Relevant bibliographies by topics / Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)"

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Dowrick, David J., Graham T. Hancox, Nick D. Perrin, and Grant D. Dellow. "The Modified Mercalli intensity scale." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.41.3.193-205.

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Recent studies of the effects and Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities of New Zealand earthquakes have established criteria that will improve the reliability of intensities assigned using a number of effects, particularly the incidence of chimney damage and a wide range of environmental phenomena. The proportions of brittle chimneys which were damaged at intensities MM5–MM10 have been counted from the very detailed database of the 1968 Mw 7.2 Inangahua earthquake, and are shown to relate well to the proportions of chimneys which fell in 10 other earthquakes. Criteria based on environmental effects at intensities MM5-MM10 have been extended based on detailed studies of 22 earthquakes. These criteria have been adopted in an international intensity scale for environmental effects. It was also found that the stopping of clocks should be a criterion for MM3, not MM5, and similarly the disturbance of liquids should be used at the threshold intensity of MM3 rather than MM4, as in the present MM intensity scale. With the probable saturation of intensity at MM10, the criteria for MM12 have been omitted.
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Dowrick, D. J. "The Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 29, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.29.2.92-106.

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The 1992 New Zealand version of the Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity scale, was the result of a major multi-disciplinary review, and comments were invited. This paper results from considerable use of the 1992 scale in recent studies of twenty two New Zealand earthquakes including two of magnitude Ms7.8, and insights into the scale gained from studies of the well-documented Mw6.6 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake. Improvements to the 1992 New Zealand MM intensity scale are offered, including criteria for chimney damage at MM6 to MM8, and also criteria for MM10 to MM12 based on a simple matrix procedure of logical extrapolation from lower intensities, and the use of new construction categories. Discussions of the influence of ground conditions at high intensities, and on definitions of the key terms "partial collapse", "collapse" and "destroyed", are included.
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Onur, Tuna, Carlos E. Ventura, and W. D. Liam Finn. "A comparison of two regional seismic damage estimation methodologies." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-084.

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This paper presents a comparison of the two main regional damage estimation methodologies currently in use, namely the modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) based approach and the spectral parameter based approach. In the first methodology, expected damage is related to ground shaking intensity in terms of MMI through damage probability matrices. In the second methodology, the ground motion intensity is described in terms of spectral acceleration (SA), and building response in terms of spectral displacement (SD). Both methodologies were applied to buildings in Vancouver of three different construction types: single-family wood-frame houses, low-rise unreinforced masonry buildings, and high-rise concrete frame structures with concrete shear walls. The two methodologies predict damage that lies in the same general damage categories of light and moderate, which are defined by fairly broad ranges in mean damage factors. The specific mean damage factors predicted by the two methods for a given location are significantly different, however. The significant differences in mean damage factors imply significant differences in damage costs and hence in seismic risk.Key words: earthquake, damage, seismic risk, vulnerability, modified Mercalli intensity (MMI), spectral response, displacement, acceleration.
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Boatwright, John, Howard Bundock, and Linda C. Seekins. "Using Modified Mercalli Intensities to Estimate Acceleration Response Spectra for the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 22, no. 2_suppl (April 2006): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2186348.

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We derive and test relations between the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) and the pseudo-acceleration response spectra at 1.0 and 0.3 s— SA(1.0 s) and SA(0.3 s)—in order to map response spectral ordinates for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Recent analyses of intensity have shown that MMI ≥ 6 correlates both with peak ground velocity and with response spectra for periods from 0.5 to 3.0 s. We use these recent results to derive a linear relation between MMI and log SA(1.0 s), and we refine this relation by comparing the SA(1.0 s) estimated from Boatwright and Bundock's (2005) MMI map for the 1906 earthquake to the SA(1.0 s) calculated from recordings of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. South of San Jose, the intensity distributions for the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes are remarkably similar, despite the difference in magnitude and rupture extent between the two events. We use recent strong motion regressions to derive a relation between SA(1.0 s) and SA(0.3 s) for a M7.8 strike-slip earthquake that depends on soil type, acceleration level, and source distance. We test this relation by comparing SA(0.3 s) estimated for the 1906 earthquake to SA(0.3 s) calculated from recordings of both the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1994 Northridge earthquakes, as functions of distance from the fault.
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Ebel, John E., and David J. Wald. "Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data." Earthquake Spectra 19, no. 3 (August 2003): 511–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1596549.

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We describe a new probabilistic method that uses observations of modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) from past earthquakes to make quantitative estimates of ground shaking parameters (i.e., peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, 5% damped spectral acceleration values, etc.). The method uses a Bayesian approach to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities of different levels of ground motions from intensity data given an earthquake of known location and magnitude. The method utilizes probability distributions from an intensity/ground motion data set along with a ground motion attenuation relation to estimate the ground motion from intensity. The ground motions with the highest probabilities are the ones most likely experienced at the site of the MMI observation. We test the method using MMI/ground motion data from California and published ground motion attenuation relations to estimate the ground motions for several earthquakes: 1999 Hector Mine, California (M7.1); 1988 Saguenay, Quebec (M5.9); and 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire (M4.4). In an example where the method is applied to a historic earthquake, we estimate that the peak ground accelerations associated with the 1727 (M∼5.2) earthquake at Newbury, Massachusetts, ranged from 0.23 g at Newbury to 0.06 g at Boston.
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Dowrick, D. J., and W. J. Cousins. "Historical incidence of Modified Mercalli intensity in New Zealand and comparisons with hazard models." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 36, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.36.1.1-24.

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The historical incidence of Modified Mercalli intensity produced by earthquakes of magnitude Mw ≥ 5.25 and depth ≤ 100 km has been determined for 47 locations in New Zealand for the period 1840-1997 inclusive. Maps for the return periods of intensities MM4 - MM7 were prepared. The effects of the highly attenuating Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) were shown to be important for hazard both in the zone and in areas to the north-west of it. The rate of occurrence of the higher intensities was found to be about 2.5 times greater in the first century of the study period than in the last 50 years. The historical seismic hazard rates for intensities MM5 and MM6 averaged across the country were found to be approximately half those of the now obsolete Smith & Berryman seismic hazard model, and 70% of those of the more recent Stirling et al model.
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Shabestari, Khosrow T., and Fumio Yamazaki. "A Proposal of Instrumental Seismic Intensity Scale Compatible with MMI Evaluated from Three-Component Acceleration Records." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 4 (November 2001): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1425814.

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Seismic intensity provides useful information on the regional distribution of earthquake effects and has been used to assess seismic hazards and damages. The concept of intensity has been considered as a method to classify severity of the ground motion on the basis of observed effects in the stricken area. In 1996, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) developed a new seismic intensity measurement scale using three-component strong ground motion records in order to provide a measure of the strength of the seismic motion, which is compatible with the existing JMA intensity scale. By applying a band-pass filter to the frequency domain and a vectoral composition of the three components in the time domain, the JMA seismic intensity scale (IJMA) can be calculated without subjective judgement. In this study, we apply the IJMA method to the acceleration records of three recent significant earthquakes in California. For a Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) between IV and VIII, a new relation between MMI and log a0, obtained in the process of calculating the new IJMA, is given by the equation MMI=3.93 log a0−1.17. We propose this relation as a new instrumental seismic intensity (IMM) compatible with the California region MMI.
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Iswahyudi, Iswahyudi, and Emmy Darmawati. "Introduksi Pengukuran Getaran Berbasis Android Saat Transportasi Jambu Air Camplong." Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbeta.2021.v09.i01.p13.

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ABSTRAK Jambu air camplong (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) merupakan buah unggulan Madura yang bernilai ekonomis, dibutuhkan dalam bentuk segar namun mudah rusak. Kesegaran produk akan terjaga jika dilakukan pengemasan dan transportasi yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan transportasi sesungguhnya jambu air camplong dan memperkenalkan cara baru mengukur getaran berbasis Android. Skala pengukuran getaran di lapangan adalah MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengukuran getaran menggunakan Android menggambarkan langsung pengaruh getaran saat transportasi terhadap kemasan, getaran yang ditimbulkan sebesar 7-8 MMI dan gaya yang ditimbulkan sebesar 0,8 – 1,2 kgf sehingga tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemasan yang digunakan. Persentase kerusakan mekanis jambu air camplong pasca transportasi sebesar 20.87 % pada kemasan petani dan 7.70 % pada kemasan RSC. ABSTRACT The camplong water apple (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) is a superior fruit of Madura which has economic value. It is needed in fresh form but is easily damaged. Product freshness will be maintained if proper packaging and transportation are carried out. The purpose of this research was to carry out the actual transportation of guava water and introduced a new way of measuring vibrations based on Android. The scale for measuring vibrations in the field was based on MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale). The results showed that the measurement of vibration using Android directly illustrated the effect of vibration during transportation on the packaging, the vibration generated was 7-8 MMI and the resulting force was 0.8 - 1.2 kgf so that it did not affect the packaging used. The percentage of mechanical damage to guava air camplong after transportation was 20.87% on farmer packaging and 7.70% on RSC packaging.
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Goded, Tatiana, Matt Gerstenberger, Mark Stirling, Jim Cousins, and Silvia Canessa. "High-Intensity Assignments for the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand, Earthquake: A Contribution toward Understanding the Severe Damage Caused by This Event." Seismological Research Letters 90, no. 4 (April 17, 2019): 1468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220180385.

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ABSTRACT This article presents modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) data for the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake. These data include intensity levels above MMI 8 that have not been assigned previously. Two sources of data have been used in this research: GeoNet’s “Felt Classic” online questionnaires and felt reports gathered during a field study in Christchurch in February 2013. Taken together, these sets of data provided 331 valid (i.e., with all the needed information) felt reports in areas of MMI 8 or above, with 299 (90%) of the reports used to assign MMI levels above 8. This article presents a more detailed picture of the geographical damage distribution of this earthquake than has previously been available. The data differentiate damage in the center of Christchurch, with 8 communities assigned a community MMI (CMMI) of 9, 11 communities a CMMI of 10, and 8 communities a CMMI of 11, which is the maximum possible intensity in the New Zealand MMI scale, and a level of intensity not previously reported in New Zealand (Dowrick et al., 2008). The geographical damage distribution for Christchurch has been updated for intensities below MMI 8. This was done using a recently developed method that groups intensity data and allows intensities to be aggregated for a community and a single value assigned. Comparisons between MMI and peak ground velocity using the CMMI data and two ground-motion intensity correlation equations (GMICEs) indicate an underestimation of MMI when using the GMICEs and the need to review New Zealand’s GMICE.
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Bodle, Thomas. "Microzoning the Likelihood of Strong Spectral Amplification of Earthquake Motions Using MMI Surveys and Surface Geology." Earthquake Spectra 8, no. 4 (November 1992): 501–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585693.

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A statistically based microzonation tool for delineating zones within a region most susceptible to strong spectral amplification of earthquake accelerations in the 2 to 4 Hertz range is introduced using detailed Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) surveys and surface geology. A rationale for the research method is discussed using four arguments: the Fourier spectral analysis of earthquake ground motions and the spectral response method; an empirical versus a theoretical justification, low cost, and a consideration for previous research into the topic specific to the area of the case study chosen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)"

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Bilal, Mustafa. "Relationships Between Felt Intensity And Recorded Ground Motion Parameters For Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615426/index.pdf.

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Earthquakes are among natural disasters with significant damage potential
however it is possible to reduce the losses by taking several remedies. Reduction of seismic losses starts with identifying and estimating the expected damage to some accuracy. Since both the design styles and the construction defects exhibit mostly local properties all over the world, damage estimations should be performed at regional levels. Another important issue in disaster mitigation is to determine a robust measure of ground motion intensity parameters. As of now, well-built correlations between shaking intensity and instrumental ground motion parameters are not yet studied in detail for Turkish data. In the first part of this thesis, regional empirical Damage Probability Matrices (DPMs) are formed for Turkey. As the input data, the detailed damage database of the 17 August 1999 Kocaeli earthquake (Mw=7.4) is used. The damage probability matrices are derived for Sakarya, Bolu and Kocaeli, for both reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. Results are compared with previous similar studies and the differences are discussed. After validation with future data, these DPMs can be used in the calculation of earthquake insurance premiums. In the second part of this thesis, two relationships between the felt-intensity and peak ground motion parameters are generated using linear least-squares regression technique. The first one correlates Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) to Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) whereas the latter one does the same for Peak Ground Velocity (PGV). Old damage reports and isoseismal maps are employed for deriving 92 data pairs of MMI, PGA and PGV used in the regression analyses. These local relationships can be used in the future for ShakeMap applications in rapid response and disaster management activities.
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Books on the topic "Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)"

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Modified Mercalli intensities for some recent California earthquakes and historic San Francisco Bay region earthquakes. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)"

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"Appendix B: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale." In Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, 706–7. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470172841.app2.

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"Appendix A: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (NZ 2007)." In Earthquake Resistant Design and Risk Reduction, 511–16. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470747018.app1.

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"Appendix A: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (NZ 1996)." In Earthquake Risk Reduction, 489–94. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470869356.app1.

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Reports on the topic "Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)"

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Cajka, M. G. The 1925 Charlevoix, Québec earthquake: re-evaluation of the Canadian intensity data using the Modified Mercalli Scale. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211009.

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