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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'MODIFIED THEORIES'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Sbisa, Fulvio. "Modified theories of gravity." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modified-theories-of-gravity(3b9310e3-5d97-4e48-aa05-0444d1e89363).html.

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The recent observational data in cosmology seem to indicate that the universe is currently expanding in an accelerated way. This unexpected conclusion can be explained assuming the presence of a non-vanishing yet extremely fine tuned cosmological constant, or invoking the existence of an exotic source of energy, dark energy, which is not observed in laboratory experiments yet seems to dominate the energy budget of the Universe. On the other hand, it may be that these observations are just signalling the fact that Einstein's General Relativity is not the correct description of gravity when we c
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2

Sbisa', F. "MODIFIED THEORIES OF GRAVITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/214951.

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The recent observational data in cosmology seem to indicate that the universe is currently expanding in an accelerated way. This unexpected conclusion can be explained assuming the presence of a non-vanishing yet extremely fine tuned cosmological constant, or invoking the existence of an exotic source of energy, dark energy, which is not observed in laboratory experiments yet seems to dominate the energy budget of the Universe. On the other hand, it may be that these observations are just signalling the fact that Einstein's General Relativity is not the correct description of gravity when we c
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3

Bahamonde, Sebastian. "Modified teleparallel theories of gravity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10055604/.

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Teleparallel gravity is an alternative formulation of gravity which has the same field equations as General Relativity (GR), therefore, it is also known as the Teleparallel equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR). This theory is a gauge theory of the translations with the torsion tensor being non-zero but with a vanishing curvature tensor, hence, the manifold is globally flat. An interesting approach for understanding the late-time accelerating behaviour of the Universe is called modified gravity where GR is extended or modified. In the same spirit, since TEGR is equivalent to GR, one can cons
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4

Michele, Oliosi. "New viable theories of modified gravity : Minimal Theories and Quasidilaton." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244509.

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5

Uddin, Kotub. "The viability of modified gravity theories." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/386.

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This thesis studies the viability of classes of modified gravity (MG) theories based on generalisations of the Einstein-Hilbert action. Particular emphasis is given to f(R) theories in both the metric and Palatini formalisms, scalar-tensor theories and generalised Gauss-Bonnet theories. An urgent task at present is to devise stringent tests in order to reduce the range of candidate models based on these theories. In this thesis a detailed study is made of the viability of these models using constraints from requirement of stability, background cosmological dynamics, local gravity constraints (
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6

Hackebill, Aric. "Thermodynamics of Modified Theories of Gravity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2143.

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Einstein’s equations are derived by following Jacobson’s thermodynamic method. It is seen that a family of possible field equations exist which satisfy the thermodynamic argument. Modified theories of gravity are addressed as possible candidates for replacing dark matter as an explanation for anomalous cosmological phenomena. Many of the proposed modified theories are not powerful enough to explain the currently observed phenomena and are rejected as viable theories of gravity. A surviving candidate, TeVeS, is further analyzed under the aforementioned thermodynamic argument to check for it
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7

Zlosnik, Thomas. "cosmological consequences of modified theories of gravity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504343.

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8

Lima, Nelson Daniel de Aguiar. "Dark energy and modified theories of gravity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23558.

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It is now a consolidated fact that our Universe is undergoing an accelerated expansion. According to Einstein's General Relativity, if the main constituents of our Universe were ordinary and cold dark matter, then we would expect it to be contracting and collapsing due to matter's attractive nature. The simplest explanation we have for this acceleration is in the form of a component with a negative ratio of pressure to density equal to -1 known as cosmological constant, Λ , presently dominating over baryonic and cold dark matter. However, the Λ Cold Dark Matter (Λ CDM) model suffers from a wel
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9

Mifsud, Jurgen. "Cosmological consequences of theories of modified gravity." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21618/.

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Our theoretical understanding of the dynamical evolution of the Universe has certainly improved during the recently established era of precision cosmology. However, the nature of the dark sector remains the greatest puzzle in cosmology. Although we re–establish that the concordance model of cosmology is in agreement with current cosmological observations, this simplistic model is unequivocally theoretically unappealing. Thence, we investigate a number of alternative cosmological models and illustrate their distinctive cosmological consequences. For instance, we consider a scalar–tensor theory
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10

Sebastiani, Lorenzo. "General Aspects of Modified Theories of Gravity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367870.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the both, some mathematical and physical general aspect of modified gravity, and, more specifically, the proprieties of viable, realistic models of modified gravity which can be used to reproduce the inflation and the dark energy epoch of universe today.
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11

Sebastiani, Lorenzo. "General Aspects of Modified Theories of Gravity." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/672/1/TESI.pdf.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the both, some mathematical and physical general aspect of modified gravity, and, more specifically, the proprieties of viable, realistic models of modified gravity which can be used to reproduce the inflation and the dark energy epoch of universe today.
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12

Banahene-Sabulsky, Dylan. "Constraining theories of modified gravity with atom interferometry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/62326.

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Matter-wave interferometry is ideal for detecting small forces, being able to sense changes of acceleration as small as 1 nm s^-2 as a result of quantum interference. In this thesis, I prepare a cloud of ultracold Rb-87 atoms and measure the force between an atom and a cm-sized source mass using atom interferometry. The interferometer uses a sequence of optical Raman pulses to split, reflect, and recombine the atomic wavefunction. The force that is measured is consistent with standard Newtonian gravity. Some theories that have been advanced to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe
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13

Li, Baojiu. "Physical and cosmological implications of modified gravity theories." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611653.

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14

Li, Wenliang. "Aspects of Gravitational Theories : holography and modified gravity." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC288.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions deux aspects de la théorie de la gravitation : la correspondance holographique et les théories de la gravité modifiée. La correspondance holographique est une conjecture remarquable qui établit l'équivalence entre certaines théories de la gravitation et certaines théories quantiques des champs. Les recherches dans le domaine de la gravité modifiée portent sur le développement des théories cohérentes de la gravité qui diffèrent de la relativité générale d'Einstein. La première partie de la thèse est dédiée à la correspondance holographique, ou la dualité gauge/gr
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15

López, Revelles Antonio Jesús. "Theories of modified gravity and reconstruction schemes of cosmological models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133375.

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En esta memoria de tesis se expone el trabajo llevado a cabo por el doctorando durante los últimos cuatro años, el cual versa principalmente sobre diversos aspectos de soluciones cosmológicas obtenidas a partir de teorías de gravedad modificada. Para entender el origen y la importancia de las teorías de gravedad modificada es necesario comentar antes algunos hechos acontecidos durante el siglo XX en el marco de la cosmología. La cosmología como ciencia nació gracias a la Teoría de la Relatividad General de Albert Einstein. Antes de ésta, el espacio no era más que el lugar en el que las estrel
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16

Petersen, Stefan. "Aspects of solitons in noncommutative field theories the modified Ward model /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983545502.

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17

Saha, Arindam. "Modified theories of gravity and dark energy models of the universe." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/964.

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18

Domenech, Fuertes Guillem. "Inflationary Cosmology in Scalar-Tensor Theories." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227579.

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19

Soussa, Marc. "Modified gravity theories alternatives to the missing mass and missing energy problems /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009241.

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20

Buchberger, Igor. "Strings, Gravitons, and Effective Field Theories." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-41912.

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This thesis concerns a range of aspects of theoretical physics. It is composed of two parts. In the first part we motivate our line of research, and introduce and discuss the relevant concepts. In the second part, four research papers are collected. The first paper deals with a possible extension of general relativity, namely the recently discovered classically consistent bimetric theory. In this paper we study the behavior of perturbations of the metric(s) around cosmologically viable background solutions. In the second paper, we explore possibilities for particle physics with low-scale super
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21

Ghose, Souvik. "SOME ASPECTS OF MODIFIED THEORIES OF GRAVITY AND DARK ENERGY MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/967.

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22

Ferrari, Angelo Giuseppe. "Cosmological effects of the Galileon term in scalar-tensor theories." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20760/.

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In questa tesi studiamo un'estensione con un termine di interazione cubica di tipo Galileone della lagrangiana dei più semplici modelli scalari-tensoriali, come gravità indotta (IG) e il modello Jordan-Brans-Dicke esteso con un potenziale (eJBD). Ne analizziamo gli effetti cosmologici sia a livello di background che di perturbazioni lineari. Il lavoro si suddivide in una parte analitica ed una numerica: nella parte analitica vengono ricavate le equazioni del moto del modello sia a livello omogeneo che per le perturbazioni lineari e si ottiene una classe di soluzioni analitiche in assenza di ma
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23

Hodson, Alistair. "A non-Newtonian perspective of gravity : testing modified gravity theories in galaxies and galaxy clusters." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12016.

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This thesis attempts to test several frameworks of non-Newtonian gravity in the context of galaxies and galaxy clusters. The theory most extensively discussed was that of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) with Galileon gravity, Emergent Gravity (EG) and Modified Gravity (MOG) mentioned to a lesser extent. Specifically, the main focus of this thesis was to determine whether MOND and MOND-like theories were compatible with galaxy cluster data, without the need to include cold dark matter. To do this, the paradigms of Extended MOND (EMOND), Generalised MOND (GMOND) and superfluid dark matter were in
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24

Papallo, Giuseppe. "Causality and the initial value problem in Modified Gravity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277416.

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Lovelock and Horndeski theories are natural generalisations of Einstein’s theory of General Relativity. They find applications in Astrophysics, Cosmology and String Theory. This dissertation discusses some issues regarding the mathematical consistency of these theories. In the first part of the thesis we study the Shapiro time delay for gravitons in spherically symmetric spacetimes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity (a Lovelock theory). In Lovelock theories, gravitons can propagate faster or slower than light. We show that, thanks to this property, it is possible for them to experience a negativ
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25

Högås, Marcus. "On the consistency of multigravity theories." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136315.

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In this thesis a set of recently proposed multigravity theories is analysed. In the special case of bimetric gravity, the theory has been conclusively shown to be ghost-free. On the other hand, for multigravity theories in general, the ghost-issue has not been settled conclusively. Motivated by this fact, the main object of this thesis is to clarify what has been proven so far and what issues that still needs to be addressed. We also provide new calculations and results pointing in the direction that the multigravity theories must be restricted to a set of bimetric Hassan-Rosen couplings in a
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26

Lyman, Mark B. "A modified cluster-weighted approach to nonlinear time series /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1945.pdf.

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27

Spurio, Mancini Alessio [Verfasser], and Valeria [Akademischer Betreuer] Pettorino. "Testing modified gravity theories with weak gravitational lensing / Alessio Spurio Mancini ; Betreuer: Valeria Pettorino." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177149648/34.

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28

Rivera, Hernández Sergio. "Tensorial spacetime geometries carrying predictive, interpretable and quantizable matter dynamics." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6186/.

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Which tensor fields G on a smooth manifold M can serve as a spacetime structure? In the first part of this thesis, it is found that only a severely restricted class of tensor fields can provide classical spacetime geometries, namely those that can carry predictive, interpretable and quantizable matter dynamics. The obvious dependence of this characterization of admissible tensorial spacetime geometries on specific matter is not a weakness, but rather presents an insight: it was Maxwell theory that justified Einstein to promote Lorentzian manifolds to the status of a spacetime geometry. Any mat
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29

FEOLA, PASQUALE. "Astrophysical and Cosmological applications of Extended Theories of Gravity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1006198.

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The aim of this thesis is to study the possible astrophysical and cosmological applications of Extended Theories of Gravity. In particular, Neutron Stars are studied, both on astrophysical and cosmological scale where, at cosmological level, they can assume a macroscopic configuration, i.e. a cosmological probe, which can be represented like a Fermionic condensate. The goal is to provide answers consistent with observational evidences that are not justified by General Relativity.
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30

Rossi, Massimo. "Dark energy as a scalar field non-minimally coupled to gravity." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12825/.

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The cosmological constant is not the only possibility in order to describe the accelerated expansion of the Universe. A different approach is to modify the gravitational sector of the Einstein equations. In scalar-tensor theories the gravitational interaction is affected by both a scalar and a tensor field. The dependence of gravity from the scalar field is obtained through a non-minimal coupling function which multiplies the Ricci scalar in the Lagrangian. In this thesis we consider a specific shape of the coupling function that reduces to the minimal coupling case and to the induced gravity
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31

Kim, Yunho. "Quadratic Gravity with Black Holes and Gravitational Waves." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26707.

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This thesis investigates black holes and gravitational waves in the framework of quadratic gravity. These subjects are introduced by first examining the current state of general relativity and how it is realised. The discussion then addresses the quantitative aspects of black holes, gravitational waves, and quadratic gravity. This is then followed by the exploration of the three main research topics. The first research topic investigates the induced charging of a black hole due to a topological term in quadratic gravity. The second research topic focuses on the approximate analytic non-Schwar
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32

Moraes, Bruno. "Les mystères de l'énergie noire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20032.

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L'un des plus grands problèmes ouverts de la cosmologie moderne est l'origine de l'expansion accélérée de l'Univers, découverte en 1998. L'explication théorique la plus simple repose sur l'introduction d'une constante cosmologique Λ. Ce modèle, connu sous le nom de Lambda CDM, est en accord avec les différentes observations liées à l'expansion accélérée. Cependant, il présente des problèmes d'ordre théorique. Par conséquent, plusieurs alternatives, connues collectivement sous le nom de {it modèles d'énergie noire}, ont été proposées pour expliquer cette accélération. Plusieurs d'entre eux rest
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33

McManus, Ryan. "Testing gravity in the local universe." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33214.

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General relativity (GR) has stood as the most accurate description of gravity for the last 100 years, weathering a barrage of rigorous tests. However, attempts to derive GR from a more fundamental theory or to capture further physical principles at high energies has led to a vast number of alternative gravity theories. The individual examination of each gravity theory is infeasible and as such a systematic method of examining modified gravity theories is a necessity. Studying generic classes of gravity theories allows for general statements about observables to be made independent of explicit
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34

Vernieri, Daniele. "Gravity beyond General Relativity: New Proposals and their Phenomenology." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/3860.

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This Thesis is devoted to the study of phenomenologically viable gravitational theories, in order to address the most pressing open issues both at very small and very large energy scales. Lovelock’s theorem singles out General Relativity as the only theory with secondorder field equations for the metric tensor. So, two possible ways to circumvent it and modify the gravitational sector are taken into account. The first route consists in giving up diffeomorphism invariance, which generically leads to extra propagating degrees of freedom. In this framework Horava gravity is discussed, presenti
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35

Bettoni, Dario. "Framing the dark: theory and phenomenology of a non-minimally coupled dark matter fluid." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4111.

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The standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model has proven to be extremely powerful in predicting the evolution and formation of the structure we see in the Universe. However, this success comes at the price of accepting that the energy/matter content of the Universe is dominated by two unknown components: dark matter and dark energy. Moreover, in the case of dark matter some tension between simulations and observations exists at galactic scales, while in the case of dark energy long-standing theoretical issues are still unresolved, thus making the investigation of alternative models a power
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36

Dantas, Joseclécio Dutra. "Modelos gêmeos em teorias de campos escalares." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5712.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3752182 bytes, checksum: 63a51d4864db299b4b98e396d8d6e622 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-13<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>In this work we do an investigation of new features of so-called k-defects, which are topological defects with non-canonical kinetic term. Specifically, we study a class of k-defects in models of scalar field theories distinct from standard theory but discribing, case to case, the very same defect structure with the very same
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37

Lim, Hyun. "Dynamical Compact Objects in Numerical Relativity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7729.

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The work of this dissertation will study various aspects of the dynamics of compact objects using numerical simulations.We consider BH dynamics within two modified or alternative theories of gravity. Within a family of Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion theories, we find that the GW waveforms from binary black hole (BBH) mergers differ from the standard GW waveform prediction of GR for especially large axion values. For more astrophysically realistic (i.e. smaller) values, the differences become negligible and undetectable. Weestablish the existence of a well-posed initial value problem for a seco
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38

Mahoney, Luther James. "Photocatalysis studies using mesoporous modified V-MCM-48 Stober synthesis: acetaldehyde, carbon monoxide, ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, & acetonitrile." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4198.

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39

Bardoux, Yannis. "Trous noirs dans des théories modifiées de la gravitation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737357.

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L'intérêt majeur des travaux exposés dans cette thèse est d'explorer la chevelure des trous noirs dans des cadres plus généraux que celui de la Relativité Générale en tenant compte de la présence d'une constante cosmologique, de dimensions supplémentaires, de champs de matière exotiques ou de termes de courbure de rang plus élevé. Ces extensions de la Relativité Générale peuvent s'inscrire dans le cadre de la théorie des cordes. C'est en étudiant des extensions naturelles de la Relativité Générale que nous pouvons aussi mieux comprendre la théorie d'Einstein. Dans un premier temps, nous expose
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40

Uramoto, Takeo. "A Modified Completeness Theorem of KAT and Decidability of Term Reducibility." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188452.

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Pereira, Dante Donizeti. "Abordagem efetiva em teorias de campos: aspectos clássicos e quânticos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4892.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-08T13:15:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dantedonizetipereira.pdf: 460175 bytes, checksum: 092f58c5d71aa77ff03d0ae0604294a1 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-26T18:10:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dantedonizetipereira.pdf: 460175 bytes, checksum: 092f58c5d71aa77ff03d0ae0604294a1 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T18:10:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dantedonizetipereira.pdf: 460175 bytes, checksum: 092f58c5d71aa77ff03d0ae0604294a1 (MD5) Previous issue
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Michalkiewicz, Jarosław. "Algorithms and methods of training neurol network basedon modified Kolmogorov's theorem : PhD thesis summary." Rozprawa doktorska, [s.n.], 2014. http://dlibra.tu.koszalin.pl/Content/1070.

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43

Pidopryhora, Yurii. "Testing the low energy theorem for spinless "proton-neutron" bremsstrahlung." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1060029614.

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44

Waldecker, Rebecca [Verfasser], Gernot [Akademischer Betreuer] Stroth, Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Aschbacher, and Ronald [Akademischer Betreuer] Solomon. "Local arguments for Glauberman's Z*-Theorem : [kumulative Habilitation ; a slightly modified and expanded version of Rebecca Waldecker, "Isolated involutions in finite groups", which is to appear as "Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society", Vol. 1061 (Nov. 2013); © 2013 by the American Mathematical Society] / Rebecca Anne Hedwig Waldecker. Betreuer: Gernot Stroth ; Michael Aschbacher ; Ronald Solomon." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037109511/34.

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45

Lee, Chung-Chi, and 李忠錡. "Modified Gravity Theories." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16775518842508654767.

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博士<br>國立清華大學<br>物理系<br>101<br>Firstly, we explore the cosmological evolutions in four viable f(R) gravity models: Exponential, Hu-Sawicki, Starobinsky and Tsujikawa models. We summarize various viability conditions and explicitly demonstrate that the late-time cosmic acceleration following the matter-dominated stage can be realized in these viable models. We also study equation of state for dark energy and confirm that the crossing of the phantom divide from the phantom phase to the non-phantom (quintessence) one can occur and the future crossings of the phantom divide line wDE = −1 are the ge
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46

MARTINELLI, MATTEO. "Constraining Modified Gravity Theories With Cosmology." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918418.

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We study and constrain the Hu and Sawicki f(R) model using CMB and weak lensing forecasted data. We also use the same data to constrain extended theories of gravity and the subclass of f(R) theories using a general parameterization describing departures from General Relativity. Moreover we study and constrain also a Dark Coupling model where Dark Energy and Dark Matter are coupled toghether.
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47

Oliveira, Miguel Ângelo 1978. "Modified theories of gravity: traversable wormholes." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8750.

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Tese de mestrado em Astronomia e Astrofísica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2011<br>Recentemente, a enorme quantidade de dados observacionais suportando a expansão do universo tardio, propulsionou a cosmologia em particular e a gravitação em geral para a linha da frente da investigação científica. De facto, o problema da origem da chamada energia escura, constitui um dos problemas mais empolgantes da investigação actual, tanto no campo da física fundamental como no da astrofísica. Neste contexto, é de notar o aparecimento de modificações da Relatividad
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48

Silva, Hilberto Manuel Rocha da. "Cosmic Strings in Modified Theories of Gravity." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/138372.

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49

KAUR, SIMRAN. "A STUDY ON COSMOLOGICAL MODELS IN GENERAL RELATIVITY AND MODIFIED GRAVITY THEORIES." Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19756.

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Cosmology is a branch of science which deals with the study of the origin of the u niverse, its evolution and its eventual fate. The modern cosmology is based on the Big Bang theory, where the universe is considered as emerged out of the Big Bang, which occurred about 13.7 billion years ago. The cosmology assumes the homo geneous (no change during linear motion) and isotropic (no change during angular motion) universe, which is justified on the scales of larger than 100 Mpc. These prop erties lead us to make an assumption about the model of the universe, called the Cosmological Principle.
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50

Wang, Junpu. "The Effective Field Theory Approach to Fluid Dynamics, Modified Gravity Theories, and Cosmology." Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8891D73.

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The effective field theory approach is powerful in understanding the low energy phenomena without invoking the UV degrees of freedom. We construct a low energy Lagrangian for ordinary fluid systems (in constrast to superfluid), pure from symmetry considerations and EFT principles. The dynamical fields are the Goldstone excitations, associated with spontaneously broken spacetime translations. It is organized as derivatively coupled theory involving multiple scalar fields. This formalism enables us to study fluid's quantum mechanical properties and dissipative effects. Cosmological models can be
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