patients received 0.5 ml of intrathecal injection of 2.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml dexamethasone 4 mg plus a 0.5 ml adjuvant. The adjuvants in group I patients were 100 μg morphine, 25 μg fentanyl in group II, 5 μg dexmedetomidine in group III and normal saline in group IV (control group). The primary and secondary outcome was the duration of

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Xiaotian, Hong, Hong Xiaotian, Wu Yuexiang, Zhou Yike, Min Xinxin, and Bao Jingying. "Effect of epidural pre-injection of low-dose chloroprocaine on analgesia during second parturition." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 7 (2024): 1141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v23i7.13.

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Purpose: To investigate the anesthetic effect of epidural pre-catheterization with low-concentration chloroprocaine during the second parturition. Methods: 180 second-trimester primiparas undergoing epidural analgesia in Maanshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ma'anshan, China were randomly divided into 3 groups, viz, precatheterization with chloroprocaine (group A), routine chloroprocaine (group B), and routine ropivacaine (group C), with 60 patients per group. The time of onset of analgesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, modified Bromage score (MBS) scores, neonatal 1- and 5-

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Imbelloni, MD, PhD, Luiz Eduardo, Anna Lúcia Calaça Rivoli, MD, Sylvio Valença de Lemos Neto, MD, PhD, et al. "Comparison of a fixed dose of 0.15% Hypobaric and 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for shortterm unilateral lower limb orthopedic surgeries.Retrospective study with two videos." Journal of Anesthesia & Critical Care: Open Access 16, no. 5 (2024): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jaccoa.2024.16.00605.

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Background: Unilateral spinal anesthesia in orthopedic surgery of a limb has its advantages, especially in patients undergoing outpatient basis surgeries. Low dose, slow speed of administration and remaining in lateral decubitus for a certain period facilitate unilateral distribution in spinal anesthesia. Isobaric solutions of local anesthetics are not suitable for this type of anesthesia. Hypobaric and hyperbaric solutions of bupivacaine were compared in unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries of one limb on an outpatient basis. Methods: Retrospective study ca

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Sankar, Pal, Karmakar Manas, Das Ashok, and Rudra Jatisankar. "Effect of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine on Duration of Analgesia, Motor and Sensory Blockade and the Intraoperative Hemodynamic Profile of Patients." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 6 (2023): 1910–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12522072.

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<strong>Background: </strong>The addition of dexmedetomidine also allows for a reduction in the total dose of the local anaesthetic used, which translates into better hemodynamic stability in the intraoperative period. Dexmedetomidine has also been shown to have significant analgesic affect in the post-operative period much after the regression of the motor blockade which allows for early and pain free ambulation. In the view of these facts, this study was planned to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine on duration of analgesia, motor and sensory blockade and the intraoperative hemodynam

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Erichsen, Carl-Johan, Jan Sjovall, Henrik Kehlet, Cecilia Hedlund, and Torbjorn Arvidsson. "Pharmacokinetics and Analgesic Effect of Ropivacaine during Continuous Epidural Infusion for Postoperative Pain Relief." Anesthesiology 84, no. 4 (1996): 834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199604000-00010.

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Background The pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of ropivacaine (2.5 mg/ml) during a 24-h continuous epidural infusion for postoperative pain relief in 20 patients scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy were characterized using an open-label, increasing-dose design. Methods Through an epidural catheter inserted at T10-T12, a test dose of 7.5 mg ropivacaine was given 3 min before a bolus dose of 42.5 mg and immediately followed by a 24-h continuous epidural infusion with either 10 or 20 mg/h. Peripheral venous plasma samples were collected up to 48 h after infusion, and urinary excretion was

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Kim, Hye-Jin, Ji-Hye Baek, Seyeon Park, Ji-Uk Yoon, Gyeong-Jo Byeon, and Sang-Wook Shin. "Comparison of Continuous and Programmed Intermittent Bolus Infusion of 0.2% Ropivacaine after Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery." Pain Research and Management 2022 (December 26, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2010224.

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Background. Despite the clinical effectiveness of the programmed intermittent bolus (PIB) method for epidural analgesia, evidence for this method in continuous interscalene brachial plexus block (CIBPB) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pain relief effect after arthroscopic shoulder surgery according to the administration method by comparing the PIB and continuous infusion methods among the administration methods of local anesthetics. Methods. Sixty-four patients aged >19 years scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery were enrolled and divided into two groups. Ultr

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Kharat, Pallavi Amol, and Rajshree Chandrashekhar Deopujari. "A comparison of intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (2021): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210426.

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Background: To compare the onset of action, intensity and duration of motor block of 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective lower abdominal, perineal and lower-limb surgeries.Methods: 70 patients undergoing elective lower abdominal, perineal and lower limb surgery receiving spinal anesthesia were divided randomly into two groups, Group B, (bupivacaine 5 mg/ml with glucose 80 mg/ml;4 ml, and Group R, (ropivacaine 5 mg/ml with glucose 80 mg/ml; 4 ml).Results: The results were analyzed and compared using Chi-square test, student ‘s t-test and Fisher’s exact test

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Sakura, Shinichi, Mariko Sumi, Noriko Morimoto, Yuji Yamamori, and Yoji Saito. "Spinal Anesthesia With Tetracaine in 0.75% Glucose: Influence of the Vertebral Interspace Used for Injection." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 23, no. 2 (1998): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-199823020-00010.

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Background and ObjectivesThe anesthetic behavior and hemodynamic consequences of spinal anesthesia with marginally hyperbaric tetracaine containing a low concentration of glucose injected at two different interspaces were examined and compared with those of conventionally hyperbaric solution.MethodsOne-hundred twenty ASA Physical Status I or II patients scheduled for elective surgery to the lower limb were sequentially assigned to one of three equal groups to receive spinal anesthesia: Group 1 received 0.5% tetracaine in 0.75% glucose with 0.125% phenylephrine at the L2-L3 interspace; group 2

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T J, Samudyatha, Bhargavi Sanket, Triveni M R, Punita Priya S, and Vani N V. "A comparative Study of Epidural Ropivacaine 0.75% Alone and Ropivacaine with Dexmedetomidine for Lower Limb Surgeries." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 8, no. 1 (2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.8121.16.

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Background: Ropivacaine in epidural anaesthesia provides good analgesia, lesser motor blockade and cardiac stability. Addition of adjuvants like dexmedetomidine provides longer duration of analgesia, prolonged motor blockade with adequate sedation. Our study compares Ropivacaine alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine on block characteristics, postoperative analgesia and sedation. Methods: Following institutional ethical committee clearance and patients informed written consent Sixty patients (ASA I, II) aged 18 - 60 years of either sex posted for elective lower abdominal and lower limb

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Praveen, Kumar V., Narayana Sharmila, Priya, Jadeja Priti, and C. Suresh. "Comparison of Isobaric Levobupivacaine 0.5% with Isobaric Ropivacaine 0.5% in Spinal Anaesthesia in Lower Limb Surgeries in Adult Patients." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 14, no. 11 (2024): 152–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14588792.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine are amide local anesthetics with better safety profile as compared to Bupivacaine. This study was performed to compare the anesthetic efficacy and safety of two local anesthetic agents, Isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine and Isobaric 0.5% Levobupivacaine, in patients undergoing elective lower limb surgeries under spinal anesthesia, using 3ml (15mg) of each. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>60 healthy consenting patients meeting our inclusion criteria were selected for the trial and randomly allotted into one of two group

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Krishnendu, Chandra, Sarkar Sandipa, Kr Patra Asis, and Bhattacharya Jayanta. "Comparative Study between the Efficacy of Single Dose Caudal Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine for Post Operative Analgesia after Infraumbilical Surgeries in Children." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 2 (2023): 150–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11285142.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Among all postoperative pain management techniques in paediatric population caudal epidural block has emerged as a safe, effective and preferred technique for postoperative analgesia. Caudal block is easy to perform in children and is associated with fewer complications. In addition, newer agents having lesser cardiotoxicity and motor block have made it more safer. <strong>Objectives: </strong>Our present study was conducted to compare the postoperative analgesic efficacy of two local anaesthetic agents- Bupivacaine and Levobupivacaine used in caudal

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Ahmed, Rezwan, Md Ifran Ahmed, Md Sayed Ali, et al. "Effects of Preemptive Analgesia by Caudal Route using Spinal Column Height Based Formula for Dose Calculation in Paediatric Patients Undergoing Infra Umbilical Surgery." Bangladesh Journal of Pain 4, no. 2 (2024): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.62848/bjpain.v4i2.9235.

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Background: Caudal analgesia is a widely used technique for providing perioperative pain relief in pediatric patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries. However, determining the appropriate dosage of local anesthetic agents can be challenging due to variations in pediatric anatomy and body habitus. Various formulae have been used for dose calculation based on body weight, spinal column height, age of patient, rate of injection etc. It is not possible to address all these factors while constructing these formulae. This study aims to explore that use of spinal column height-based formulae for

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Cherian, Vinod, Sunilkumar T.S., Shamsad Beegum T.S., and Satheedevi P. "A Comparative Study on Intrathecal Hyperbaric and Hypobaric Bupivacaine in Unilateral Lower Limb Surgeries under Lumbar Sub-Arachnoid Block Held at Central Region of Kerala." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 40 (2021): 3454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/626.

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BACKGROUND This study compared the characteristics of hyperbaric and hypobaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing unilateral lower limb surgeries under lumbar subarachnoid block with regard to their onset and level of sensory and motor blockades, haemodynamic stability, and recovery profile in terms of analgesic duration and motor recovery. METHODS This is a comparative study. Two groups, each of 36 patients who satisfied American society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) I & II aged 18 – 65 years, were observed intra operatively and during immediate post-operative period. Group 1 received 2.4 ml

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Higuchi, Hideyuki, Yushi Adachi, and Tomiei Kazama. "Factors Affecting the Spread and Duration of Epidural Anesthesia with Ropivacaine." Anesthesiology 101, no. 2 (2004): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200408000-00027.

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Background Epidural anesthesia has an unpredictable extent and duration. Differences in the surface area of the lumbosacral dura, epidural fat volume, and epidural venous plexus velocity might explain the variability in the extent and duration of epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine. Methods Twenty-six healthy patients, aged 18-45 y, undergoing peripheral orthopedic surgery were enrolled. Dural surface area and posterior epidural fat volume were calculated from low thoracic, lumbar, and sacral axial magnetic resonance images obtained at 8-mm increments. Epidural venous plexus velocity at the L

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Swati, Adivarekar, Taktawale Gajanan, and Gujar Sandhya. "A Comparative Study of 0.5% Bupivacaine and 1% 2-Chloroprocaine for Spinal Anaesthesia in Minor Elective General Surgery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 12 (2024): 1650–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14634612.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Various studies have been conducted to find a safe drug having early onset of action with short duration motor block for day care surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. <strong>Aims and Objective:</strong> To compare the efficacy of intrathecal 1% 2-Chloroprocaine with 0.5% Bupivacaine for minor elective general surgeries. <strong>Method:</strong> A prospective, randomized, double blind comparative study was conducted on 80 ASA grade I/II patients of either sex or age group 18-55 years, undergoing minor surgery under spinal anaesthesia. The

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Zaebha Shah Alam, Pradhan Monnaiah K, Sandeep S Kadam, Hema Viswanath K, Pedapolu Kishore Babu, and Usha Rani S. "A comparative study of efficacy of ropivacaine (0.75%) with adjuvants – dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in supraclavicular brachial plexus block." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2023): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v14i8.3447.

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Background: Brachial plexus block is preferred to general anesthesia (GA) as it reduces many complications of GA, provides good intra and postoperative analgesia, adequate muscle relaxation. Addition of adjuvants along with LA is used to prolong block with improved quality of anesthesia and decrease dose of LA. This study was done to see the efficacy of Ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in terms of duration of action and pain relief. Aims and Objectives: Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl along with Ropivacaine in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries, the onset and duration of sensor

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Zaebha Shah Alam, Pradhan Monnaiah K, Sandeep S Kadam, Hema Viswanath K, Pedapolu Kishore Babu, and Usha Rani S. "A comparative study of efficacy of ropivacaine (0.75%) with adjuvants – dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in supraclavicular brachial plexus block." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i8.54204.

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Background: Brachial plexus block is preferred to general anesthesia (GA) as it reduces many complications of GA, provides good intra and postoperative analgesia, adequate muscle relaxation. Addition of adjuvants along with LA is used to prolong block with improved quality of anesthesia and decrease dose of LA. This study was done to see the efficacy of Ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in terms of duration of action and pain relief. Aims and Objectives: Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl along with Ropivacaine in patients undergoing upper limb surgeries, the onset and duration of sensor

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Dasupuram, Gunapriya, Vani Subrahmaneyswari Kakileti, Barla Arunakumari, and Akhila Dutta. "A Comparative Research between Epidural Analgesia versus Dural Puncture Epidural Analgesia in Labor Analgesia." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 14, no. 2 (2024): 192–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10968617.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>Epidural analgesia (EA) is the gold standard technique; inadequate sacral spread and prolonged labor are the limitations. With this background, a study was conducted to compare the EA with dural puncture EA (DPEA) and 0.125% bupivacaine and fentanyl 1mcg/ml were used. <strong>Methods: </strong>It was a prospective randomized control study conducted in Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. Pregnant women aged <u>></u>18 years, ASA grade I and II, singleton studycy with vertex presentation with cervical dilatation of 3 – 5 cm and witho

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Muaziz, Syed Israr, Muhammad Javed Khan, Umbrin Naz, and Syed Hassan Iftikhar. "FREQUENCY OF FAILED SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN OBSTETRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING CESAREAN SECTION." Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation 3, no. 2 (Health & Allied) (2025): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.71000/tagaxr51.

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Background: Spinal anesthesia is the preferred technique for cesarean sections due to its rapid onset, effective analgesia, and reduced risks compared to general anesthesia. However, spinal anesthesia failure can necessitate conversion to general anesthesia, posing significant clinical and medicolegal concerns. Various factors, including patient physiology, procedural conditions, and anesthetic expertise, contribute to failure. Understanding these determinants is essential for optimizing anesthesia management and improving maternal outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the frequency of failed

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Nida Shahid, Nurul-Haq, Syed Hamid Ali, Asim Masroor Rashid, Syed Nusrat Ali Jafri, and Rizwan Afzal. "Comparison of Mean Onset of Motor and Sensory Block of Isobaric Ropivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for Elective Caesarean Sections at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi." ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE 24, no. 3 (2019): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v24i3.4.

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Objective: To compare the mean onset time of motor and sensory block of Isobaric Ropivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for elective caesarean sections at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Methods: A double blinded Randomized control trial study carried out over the period of six months, from August 2016 to January 2017 using non probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 128 pregnant women planned for LSCS under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group B and Group R) receiving equipotent doses of spinal anaesthetic d

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Soulioti, Eleftheria, Athanasia Tsaroucha, Alexandros Makris, et al. "Addition of 100 mg of Tramadol to 40 mL of 0.5% Ropivacaine for Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block Improves Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgeries as Compared to Ropivacaine Alone—A Randomized Controlled Study." Medicina 55, no. 7 (2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070399.

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Background and objectives: Brachial plexus block is commonly used in shoulder surgery, as it provides satisfactory surgical conditions and adequate postoperative pain control. However, there are contradictory reports regarding the addition of tramadol to the injected regional anesthetic solution. We performed a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness of tramadol as an adjuvant to ropivacaine during interscalene brachial plexus block and assess its impact on the opioid consumption and the early postoperative pain in patients that underwent shoulder surgery. Materials and Meth

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Ambreen, Ashraf, Jabeen Misbah, Nazir Shahdhar Adnan, Meer Mehreen, and Irshad Ahmad Sheikh. "Comparison of the Effect of Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine-Magnesium Sulfate Combination and Intrathecal Dexmedetomidine Alone on Subarachnoid Blockade with 0.75% Isobaric Ropivacaine in Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomised Double Blind Study." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 11 (2024): 492–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14251323.

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<strong>Background, Aims & Objectives</strong><strong>:</strong> Intrathecal local anesthetic alone is associated with relatively short duration of action and early analgesic intervention is needed in post-operative period. The addition of adjuvants provides a dose sparing effect of local anesthetics and accelerates the onset of sensory blockade as well as prolongs the duration of spinal block for long procedures and also provides postoperative pain relief. The aim of this study was to study the adjuvant effect of magnesium sulfate on ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine combination when u

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Haleem, Shahla, Ahmad Ozair, Abhishek Singh, Muazzam Hasan, and Manazir Athar. "Postoperative urinary retention: A controlled trial of fixed-dose spinal anesthesia using bupivacaine versus ropivacaine." Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology 36 (February 18, 2020): 94–99. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_221_18.

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<strong>Background and Aims</strong>:  Following spinal anesthesia (SA), patient discharge is often delayed due to postoperative urinary retention (POUR), the incidence of which varies widely. The present study of bupivacaine versus ropivacaine in equianalgesic doses was taken to explore the correlation between time to void urine and time for complete f

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Hossain, Shahadat, Montosh Kumar Mondal, Beauty Rani Roy, Jesmin Akter, AKM Akhtaruzzaman, and Wahiuddin Mahmood. "Effect of magnesium sulphate on quality of subarachnoid block in terms of onset and duration of motor and sensory block, APGAR score of the neonate and haemodynamic status of the patient." Journal of the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 24, no. 2 (2014): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v24i2.19800.

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Background In obstetrics, pregnancy induced hypertension is still a burning question and complicates a large number of pregnancies in developing countries. Chance of hypotension is more in patients getting magnesium sulfate with subarachnoid block but it may be managed with adequate preloading and by pressor agent ephedrine. Objectives This study was designed to observe the effect of magnesium sulphate on quality of subarachnoid block in terms of onset and duration of motor and sensory block, APGAR score of the neonates and haemodynamic status of the patients. Methods Sixty parturients undergo

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Xiao, Yi, Li Tian, and Xiuyun Liu. "Kinetic mechanism on elemental mercury adsorption by brominated petroleum coke in simulated flue gas." RSC Advances 12, no. 26 (2022): 16386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02318k.

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Shahi, Sina, Mohammad J. Zohuriaan-Mehr, and Hossein Omidian. "Antibacterial superabsorbing hydrogels with high saline-swelling properties without gel blockage: Toward ideal superabsorbents for hygienic applications." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 32, no. 2 (2016): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911516658782.

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Superabsorbent polymer hydrogels with antibacterial activity were prepared by an ion exchange reaction as a feasible approach to induce high saline absorption without gel blockage. Hydroethanolic solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were used to modify surface particles of cross-linked sodium acrylate- co-acrylic acid copolymers which already synthesized under defined conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the structural characteristic of the finished products. The influence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on free (in water) and loaded (in saline) sw

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