Journal articles: 'Modified resins'

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Zhang, Ji Zhi, Xiao Ying Liu, Ying Ying Qiu, Xiao Mei Wang, Jian Zhang Li, and Shi Feng Zhang. "Performances of Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resins for Bonding Plywood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3170.

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Urea-formaldehyde resin was modified by a modifier with different synthetic processes labelled as UFM1, UFM2, and UFM3 respectively. As a comparison, normal UF resin with a F/U molar ratio of 1.1 labelled as UF0 was synthesized. The thermal behavior of modified urea-formaldehyde resins was studied by TG-DTA techniques, and the properties of plywood bonded with the UFM resins were investigated. The conclusions were as follows: (1) the modifier used in this study could significantly reduce the free formaldehyde content of urea-formaldehyde resin and the formaldehyde emission of plywood; (2) The exothermic peak temperatures of DTA curve were 129.37, 125.05, 120.98, and 116.11 °C for UF0, UFM1, UFM2, and UFM3 respectively. (3) The plywood manufactured with UFM2 and UFM3 resins have high bonding strength (1.28MPa and 1.59MPa) and low formaldehyde emission value (E1 grade).

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Yao, Da Hu, Yu Qing Zhang, and Joong Hee Lee. "Increasing Cryogenic Strength of Epoxy Resin Modified by Reactive Macroglycol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 2056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.2056.

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A bisphenol-A glycidol ether epoxy resin was toughened in cryogenic temperature using reactive macroglycol as modifiers. The properties of modified epoxy resin were characterized by SEM and DMA. Phase-separated structure formed during curing process in the PPG and PTMG modified epoxy resins system, and did not occurred in the PEO modified epoxy resins system. The impact strength of epoxy resin increased at both room temperature (RT) and cryogenic temperature (CT, 77 K) using PEO as modifier. The DMA results confirm that the introduction of PEO chains in the structure of the epoxy increases the mobility of the molecular segment of epoxy network at both RT and CT.

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Zhang, Shi Feng, Jian Zhang Li, Ji Zhi Zhang, Yong Hua Li, and Qiang Gao. "Study on Properties of Modified Low Molar Ratio Urea-Formaldehyde Resins (I)." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2016.

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For improving the performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, modified low molar ratio UF resins were developed to improve water resistance properties and reduce the formaldehyde emission of its bonded products. The effects of modifier feeding amount on the character of the cured resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement. The viscosity, pH value, solid content, free formaldehyde content, pot time, and curing time of the UF resins were also tested according to Chinese National Standards methods. The results show that the modified 1.00 molar ratio UF resins show lower free formaldehyde content and higher boiling-water-resistance comparing with unmodified ones. The boiling-water-resistant bonding strength of poplar plywood bonded with modified UF resin at 140 °C hot-press temperature can reach type I grade (100 °C water bath 3h) plywood requirement and the formaldehyde emission can meet the E0 grade plywood need.

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Li, Qi, Xiaosheng Liu, Huidong Su, An Mao, and Hui Wan. "Improving Performance of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins Modified/Blended with Phenol-Rich Pyrolysis Bio-Oil." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 4 (2020): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00026.

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Abstract In this study, we compare the panel performance of plywood made with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins modified and blended with phenol-rich bio-oil produced from pyrolysis of biomass. The modified PF resins were synthesized with phenol-rich bio-oil at phenol substitutions of 10, 25, 50, and 75 percent. The blended PF resins were prepared by blending control PF resin with phenol-rich bio-oil at 4, 13, 23, and 38 percent by weight. These resins were examined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and evaluated as plywood binders. The results indicated that the apparent viscosities of modified PF resins were similar to those of control PF resin, while the apparent viscosities of blended PF resins increased with the addition of phenol-rich bio-oil. As the amount of phenol-rich bio-oil increased, the gel times of both modified and blended PF resins decreased first and then increased. FTIR results showed that modified PF resins with up to 25 percent substitution had FTIR spectra similar to those of control PF resin, while blended PF resins with a higher amount of added bio-oil had spectra more like those of bio-oil. TGA results showed that at temperatures of 25°C to 400°C, both modified and blended PF resins with high bio-oil content had better thermal stability than the control PF resin. Panel tests showed that modifying or synthesizing PF resin with phenol-rich bio-oil up to 50 percent increased both dry and wet bond strength. Blending PF resin with phenol-rich bio-oil up to 13 percent increased both dry and wet bond strength compared with control PF resin.

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Ayrilmis, Nadir, and Günay Özbay. "TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD BONDED WITH PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESOL RESIN SYNTHESIZED WITH BIO-OIL." CERNE 23, no. 4 (2017): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201723042351.

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ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to use of bio-oil as an alternative to petroleum-based phenol in the production of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin used for making exterior plywood.Bio-oil obtained from pine wood sawdust using a vacuum pyrolysis reactor at 500 °C. The PF resol resins were produced by substituting up to 20 wt% of phenol with bio-oil by modifying the chemical synthesis process. FT-IRanalysis was performed to characterizethe organic functional groups in the bio-oil modified PF resins. In comparison to the commercial and lab-made PF resins, the bio-oil modified PF resins were found to have larger average molecular weights, higher polydispersity indices, and shorter gel times. Six different types of plywood panels were produced from the experimental PF resins which were commercial PF resin, lab-made PF resin, and PF resins modified with bio oil of 5, 10, 15 or 20 wt% contents, respectively. Plywood specimens produced with the PF resin modified with bio-oil up to 20 wt% had better tensile shear strength (wet condition), modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity in bending as compared to the commercial and lab-made PF resins.

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Kizilcan, N., and B. Erson. "Novel phenylacetylene based ketonic resins." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 4 (2015): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2014-0052.

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Purpose – This paper aims to report the synthesis of resins having fluorescence properties, with the help of phenylacetylene (PhAc) by one-step method of in situ modification of ketonic resin. Cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin (CFR) and acetophenone formaldehyde resin (AFR) were in situ modified with PhAc, in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by condensation polymerisation. Design/methodology/approach – Ketone, formalin and phenylacetylene were mixed and then 20% aqueous NaOH solution was added to produce the phenylacethylene modified ketonic resin. The solubility, molecular weight and thermal properties of the products were investigated. Findings – These new PhAc-modified ketonic resins (PAc-CFR and PAc-AFR) have fluorescence properties. Research limitations/implications – This study focuses on obtaining a fluorescence resin using a cyclohexanone, acetophenone and PhAc monomer which is an insulator. Practical implications – This study provides technical information for the synthesis of fluorescence comonomers. The modified resins contain acetylene groups. A chemical redox or radical system can be used to polymerise these acetylene groups and resins with much higher molecular weight. The resins may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating and corrosion inhibition to metal surfaces of a coating. Social implications – The resins will be used for the preparation of AB- and ABA-type block copolymers. These block copolymers may exhibit different properties due to incorporation of monomer into the block copolymer structure. Originality/value – PAc-CFR and PAc-AFR have been synthesised in the presence of a basic catalyst. Higher solubility and fluorescence intensity of the modified ketonic resins may increase their applications in the field of electroactive polymers and open new areas. These comonomers have fluorescence property.

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Liu, Wei, Yuxi Zhang, Shui Wang, Lisen Bai, Yanhui Deng, and Jingzhong Tao. "Effect of Pore Size Distribution and Amination on Adsorption Capacities of Polymeric Adsorbents." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175267.

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Polymeric adsorbents with different properties were synthesized via suspension polymerization. Equilibrium and kinetics experiments were then performed to verify the adsorption capacities of the resins for molecules of various sizes. The adsorption of small molecules reached equilibrium more quickly than the adsorption of large molecules. Furthermore, the resins with small pores are easy to lower their adsorption capacities for large molecules because of the pore blockage effect. After amination, the specific surface areas of the resins decreased. The average pore diameter decreased when the resin was modified with either primary or tertiary amines, but the pore diameter increased when the resin was modified with secondary amines. The phenol adsorption capacities of the amine-modified resins were reduced because of the decreased specific area. The amine-modified resins could more efficiently adsorb reactive brilliant blue 4 owing to the presence of polar functional groups.

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Tian, Xiu Juan. "Thermal Stabilities and the Thermal Degradation Kinetics Study of the Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.263.

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Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of epoxy resins with 2-(Diphenylphosphinyl)-1, 4-benzenediol were investegated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates of 5 K/min, 10 K/min, 20 K/min and 40 K/min. The thermal degradation kinetic mechanism and models of the modified epoxy resins were determined by Coast Redfern method.The results showed that epoxy resins modified with the flame retardant had more thermal stability than pure epoxy resin. The solid-state decomposition mechanism of epoxy resin and the modified epoxy resin corresponded to the controlled decelerating ځ˽̈́˰̵̳͂͆ͅ˼˰̴̱̾˰̸̵̈́˰̵̸̳̱̹̽̾̓̽˰̶̳̹̾̈́̿̾̓ͅ˰̶˸ځ˹˰̵̵͇͂˰̃˸́˽ځ˹2/3. The introduction of phosphorus-containing flame retardant reduced thermal degradation rate of epoxy resins in the primary stage, and promote the formation of carbon layer.

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Kim, Seung Wook, Gae Ho Lee, and Gwi Suk Heo. "Identification of Tackifying Resins and Reinforcing Resins in Cured Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 1 (1999): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538788.

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Abstract On-line thermogravimetic analysis/Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (TGA/FT-IR) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were employed to identify the tackifying resins and reinforcing resins in cured rubber. Py-GC/MS gave better results in the identification of the resins than the on- line TGA/FT-IR method. The mass spectra of resins in cured rubber were characterized by comparing the mass spectra of the pyrolyzates of raw resins and those of cured rubber containing the resins. t-Butylphenol acetylene condensed resin, coumarone-indene, C5-oligomeric Escorez 1102, modified wood rosin, and reinforcing modified cashew resin were studied. The results show that on-line Py-GC/MS is powerful tool in the analysis of the resins in cured rubber. The diagnostic m/z values of the resins for direct analysis in cured rubber were summarized. Reasonable structural information for resins could be acquired by the characteristic fragmentation patterns.

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Yang, Jie, Xin Mao, Lirong Du, et al. "Thermally stabilized bismaleimide–triazine resin composites for 10-GHz level high-frequency application." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 7 (2017): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317732396.

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A hybrid cured resin with excellent dielectric and thermal properties was prepared with bismaleimide–triazine (BT) resin modified with 2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (DBA). The thermal and dielectric properties of the resin were investigated, and the effect of DBA concentration on the curing reaction was determined. Results indicated that DBA significantly influenced the curing reaction and the properties of the cured product. The modified BT resins exhibited outstanding thermal stability (initial decomposition temperature was over 400°C), although the stability was slightly lower than that of pure BT resins. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the cured resin decreased when DBA was introduced into the BT resins. Moreover, the fabricated resins showed dielectric constant of 2.91–3.07 and dielectric loss lower than 0.0057 under the testing high-frequency range of 1 GHz to 15 GHz. Overall, the BT resins modified by DBA display great potential to be applied in high frequency field.

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11

Zhang, Xiaofeng, Shuangying Wei, and Zhenhua Gao. "Moisture-curing polyurethane resins modified by multi-hydroxymethylated phenol." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 2 (2014): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-12-2012-0087.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of multi-hydroxymethylated phenol (MHMP) on the properties of moisture-curing polyurethane (PU) resin, especially on the heat resistance. Design/methodology/approach – The MHMPs with various active sites from 2.52 to 3.91 were synthesised and used as a modifier. The bond test (according to the JIS K6806-2003 standard) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used, respectively, to characterise the bond durability and heat resistance of MHMP-modified PU resin. Findings – The MHMP with various F/P mole ratios had great effects on the properties of resultant PU resins. The increase of active sites of MHMP can improve the water resistance of resin due to the more cross-linking densities, while the decrease of active sites of MHMP can improve heat resistance of resin because more stable benzene ring introduced into the PU backbone. Research limitations/implications – In cases where heat resistance of the PU resin is of primary concern, the use of MHMP with fewer active sites or a lower F/P ratio is recommended. In other cases where bond durability is focussed, the modifier MHMP shall be synthesised with higher F/P ratio. Practical implications – MHMP as a modifier can be used to improve the heat resistance of PU resin. Originality/value – The MHMPs with various hydroxymethyl groups were synthesised and used as modifier of moisture-curing PU resins to improve their heat resistance.

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Ying, Zong Rong, Hai Shen Liu, Rui Yan, Tian Yin Yang, and Zhi Min Dang. "Preparation and Fertilizer-Permeation Performance of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Modified by Montmorillonite." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 1441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.1441.

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Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins modified by montmorillonite(MMT) were prepared for coating materials of controlled-release fertilizers. The influences of MMT on the mechanical properties and fertilizer-permeation performance of UF resin were studied. The mechanical properties of modified UF resins are enhanced by the addition of MMT. The shear strength of modified UF resin with 3% MMT increases by nearly 20% and reaches the maximum. The urea permeation rate of modified UF resin membranes decreases with the increasing of membrane thickness and increases with the increasing of MMT content.

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13

MUSTATA, FANICA, and IOAN BICU. "Epoxy aniline formaldehyde resins modified with resin acids." Polimery 46, no. 07/08 (2001): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2001.534.

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Yivlik, Yusuf, Nilgun Kizilcan, and Ahmet Akar. "Isocyanuric acid-modified cyclohexanone–formaldehyde resins for fire-retardant polyurethane." Pigment & Resin Technology 49, no. 2 (2019): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2019-0025.

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Purpose Cyclohexanone–formaldehyde resin (CFR) was in situ modified with isocyanuric acid (ICA) in the presence of hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid by condensation polymerization. The purpose of this study is to produce isocyanuric acid-modified ketonic resins that have higher melting and decomposition temperature, and to use the produced resin in the production of fire-retardant polyurethane. Design/methodology/approach Two methods were used for in situ preparation of ICA-modified CFR in the presence of an acid catalyst. Method I: cyclohexanone, paraformaldehyde and ICA were mixed, and then an acid catalyst was added to form the modified CFR. Method II: ICA and formalin were mixed to produce N, N, N-trihydroxymethyl isocyanurate, and then water was removed under vacuum. The produced N, N, N-trihydroxymethyl isocyanurate solution was mixed with cyclohexanone and paraformaldehyde, then an acid catalyst was slowly added to this mixture to obtain ICA-modified CFR. Findings CFR was prepared in the presence of an acid catalyst. The product, CFR, has a dark red colour. The resulting resins have similar physical properties with the resin prepared in the presence of a basic catalyst. The solubility of ICA-modified CFR is much different than CFR in organic solvents. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on obtaining an ICA-modified ketonic resin. Cyanuric acid has the form of an enolic structure under a basic condition; therefore, it cannot give a product with formaldehyde under basic conditions. The modification experiments were carried out in acidic conditions. Practical implications This study provides technical information for in situ modification of ketonic resin in the presence of acid catalysts. The resins may also promote the adhesive strength of the coating and provide corrosion inhibition on metal surfaces for a coating. The modified resins may also be used in the field of fire-retardant polyurethane applications. Social implications These resins may be used for the preparation of non-toxic fire-retardant polyurethane foam. Polyurethane containing ICA-modified resin may exhibit better fire-retardant performance because of the incorporation of ICA molecule into the polyurethane structure. Originality/value ICA-modified CFRs have been synthesized in the presence of an acid catalyst, and the ICA-modified resin was used to produce fire-retardant polyurethane.

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Kızılcan, Nilgün, and Özlem Tamküpeli Koşar. "Carbazole modified ketonic resins." Pigment & Resin Technology 41, no. 2 (2012): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699421211210720.

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Kızılcan, Nilgün. "Lignosulphonate modified ketonic resins." Pigment & Resin Technology 41, no. 3 (2012): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699421211226453.

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HALASA, EUGENIUSZ. "Urethane-modified epoxide resins." Polimery 34, no. 12 (1989): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1989.527.

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Gao, Zhen Zhong, Li Tao Guan, Jin Sun, and Deng Yun Tu. "Preparation and Characteristic of Urea Formaldehyde Modified with Hexamethoxymethyl Melamine." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1245.

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Hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM) was used to modify UF resins to obtain good performance with low formaldehyde emission. The effect of urea to formaldehyde ratio, HMMM content on the properties of UF resin was studied in detail. The results suggested that urea to formaldehyde ratio to be 1:0.9 and 20% HMMM content is the optimum formulation to afford desired UF resin. The viscosity, solidification time, bond strength and formaldehyde emission of the modified UF resins were also studied. The results revealed that the performance of the modified UF achieved the chinese standard.

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Bayindir, Yusuf Ziya, and Mehmet Yildiz. "Surface Hardness Properties of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and Polyacid-Modified Composite Resins." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 5, no. 4 (2004): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-5-4-42.

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Abstract In this study the top and bottom surface hardness of two polyacid-modified composite resins (PMCRs), one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and one composite resin were evaluated. The affect of water storage on their hardness was also investigated. The study was conducted using four different groups, each having five specimens obtained from fiberglass die molds with a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 2 mm. Measurements were made on the top and bottom surface of each specimen and recorded after 24 hours and again at 60 days. All tested materials showed different hardness values, and the values of top surfaces of the specimens were found to be higher than the bottom surface in all test groups. There was no statistical difference in the Vickers hardness (HV) values when the test specimens were kept in water storage. In conclusion Hytac displayed microhardness values higher than Vitremer and Dyract. We found the order of HV values to be Surfil > Hytac > Dyract > Vitremer, respectively. Vitremer presented the lowest microhardness level and Surfil the highest. Citation Bayindir YZ, Yildiz M. Surface Hardness Properties of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements and Polyacid-Modified Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004 November;(5)4:042-049.

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Yuan, Wenjie, Yang Wang, Zhenhua Luo, Fenghua Chen, Hao Li, and Tong Zhao. "Improved Performances of SiBCN Powders Modified Phenolic Resins-Carbon Fiber Composites." Processes 9, no. 6 (2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060955.

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The effect of SiBCN powder on properties of phenolic resins and composites was analyzed. Compared with phenolic resins, the thermal stability of SiBCN powder modified phenolic resins (the SiBCN phenolic resins) by characterization of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) improved clearly. It was found by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that reactions between SiBCN powder and the pyrolysis product of phenolic resins were the main factor of the increased residual weight. TGA and static ablation of a muffle furnace were used to illustrate the roles of SiBCN powder on increasing oxidation resistance of SiBCN powder-modified phenolic resin–carbon fiber composites (SiBCN–phenolic/C composites), and the oxidative product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For SiBCN–phenolic/C composites, the occurrence of oxidation reaction and the formation of protective crust contributed to improving oxidative resistance. The result of the oxygen-acetylene test showed that the linear ablation rate (LAR) and mass ablation rate (MAR) of phenolic resin–carbon fiber composites reduced from 0.052 ± 0.005 mm/s to 0.038 ± 0.004 mm/s and from 0.050 ± 0.004 g/s to 0.043 ± 0.001 g/s by introducing SiBCN powder, respectively. The mechanism of ablation resistance after the introduction of SiBCN powder was investigated. The high melt-viscosity of SiBCN powder caused SiBCN powder to remain on the surface of composites and protect the internal resins and carbon fibers. The oxidation of SiBCN powder and volatilization of oxide can consume energy and oxygen, thus the ablation resistance of SiBCN–Ph composite was improved.

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Zoumpoulakis, L., and J. Simitzis. "Ion exchange resins from phenol/formaldehyde resin-modified lignin." Polymer International 50, no. 3 (2001): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.621.

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Thepsuwan, Uthai, Weenusarin Intiya, Promsak Sa-Nguanthammarong, Pongdhorn Sae-oui, Chakrit Sirisinha, and Puchong Thaptong. "Reinforcement of Bakelite Moulding Powder in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR): In Comparison with Cashew Nut Oil Modified Phenolic Resin." Scientific Review, no. 64 (April 20, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/sr.64.28.35.

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The influences of two phenolic resins, that is, cashew nut oil modified phenol-formaldehyde resin (CN-m-PF) and Bakelite moulding powder (BMP), on properties of carbon black filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were investigated and compared. Processability, cure characteristics, mechanical properties, thermal ageing resistance, and oil resistance of the NBR filled with various contents of phenolic resins (0-60 phr) were determined. The addition of both resins leads to a prolonged cure time with a greater value of torque difference. Regardless of the resin type, the improvement of compound processability and the enhancement of modulus and hardness of the NBR vulcanisates are observed with increasing resin content. However, many mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break and abrasion resistance are deteriorated. Thermal ageing resistance of the NBR vulcanisate is slightly improved in the presence of both resins, probably due to the dilution of NBR with the high heat-resistant phenol-formaldehyde resins. Results also disclose that all NBR vulcanisates demonstrate excellent oil resistance, regardless of the resin type and content. At any given resin content, CN-m-PF gives a better processability, higher stiffness and greater mechanical properties than BMP. However, due to its lower cost, BMP can be used to enhance stiffness of NBR vulcanisates without the risk of processing problem.

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Grynyshyn, Oleg, Olena Astakhova, and Taras Chervinskyy. "Production of Bitumen Modified by Petroleum Resins on the Basis of Tars of Ukrainian Oils." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 4, no. 3 (2010): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.03.241.

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Experimental results concerning main regularities of paraffin tar and petroleum resins joint oxidation are presented. It has been shown that petroleum resin in the amount of 5 mas % as raw material component allows to intensify oxidation and improve operational characteristics of obtained bitumen.

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Zhou, Yan, Fu Wei Huang, Fa Rong Huang, and Lei Du. "Preparation and Properties of Silicon-Containing Arylacetylene Resins with Octa(maleimidophenyl)silsesquioxane." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1152.

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Modified silicon-containing arylacetylene resins (DMSEPE-OMPS) were prepared from poly(dimethylsilyleneethynylenephenyleneethynylene) (DMSEPE) and Octa(maleimidophenyl)- silsesquioxane (OMPS). The curing reaction of DMSEPE-OMPS resin was studied by FT-IR and DSC techniques. Thermal stability and dielectric properties of cured DMSEPE-OMPS resins were determined. FT-IR and DSC analyses indicate that thermal polymerization of DMSEPE-OMPS resin occurs in the curing process. Thermal stabilities of cured DMSEPE-OMPS resins under N2 and air atmosphere decrease gradually with the increment of OMPS components. The incorporation of OMPS can obviously reduce dielectric constant of DMSEPE-OMPS resins.

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Kizilcan, Nilgun, and Merve Istif. "Novel comonomer synthesis from thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride and polydimethylsiloxane modified cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 5 (2014): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2013-0055.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to produce an electroactive monomer containing ketonic resins and then to investigate redox reaction between Fe+3 and bounded thiophene in comonomers. First, thiophene functionalised ketonic resins (Th-CFPDMSR) were synthesised by esterification reaction of thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride (ThCCl) and hydroxyl groups of cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (CFR). Th-CFPDMSR was then polymerised by ferric salt. Thiophene modified ketonic resins (Th-CFPDMSR) as comonomers were characterised by common techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter and scanning electron microscope. Design/methodology/approach – Th-CFPDMSR comonomers were synthesised by esterification reaction of ThCCl and hydroxyl groups of ketonic resins. Then, the in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of ThC-CFR in the presence of iron (III) chloride salt (FeCl3) was accomplished in chloroform/acetonitrile mixture solutions at room temperature. Findings – Important structural factor determined quantitatively for Th-CFPDMSR is the CFPDMS/TCCl ratio after reaction. The mole ratio effect of TCCl and ketonic resin on the solubility, molecular weight, melting temperature (Tm) and glass transition temperature (Tg) values of the comonomers (TCCl-CFPDMSR) was investigated. Research limitations/implications – The ferric ion (Fe+3) has a standard oxidation potential. Furthermore, FeCl3 can react with thiophene to produce a cation radical. FeCl3 cannot react with hydroxyl groups of ketonic resins. When ferric is used for ISCO application at relatively low temperatures (e.g. < 20°C), the oxidation reactions are usually less aggressive. Practical implications – This work provides technical information for the synthesis of conducting block copolymer and for the synthesis of chain-extended resins. The modified resins contain thiophene. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene groups, and resins with much higher molecular weight might be produced. The resins may also promote the adhesive strength of a coating and corrosion inhibition to metal surfaces of a coating. Originality/value – Novel Th-CFPDMSR comonomers were synthesised. These comonomers have higher Tg and Tm values than CF-PDMSR alone. The chemical oxidation system has been used to polymerise these thiophene functionalised ketonic resins.

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Krasinskyi, Volodymyr, Emil Spišák, Ivan Gajdoš, and Tomasz Garbacz. "Heat-Resistant Coatings on the Basis of Phenol-Formaldehyde Compositions." Materials Science Forum 818 (May 2015): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.105.

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The determination of the effect of composition formula and hardening conditions on technological characteristics of developed thermostable enamels on the basis of phenol-formaldehyde resins modified by epoxy resin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was the task of this work. The mechanism of resins modification and hardening has been determined. The developed modified composition is characterized by high index of thixotropy in contrast to phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) containing urotropine. It was determined that novolac phenol-formaldehyde resin modification by PVP and ED-20 results in a significant improvement of thixotropic characteristics and enamel technological effectiveness and in physico-mechanical properties and thermostability improvement as well.

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Geurtsen, W. "Biocompatibility of Resin-Modified Filling Materials." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 11, no. 3 (2000): 333–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110030401.

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Increasing numbers of resin-based dental restorations have been placed over the past decade. During this same period, the public interest in the local and especially systemic adverse effects caused by dental materials has increased significantly It has been found that each resin-based material releases several components into the oral environment. In particular, the comonomer triethyleneglycol di-methacrylate (TEGDMA), and the 'hydrophilic' monomer, 2-hydroxy-ethyl-methacrylate (HEMA), are leached out from various composite resins and 'adhesive' materials (e.g., resin-modified glass-ionomer cements [GICs] and dentin adhesives) in considerable amounts during the first 24 hours after polymerization. Numerous unbound resin components may leach into saliva during the initial phase after polymerization, and later, due to degradation or erosion of the resinous restoration. Those substances may be systemically distributed and could potentially cause adverse systemic effects in patients. In addition, absorption of organic substances from unpolymerized material, through unprotected skin due to manual contact may pose a special risk for dental personnel. This is borne out by the increasing numbers of dental nurses, technicians, and dentists who present with allergic reactions to one or more resin components like HEMA glutaraldehyde ethyleneglycol di-methacrylate (EGDMA), and dibenzoyl peroxide (DPO). However, it must be emphasized that except for conventional composite resins, data reported on the release of substances from resin-based materials are scarce. There is very little reliable information with respect to the biological interactions between resin components and various tissues. Those interactions may be either protective, like absorption to dentin, or detrimental, e.g., inflammatory reactions of soft tissues Microbial effects have also been observed which may contribute indirectly to caries and irritation of the pulp. Therefore, it is critical, both for our patients and for the profession, that the biological effects of resin-based filling materials be clarified in the near future

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Shende, Pradeep, Shrikant Dabhade, and Milind Kulkarni. "Soybean oil modified polyesteramide resins." Pigment & Resin Technology 32, no. 1 (2003): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420310454875.

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KOSTSANSKI, LEOPOLD KRZYSZTOF, and WACLAW KROLIKOWSKI. "Polyester resins modified by elastomers." Polimery 30, no. 02 (1985): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1985.053.

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YUAN, L., A. GU, G. LIANG, and Z. ZHANG. "Microcapsule-modified bismaleimide (BMI) resins." Composites Science and Technology 68, no. 9 (2008): 2107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.03.015.

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Cui, Yu Qing, and Zhong Wei Yin. "Carbon-fibre-reinforced modified cyanate ester winding composites and their thermomechanical properties." High Performance Polymers 31, no. 2 (2018): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317753526.

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Although the extensive research has expanded on the modification of cyanate ester (CE) resins and the mechanical properties of CE composites, very few studies have been conducted on carbon fibre (CF)/modified CE winding composites and the thermomechanical properties of the composites. In this research, epoxy (EP)-modified novolac cyanate ester (NCE) and bismaleimide (BMI)-modified NCE resins were prepared. The CF/modified CE winding composites were manufactured, and their thermomechanical properties were tested. The optimal winding process was determined, and a preheating technique was implemented. Then, the EP/CE resin (10:90) and the BMI–DBA/CE resin (10:90) were selected as the resin matrix of the winding composite based on the viscosity properties, mechanical properties and thermal analysis (using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) of the modified CE resin. The selected resin exhibited good manufacturability at 70°C, good thermal stability and high Tg (above 370°C). The thermomechanical property tests indicate that the modified CE resin composite exhibits an outstanding mechanical strength at room temperature and at high temperatures (130°C, 150°C and 180°C) compared with that of the pure CE resin composite. The reasons for this enhancement can be attributed to a toughening mechanism and the effect of sizing agents on the CFs.

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Kobayashi, Masahiko, Kyoko Tukamoto, and Bunichiro Tomita. "Application of Liquefied Wood to a New Resin System—Synthesis and Properties of Liquefied Wood/Epoxy Resins." Holzforschung 54, no. 1 (2000): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2000.014.

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Summary A new resin system was developed by reacting liquefied wood with various epoxy compounds. Examination of the optimum conditions for the synthesis of the resins, and the behavior of liquefied wood in the cured resins were undertaken. Generally, the compatibility and film forming performance of liquefied wood/epoxy resins became better as the wood content increased. The presence of only one broad dispersion peak, due to the glass transition, was observed during dynamic mechanical measurement of resin films suggesting that the different components of the resin were compatible. The glass transition temperature of the cured resins could be modified by changing the kinds of epoxy compounds and the wood contents of liquefied wood. The presence of rubber elasticity at higher temperatures suggests that the resin systems consisted of cross-linking polymer networks.

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Chen, Wen-Cheng, Chia-Ling Ko, and Chi-Jen Shih. "Surface Modified Characteristics of the Tetracalcium Phosphate as Light-Cured Composite Resin Fillers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709482.

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The objectives of this study are to characterize the properties of light-cured composite resins that are reinforced with whisker surface-modified particles of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and to investigate the influence of thermal cycling on the reinforced composites properties. The characteristics of ultimate diametral tensile strength (DTS), moduli, pH values, and fracture surfaces of the samples with different amounts of surface-modified TTCP (30%–60%) were determined before and after thermal cycling between 5°C and 55°C in deionized water for 600 cycles. The trends of all groups were ductile prior to thermal cycling and the moduli of all groups increased after thermal cycling. The ductile property of the control group without filler was not significantly affected. Larger amounts of fillers caused the particles to aggregate, subsequently decreasing the resin’s ability to disperse external forces and leading to brittleness after thermal cycling. Therefore, the trend of composite resins with larger amounts of filler would become more brittle and exhibited higher moduli after thermal cycling. This developed composite resin with surface modified-TTCP fillers has the potential to be successful dental restorative materials.

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Pyshyev, Serhiy, Volodymyr Gunka, Yuriy Grytsenko, and Michael Bratychak. "Polymer Modified Bitumen: Review." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (2016): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.631.

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The main reasons and ways of bitumen modification by polymers were examined. Positive and negative aspects of the usage of different polymer modifiers (elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, reactive polymers, thermoplastics) were analysed. The authors’ achievements concerning modification of bitumen by various polymers, namely indene-coumarone, petroleum, phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, were described.

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Chen, Shenggui, Junzhong Yang, Yong-Guang Jia, Bingheng Lu, and Li Ren. "A Study of 3D-Printable Reinforced Composite Resin: PMMA Modified with Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Cellulose Nanocrystal." Materials 11, no. 12 (2018): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122444.

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With the rapid application of light-curing 3D printing technology, the demand for high-performance polymer resins is increasing. Existing light-curable resins often have drawbacks limiting their clinical applications. This study aims to develop a new type of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite resins with enhanced mechanical properties, high antibacterial activities and excellent biocompatibilities. A series of reinforced composite resins were prepared by mechanically mixing PMMA with modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were coated with polydopamine and decorated by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via Tollen reaction. The morphology of CNCs-Ag was observed by transmission electron microscopy and the formation of AgNPs on CNCs was confirmed by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Functional groups in PMMA-CNCs-Ag composites were verified by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mechanical assessment and scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested that the evenly distributed CNCs-AgNPs composite effectively improve mechanical properties of PMMA resin. Cytotoxicity assay and antibacterial activity tests indicated excellent biocompatibility and high antibacterial activities. Furthermore, PMMA with CNCs-AgNPs of 0.1 wt.% (PMMA-CNCs-AgNPs-0.1) possessed the most desirable mechanical properties owing to the homogeneous distribution of AgNPs throughout the resin matrix. This specific composite resin can be used as a functional dental restoration material with potential of other medical applications.

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Liu, Pin, Xiongmin Liu, Tei Saburi, Shiro Kubota, Pinxian Huang, and Yuji Wada. "Thermal Stability Evaluation of Resin Acids and Rosin Modified Resins." ACS Omega 5, no. 45 (2020): 29102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c03736.

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Verbeeck, Ronald M. H., Erna A. P. De Maeyer, Luc A. M. Marks, Roeland J. G. De Moor, A. M. J. C. De Witte, and Luc M. Trimpeneers. "Fluoride release process of (resin-modified) glass-ionomer cements versus (polyacid-modified) composite resins." Biomaterials 19, no. 6 (1998): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00131-2.

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Yang, Shan Shan, Zong Tang Liu, and Zheng Hao Fei. "Study on the Adsorption of O-Aminobenzoic Acid (OABA) with the Adsorption Resins Modified Chemically." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.476.

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In this study, the resins modified with trimellitie anhydride (named ZT3) or phthalic anhydride (named ZT5) during the post-crossing of chloromethyl low crosslinking macroporous poly-styrene resin were prepared, characterized and evaluated for adsorptive removal of o-aminobenzoic acid (OABA) from aqueous solutions. The structural characterization results indicated that the resins possessed predominant micropores surface area and moderate specific surface area. The adsorption performance of OABA onto ZT3 and ZT5 was studied through static and kinetic adsorption experiment with the commercial Amberlite XAD-4 as a contrast. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation could fit the adsorption isotherm of OABA onto ZT3 and ZT5 perfectly. The adsorptions of OABA onto the three resins were all spontaneous exothermic processes with physical characters. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption reaction could be approximated by a quasi-first kinetic adsorption equation. Key words: o-aminobenzoic acid; adsorption resin; adsorption kinetic; thermodynamic; che-mical modification

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Lizymol, P. P. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Visible Light Cure Composites Based on Novel Organically Modified Ceramic Resins." Advanced Materials Research 685 (April 2013): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.685.50.

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Replacement of damaged tooth is necessary for proper functioning and better aesthetics. Polymeric composites based on organic resins are the most popular materials used for restoration of damaged tooth though they have many problems like polymerization shrinkage. The post gel polymerization shrinkage causes significant stresses in the surrounding tooth structure and composite tooth bonding leading to premature restoration failure. Other problems such as uncured organic monomers leaching from the dental composites into the surrounding gum tissue have been reported to cause cytotoxic effects, pulpal necrosis, requiring tooth extraction. The present paper describes the studies on visible light cure composites based on organically modified ceramic resins. Effect of different inorganic materials incorporated during resin synthesis on mechanical properties of photo cured composite was evaluated in terms of diametral tensile strength (DTS), compressive strength (CS) and surface hardness (VHN). The better properties of photocured composites based on the novel organically modified ceramic resin which are hybrid inorganic organic resins may be due to the effective bonding between the organic and inorganic parts within the resin.

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Tsvetkov, V. E., A. A. Nikitin, Yu A. Semochkin, N. N. Tsvetkova, and O. P. Machneva. "Properties of composites based on melamine-formaldehyde binders." Adhesives. Sealants. Technologias, no. 7 (2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1813-7008-2021-0-7-30-34.

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The properties of impregnating compounds used for lamination of timber-based board materials consisting of import ingredients and resins c 35-40% melamine content have been examined. A synthesis technology of melamine-formaldehyde impregnating resins with 25-30% melamine content and domestic ingredients is presented. It is shown that paper-resin films produced with the use of modified impregnating resins are high-quality facing material for decoration of timber-based board products by the lamination method.

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Wang, Liwei, Jinyan Wang, Fengfeng Zhang, Yu Qi, Zhihuan Weng, and Xigao Jian. "PPESK-Modified Multi-Functional Epoxy Resin and Its Application to the Pultrusion of Carbon Fiber." Polymers 10, no. 10 (2018): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10101067.

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Multi-functional epoxy resins are generally brittle due to their high crosslinking densities, which can limit their use for applications that require impact resistance. Pultruded poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK)-modified epoxy resins were prepared and their curing behaviors, heat resistance properties, and viscosity changes investigated. The glass transition temperature of these resins was found to increase with increasing PPESK content; however, these values were still compatible with the pultrusion process. Little change in the tensile strength and elongation lengths at breaking point were observed for blended PPESK/multi-functional epoxy resin containing 4–6% PPESK, and its viscosity levels were still within the requirements of the pultrusion process. Carbon fiber/multi-functional epoxy resin/PPESK (CF/E/PPESK) composites were also prepared and their performance investigated. The bending radius of these PPSEK-modified composites could reach up to 55 D with no cracking or peeling observed in their surface layers. The fatigue frequency of the sinusoidal waveforms for the composite did not change after one million fatigue test cycles, meaning that a strength retention rate of >90% was achieved. Therefore, this study describes a powerful approach for preparing toughened multi-functional epoxy resins that are well suited to pultrusion processes.

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Strap, Galyna, Olena Astakhova, Olexander Lazorko, Oleh Shyshchak, and Michael Bratychak. "Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins and their Application in Bitumen-Polymeric Mixtures." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 7, no. 3 (2013): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht07.03.279.

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Bratychak, Michael, Bogdana Bashta, Olena Astakhova, Olena Shyshchak, and Olha Zubal. "Synthesis Mechanism and Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified with Adipic Acid." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, no. 1 (2019): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.01.052.

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Jang, Jeong Beom, Tae Hee Kim, Taeyoon Kim, et al. "Modified Epoxy Resin Synthesis from Phosphorus—Containing Polyol and Physical Changes Studies in the Synthesized Products." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122116.

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Epoxy resins are commonly used to manufacture the molding compounds, reinforced plastics, coatings, or adhesives required in various industries. However, the demand for new epoxy resins has increased to satisfy diverse industrial requirements such as enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, or electrical properties. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized new epoxy resin (PPME) by modifying phosphorous-containing polyol. The prepared resin was analyzed and added to epoxy compositions in various quantities. The compositions were cured at high temperatures to obtain plastics to further test the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy resin. The measured tensile and flexural strength of epoxy compositions were similar to the composition without synthesized epoxy resin. However, the heat release rates of the compositions exhibited tendencies of a decrease proportional to the amount of PPME.

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Zhang, Shi Feng, Jian Zhang Li, Xiao Ying Liu, Yan An Ou, and Qiang Gao. "Fast Curing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Catalyzed by a Complex Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 2124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2124.

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For increasing the curing rate and decreasing the curing temperature, modified phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins were synthesized under a complex catalyst. The bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the plywood bonded by them were measured according to Chinese National Standards methods. The curing behavior was conducted by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. The results indicate that PF resins catalyzed by the complex catalyst show more moderate pH values, lower curing temperature and shorter gel time comparing with control ones. Plywood bonded with modified PF resins shows good bonding strength and low formaldehyde emission even at low hot press temperature (110 °C), which is closed to the plywood bonded with normal control PF resin at high hot press temperature (130 °C).

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Madhi, Abbas, and Behzad S Hadavand. "Eco-friendly castor oil-based UV-curable urethane acrylate zinc oxide nanocomposites: Synthesis and viscoelastic behavior." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319858017.

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Attention to environmental problems and the importance of maintaining it have caused the researchers to pay more attention in this regard. The production of polymers and resins has increased in recent years and has affected by environmental pollution due to their long-term degradation. An appropriate solution to this problem is the synthesis of degradable and environmentally friendly polymers and resins. Using natural materials in the synthesis of polymers and resins can help them to be environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research is to synthesize urethane acrylate resins using natural resources. For this purpose, the urethane acrylate pre-polymer was synthesized with castor oil. Then, using modified zinc oxide nanoparticles with 1, 3 and 5 wt% urethane acrylate zinc oxide nanocomposites were produced. The use of castor oil as a degradable part and lack of organic solvent in radiation systems led to the creation of an environmentally friendly resin. Subsequently, the viscoelastic behavior of the prepared nanocomposite was evaluated. Spectrometry results confirm the synthesized resin structure. The morphology of nanocomposites confirmed the proper particle size distribution in a 3 wt.% sample. The results of the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis test showed that increasing the amount of modified nano ZnO could increase the glass transition temperature, and the maximum value was observed in 5 wt.% modified nano ZnO (69.7℃).

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Liu, Zhi Gang, Yu Nan Guo, and De Yu Mao. "Preparation and Coating Properties of Silicone/Cuprous Modified Acrylic Resin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.105.

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The modified resins, as antibacterial coating materials, have attracted wide attention. Two steps to obtain resins: cuprous oxide collosol particle was prepared by reduction of Copper acetate solution, using hydrazine as the reducing agent, then oleic acid was added to the system as the covered agent; silicone and cuprous modified acrylic resin was successfully synthesized by solution polymerization with the monomers of acrylic acid (AA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), vinyl triethoxy silane (VTES) and the as-prepared oleic acid coated Cu2O sol, using the azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The samples were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and FTIR analysis. The effects of silicone content on the properties of polymer coatings were investigated by contact angle analysis.

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Chandran, M. Satheesh, M. Krishna, Sheshappa Rai, M. S. Krupashankara, and K. Salini. "Cure Kinetics and Activation Energy Studies of Modified Bismaleimide Resins." ISRN Polymer Science 2012 (March 28, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/309861.

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The cure kinetics and activation energy (Ea) of bismaleimide homopolymer and modified bismaleimide resin systems with different chain extenders were investigated. The bismaleimide resin under investigation was bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BMPM) and the chain extenders were (i) O-O′ diallyl bisphenol A (DABA) and (ii) methylenedianiline (MDA). Dynamic multiheating DSC method was used to study the kinetics of the curing process. Activation energies were determined for both unmodified and modified resins from nonisothermal multiheating rate DSC tests by using Ozawa and Kissinger models. Activation energy for BMPM homopolymer increased from 95 kJ/mol to 125 kJ/mol as a function of conversion. For the MDA-modified system the activation energy was independent of percentage conversion, at 108 kJ/mol. In the case of DABA-modified bismaleimide the activation energy increased steadily at 6 kJ/mol from 10 to 100% conversion.

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Hallad, Shankar A., N. R. Banapurmath, T. M. Yunus Khan, et al. "Statistical Analysis of Polymer Nanocomposites for Mechanical Properties." Molecules 26, no. 14 (2021): 4135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144135.

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Epoxy resins, due to their high stiffness, ease of processing, good heat, and chemical resistance obtained from cross-linked structures, have found applications in electronics, adhesives coatings, industrial tooling, and aeronautic and automotive industries. These resins are inherently brittle, which has limited their further application. The emphasis of this study is to improve the properties of the epoxy resin with a low-concentration (up to 0.4% by weight) addition of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). Mechanical characterization of the modified composites was conducted to study the effect of MWCNTs infusion in the epoxy resin. Nanocomposites samples showed significantly higher tensile strength and fracture toughness compared to pure epoxy samples. The morphological studies of the modified composites were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

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Mahler, Joachim, and Gerald Rafler. "Modified melamine resins for optical applications." Optical Materials 12, no. 2-3 (1999): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-3467(99)00037-3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Modified resins'

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