Academic literature on the topic 'Modified hodge test'

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Journal articles on the topic "Modified hodge test"

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Balan K, Balan K. "Modified Hodge Test and Remodified Hodge Test for Carbapenemase Detection: Better Indicator." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 3 (2011): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2013/91.

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Rekha, Barapatre, Bose Seema, Hussain Tazammul, and Ray Chaudhury Atreyee. "A Comparative Study on Different Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Metallo Beta Lactamase Producing Bacteria in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rural Medical College, LONI, (MS)." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 9 (2024): 443–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13903912.

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<strong>Background:</strong>&nbsp;The emergence of metallo -beta &ndash; lactamase in NF-GNB is becoming a therapeutic challenge worldwide. Metallo beta lactamase producing bacteria are popularly known as superbugs due to their increased development of drug resistance to carbapenems. MBL producing bacteria mainly cause healthcare associated infections. Detection of MBL is also a challenge for routine microbiology laboratories. The aim of this study was to compare the different phenotypic methods for detecting MBL producing NF-GNB.&nbsp;<strong>Methods:</strong>&nbsp;Total 307 clinical isolates of NF -GNB including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescents, pseudomonas spp, Acinetobacter boumannii. These isolates were screened for imipenem resistance by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion methods and further tested for MBL detection by Disk-potentiation test, Double disk synergy test, Hodge test, Modified Hodge test, and E- Test.&nbsp;<strong>Result and Analysis:</strong>&nbsp;Out of the 307 NF-GNB, 161 were found to be Imipenem resistant by Kirby -Bauer disk diffusion method and further imipenem resistant isolates tested for the MBL production which were 45 isolates are MBL producer. When these 45 isolates tested for MBL production by Hodge test 22(13.66%), by Modified test 31(19.25%), 34(21.11%) by Disk potentiation test, 41 (25.46%) by DDST and by MBL E test 45(27.95%) of the isolates were MBL producers.&nbsp;<strong>Conclusion:</strong>&nbsp;The phenotypic methods are effective to detect MBL production in NF -GNB isolates. The sensitivity of MBL E -test (97.77%) was highest followed by DDST (91.11%) followed by DPT (75.55%) followed by MHT (68.88%) and lastly by Hodge test (48.88%). The E-test and DDST was very closely effective to detect MBL production. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
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., Nargis, Tayyab ur Rehman, Liaqat Ali, Hanif Khan, and Madina . "Detection of KPC-2 gene in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. mirabilis isolated from Urine sample of Urinary Tract Infection patients." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (2021): 2292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211572292.

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Background: Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an uprising problem worldwide. KPC is one of the important mechanisms of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae such as K. pneumoniae. Aims and Objectives: The current research focuses on the frequency of the KPC -2 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples, as well as antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were examined on 53 carbapenem-resistant isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family. These isolates were subjected to the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and PCR for KPC 2 gene identification. Results: A total of 150 urine samples were processed for the isolation of the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae. 125 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained in which the consistency of K. pneumonia was 50(40%),E. colin was 55(44%), and P. mirabilis was 20(16%). The test for susceptibility of antibioticresulted that among50 Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% were resistant to Imipenem, while in E. coli 54.4% and P. mirabilis 30 % were resistant to Imipenem respectively. PCR results show the gene KPC-2 out of 15 (75%) 2 (13.2%) Modified Hodge Test Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In total 83.3% (n=25) E. coli Modified Hodge Test positive and for the KPC-2 gene 4% were positive. Conclusion:This research demonstrates that in Enterobacteriaceae there isexistence of carbapenem resistance. Surveillance research and complete antibiotic prescription standards should be established at Pakistan's various hospitals to stop the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key Words: Enterobacteriaceae, Urinary Tract Infections, Carbapenem, Modified Hodge test
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Kastawa, Ni Wayan Eka Putri Gayatri, Yan Ramona, and N. N. Dwi Fatmawati. "Metode Deteksi Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 1 (2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2020.v07.i01.p07.

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Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) merupakan kelompok bakteri Enterobacteriaceae yang resisten terhadap antibiotik golongan Carbapenem (Imipenem, Ertapenem, Meropenem, Doripenem). Salah satu spesies Enterobacteriaceae yang sering menunjukkan sifat resisten terhadap Carbapenem adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae. Untuk mendeteksi keberadaan CRE perlu dilakukan deteksi dini menggunakan uji fenotip dan genotip. Uji fenotip yang dapat dilakukan adalah Modified Hodge Test (MHT), Carba Nordmann-Poirel (Carba NP), dan Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (MCIM). Untuk mengetahui keberadaan gen penyandi enzim carbapememase, metoda yang dapat dipakai dalam uji genotip adalah metoda Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)&#x0D; Kata kunci : Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Fenotip, Genotip, Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (MCIM), Modified Hodge Test (MHT), Carba NP, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).&#x0D;
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Diwakar, Jyoti, Rajesh K. Verma, Dharmendra P. Singh, Amit Singh, and Sunita Kumari. "Phenotypic detection of carbapenem resistance in gram negative bacilli from various clinical specimens of a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (2017): 3511. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173552.

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Background: Carbapenemase producing multidrug-resistant organisms (i.e., MDROs) is a critical medical and public health issue globally. These bacteria are often resistant to all beta-lactam agents and are also co-resistant to other multiple classes of antimicrobial agents, leaving very few antimicrobial options.Methods: This study was carried out at UP University of medical sciences Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2015 to June 2016. 110 isolates were found resistant by the Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. Modified Hodge test and combined disk test were performed for resistant isolates.Results: A total of 800-gram negative isolate were included in the study. 110 isolates were found resistant to imipenem by disk diffusion method. Out of these 90 (81.81%) were positive for carbapenemase production by modified Hodge test.Conclusions: We conclude that the modified Hodge test is a useful method for detection of carbapenemase production. Combined disc method is useful to detect metallo beta lactamase production.
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Pasteran, Fernando, Lisandro J. Gonzalez, Ezequiel Albornoz, Guillermo Bahr, Alejandro J. Vila, and Alejandra Corso. "Triton Hodge Test: Improved Protocol for Modified Hodge Test for Enhanced Detection of NDM and Other Carbapenemase Producers." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 3 (2015): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01298-15.

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Accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli is of utmost importance for the control of nosocomial spread and the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The modified Hodge test (MHT), a carbapenem inactivation assay, has shown poor sensitivity in detecting the worldwide spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). Recent studies demonstrated that NDM is a lipoprotein anchored to the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, unlike all other known carbapenemases. Here we report that membrane anchoring of β-lactamases precludes detection of carbapenemase activity by the MHT. We also show that this limitation can be overcome by the addition of Triton X-100 during the test, which allows detection of NDM. We propose an improved version of the assay, called the Triton Hodge test (THT), which allows detection of membrane-bound carbapenemases with the addition of this nonionic surfactant. This test was challenged with a panel of 185 clinical isolates (145 carrying known carbapenemase-encoding genes and 40 carbapenemase nonproducers). The THT displayed test sensitivity of &gt;90% against NDM-producing clinical isolates, while improving performance against other carbapenemases. Ertapenem provided the highest sensitivity (97 to 100%, depending on the type of carbapenemase), followed by meropenem (92.5 to 100%). Test specificity was not affected by the addition of Triton (87.5% and 92.5% with ertapenem and meropenem, respectively). This simple inexpensive test confers a large improvement to the sensitivity of the MHT for the detection of NDM and other carbapenemases.
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HauwaYakubu, Yerima Iliyasu Mahmud, Salisu Asma'u, Ibrahim Sulaiman Abdulmumin, Tahir Fatima, and Uba Auwalu. "Phenotypic detection of Carbapenamase among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples using modified Hodged test." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 3 (2020): 135–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4415157.

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Carbapenemases are microbial enzymes that confer resistance to virtually all available beta-lactam antibiotics and the most frequent carbapenemases are the&nbsp;<em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>&nbsp;Carbapenamase (KPC). Detection of carbapenemases is a significant infection control strategy as the enzymes are often associated with extensive antimicrobial resistance, therapeutic failures and mortality associated with infectious diseases. A total of 400 clinical samples were collected from different groups of patients in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria and 118 K. pneumoniae were isolated using standard microbiological techniques. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, then screened for Carbapenamase production using modified Hodge test. The results indicated that the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (61.9%), Ceftriaxone (50.8%) and Ceftazidime (50.8%), then Ciprofloxacin (54.2%), but predominantly sensitive to Imipenem (66.9%), Eterpenem (60.2%) and Meropenem (65.3%). It was found that 38 (32.2%) of the isolates phenotypically shows the presence of Carbapenamase, with highest frequency of (40.7%) among patients, mainly adult females with cases of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and the least from wound (11.8%).This study revealed that the isolates produced other beta-lactamases than KPC or variants of Carbapenamase that cannot be detected by modified Hodge test, thus shows low resistance to carbapenems. Therefore further studies is needed to genotypically confirm the presence of KPC in these isolates.
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BAYRAMOĞLU, Gülçin, Gülşen ULUÇAM, Çiğdem GENÇOĞLU ÖZGÜR, Ali Osman KILIÇ, and Faruk AYDIN. "Comparison of the Modified Hodge Test and the Carba NP Test for Detection of Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 50, no. 1 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.10861.

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Konar, Jayashree, and Indrani Bhattacharyya. "SOME STRANGE FINDINGS: NON-INTERPRETABLE PATTERNS IN MODIFIED HODGE TEST." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2, no. 43 (2013): 8302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/1457.

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Patidar, Nisha, Nitya Vyas, Shanoo Sharma, and Babita Sharma. "Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 13, no. 01 (2021): 014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723859.

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Abstract Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE. Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z-test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence. Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modified hodge test"

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Ribeiro, Vanessa Bley. "Detecção de resistência aos carbapenêmicos e avaliação da produção de klebsiella pnemoniae carbapenemase (kpc) em isolados clínicos da família enterobacteriaceae." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72995.

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As enterobactérias são importantes pátogenos comunitários e hospitalares e o aparecimento cada vez mais frequente de cepas multirresistentes tem sido motivo de preocupação em hospitais e instituições de saúde por todo o mundo, devido às opções terapêuticas restritas. Nas últimas décadas, o aumento global de cepas produtoras de β-lactamases plasmidiais induzíveis e β-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL), fizeram com que os carbapenêmicos fossem considerados a primeira opção para o tratamento de infecções graves. No entanto, a resistência aos carbapenêmicos já é considerada um problema de saúde pública em diversos países e a produção da enzima Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC) tem sido descrita como o principal mecanismo de resistência a esta classe de antibióticos na família Enterobacteriaceae. Considerando que apenas relatos esporádicos de cepas produtoras de KPC têm sido reportados no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em contraste à situação de muitos estados brasileiros, este estudo teve por objetivo estabelecer a prevalência de KPC entre isolados com reduzida sensibilidade aos carbapenêmicos provenientes de 11 hospitais do RS, promover a caracterização molecular destes isolados, bem como avaliar as principais metodologias fenotípicas utilizadas na sua detecção. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os perfis de sensibilidade a imipenem (IPM) e meropenem (MEM), quando comparados ao de ertapenem (ERT), sendo que para este último menos de 10% dos isolados foram considerados sensíveis em comparação a mais de 73% para os dois primeiros. Nossos resultados também demonstraram que a redução de sensibilidade aos carbapenêmicos esteve associada à produção de β-lactamases do tipo AmpC e ESBL, em detrimento de carbapenemases. Dentre as principais carbapenemases encontradas em enterobactérias, apenas cepas produtoras de KPC foram detectadas entre os isolados estudados, cuja prevalência foi de 4%. Entre os produtores de KPC, foram identificadas espécies de E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens e K. georgiana, provenientes de quatro hospitais distintos. A análise por sequenciamento revelou que todos foram produtores da enzima KPC-2. Quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade, a maioria foi altamente resistente aos β-lactâmicos e às quinolonas, enquanto que, amicacina e polimixima foram os antibióticos mais efetivos contra os isolados in vitro. Dois grupos clonais foram evidenciados entre os isolados de E. cloacae e S. marcescens e quatro entre os isolados de K. pneumoniae, na análise por PFGE. Com relação ao contexto genético que envolve o blaKPC-2, apenas uma caracterização parcial foi possível, evidenciando uma plataforma alterada em relação ao ambiente genético clássico (Tn4401). A análise plasmidial dos produtores de KPC resultou em plasmídeos de tamanhos variáveis, evidenciando a maior prevalência de plasmídeos de ~20Kb no carreamento do gene. A análise também revelou que todos foram não- tipáveis pela técnica de PBRT. Com relação às metodologias fenotípicas utilizadas na detecção de KPC, o IPM apresentou melhor desempenho que o MEM na realização do teste de discos combinados com ácido borônico (AB), resultando em 100% de sensibilidade (SN) e 96.1% de especificidade (SP). A quantificação do Teste Modificado de Hodge (MHT), proposta neste trabalho, eliminou a subjetividade na sua interpretação e evidenciou um aumento considerável na SP do teste em relação à metodologia convencional. Em conclusão, nossos resultados confirmaramm a elevada plasticidade genética e os diversos fenótipos observados na família Enterobacteriaceae; contribuíram para o conhecimento da epidemiologia local de resistência aos carbapenêmicos e dos isolados produtores de KPC; bem como reforçaram o valor das metodologias fenotípicas como ferramenta capaz de discriminar os mecanismos envolvidos na resistência aos carbapenêmicos.<br>The Enterobacteriaceae family includes important community and nosocomial pathogens frequently associated to multirresistance. Multidrug-resistant strains represent an important concern among hospitals and healthcare institutions around the world, due to the limited therapeutic options. In recent decades, the overall increase of strains producing inducible β-lactamases and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) has lead to the use of carbapenems as the first option for the treatment of serious infections. However, the carbapenem resistance has been considered a public health problem in many countries and the production of the enzyme Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) has been described as the major resistance mechanism to carbapenems in this family. Whereas only sporadic reports of KPC-producing strains have been reported in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in contrast to the situation in many Brazilian states, this study aimed to establish the prevalence of KPC among isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems from 11 disctinct hospitals of RS, promote the molecular characterization of these isolates, as well as evaluate the main phenotypic methods used for KPC detection. Significant differences were observed among the susceptibility profiles of imipenem (IPM) and meropenem (MEM), when compared to ertapenem (ERT): less than 10% of the isolates were classified as susceptible to ERT compared to over 73% to IPM and MEM. Our results demonstrated that the reduced susceptibility to carbapenems, was mainly due to the production of AmpC β-lactamases and ESBL, instead of true carbapenemases. Regarding the major carbapenemases found in Enterobacteriaceae, only KPC was detected among the isolates studied, at a prevalence of 4%. KPC producers included the species E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens and K. georgiana, from four different hospitals. The sequencing analysis demonstrated that all of them were KPC-2 producers. According to the susceptibility profile, most were highly resistant to β-lactams and quinolones, whereas polymyxin and amikacin were the most effective drugs in vitro. Two clonal groups were detected among isolates of E. cloacae and S. marcescens and four among isolates of K. pneumoniae, by PFGE analysis. Only a partial characterization of the genetic context that involves the blaKPC-2 gene was possible for these isolates, indicating an altered platform compared to the classic genetic environment (Tn4401). The plasmid analysis indicated plasmids of variable sizes, with a higher prevalence of those of ~ 20Kb involved with the blaKPC-2 gene. The analysis also showed that all of them were non-typable by PBRT technique. With respect to the phenotypic methods used for KPC detection, IPM proved to present a better performance than MEM in the combined-disc test with boronic acid (AB), resulting in 100% of sensitivity (SN) and 96.1% of specificity (SP). The quantification of Modified Hodge Test (MHT), proposed in this study, eliminated the subjectivity of this test leading to a considerable increase in the SP of the test compared to the conventional methodology. In conclusion, our results confirmed the high genetic plasticity and the distinct phenotypes observed in the Enterobacteriaceae family; contributed to the knowledge of the local epidemiology of carbapenem resistance and for KPC-producing isolates; as well as reinforced the use of phenotypic methods as an useful tool able to discriminate the mechanisms involved in carbapenem resistance.
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Book chapters on the topic "Modified hodge test"

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"The Modified Hodge Confirmatory Test (or the Carbapenem Inactivation Test) for Carbapenemase Production in Enterobacteriaceae." In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook. ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818814.ch5.13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Modified hodge test"

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K. Alkhudhairy, Miaad, and Mahasin Sifir Madkhur. "Detection of Proteus Mirabilis Carrying blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM Genes Related to Urinary Tract Infections." In IX. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress9-4.

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Background: Proteus mirabilis is a bacterium that causes many serious systematic infections. The aim of the study: Determination of Proteus mirabilis carrying blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes related to urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: 402 samples of urine were randomly collected from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections at Al-Sadder Hospital in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq, from October 2022 to December 2023. Results: 71 (17.7%) isolates of P. mirabilis were identified according to microscopic, culture, and biochemical characteristics, then were tested for their ability to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases by the two phenotypic methods: double disc synergy test and modified Hodge test. 19 (26.8%) extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producers, which had previously been evaluated using the phenotypic method, were subjected to the investigation of β-lactamases encoding genes by using the polymerase chain reaction technique. This molecular technique detected 8 (42.1%) isolates carrying single β-lactamases encoding gene, 7 (36.8%) isolates had blaCTX-M gene, only one isolate (5.3%) carried blaSHV gene, and no single blaTEM gene was detected in any isolate. 3 (15.8%) isolates harbored multiple genes: blaCTX-M and blaTEM. Conclusions: blaCTX-M gene was found to be more predominant among the extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producer under study than other genes
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