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Cohen, Sandra, and Sotirios Karatzimas. "Accounting information quality and decision-usefulness of governmental financial reporting." Meditari Accountancy Research 25, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-10-2015-0070.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide an assessment of the decision-usefulness and quality of governmental financial reports in Greece under the recently adopted modified-cash basis. The evaluation is performed within the wider debate regarding the actual benefits of a transition toward an accounting paradigm that lies closer to accrual accounting as the Greek modified-cash basis borrows several accrual characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The transition to modified accruals is analyzed through the prism of the new institutional theory. The approach adopted builds on the characteristics of the accounting information pertaining to the conceptual frameworks of public and private sector accounting standard setting bodies. The assessment is conducted on the basis of the perceptions of public sector financial information users on a Web-based questionnaire. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence, albeit of moderate magnitude, in favor of the benefits associated with a move to full accruals. Originality/value The study moves the debate on the merits of accounting systems’ changes toward the worldwide witnessed trajectory a step forward by providing practical evidence on the matter.
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Plummer, Elizabeth, Paul D. Hutchison, and Terry K. Patton. "GASB No. 34's Governmental Financial Reporting Model: Evidence on Its Information Relevance." Accounting Review 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 205–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.1.205.
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This study uses a sample of 530 Texas school districts to investigate the information relevance of governmental financial statements published under Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 34 (GASB No. 34). Specifically, we examine whether the new government-wide statements provide information relevant for assessing a government's default risk, and if this information is incremental to that provided by the governmental funds statements. GASB No. 34 requires governments to publish governmental funds statements prepared on a modified accrual basis, and government-wide statements prepared on an accrual basis. We find that GASB No. 34's Statement of Net Assets (similar to a corporation's balance sheet) provides information relevant for assessing default risk, and this information is incremental to that provided by the governmental funds statements. However, GASB No. 34's Statement of Activities (similar to a corporation's income statement) does not provide information relevant for assessing default risk. The accrual “earnings” measure is not more informative than the modified-accrual “earnings” measure. A government's modified accrual earnings measure can be thought of as a type of measure of changes in working capital. Therefore, our results are consistent with research on corporate entities that attributes the superiority of earnings over cash flows primarily to working capital accruals and not long-term accruals. For our sample of school districts, evidence suggests that total net assets from the government-wide Statement of Net Assets, along with a measure of modified-accrual “earnings” from the governmental funds statement, provide the best information for explaining default risk.
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Riahi‐Belkaoui, Ahmed. "Accrual Accounting, Modified Cash Basis of Accounting and the Loan Decision: An Experiment in Functional Fixation." Managerial Finance 18, no. 5 (May 1992): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013691.
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Shonhadji, Nanang. "ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING & FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR TO ENHANCE ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY (REFRAMING IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA)." EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 14, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2010.v14.i1.2110.
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Implementation modified cash basis at public sector in Indonesia have adopted to implement accrual accounting and financial reporting as the basis for their reformed accounting policy. Public administration in Indonesia has changed dramatically since 1999. The country has gone through one of the fastest and most comprehensive devolution reforms ever seen. Managerial and financial responsibilities have been decentralized from central government, mostly to local government at the district level. Under accrual accounting, government reports financial flows in terms of an operating statement equivalent to a business profit and loss statement. If the budget operating balance is zero, then this year's operating expenses are being fully covered by this year's revenue. Expenses are not the same as outlays so expenses measure this year's costs of production, whereas outlays does not. Prior to the introduction of accrual accounting, the Indonesian government have fiscal policy indicator which underlying cash balance. It was the cash budget balance which the local government. With the arrival of accrual accounting, however, the cash budget balance has been supplanted in this context. This helps us to compare the cash budget balance with fiscal balance. This phenomenon has been widely debated in public management circles, and within the academic literature. Many of these debates however, have been arid and narrowly technically focused. This paper reviews the harmonization process of Indonesian local public sector accounting suppose some main adjustments regarding and prepared exposures draft to harmonize this problem
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Poljašević, Jelena, Vesna Vašiček, and Tatjana Jovanović. "Comparative review of dual reporting in public sector in three south-east European countries." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 31, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-02-2019-0035.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the application of budgeting and accounting bases and their relation to financial accounting reporting systems through a comparative survey of three South-Eastern European countries (Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina – the Entity of the Republic of Srpska). Design/methodology/approach The in-depth analysis based on the study of related literature and comprehensive review of existing indicators of accounting systems leads to the identification and characterization of the most important components of the government accounting systems’ focusing also on the information usefulness in the decision-making processes. Findings Dual reporting based on different bases is the main feature of the accounting information system of selected countries. Budgetary reports based on a cash basis represent the primary source of information for decision making. Selected jurisdictions started with the preparation and presentation of financial reports based on the accrual/modified accrual basis which was not the result of the informational needs of decision-makers, so the information themselves have become their own purpose. Practical implications By exploring the opportunities and obstacles in the implementation of the accrual basis in the selected countries, the paper contributes to the development of the EPSAS project. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on the application of various budgeting and accounting bases, with an emphasis on research of the similarities and differences of the reporting methods, for the purpose of distinguishing more easily two basic types of reports and, consequently, identifying their appropriate use.
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Scott, Deon, Christa Wingard, and Marilene Van Biljon. "Challenges with the financial reporting of biological assets by public entities in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i1.1339.
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Fair value accounting of biological assets in the public sector was introduced with the adoption of the public-sector-specific accounting standard: Generally Recognised Accounting Practice (GRAP) 101. The public sector currently reports on various bases of accounting. Public entities and municipalities report in terms of accrual accounting, and government departments report on the modified cash basis. The lack of a uniform basis of accounting impedes the comparability of financial information. The implementation of GRAP 101 in the public sector is important in facilitating comparability of financial information regarding biological assets. This paper is based on a content analysis of the annual reports of 10 relevant public entities in South Africa and specifically details the challenges that public entities encounter with the application of GRAP 101. These challenges, and how they were addressed by a public entity that adopted and applied GRAP 101, namely the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative South Africa – Eastern Cape (AsgiSA-EC), are documented in this research.
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Almaharmeh, Mohammad I., Adel Almasarwah, and Ali Shehadeh. "Mandatory IFRS Adoption and Real/Accruals Bases Earnings Management in the UK." ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 10, no. 1 (2021): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2021.10.1.002.
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Here, the link between the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Real Earnings Management (REM), as well as Accrual Earnings Management (AEM), will be examined for non-financial listed firms in the London Stock Exchange. Robust regression analysis of the mandatory IFRS adoption will be conducted on the panel data, as well as earnings management using three AEM models and three REM models. Mixed results with respect to the qualities of AEM and REM were notably garnered, with mandatory IFRS adoption positively relating to the Roychowdhury of abnormal cash flow and the Roychowdhury of abnormal production. Meanwhile, the Roychowdhury of abnormal discretionary expenses, standard Jones, and Kothari negatively related to mandatory IFRS adoption, whilst modified Jones showed an insignificant relation to mandatory IFRS adoption. Changes in IFRS adoption and guidelines for UK firms may have an impact on AEM and REM, and, as predicted, mandatory IFRS adoption mostly affects the Kothari model followed by the standard Jones model as proxies for accounting earnings quality.
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Cohen, Sandra, Antonella Costanzo, and Francesca Manes-Rossi. "Auditors and early signals of financial distress in local governments." Managerial Auditing Journal 32, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-05-2016-1371.
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Purpose This study aims to analyze whether and how a set of financial ratios calculated on the basis of financial statement information would allow auditors of Italian local governments (LGs) to get an indication of LGs’ financial distress risk and, hence, to support politicians and managers in promptly detecting financial distress. Design/methodology/approach A model comprising a set of financial indicators that would distinguish distressed from not distressed LGs through a logistic regression approach has been estimated and applied to Italian LGs. The model is built on the basis of information pertaining to 44 distressed and 53 not distressed LGs for up to five years prior to bankruptcy and covers the period 2003-2012. Findings The model reveals that the percentage of personnel expenses over revenues, the turnover ratio of short-term liabilities over current revenues and the reliance on subsidies (calculated as subsidies per capita) are factors discriminating non-distressed LGs from the distressed ones. Practical implications The model could have political and practical implications. The possible use of this model as a complementary tool in auditing activities might be helpful for auditors in detecting financial distress promptly, thus potentially enabling politicians and managers to search for different ways to manage public resources to avoid the detrimental consequences related to the declaration of distress. Originality/value This model, contrary to existing models that use accrual accounting data, is applicable to LGs that adopt a modified cash accounting basis.
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Clikeman, Paul M. "North Pole Car Wash: A Teaching Case Demonstrating The Advantages Of Accrual Basis Accounting." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 14, no. 3 (July 26, 2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v14i3.10195.
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Given the significance of accrual accounting to financial reporting, it is important for students to understand why accounting standard setters have chosen accrual basis over cash basis accounting. This teaching case illustrates the superiority of accrual basis earnings over cash flows when financial statement users wish to evaluate past operating performance and/or predict future performance. The case, which requires only 20-25 minutes of class time, enables students to discern for themselves the relative advantages of accrual accounting.
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Wang, Ting J. (TJ). "A Conceptual Framework For The Indirect Method Of Reporting Net Cash Flow From Operating Activities." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v3i12.961.
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This paper describes the fundamental concept of the reconciliation behind the indirect method of the statement of cash flows. A conceptual framework is presented to demonstrate how accrual- and cash-basis accounting methods relate to each other and to illustrate the concept of reconciling these two accounting methods. The conceptual framework recognizes additional categories of effects defined in the Accounting Standards Codification 230-10-45-28 and International Accounting Standards 7.18 (Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95) in regard to the indirect method, which makes the concept of reconciliation between the accrual- and cash-basis more thorough and complete. The paper provides an approach to teaching the concept of the reconciliation of accrual- and cash-based accounting methods.
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Mandasari, Jayanti, and Zulkifli Zulkifli. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penerapan Akuntansi Akrual Pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bantul." Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 5, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v5i1.287.
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The purposes of this study are : 1. to analyze the influence between the education level of financial staff on the application of accrual accounting. 2. to analyze the effect of the experience of running the cash basis toward accruals on the accrual accounting application. This research design is quantitative research by using regression test, where the principal data from samples of a population is collected by distributing questionnaire instrument. Hypothesis testing performed by Multiple Linear Regression was used to test the effect between variables of education staff finance level (X1) and experience running cash basis toward Accrual (X2) on Accrual Accounting (Y) application. The results of this study indicate that: a) The level of education of financial staff (X1) has a positive influence on the application of accrual accounting (Y). This is indicated by the results of research showing that staff education level has an explanation power of 59.3%. b) The result of experience analysis running cash basis toward accrual (X2) show value t count equal to 4,744 with sig. 0,000. Therefore the value of sig. <0.05 then Ho is rejected, which means experience running the cash basis (X2) has a positive effect on the application of accrual accounting (Y).
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Mandasari, Jayanti, and Zulkifli Zulkifli. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI AKRUAL PADA PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN BANTUL." Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Widya Wiwaha Program Magister Manajemen 5, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32477/jrm.v5i1.44.
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The purposes of this study are : 1. to analyze the influence between the education level of financial staff on the application of accrual accounting. 2. to analyze the effect of the experience of running the cash basis toward accruals on the accrual accounting application. This research design is quantitative research by using regression test, where the principal data from samples of a population is collected by distributing questionnaire instrument. Hypothesis testing performed by Multiple Linear Regression was used to test the effect between variables of education staff finance level (X1) and experience running cash basis toward Accrual (X2) on Accrual Accounting (Y) application. The results of this study indicate that: a) The level of education of financial staff (X1) has a positive influence on the application of accrual accounting (Y). This is indicated by the results of research showing that staff education level has an explanation power of 59.3%. b) The result of experience analysis running cash basis toward accrual (X2) show value t count equal to 4,744 with sig. 0,000. Therefore the value of sig. <0.05 then Ho is rejected, which means experience running the cash basis (X2) has a positive effect on the application of accrual accounting (Y).
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Grippo, Frank J., John Ted Ibex, and Sia Nassiripour. "Cooper Machinery, Inc." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2005): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v1i4.4930.
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This case emphasizes one of the most important analytical tools that an accounting graduate should possess. It is the opinion of the authors that an accounting graduate should be able to convert from the accrual basis of accounting to the cash basis. A solid understanding of this area and others, such as time value of money concepts, is necessary in order for one to consider himself/herself accounting literate. The purpose of this case is to evaluate and help students understand the relationship between the balance sheet, statement of income, and statement of cash flows in addition to the theory and mechanics of converting from the accrual basis of accounting to the cash basis. Furthermore, it helps students develop analytical skills and form an opinion about the usefulness of the direct method presentation of the statement of cash flows compared to the indirect method. Thus students are forced to complete missing information on the balance sheet, statement of income, and statement of cash flow by deducing which transactions occurred. The assumption used in the case is that the company employs the accrual basis of accounting. There were no cash sales or expenses paid in cash.
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Asirah, Andi, and Andi Ratna Sari. "The Application of Accounting Standards in Government Accounting Accrual Basis: Health Laboratory Center for Makassar." Business and Economic Research 9, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15587.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the constraints in the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis as well as to analyze the efforts made to overcome the existing obstacles in the implementation of Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis. The Indonesian Governmental Accounting Standards Committee (KSAP) has compiled the Government Accounting Standards (SAP) accrual established by Government Regulation Number. 64 of 2013 replacing by the Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010. With the enactment of Government Regulation No. 64 of 2013, the application of accrual-based government accounting standards already have a legal basis. The enactment of Government Regulation No. 64 Year 2013 on Government Accounting Standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis brought major changes in the financial reporting system in Indonesia, which is a change from Cash Basis Accrual Basis Full towards the recognition of government financial transactions. Health laboratory center for Makassar has implemented Cash to Accrual (CTA) in 2011 until 2013.Implemented government accounting standards (SAP) based on the accrual basis in the accrual-based financial statements in 2014 is a qualified opinion (WDP ) acquired by the Health laboratory center for Makassar on The Audit Board of The Republic Indonesia (BPK) audit report on the financial statements 2016 illustrate unmet reasonable levels of information presented for a particular item. From the research will be found two (2) factors; Regional Working Unit (SKPD) Health Laboratory Center for Makassar obstacles encountered in implementing accrual-based government accounting system (SAP), human resources financial managers, and human resource asset managers who often alternated. In this study, researchers found the effort / solution by the Health Laboratory Center for Makassar on obstacles in implementing accrual-based SAP in the preparation of financial statements, namely: education and training.
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Zawitri, Sari, Ninik Kurniasih, and Theresia Siwi Kartikawati. "Penerapan Sistem Akuntansi Instansi Berbasis Akrual Sebagai Implementasi PP No. 71 Tahun 2010 pada Politeknik Negeri Pontianak." Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v4i1.11459.
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The government regulation (PP) number 71 year 2010 is a new regulation standard of accounting in the public sector. The new regulation standard that inspiring the writers to the research title: Penerapan Sistem Akuntansi Instansi Berbasis Akrual sebagai Implementasi PP nomor 71 tahun 2010 pada Politeknik Negeri Pontianak. The Problems are formulated as (1) The changes of institutional accounting system (SAI) PP 24 year 2005 into PP 71 year 2010 or cash toward accrual into accrual basis? (2) How preparation and the application transition accrual basis institutional accounting system (SAI) or implementation PP 71 year 2010 of the Politeknik Negeri Pontianak? It’s concern to disclosure and measurement of Asset, Liabilities, Earned, and Expense. This the exploratory research method which is narrative and descriptive approach with the Politeknik Negeri Pontianak is an object. The results, as form of adjustment in order to change cash toward accrual into accrual basis, accrual accounting recognizes revenues by treasurer expenditure with adding income that still must be accepted in the accounting period during which the service is performed and/or adding unearned revenue. Politeknik Negeri Pontianak almost meets the six conditions that must have preparation and the application transition cash toward accrual into accrual basis of institutional accounting system as implementation PP 71 year 2010 be general conclusion of this research. Writers suggested all parties related in an accounting system institutional of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak commitment to keeping together in the process of financial reporting with accrual basis.
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Trisnawati, Novi. "IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH (SAP) BERBASIS AKRUAL DI INDONESIA." Manajemen & Bisnis Jurnal 5, no. 2 (September 11, 2019): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37303/embeji.v5i2.90.
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Accrual-based accounting system is a modern accounting system that is widely applied in developed countries. While Indonesia has been using an accrual-based accounting system in the private sector for a long time. however, for the government sector, before 2010 Indonesia still used cash basis and cash toward accrual basis. But after the issuance of PP 71 of 2010 all government sectors are required to use an accrual basis to prepare their financial statements. The application of the accrual basis is expected to be able to improve the performance of government units. This improvement will be demonstrated by the better opinion obtained on financial statements, both LKPP and LKKL. And the improved opinion obtained will increase public confidence in the government regarding the use of funds that have been obtained from them. Therefore, for the implementation of accrual basis accounting to be fully implemented, several requirements are needed, including: (1) Improvements that must be made to an adequate accounting system and accounting technology, including a reliable internal control system; (2) The availability of competent accountants as adequate HR requirements; (3) Appropriate strategies are used for applying the accrual basis; (4) political commitment; and (5) communicating the purpose of applying this basis.
Keywords: government accounting standard, accrual based accounting
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Riyani, Yani, Bob Mustafa, and Linda Suherma. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI AKRUAL PADA PEMERINTAH KOTA PONTIANAK." Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia 6, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jai.6.2.157-166.
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This study aims to determine the extent of implementation of accrual accounting and the factors that influencethe level of implementation of accrual accounting in Pontianak. This research is a survey by means of collectingdata using questionnaires. The samples used were financial staff that makes the financial statements at 16 SKPD inPontianak. The analytical tool used is multiple regression analysis. The level of implementation is measured usingnine indicators adopted by the Government Accounting Standards based on Government Regulation No. 71 of2010 consists of revenue recognition (LO), Recognition load, Valuation and Presentation of Accounts Receivable,Recognition load inventory, assessment of fixed assets, depreciation of fixed assets, recognition of liabilities,Presentation of operational reports and presentation of changes in equity. The study found that the level ofimplementation of accrual accounting in Pontianak at 93.09%, and there are four factors that affect the applicationof accrual accounting in Pontianak is the level of education finance staff, the experience of running the cash to theaccrual accounting system, leadership and educational background the size of the labor force.Keyword : Cash Basis, Accrual Basis, Cash toward Accrual.
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Sa'diyah, Dian Islamiatus, and Indrawati Yuhertiana. "Changes in the Recording of Cash-Based Accounting Methods to Accrual Base." International Journal of Community Service & Engagement 2, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47747/ijcse.v2i2.248.
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This study aims to determine changes in public sector accounting from cash basis to accrual basis and which one is better than the two bases. This study uses a qualitative method through literature study that combines a number of reliable data sources such as journals, books, articles, legislation, research results and those relevant to the problem being studied, where 12 of the 42 articles were selected and published between the 2013-2018 period. . The change in cash basis reform towards accruals consists of 3 phases, namely the pre-autonomy era, the transition era and the post-regional autonomy era. Of the two bases, the accrual basis is better because the accrual basis produces more transparent accounting reports for the sake of realizing good governance.
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Kwon, Young K. "Accrual versus cash-basis accounting methods: An agency-theoretic comparison." Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 8, no. 4 (December 1989): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4254(89)90015-x.
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., Suryanto. "TINJAUAN IMPLEMENTASI AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN BERBASIS AKRUAL DI INDONESIA." AdBispreneur 2, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/adbispreneur.v2i3.16490.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study to determine the management of state finances in Indonesia associated with the government accounting system used. This research is a type of research of literature study using a qualitative approach. The data were obtained from various sources of reference, such as journals, expert statements, and media references. The results show that the Indonesian government in its accounting system is still based on Government Regulation No. 24 of 2005 which is the cash base toward accrual (cash toward accrual). However, Due to the growing demands of the community and the encouragement of international institutions to apply the accrual basis, the Indonesian government continues to improve its accounting system. It encouraged the government in 2010 through the Government Accounting Standards Committee to issue accrual based government accounting standards established through Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 on Government Accounting Standards superseding Government Regulation No. 24 of 2005. The Government of Indonesia has implemented reforms in the field of accounting with the necessity setting up accrual basis accounting. The use of an accrual basis is one of the characteristics of modern financial management practices in the public sector that aims to provide more transparent information. But in reality, the application of accrual-based accounting system is still a lot of constraints on the human resources sector. Keywords : Accrual basis, cash basis, government accounting system ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengelolaan keuangan negara di Indonesia terkait dengan sistem akuntansi pemerintahan yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian studi literatur dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber referensi baik jurnal, pernyataan para ahli, maupun referensi dari media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia dalam sistem akuntansinya masih berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2005 yaitu basis kas menuju akrual (cash toward accrual). Namun, Karena adanya tuntutan dari masyarakat yang semakin kuat dan adanya dorongan dari lembaga-lembaga internasional untuk menerapkan basis akrual, maka pemerintah Indonesia terus berupaya memperbaiki sistem akuntansinya. Hal tersebut mendorong pemerintah pada tahun 2010, melalui Komite Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan menerbitkan standar akuntansi pemerintahan berbasis akrual yang ditetapkan melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan menggantikan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 2005. Pemerintah Indonesia telah melaksanakan reformasi di bidang akuntansi dengan keharusan menerapan akuntansi berbasis akrual. Penggunaan basis akrual merupakan salah satu ciri dari praktik manajemen keuangan modern di sektor publik yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang lebih transparan. Namun kenyataannya penerapan sistem akuntansi berbasis akrual tersebut masih banyak kendala pada sektor sumber daya manusianya. Kata kunci : Basis akrual, basis kas, sistem akuntansi pemerintahan
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Pratiwi, Yuri, and Bambang Pamungkas. "Analisis Pengakuan Pendapatan, Belanja, dan Pembiayaan Daerah Pada Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bogor." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Kesatuan 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 059–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37641/jiakes.v2i1.46.
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Recognition of Revenue, Expenditure, and Financing Area applied by the Bogor City Government is using cash basis toward accrual and the cash basis for the recognition and measurement of revenue, expenditure, and financing as well as the accrual basis for the recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, and equity. Policies, recording, and accounting report for revenue, expenditure, and financing areas that applied by the Bogor City Government is in conformity with PSAP No. 02 by PP No. 24 of 2005 about Government Accounting Standards. Where for the recognition of revenue, expenditure, and financing areas, recognition using the cash basis. While the measurement of income, expenditure, and financing of used area using the currency. While the revenue, expenditure, and financing areas measured in foreign currency must be converted into rupiah at Bank Indonesia middle rate on the transaction date. Accounting records for revenue, expenditure, and financing areas that applied by the Bogor City Government is fully in accordance with the PSAP No. 02 by PP No. 24 of 2005. Where records for revenue, expenditure, and financing area, the recording using the cash basis
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Mabrur, Azas, and Siswanto Siswanto. "PENGAKUAN DAN PENGUKURAN BELANJA SUBSIDI ENERGI BERBASIS AKRUAL – STUDI KASUS TAHUN 2015." JURNAL MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PUBLIK 1, no. 2 (November 11, 2017): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jmkp.v1i2.147.
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Subsidy spending has a large share in the state budget (APBN). Thereby affecting the audit results by Supreme Auditor on government financial reports (LKPP). with the implementation of accrual-based government accounting in 2015, subsidy spending not only records transactions/activities based on cash flow but also non-cash transaction such as subsidy expenses and subsidy payable. This study aims to determine the implementation of the accrual basis on the accounting of energy subsidy spending.This study examines whether the recognition and measurement of energy subsidy spending, energy subsidy expenses and energy subsidy obligations have been presented in accordance with accrual-based government accounting standard and whether the recognition and measurement issues set out in the relevant Ministry of Finance Regulation (PMK) are in conformity with the accrual basis of accounting principles.The results show that the accounting of energy subsidy spending has been implemented in accordance with the PMK. However, the results also show that the PMK that regulates the accounting and financial reporting system of accrual-based subsidy spending still needs improvement.The necessary improvements are related to the recognition of subsidy expense over a period, the measurement of subsidy expenses, and the mechanism of subsidy payable disposal.
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Joudeh, Omar Abed Awad, Firas S. Q. Barakat, and Oroubah A. R. Mahmoud. "The Effect of Using Accounting Measurement Bases (Cash and Accrual) on the Performance of the Industrial Companies Listed on Palestine Stock Exchange." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n3p393.
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This study aimed to measure the performance of the Palestinian industrial corporations, a sample of 13 industrial companies listed on Palestine Stock Exchange had selected for the period between 2009 and 2018, researchers used multiple linear regression analysis to create two models representing the financial performance on accrual and cash basis, return on assets (ROA) was the dependent variable, The independent variables of the accrual based model included: current ratio, net profit margin, return on capital employed, debt to assets and interest coverage ratios, all of them had significant impact on ROA. The cash-based model included: cash to current liabilities, cash to sales, cash to working capital, cash to debt, and cash interest coverage ratios, all of them except debt to assets had significant impact on ROA. Comparison between previous models showed that accrual based model had better performance in explaining changes in ROA.
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Wibowo, Karno Pandu. "Kegunaan Informasi Akuntansi dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Internal oleh Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (UAKPA)." Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v2i4.39.
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This study aims to determine the usefulness level of accounting information (on cash basis and accrual basis) in central goverment agencies internal decision-making process. In addition, this study also aims to determine the influence of the organization’s external factors, the organization's internal factors and Individual Actor’s Characteristic Related Factors on the level of use of accounting information in central goverment agencies internal decision making.The research show that level of accrual accounting information use in the context of internal decision making is high. In addition it showed differences between level of cash-based accounting information use and accrual-based accounting information use. This study also addressed that the organization’s external factors, the organization's internal factors and individual actor’s characteristic related factors significantly influence both level of accounting information use on cash basis and accrual basis in the internal decision-making. Except for the organization’s external factors did not significantly affect the level of accrual accounting information use in the internal decision-making. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kegunaan informasi akuntansi (berbasis kas dan akrual) dalam proses pengambilan keputusan internal Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (UAKPA). Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor eksternal organisasi, faktor internal organisasi dan faktor karakteristik individu pengguna terhadap tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi dalam pengambilan keputusan internal Unit Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (UAKPA).Temuan peneliti menunjukan bahwa tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi berbasis akrual tinggi dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan internal. Selain itu penelitian menunjukan adanya perbedaan tingkat penggunaan antara informasi akutansi berbasis kas dan informasi akutansi berbasis akrual. Penelitian juga menujukan bahwa faktor eksternal organisasi, faktor internal organisasi dan faktor karakteristik individu pengguna berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi (berbasis kas dan akrual) dalam pengambilan keputusan internal. Kecuali untuk faktor eksternal organisasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat penggunaan informasi akuntansi akrual dalam pengambilan keputusan internal.
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Permana, Arieffin Dian. "PENERAPAN APLIKASI SAIBA UNTUK PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 14, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v14i1.2512.
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ABSTRACT Information technology (IT) have a great impact to all over environmental society, especially for bussines and accounting. Nowdays, information technology is already used in government sectors. Society are prosecute government sektors works efficiently and effectively to give a excellent public services, because the objectives of government sectors is to produce better pulic services. One of government sectors responsibility for society is to produce financial statement. Financial statement represent the performance of government sectors. Financial statement is arranged according to goverment standards and laws. Implementation of good governance in government sectors, makes a great revolution on government accounting basis. Prior the implementation of good governance, accounting basis for government sectors is a cash basis. Now the standards requires accrual basis to be used in addition to report financial statement. This differences makes a adjustments are needed on the government financial reporting process. Then, government launch SAIBA (Sistem Akuntansi Instansi Berbasis Accrual) to accommodate this conditions. The writer main focussed is to describe the characteristic, advantages, and disadvantages of application but not how to this applications works. Keywords : Information Technology, Good Governance, SAIBA, Financial Statement, Cash Basis, Accrual Basis.
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Kudryashova, Yu N., T. G. Lazareva, T. N. Makushina, and Yu V. Chernova. "The organization of management accounting as a mechanism to improve the efficiency of agricultural enterprises." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700028.
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The article discusses a comparative analysis of full cost systems, “direct cost” and “standard cost”. A comparative characteristic and features of using the accrual method and the cash basis method in management accounting are given. A practical example illustrates the advantages of using the cash method and the accrual method in calculating marginal income. The necessity of reflecting the marginal profit on a separate account 92 “Marginal profit (loss)” is substantiated and, in accordance with this, correspondence of accounts on the formation of marginal income using various methods is proposed. A new methodology for calculating CVP analysis indicators is proposed.
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Sari, Yeni Priatna, Hetika Tika, and Nurul Mahmudah. "EVALUASI PENERAPAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI AKRUAL: STUDI KASUS DI BADAN LAYANAN UMUM DAERAH RSUD KARDINAH KOTA TEGAL." Jurnal AKSI (Akuntansi dan Sistem Informasi) 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32486/aksi.v1i1.92.
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This Research to explore the extent to which the development of the application of The Government Regulation No. 71/2010 which has been applied in the process of accounting at BLUD Kardinah Hospital Tegal City. Associated with the change of government accounting system from cash base to accrual base as stipulated by Government Regulation No. 71 Year 2010.This research methodology used is descriptive method with interpretive method and using primary data obtained by interview to head of Accounting Department of Kardinah General Hospital as well as stakeholders at Kardinah General Hospital. The results of this study show that Kardinah hospitals are ready and already implemented Accounting Standard based on accruals. Judging from some parameters such as the application of PP 71 Year 2010, the readiness of human resources, organizational commitment, communication, quality of accounting information system, financial reporting quality, infrastructure and consultant support on accrual basis implementation. It is hoped that despite being ready to implement SAP accrual basis, the management of Kardinah General Hospital as well as Tegal City Government can always improve the regulations at the technical level in responding to the regulatory changes regarding the application of accrual basis in accounting
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Munifah, M., Edy Siswanto, and Tedy Wahyu Pramuditya. "SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI ARUS KAS PADA DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KABUPATEN KENDAL MENGGUNAKAN METODE ACCRUAL BASIS." Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (Simika) 4, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/simika.v4i2.1327.
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The financial recording system at the Kendal Department of Transportation is still using a manual system, meaning that all transaction activities that occur are only written in bookkeeping, and do not yet have a special application used in data processing and financial reporting. Prone to cause loss of transaction data thus hampering the reporting process. In addition, it is difficult to find financial data on cash receipts and disbursements due to the unavailability of an accessible web-based financial information system. The Kendal Regency Transportation Office needs an application that can be used in data processing and financial statement presentation and displays financial reports quickly, effectively and efficiently when needed and makes it easier to obtain financial information at the Kendal Regency Transportation Office. The application of a cash flow accounting information system at the Kendal Regency Transportation Office has achieved the desired goal, namely to simplify the process of recording cash financial transactions so that the use of cash management time is more efficient and presents financial reports of income, expenses and cash flows quickly, precisely and accurately.
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Syed Ali, Sharifah Sabrina, Sharon Cheuk Choy Sheung, and Mohd Waliuddin Mohd Razali. "Case Study in a Malaysian Public Agency on an Asset Management-Moving Towards the Accrual Basis of Accounting." Accounting and Finance Research 8, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v8n3p149.
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As part of the strategic reform of Malaysian public services under the Government Transformation Program (GTP), accrual accounting is expected to be fully adopted in public sector financial reporting commencing on 1 January 2015, in order to ensure alignment with the global accounting standards. Consequently, in order to access the government effectiveness of moving towards the accrual basis of accounting, this study is to examine the asset management system in a Malaysian public agency; to evaluate the extent of compliance with MPSAS 17, Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE), IPSAS 26, Impairment of Cash-Generating Assets and IPSAS 21, Impairment of Non-Cash Generating Assets. Using qualitative approach, a preliminary study was conducted via interviews and through obtaining documents. The findings include the following: MPSAS17 has not been strictly adhered to and software is used to monitor the assets; however, the disposal of assets is a manual process and is not automated. The study also discussed any weaknesses pertaining to the said asset accounting system, and suggested recommendations for improvement thereon.
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Kim, Yi-Bae. "A Study on the Supplementation of Cash Basis Information and Accrual Basis Information in National Accounting." Korean Governmental Accounting Review 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15710/kgar.2018.16.1.121.
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Novak, Aleš, Majda Kokotec-Novak, and Nives Halužan. "Accounting Aspects of Reporting Business Relationships between Public Enterprises and Municipalities in Slovenia, Individual Comparisons with Italy and Austria, and International Guidelines." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2010): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/8.3.265-291(2010).
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Adequate accounting information is the foundation of an efficient public sector. As of 2010, the accounting aspect of business relationships between public enterprises and municipalities in Slovenia had to be redefined due to the abandonment of ‘assets under management’ reporting. The regulation recommending municipalities to hand over infrastructure to public enterprises in the form of an operating lease has resulted in the need for different accounting information on the part of the municipalities. Regarding the water sector of municipalities in Austria and Italy, the need for more comprehensive accounting information exists as well. Due to the application of New Public Management concepts, many countries have adopted or committed to adopt some variant of accrual accounting also for the public sector. The large-scale adoption of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (the IPSASs) would significantly enhance the international public sector comparability.
KEYWORDS: • accrual basis accounting • cash basis accounting • municipality • public enterprise • Slovenia • Italy • Austria
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Lauma, Enda Baisida, Jenny Morasa, and Lintje Kalangi. "ANALISIS PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAH TERHADAP ASET TETAP PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW." ACCOUNTABILITY 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.14427.5.2.2016.84-97.
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Government Accounting Standard have changed from Cash Basis is to comply with the Government Regulation number 24 2005s to Government Regulation number 71 2010s. Requirement to implemented Accrual basis SAP by the Local Government was start in the Local Government Financial Statement for the year ended on December 2015s. The District Government of Bolaang Mongondow, before implemented accrual basis PP 71/2010 always received non-WTP opinion, because of asset problems. The objective of the research is to analyze the implementation of Government Accounting Standard to Fix Asset on the District Government of Bolaang Mongondow. The result of research indicate that although the District Government of Bolaang Mongondow has implemented the SAP based on accrual basis on this fix assets based on regulation (PP 71/2010) at Local Government Financial Statement Budget Year 2015s, it is found that financial statement still have constraints such differences in recording those assets between accounting division and assets division. In addition, there is non-current asset which do not master by SKPD, there is no information regarding existing assets, and some assets are also not clearly described. Those constraints have caused to gain Qualified Opinion of LKPD 2015s as audited by BPK. Keywords : Implementation, Governmental Accounting Standard, Fix Asset.
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Izadi Zadeh Darjezi, Javad, Homagni Choudhury, and Alireza Nazarian. "Simulation evidence on the properties of alternative measures of working capital accruals." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 25, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 378–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-12-2016-0114.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the specification and power of tests based on the DD and modified DD model through the UK data between years 2000 and 2013, and make comparisons with tests using working capital accruals creating a measure of accruals quality as the standard deviation of the residuals value from firm-specific regressions base on working capital accruals on last, current and one-year-ahead cash flows from operations. Design/methodology/approach This study focuses both on the DD model and modified DD model to find out which of them can more accurately capture total working capital accrual estimation error and accrual quality. According to the DD model, the past, current and future net cash from operating activities as the three years’ operating cash inflows or outflows become omitted and correlated variables. In this study, the authors continue to document residuals from the DD and MDD models to demonstrate properties that are more consistent with behaviours of accruals estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors are looking to compare the results from both the MDD and DD models and find which one of them is more effective in explaining the working capital accruals in the UK. Findings The authors find that adding additional explanatory variables may add additional explanatory power of variables to the DD model and extent to which accruals map into cash flow insights based on the UK data. This study is empirically well fitting with the internal workings of cash flows. As investors fixate only on the accounting earnings, they may fail to reflect fully on information contained within cash flow components and working capital accruals of current and future earnings. Originality/value The authors compare different equation to cover more items of working capital accruals. In addition, after examining earnings and accrual quality, the findings show that the average UK company behaviour was quite similar to the behaviour that was founded earlier for both models in the USA. Furthermore, this study results show that more volatility of sales, cash flow, accruals and earnings make a lower accrual quality. The results demonstrate that both models can capture the power to predict working capital accruals. Moreover, we find that adding additional explanatory variable of employee growth rate adds additional explanatory variables to DD model.
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Rajib, Salah Uddin, Pawan Adhikari, Mahfuzul Hoque, and Mahmuda Akter. "Institutionalisation of the Cash Basis International Public Sector Accounting Standard in the Central Government of Bangladesh." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-10-2017-0096.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine public sector accounting reforms, mainly the adoption and implementation of the Cash Basis International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS) in the Central Government of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the ideas of new institutionalism, the paper investigates the factors which have forced the country to accept the Cash Basis IPSAS but have delayed its implementation in practice. Findings Different approaches towards the Cash Basis IPSAS are now distinct in the Central Government of Bangladesh. Differences between Bangladesh and other emerging economies have been narrowed as the potency of institutional pressures has increased, and there is a risk, as experienced in other emerging economies, that the very adoption of the Cash Basis IPSAS may remain more a rhetoric than a reality in Bangladesh. The paper demonstrates that the extent to which professional accountants and their associations participate in reforms determines the public sector accounting reform trajectories in emerging economies. Practical implications The paper demonstrates that reforms driven by indigenous administrators can have the potential of becoming more instrumental in emerging economies than the externally propagated reforms, such as IPSASs and accrual accounting. What is important is to advance incrementally those public sector accounting reforms that local administrators have identified as important, that they could cope with their existing knowledge and capacity, and that they are interested in engaging with the reform process. Originality/value First, the study has contributed to extending neo-institutional theory by bringing out the responses of different stakeholders responsible for implementing public sector accounting reforms, mainly the Cash Basis IPSAS, in practice. Next, the paper has raised a question as to whether the Cash Basis IPSAS could be an appropriate reform measure for the central government of Bangladesh.
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Jung, Do-jin, and Ki-jung Eom. "A Study on the Differences between Cash Basis and Accrual Basis in the Government Accounting and Fiscal Management." Accounting Information Review 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 425–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiaair.38.3.16.
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So, Simon Man Shing. "Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Modified social contribution value per share." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 11, no. 2 (2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv11i2p3.
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This study attempts to enhance the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance measurement by introducing the concept of environmental contributions. As suggested by Xu and Zhu (2010), we modify the formula of social contribution value per share (SCVPS) developed by the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) in 2008 by employing two environmental elements, namely, the audited environmental cost (AEC) and additional audited environmental cost (AddAEC). Using pooled least square regressions to examine the relationship between the two modified SCVPSs, under the accrual basis and the cash basis, and the performance of the listed firms in the SSE social responsibility index, we find that they have a positive relationship — a larger modified SCVPS corresponds to better CSR performance and firm performance. Our results for the two modified SCVPSs are relatively unaffected by the different ownership structures, state-owned (SO) and non-state-owned (NSO). Evidence also indicates that the influence on firm performance of the modified SCVPS under the accrual basis is more significant for SO firms than NSO firms. Companies are encouraged to increase their environmental contribution and SCVPS to go beyond the minimum environmental protection standards.
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Peters, Michael F., Kenneth W. Shaw, and Robert B. Thompson. "ShoppingWithoutDropping.com, Inc." Issues in Accounting Education 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2002.17.2.197.
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This case, based on the activities of a fictional online grocery shopping and delivery service startup, introduces beginning M.B.A. students to financial accounting. The case write-up provides cash inflows and outflows and other detailed information about the firm's first three years of operations, which include sizable expenditures to develop customer order-entry software. Using this information, you are required to prepare comparative accrual-basis financial statements and to explore the impact of alternative accounting treatments on these financial statements for software development expenditures. The purpose of this case is to provide you with an appreciation for financial statements as a device for communicating the firm's financial position and performance, to illustrate some of the problems and ambiguities that arise in implementing accrual accounting, to expose you to the interpretation of actual accounting standards, and to introduce you to the use of historical financial statements in predicting future earnings.
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Biondi, Yuri. "Harmonising European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS): Issues and Perspectives." Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium 7, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ael-2017-0014.
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Abstract An important reform project is ongoing concerning harmonising Europe’s public sector accounting standards (EPSAS). The European Commission appears willing to mimic and take the international private sector accounting as frame of reference, following the same pattern of implementation for international public sector accounting standards (IPSAS) that was enacted for the IAS-IFRS. But the Member States did react in a different way, this time, showing alert, raising questions, and providing resistance in some cases. Public sector accounting shall be considered in the specific context provided by public finances in general, and by a monetary union in particular. This paper takes perspective on these specificities while raising issues (i) on the EPSAS-making governance; (ii) relationship between cash-basis and accrual-basis of accounting; (iii) accounting for governmental liabilities by Member States; and (iv) evidence of net assets under accruals-basis.
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Sari, Indra Mustika, and Nanik Wahyuni. "STANDART AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN (SAP) PERATURAN PEMERINTAHAN NO 71 TAHUN 2010 ATAS PERLAKUAN AKUNTANSI-LO DAN BEBAN PADA PEMERINTAH DAERAH." El Muhasaba: Jurnal Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/em.v7i2.3889.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This Study aimed to analyze the accounting treatment of Revenue-LO and Expenses arising from the change of Government Accounting Standards PP. 24/2015 with Cash Towards Accrual Basis be PP. 71/2010 with Accrual basis. Kediri Regency Government as government entity shall carry out accounting Revenue-LO and Expenses base on accrual-based SAP in accordance with PP. 71/2010 and presented in Statement of Operations (LO) in 2015 with the financial reporting provisions contained in the Statement of Accounting Standards accrual-based government. This research uses descriptive quantitative method is to describe the accounting Revenue-LO and Expenses that occurred in Kediri Regency Government with implementation of the conformity of Government Regulation No. 71/2010 about the Government Accounting Standard so that it can be deduced. The result showed that according to PP. 71/2010, The Government of Kediri Regency had implemented the accrual based accounting for Revenue-LO and Expenses appropriately. The accounting treatment for Revenue-LO dan Expenses which has been analyzed include the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure. The Recognition of Revenue-LO and Expenses was made when it arises right and obligations of local government. The measurement of Revenue-LO was carried out with gross principles, while the Expenses measurement was not explained in SAP. The presentation of Revenue-LO and Expenses was presented in the Statements of Operetions (LO) according to the classification in BAS. Disclosure of Revenue-LO and Expenses are disclosed detail in CaLK. Overall, Therefore, it can be concluded that the Kediri Regency Government has done the accounting treatment of Revenue-LO and Expenses in accordance with SAP PP. 71/2010.</p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlakuan akuntansi Pendapatan-LO dan Beban yang timbul akibat terjadinya perubahan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan PP. 24 Tahun 2005 dengan basis Cash Towards Accrual menjadi PP 71 Tahun 2010 dengan basis Acrrual. Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri sebagai entitas pemerintah wajib melaksanakan akuntansi Pendapatan-LO dan Beban yang didasarkan pada SAP berbasis akrual sesuai dengan PP. 71 Tahun 2010 dan disajikan dalam Laporan Operasional (LO) pada pelaporan keuangan tahun 2015 dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang termuat dalam Pernyataan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan sehingga bisa ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 71 Tahun 2010, Pemeerintah Kabupaten Kediri telah menerapkan akuntansi berbasis akrual atas Pendapatan-LO dan Beban secara benar. Perlakuan akuntansi atas Pendapatan-LO dan beban yang telah dilakukan analisis meliputi proses pengakuan, pengukuran, penyajian dan pengungkapan. Pengakuan Pendapatan-LO dan Beban dilakukan ketika timbul hak dan kewajiban Pemerintah Daerah. Pengukuran Pengukuran Pendapatan-LO dilakukan dengan azas bruto, sedangkan pengukuran Beban belum terdapat penjelasan dalam SAP Penyajian Pendapatan-LO dan Beban disajikan dalam Laporan Operasional (LO) sesuai klasifikasi dalam BAS. Pengungkapan Pendapatan-LO dan Beban telah diungkapkan secara rinci dalam CaLK. Dengan demikian secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten Kediri telah melakukan perlakuan akuntansi Pendapatan-LO dan Beban sesuai dengan SAP PP. 71 Tahun 2010.</p>
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Liu, Ye, and Changjiang Lyu. "Research on methods of IPO earnings management: case of Guirenniao." Nankai Business Review International 7, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose The performance of the first batch of listed companies since the restart of new initial public offerings (IPOs) in January 2014 and their accounting information face repeated and volatile questioning from different sides. This paper aims to take Guirenniao (China) Co. Ltd. (GRN for short), one of the first batch of listed companies in 2014 that suffered performance decline, as an example to analyze how it managed earnings before IPO. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines earnings management signs that exist in GRN through analysis of its financial statements compared to those of its industry peers. This paper then uses the modified Jones model to detect its accrual earnings management and build three models, which are abnormal levels of cash flows from operations, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses, to detect real earnings management. Findings This paper finds that GRN managed earnings through accrual and real activities in 2012 and 2013. Finally, this paper provides evidence on the specific methods of earnings management, which are easing credit policy to recognize revenue in advance, abnormal expansion, decreasing costs and connected transactions. Originality/value This paper examines earnings management signs exist in GRN through analysis of its financial statements comparing to those of its industry peers. This paper then uses the modified Jones Model to detect its accrual earnings management and build three models which are abnormal levels of cash flows from operations, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses to detect real earnings management.
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Risnaningsih, Risnaningsih, Sjheny Tanuwijaya, and Nur Ida Iriani. "IMPROVING TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF MSME FINANCIAL STATEMENTS BY USING ACCRUAL METHOD." Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J), no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/mec-j.v0i1.5394.
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<p>Many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are still carrying out a simple accounting record and have not implemented accrual basis method. It is expected that in the future all MSMEs can make more transparency and accountability report by using accrual method so it can assist MSMEs in applying credit to banks or other investors to increase the business capital. This study was conducted in Malang Regency, Batu City, and Malang City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques were done by interview and documentation with sampling technique using purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The collected data will be analyzed by interactive analysis method including data reduction, data presentation, and data verification or interpretation. The results showed that the owners of SMEs in managing their finances use simple accounting by using accrual method so that the financial statements produced more accurate than if the owners of MSMEs use cash method. The owners of SMEs do not need to make complete financial statements, they may use three types of financial statements, namely: income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The income statement is used to find out how much the profit or loss of the MSMEs, the balance sheet is used to find out the assets, liabilities, equity, and cash flow statement is used to find out the changes occurring during the period of operating, investing, and financing activities. These three types of financial statements have already been used by MSME owners as one of the requirements to obtain credit from banks or other investors.</p>
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Ali, Ashiq, and Krishna R. Kumar. "Earnings Management Under Pension Accounting Standards: SFAS 87 versus APB 8." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 8, no. 4 (October 1993): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9300800405.
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This study presents evidence indicating a greater influence of accounting incentives on reported pension cost under the current pension accounting standard, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Number 87 (SFAS 87), relative to the preceding standard, Accounting Principles Board Opinion Number 8 (APB 8). Accounting incentives refer to managerial incentives arising from income smoothing and contractual arrangements that use accounting numbers. This study uses the difference between the income reported under SFAS 87 and APB 8 in the adoption year as a measure that incorporates the difference between the discretionary components of pension cost under the two regimes and shows that this difference is associated with proxies for managers' accounting incentives. This finding has important implications for accounting regulatory agencies. Even though SFAS 87 appears to have been successful in moving pension accounting away from cash basis and toward accrual basis, the increased influence of accounting incentives may have hampered the comparability across firms of the reported pension numbers and hence their usefulness.
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Kalgo, Sani Hussaini, Bany-Ariffin A.N., Hairul Suhaimi Bin Nahar, and Bolaji Tunde Matemilola. "Does Leverage Constrain Real and AEM Around IPO Corporate Event? Evidence from the Emerging Market." Global Business Review 20, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918825196.
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The article investigates whether Malaysian initial public offering (IPO) firms engage in real and accrual earnings management (AEM) and examines the impact of leverage on the earnings management’s discretionary behaviour of the firms for the period of 2003–2013. The Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995, The Accounting Review, 70[2], 193–225) cross-sectional modified Jones model was used to estimate discretionary accruals, while Roychowdhury’s (2006, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42[3]), 335–370) cross-sectional models were used to investigate abnormal real activity discretionary behaviour. The results indicate Malaysian IPO firms engage in real and accrual discretionary behaviour. The graphical presentations of the earnings’ management proxies indicate higher real and AEM for high-leverage firms. Similarly, the multivariate analysis indicates a positive relationship between leverage and earnings management, which is in tandem with the agency cost of free cash flow theory and debt hypothesis. It is also consistent with the pecking-order theory of capital structure. This study suggests that regulatory agencies and standard setters should continue to improve quality of accounting reports in order to protect investors’ invested capital.
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Maroney, James J., Cynthia M. Jackson, Timothy J. Rupert, and Yue (May) Zhang. "The Effect of Accounting Information on Taxpayers' Acceptance of Tax Reform." Journal of the American Taxation Association 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/atax-10168.
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ABSTRACT The United States faces exceptionally large budget deficits over the foreseeable future that threaten the nation's financial stability (Bernanke 2010). A large portion of these deficits is due to the Social Security and Medicare programs. Thus, given the likely need to reform these programs, we use a model of rational choice proposed by Margolis (1981, 1984) and conduct an experiment to determine if the accounting information provided about the Social Security system affects taxpayers' acceptance of reform. We find that participants who receive accrual basis financial information are more concerned about the sustainability of the system and, most important, are willing to accept a greater share of the burden of reforming the Social Security system than participants receiving cash basis financial information and participants in the control condition. However, through supplemental analyses we also find that if the survival of the Social Security system is placed into question, the willingness to sacrifice begins to decline. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors on request.
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NASIH, MOH. "Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Resistance to Change di Organisasi Sektor Publik." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v5n1.p25-32.
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Changes in the organizational environment sometimes is needed and even inevitable. Local government as one of the public sector organizations also deal with the changes. One of the changes faced by the public sector is a change from the cash basis accounting system into accrual basis. This study examines the effect of organizational commitment on resistance to change of local civil servants. The total sample of this study used a total of 77 respondents from one local government in East Java. This study found that higher normative commitment of local government employees, level of resistance to change will be lower. This study didn’t found any effect of afective commitment and continuance commitment to the resistance to change
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Maulidha, Erina, and Asrul Aminulloh. "Perekayasaan Akuntansi Istishna’ Pada Produk Pembiayaan Apartemen." JURNAL AKUNTANSI DAN KEUANGAN ISLAM 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35836/jakis.v1i1.58.
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Adoption of PSAK 104 on Accounting Istishna, creating an obstacle for Islamic banks.Plus the difficulty of implementing the contract istishna itself in the banking business.PSAK related more appropriately applied to the real sector companies engaged insteadof banking services. This study aims to determine the constraints and associated engineering analysis accounting istishna ‘apartment on financial products in Islamic banks.The research method used is descriptive qualitative field research. Analysis was used tocompare the conditions obtained in the field by the recognition of regulated accountingunder PSAK 104 and the legislation in force. Based on the analysis, there are severalobstacles that arise in the application of financing istishna, which is related to information technology, human resources and the prevalence of apartment construction businessin Indonesia in the implementation of accounting standards. Consequently, in practice,Islamic banks have not fully adopted PSAK 104, especially in terms of disbursement offunds to the developer, the recognition of revenue on accrual basis and cash basis, andmargin recognition in installments during construction by the customer.
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Burdeos, Angelo O. "Earnings management, corporate governance, and ownership structure of Philippine initial public offerings." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 4 (2021): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i4art12.
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Prior studies examined the effect of corporate governance variables on discretionary current accrual, the most widely used measurement of earnings management. The principal-agent conflict implies that the size of the board, the percent of independent directors, CEO duality, and auditor prestige limit discretionary current accruals (DCA). This paper extends past studies by examining the effect of ownership structure on discretionary current accruals. The study determines the level of income-increasing earnings management of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the Philippines and the factors that explain it. Particularly, the paper examines the effect of ownership concentration and largest shareholder ownership on discretionary current accruals. The study uses a final sample of 105 IPO firms in Philippine Stock Exchange (PSE) from 2008 to 2018. Employing the modified Jones’s (1991) model to measure discretionary current accrual and multiple regression analysis, the study finds -4.19% discretionary current accrual on the average. It also reveals that the 2002 Philippine Code of Corporate Governance (PCCG) is ineffective in curbing earnings management. In addition, there is an insignificant relationship between the size of the board, CEO duality, ownership concentration, largest shareholder ownership and auditor prestige, and earnings management. Furthermore, the paper finds a significant relationship between the percent of independent directors, industry sector, return on assets (ROA) and cash flow from operations and earnings management.
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Gord, Aziz, and Sayyed Erfan Lotfi Sheikhrazei. "Investigation on the Problems of Applying Accrual Accounting Basis Instead of Cash Basis with Respect to the Application of the Operational Budget in Public Departments." Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 4, no. 2 (October 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018934.
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Febriyanti, Galuh Artika, and Agung Sri Wardhani. "Pengaruh Persepsi, Tingkat Pendidikan, dan Sosialisasi Terhadap Penerapan SAK EMKM Pada UMKM Wilayah Kota Surabaya." Jurnal Ilmiah Esai 12, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/esai.v12i2.1128.
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The perpetrators of MSMEs generally do not use the standards applicable in the preparation of financial statements. MSME financial statements often use cash basis taken from daily cash mutation sources. The Indonesian Institute of Accountants seeks to contribute to overcome the constraints of MSMEs in the preparation of financial statements by issuing the Financial Accounting Standards of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (SAK EMKM) and effective from 1 January 2018. SAK EMKM is simple to be implemented easily by MSMEs. The Financial Statements according to SAK EMKM are prepared on the accrual basis. The research took 50. MSMEs in Surabaya using convenience sampling method. The data used are primary data obtained through questionnaires. This study aims to finding out the hypothesis that the perception of MSMEs in Surabaya against the application of EMKM IFRS had an effect on the application of EMKM IFRSs, testing the education level hypothesis of MSMEs in Surabaya had an effect on the application of EMKM IFRSs, and tested the hypothesis of SAK EMKM dissemination in Surabaya. application of SAK EMKM. The results showed that partially the perception of MSMEs entrepreneurs has a positive effect on implementation SAK EMKM while the level of education and sozialization has a negative effect.
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Solas, Cigdem, and Ismail Otar. "THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM PRACTICED IN THE NEAR EAST DURING THE PERIOD 1220–1350 BASED ON THE BOOK RISALE-I FELEKIYYE." Accounting Historians Journal 21, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.21.1.117.
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This study examines the governmental accounting practice in the Near East during the Il-Khan Dynasty period (1120–1350 A.D.). The survey is based on a handwritten manuscript, Risale-i Felekiyye. The accounting system introduced in the Risale-i Felekiyye is an elaborate governmental accounting system. The system was based on seven major books and a number of special journals. Documents used in the system formed the basis for recording events in the books. Furthermore, the system included concepts and rules for accounting and resulted in a final report. This accounting system emerged primarily from social and economic necessities caused by agricultural and fiscal reforms introduced by Ghazan Khan in 1295–1304. As a result of these reforms, budgeting practices and accounting regulation by the state were introduced to control state tax revenues and expenditures and to prevent fraud. These regulations introduced the use of a single monetary unit for recording, the use of an accounting fiscal period, duality, classification, substance, procedural rules which introduced a bilateral journal entry form, agency account rules, and correction and control rules. Also the rule of “revenues have to be equal to expenditures” presented itself as a balance sheet identity equation. These regulations, however, were not based on the accrual principle; instead, a cash basis of accounting was the recognized practice. The study concludes that the rudiments of double-entry accounting were practiced in the Near East and were developed independently from the accounting practices used in the West.