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Journal articles on the topic 'Modified fragment of neuropeptide Y'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Ihnat, Havrylov, and Shtrygol’ Sergіy. "Investigation of the effect of a modified fragment of neuropeptide Y on memory phases and extrapolation escape of animals." Česká a slovenská farmacie 70, no. 3 (2021): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/csf2021-3-91.

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The article presents a study of the effect of a modified fragment of neuropeptide Y (H-L-Ile-L-Asn-L-Leu-L-Nle-L-SerL-Arg-L-Asn-L-Arg-L-Tyr-NH2 ) named nonapeptide NP9 on the memory phases and extrapolation escape of animals. The study was performed in th

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2

Ihnat, Havrylov, Shtrygol' Sergey, and Kavraiskyi Dmytryi. "The effect of a modified fragment of neuropeptide Y on spatial memory and learning in the Morris water maze." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 1(35) (February 28, 2022): 22–27. https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.253372.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a biologically active neuropeptide that is responsible for a large list of physiological processes. We propose a short modified fragment of NPY that should at least partially have a spectrum of biological activity of the original peptide. The compound was named nonapeptide NP9. <strong>The aim of our study</strong> was to investigate the ability of the modified fragment of NPY to influence spatial memory and learning. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> the study was performed on 24 one-year-old random-bred female rats weight 220–250 g. The animals w

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3

Havrylov, Ihnat, Sergey Shtrygol’, and Dmytryi Kavraiskyi. "The effect of a modified fragment of neuropeptide y on spatial memory and learning in the Morris water maze." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 1(35) (February 28, 2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.253372.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a biologically active neuropeptide that is responsible for a large list of physiological processes. We propose a short modified fragment of NPY that should at least partially have a spectrum of biological activity of the original peptide. The compound was named nonapeptide NP9. The aim of our study was to investigate the ability of the modified fragment of NPY to influence spatial memory and learning. Materials and methods: the study was performed on 24 one-year-old random-bred female rats weight 220–250 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 8 rats ea

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4

Caddy, Judy, Ulrich Hoffmanns, and Nils Metzler-Nolte. "Introduction of Phosphine-Gold(I) Precursors into a Cys-modified Enkephalin Neuropeptide as Part of Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, no. 3 (2007): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0321.

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The synthesis and full characterization of a series of (triphenylphosphine)gold complexes with thiol-containing amino acids and peptides is reported. Boc-Cys-Au(PPh3) was prepared in solution by reaction of Boc-Cys-OH with (Ph3P)AuCl. The related Ac-Cys-Au(PPh3) and an Au derivative of the cysteine-modified neuropeptide enkephalin (Enk), [Cys]5-Au(PPh3)-Enk, were prepared on the resin, using the orthogonal trityl-protecting group on Cys. For comparison, the metal-free [Cys]5-Enk and an S-tert-butyl-protected [Cys]5-Enk were also prepared. Most noteworthy, gold complexation works best when carr

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5

Havrylov, I. O., and S. Yu Shtrygol’. "The study of the antidepressant and actoprotective activity of a synthetic analog of the terminal region of neuropeptide Y." Ukrainian biopharmaceutical journal, no. 1(66) (April 12, 2021): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/ubphj.21.301.

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Topicality. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is significantly widespread in the human body, is responsible for various physiological processes, in particular it is involved in the regulation of the emotional behavior, memory and metabolism. The modified short fragment of NPY proposed – NP9 nonapeptide for intranasal administration – shows certain biological properties of the native peptide, in particular the anxiolytic and antiamnesic action. The effect of NP9 on affective disorders of depressive nature and physical endurance remains unknown. Aim. To study the antidepressant and actoprotective acti

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6

Boublik, J. H., N. A. Scott, M. R. Brown, and J. E. Rivier. "Synthesis and hypertensive activity of neuropeptide Y fragments and analogs with modified N- or C-termini or D-substitutions." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 32, no. 3 (1989): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00123a014.

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7

Numao, T., and D. K. Agrawal. "Neuropeptides modulate human eosinophil chemotaxis." Journal of Immunology 149, no. 10 (1992): 3309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.149.10.3309.

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Abstract To investigate the role of neuropeptides in allergic inflammation, we examined the effect of peptides on eosinophil chemotaxis. Eosinophils were purified from the blood of allergic and normal subjects using a discontinuous Percoll density gradients. Chemotaxis was induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4, and was assayed by a modified Boyden's chamber technique. Four neuropeptides were examined in this study: substance P (SP), neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cholecystokinin octapeptide. Peptides alone (10 nM to 10 microM) were not chemot

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8

Leban, Johann J., Dennis Heyer, Antonio Landavazo, Jessica Matthews, Ann Aulabaugh, and Alejandro J. Daniels. "Novel Modified Carboxy Terminal Fragments of Neuropeptide Y with High Affinity for Y2-Type Receptors and Potent Functional Antagonism at the Y1-Type Receptor." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 38, no. 7 (1995): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00007a012.

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9

Orosz, F., K. Liliom, N. A. Barkhudaryan, L. Horváth, and J. Ovádi. "Effects of calmodulin antagonists on antibody binding to calmodulin. Distinct conformers of calmodulin induced by the binding of drugs." Biochemical Journal 284, no. 3 (1992): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2840803.

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An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been used to study the interactions between calmodulin and two calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and a neuropeptide isolated from the hypothalamus. The binding of a monospecific anti-calmodulin antibody, raised in rabbit against dinitrophenylated calmodulin, to calmodulin was tested at various concentrations of these drugs under equilibrium conditions. Trifluoperazine at low concentrations stimulated, but at relatively high concentrations inhibited, immunocomplex formation. The neuropeptide displaced the antibody from calmodulin at nanomo

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10

Hiltz, Melanie E., та James M. Lipton. "Antiinflammatory activity of a COOH‐terminal fragment of the neuropeptide α‐MSH". FASEB Journal 3, № 11 (1989): 2282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.3.11.2550304.

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11

López, Luis, Lyza M. Martínez, Jaileen R. Caicedo, Lauren Fernández-Vega, and Lisandro Cunci. "Measurement of neuropeptide Y in aptamer-modified planar electrodes." Electrochimica Acta 488 (June 2024): 144243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144243.

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12

Bouali, Samir M., Alain Fournier, Serge St-Pierre, and François B. Jolicoeur. "In vivo central actions of NPY(1–30), an fragment of neuropeptide Y." Peptides 15, no. 5 (1994): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-9781(94)90032-9.

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13

Thorsell, A., and M. Heilig. "Diverse functions of neuropeptide Y revealed using genetically modified animals." Neuropeptides 36, no. 2-3 (2002): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/npep.2002.0897.

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14

Zwanziger, Denise, Irfan Ullah Khan, Ines Neundorf, et al. "Novel Chemically Modified Analogues of Neuropeptide Y for Tumor Targeting§." Bioconjugate Chemistry 19, no. 7 (2008): 1430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc7004297.

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15

Sheikh, S. P. "Neuropeptide Y and peptide YY: major modulators of gastrointestinal blood flow and function." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, no. 5 (1991): G701—G715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.5.g701.

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The present paper reviews the chemistry, distribution, and release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) and evaluates their role as neuronal and hormonal regulators in gastrointestinal physiology. In addition, the current concepts of receptors for NPY and PYY, the Y1 and Y2 receptor subtypes and their localization, characterization by ligand binding studies, and structural analysis by affinity-labeling experiments, are presented and discussed. NPY is present in both central and peripheral neurons, whereas PYY is mainly expressed in endocrine cells in the lower bowel. PYY and NPY inhibi

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16

Brito-Júnior, Manoel, João Américo Normanha, Carla Cristina Camilo, et al. "Alternative Techniques to Remove Fractured Instrument Fragments from the Apical Third of Root Canals: Report of Two Cases." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 1 (2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302446.

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This paper describes two cases of instrument fragment removal from the apical thirds of root canals using a customized extractor and a modified needle technique, respectively. In case 1, a customized extractor was manufactured to remove a bur fragment located in the apical root canal of a maxillary central incisor. The use of this extractor enabled successful and conservative removal of the instrument fragment. In case 2, a modified injection needle was used as a trepan to gain access around an instrument fragment located in the curved apical portion of the mesiobuccal canal of a mandibular mo

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17

Nandha, K. A., M. A. Benito-Orfila, D. M. Smith, M. A. Ghatei, and S. R. Bloom. "Action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on the rat vascular system: effects on blood pressure and receptor binding." Journal of Endocrinology 129, no. 1 (1991): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1290069.

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ABSTRACT The N-terminal fragment (PACAP 27) of the novel neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP 38), has 68% homology with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The administration of bolus doses of PACAP 38 and its 27 amino acid N-terminal fragment (PACAP 27) caused a rapid but transient dose-dependent hypotensive effect in the anaesthetized rat. The amplitude and duration of the response obtained by PACAP 38 was comparable with VIP whereas PACAP 27 was three times less potent than VIP. Furthermore, radioreceptor binding studies demonstrated that 125I-lab

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18

Zestos, Alexander George, Nadiah Alyamni, and Jandro L. Abot. "Measurement of Neuropeptides and Amino Acids with Carbon-Fiber Multielectrode Array Enzyme-Modified Biosensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 49 (2024): 2673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01492673mtgabs.

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Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) have been used to detect neurotransmitters and other biomolecules using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for the past few decades. These assays typically measure small molecule neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. The carbon fiber is relatively small, biocompatible, and makes minimally invasive measurements at high spatial and temporal resolution. Carbon Fiber Multielectrode arrays have been utilized to measure multiple neurotransmitters in several brain regions simultaneously with multi-waveform application on each electrode. We have extend

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19

Potter, Erica K., M. Persico, L. Mitchell, et al. "Dependence of hypotensive effect of neuropeptide-Y 18–36 fragment on intact vagus nerves." Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 37, no. 3 (1992): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(92)90037-h.

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20

Lopez, Luis F., Lyza Martinez, Kelly Lozano, and Lisandro Cunci. "Neuropeptide Y Detection Using Aptamer-Modified Electrodes By Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 63 (2021): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01631668mtgabs.

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21

Li, Shu, Chen Guo, Xingjiao Zhang, et al. "Self-assembling modified neuropeptide S enhances nose-to-brain penetration and exerts a prolonged anxiolytic-like effect." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 13 (2021): 4765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm00380a.

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We successfully incorporated fatty acids into neuropeptide S to produce a novel self-assembling biomaterial that demonstrates enhanced nose-to-brain penetration and exerts a prolonged anxiolytic-like effect.

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22

Masler, E. P. "In vitrometabolism of an insect neuropeptide by homogenates of the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans." Journal of Helminthology 77, no. 1 (2003): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2002152.

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AbstractThe cytosolic fraction of homogenates from the free-living soil nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansis capable of metabolizing the insect neuropeptide adipokinetic hormone, a decapeptide blocked at the N-terminus by a pGlu residue. Analysis of digests by RP-HPLC and LC-MS revealed that an initial endoproteolytic cleavage step produced a heptapeptide with an unblocked N-terminus that can serve as a substrate for aminopeptidases. The aminopeptidase activity is depressed in the presence of the inhibitor amastatin; the initial product of the endoproteolytic step accumulates during incubation, an

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23

FEINSTEIN, R. D., M. SPICER, J. BOUBLIK, et al. "Conformational Analysis of the Neuropeptide Y Fragment NPY(18?36) by1H-NMR and Computer Simulationa." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 611, no. 1 Central and P (1990): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48943.x.

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24

Kochansky, Jan P., Ashok K. Raina, and Thomas G. Kempe. "Structure-activity relationships in C-terminal fragment analogs of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide inHelicoverpa zea." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 35, no. 3 (1997): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(199705)35:3<315::aid-arch5>3.0.co;2-s.

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25

Darvishali, Mohammad Hossein, Mahmood Fadaie, and Hossein Khanahmad. "The enhancement of M13 phage titration by optimizing the origin of replication." Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 3 (2024): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/rps.rps_14_24.

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Background and purpose: M13KO7, a modified M13 phage variant, carries the p15A replication origin and Tn903 kanamycin resistance gene. This study aimed to optimize M13KO7's replication by substituting the p15A origin with the higher-copy pMB1 origin (500-700 copy numbers). Experimental approach: A 6431-nucleotide fragment from the M13KO7 plasmid lacking the p15A replication origin and kanamycin resistance gene was amplified using a long polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The modified M13AMB1 plasmid was created by adding adenine to the 3’ ends of this fragment and ligating it to the pMB1-contain

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Wettashinghe, Ruwanthi C., and Ellen B. Peffley. "OPTIMIZING RAPD MARKERS FOR ONION GENOMIC DNA ANALYSIS." HortScience 30, no. 3 (1995): 435a—435. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.3.435a.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are genetic markers that facilitate selection in plant breeding. To obtain clear reproducible, and repeatable RAPD bands, four DNA extraction protocols and two Taq polymerases were compared using thirteen TG1015Y (Allium cepa) genotypes. Protocols for DNA extraction followed those of a modified Tai and Tanksley, 1989 (PMBR); a modified Dellaporta et al., 1983 (PMBR); a modified Guillemunt et al., 1992 (PMBR); and extracted with a plant tissue DNA isolation kit from Gentra System (Minneapolis). The modified Guillemunt protocol was selected due to ease of

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27

Tojo, K., T. Konakahara, M. Ishimura, and H. Morii. "DNA Recognition with Choloyl-modified Fragment of Transcription Factor." Seibutsu Butsuri 41, supplement (2001): S181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.41.s181_2.

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28

Koglin, Norman, and Annette G. Beck-Sickinger. "Novel modified and radiolabelled neuropeptide Y analogues to study Y-receptor subtypes." Neuropeptides 38, no. 4 (2004): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2004.04.002.

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29

Rytel, Liliana, Anna Snarska, Slawomir Gonkowski, Joanna Wojtkiewicz, Ottó Szenci, and Przemyslaw Sobiech. "Identification of neuropeptide Y in superior cervical ganglion neurons that project to the oesophagus – A combined immunohistochemical labelling and retrograde tracing study in pigs." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, no. 1 (2019): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.011.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuronal active substance taking part in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) tract activity. This study used retrograde neuronal tracing and immunofluorescence methods to analyse NPY-positive neurons located in superior cervical ganglion and supplying the cervical oesophagus in the pig. The presence of NPY was observed in 30% of all neurons supplying the part of oesophagus studied. Probably the number of Fast Blue (FB) positive cells depends on the area of the wall injected with FB and the fragment of oesophagus studied. Therefore, the obtained results indicate th

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30

Isaac, R. E. "Neuropeptide-degrading endopeptidase activity of locust (Schistocerca gregaria) synaptic membranes." Biochemical Journal 255, no. 3 (1988): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2550843.

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Locust adipokinetic hormone (AKH, pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2) was used as the substrate to measure neuropeptide-degrading endopeptidase activity in neutral membranes from ganglia of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. Initial hydrolysis of AKH at neural pH by peptidases of washed neural membranes generated pGlu-Leu-Asn and Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2 as primary metabolites, demonstrating that degradation was initiated by cleavage of the Asn-Phe bond. Amastatin protected the C-terminal fragment from further metabolism by aminopeptidase activity without inhibiting AKH degrada

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31

Arapostathis, Konstantinos, Arhakis Arhakis, and Sotiris Kalfas. "A modified technique on the reattachment of permanent tooth fragments following dental trauma. Case report." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 30, no. 1 (2006): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.1.p2611020q2762681.

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Fractured anterior teeth can be restored by adhesive bonding of the fractured fragment to the remaining tooth structure. One of the major challenges for the practitioner treating traumatized anterior teeth with immediate fragment reattachment is disguising the fracture line, through the correct use of masking and restorative resins to make the restorations imperceptible to the eye as well as improve the retention of the restoration. This paper discusses a modified technique for reattaching a permanent tooth fragment following dental trauma. The initial procedure involved simple reattachment us

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32

Xaus, N., X. Jorba, S. Calvet, et al. "Enzymatic peptide fragment condensation. Choice of reaction media for the synthesis of an insect neuropeptide derivative." Biotechnology Techniques 6, no. 1 (1992): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02438692.

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Moore, R. N., A. P. Osmand, J. A. Dunn, J. G. Joshi, and B. T. Rouse. "Substance P augmentation of CSF-1-stimulated in vitro myelopoiesis. A two-signal progenitor restricted, tuftsin-like effect." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 8 (1988): 2699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.8.2699.

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Abstract The inflammatory neuropeptide substance P acted as a costimulant for macrophage CSF-1-induced clonal proliferation of murine marrow-derived two signal-dependent mononuclear phagocyte progenitors. Substance P had no effect on clonal proliferation by progenitors responding solely to CSF-1. Substance P fragment 2-11 had no costimulatory activity; however, SP fragment 1-4 retained the full activity of the parent undecapeptide. Fragment 1-4 (ARG-PRO-LYS-PRO), a peptide containing a PRO residue between two positive charges, is a tuftsin-like (THR-LYS-PRO-ARG) tetrapeptide, and tuftsin exert

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Wennerberg, Anders B. A., Michael Jackson, Anders Öhman, et al. "The structure of the rodent and porcine neuropeptide galanin and antagonists as determined by FTIR and CD spectroscopy." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 6 (1994): 1495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v94-186.

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FT-IR spectroscopy was used to study the conformation of the porcine neuropeptide galanin, fragments 1−16 of the porcine and human peptides and the antagonists M15 and M35. All peptides were shown to be structureless in aqueous solution. Upon addition to SDS micelles, only porcine galanin and the fragment consisting of amino acids 1−16 showed any evidence of interaction, adopting a helical structure. No interaction could be demonstrated with zwitterionic lipids for any peptide except M15 which formed a thermally unstable helical conformation which unfolded promoting aggregation at around 45 °C

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Gärtner, Kurt. "A new fragment of 'Athis and Prophilias' Ein neues Fragment von ‘Athis und Prophilias'." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 149, no. 3 (2020): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2020-0014.

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The romance of 'Athis and Prophilias', based on a French source, was previously known only in fragments from three 13th century manuscripts. The new textual witness transmits a scene that is also preserved in an already known fragment, but in a mostly modified version. This suggests that the Athis poem has been completely or at least partially reworked. Der nach einer französischen Quelle verfasste Minneroman von 'Athis und Prophilias' war bisher nur in Fragmenten aus drei Hss. des 13. Jh. s bekannt. Der neue Textzeuge überliefert eine Szene, die auch in einem bereits bekannten Fragment erhalt

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Gärtner, Kurt, and Florian Mittenhuber. "A Bernese Fragment of Brother Philipp's 'Marienleben' Ein Berner Fragment von Bruder Philipps 'Marienleben'." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 150, no. 3 (2021): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2021-0011.

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Brother Philipp's 'Marienleben' (written around 1300) is the most widespread religious verse epic in Middle High German literature. Up to now, 120 textual witnesses have been known. The new fragment documents a slightly modified version that circulated in East Swabian around the middle of the 14 th century, it is therefore informative for the early reception of the work in this region. Bruder Philipps 'Marienleben' (entstanden um 1300) ist das am weitesten verbreitete geistliche Versepos der mittelhochdeutschen Literatur. Bis heute sind 120 Textzeugen bekannt. Das neue Fragment bezeugt eine le

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37

Millar, B. C., T. Weis, H. M. Piper, et al. "Positive and negative contractile effects of neuropeptide Y on ventricular cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 261, no. 6 (1991): H1727—H1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.6.h1727.

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The potency of neuropeptide Y (NPY) to cause negative and positive contractile responses in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes was investigated. In these cells, NPY was found to activate the transient outward K+ current (Ito) and the slow inward Ca2+ current (Isi). As reported before (H. M. Piper, B. C. Millar, and J. R. McDermott, Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 340: 333-337, 1989), NPY attenuated the increase in the contractile response induced by isoprenaline (10(-7) M). This effect of NPY could be abolished by 1) the presence of the inhibitor of Ito, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 0.5 mM); 2) p

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38

Guerrini, Remo, Valeria Camarda, Claudio Trapella, et al. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Human Neuropeptide S Analogues Modified in Position 5: Identification of Potent and Pure Neuropeptide S Receptor Antagonists." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 52, no. 2 (2009): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm8012294.

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Kjellberg, U., N. E. Andersson, S. Rosén, L. Tengborn, and M. Hellgren. "APC Resistance and other Haemostatic Variables during Pregnancy and Puerperium." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 81, no. 04 (1999): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614518.

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SummaryForty-eight healthy pregnant women were studied prospectively and longitudinally. Blood sampling was performed at 10-15, 23-25, 32-34 and 38-40 weeks of gestation, within one week and at eight weeks postpartum. Classic and modified activated protein C ratio decreased as pregnancy progressed. In the third trimester 92% of the ratios measured with the classic test were above the lower reference level whereas all modified test ratios were normal. Slight activation of blood coagulation was shown with increased levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2, soluble fibrin and D-dimer. Fibrinogen, facto

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Mallén-Fullerton, Guillermo, J. Quiroz-Ibarra, Antonio Miranda, and Guillermo Fernández-Anaya. "Modified Classical Graph Algorithms for the DNA Fragment Assembly Problem." Algorithms 8, no. 3 (2015): 754–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a8030754.

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41

Huang, Jiao, Zhangang Han, Heng Zhang, Haitao Yu, and Xueliang Zhai. "Bi-antimony capped Keggin polyoxometalate modified with Cu-ligand fragment." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 194 (October 2012): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2012.07.040.

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42

Alexander, Gerald. "Modified kocher clamp for fragment stabilization after sagittal ramus osteotomy." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 43, no. 8 (1985): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(85)90142-9.

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Camarda, Valeria, Claudio Trapella, Girolamo Calo′, et al. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Human Neuropeptide S Analogues Modified in Position 2." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51, no. 3 (2008): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm701204n.

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Fujii, Ryo, Hiromi Yoshida, Shoji Fukusumi, et al. "Identification of a Neuropeptide Modified with Bromine as an Endogenous Ligand for GPR7." Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, no. 37 (2002): 34010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m205883200.

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Makaraviciute, A., T. Ruzgas, A. Ramanavicius, and A. Ramanaviciene. "Antibody fragment immobilization on planar gold and gold nanoparticle modified quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation sensor surfaces for immunosensor applications." Anal. Methods 6, no. 7 (2014): 2134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00070f.

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Liu, Xue, and Qing Ming Zhang. "Numerical Study on Characteristics Shock Initiation of Double-Shell Charges by Hypervelocity Impact." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 2049–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.2049.

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Response of shock initiation of cast TNT charges with double-shell casing impacted by hypervelocity fragment was studied using the non-linear dynamics software AUTODYN. The purpose of the study is to gain insight into the physical phenomena underlying debris cloud impacts, and to develop an equation that predicts critical fragment velocity at which a fragment must travel to cause initiation. First, strength model, reaction rate equation and equation of state of materials are briefly described. Second, the threshold law of shock-induced initiation of cast TNT with double-shell casings was obtai

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Liu, Lingyu, Zhen Ma, Xiaohua Zhu, Ronghua Zeng, Shaolong Tie, and Junmin Nan. "Electrochemical behavior and simultaneous determination of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone using thermally reduced carbon nano-fragment modified glassy carbon electrode." Analytical Methods 8, no. 3 (2016): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02559a.

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Serra, M. C., F. Bazzoni, V. Della Bianca, M. Greskowiak, and F. Rossi. "Activation of human neutrophils by substance P. Effect on oxidative metabolism, exocytosis, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and inositol phosphate formation." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 6 (1988): 2118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.6.2118.

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Abstract The neuropeptide substance P (SP), which has been suggested to mediate neurogenic inflammation, induces in human neutrophils the activation of the respiratory burst measured as O2 consumption and H2O2 production, and a cytochalasin B-dependent secretion of specific and azurophilic granules. The SP(4-11) fragment is much more stimulant than the entire molecule, whereas the SP(1-4) fragment is inactive. The respiratory and secretory response to SP are associated with an activation of phosphoinositide turnover, of Ca2+ influx and release from intracellular stores. Pertussis toxin inhibit

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Wager-Pagé, S. A., E. Raizada, W. Veale, and J. S. Davison. "Peripheral modulation of duodenal and colonic motility and arterial pressure by neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y fragment 13–36, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide in rats: cholinergic mechanisms." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 10-11 (1993): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-115.

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The pancreatic polypeptide-fold (PP-fold) peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (500 pmol/kg) increased duodenal and colonic intraluminal pressure of urethane-anesthetized rats following intravenous (iv) bolus injections. Increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) accompanied the excitatory effects of NPY and PYY on gastrointestinal motility in these rats during the same time period. Atropine attenuated PYY's excitatory effect on duodenal pressure of rats. Excitatory effects of NPY, PYY, and PP (iv) on rat colon were not mediated via the muscarinic rec

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Petrocchi Passeri, Pamela, Laura Biondini, Maria Patrizia Mongiardi, et al. "Neuropeptide TLQP-21, a VGF Internal Fragment, Modulates Hormonal Gene Expression and Secretion in GH3 Cell Line." Neuroendocrinology 97, no. 3 (2012): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000339855.

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