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Journal articles on the topic 'Modifierad lignin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Akim, Leonid G., Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, Lise Jouanin, et al. "Quantitative 31P NMR Spectroscopy of Lignins from Transgenic Poplars." Holzforschung 55, no. 4 (2001): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.064.

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Summary Milled wood lignins isolated from genetically modified poplar trees were studied by quantitative 31P NMR spectroscopy, in combination with thioacidolysis and mild alkaline hydrolysis. The genetic transformation of the trees included down regulation of CAD and COMT enzyme activities. These analyses confirmed that moderate CAD down-regulation does not substantially alter lignin structure. In contrast, severe CAD deficiency alters the lignin structure more profoundly by decreasing the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio and increasing the degree of condensation of the lignin. The most severe alterati

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2

Budnyak, Tetyana, Selda Aminzadeh, Ievgen Pylypchuk, et al. "Peculiarities of Synthesis and Properties of Lignin–Silica Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Method." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (2018): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110950.

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The development of advanced hybrid materials based on polymers from biorenewable sources and mineral nanoparticles is currently of high importance. In this paper, we applied softwood kraft lignins for the synthesis of lignin/SiO2 nanostructured composites. We described the peculiarities of composites formation in the sol-gel process through the incorporation of the lignin into a silica network during the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The initial activation of lignins was achieved by means of a Mannich reaction with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). In the study, we present a deta

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3

Muller, Louis Christiaan, Sanette Marx, Hermanus CM Vosloo, and Idan Chiyanzu. "Functionalising lignin in crude glycerol to prepare polyols and polyurethane." Polymers from Renewable Resources 10, no. 1-3 (2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041247919830833.

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In this work, crude glycerol liquefaction of lignins produced in the pulp and paper industry, as well as an organosolv lignin (sugarcane bagasse), was studied with the ultimate aim of preparing bio-based polyols for polyurethane (PU) preparation. This is a proposed strategy to valorise the by-products of biodiesel and lignocellulose biorefineries. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the lignins behave differently during liquefaction based on a ranging product molecular weight (MW). The MW of the liquefaction products was concluded to be related to the phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyl gr

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4

Vishtal, Alexey, and Andrzej Kraslawski. "Challenges in industrial applications of technical lignins." BioResources 6, no. 3 (2011): 3547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.3547-3568.

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The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals, but processing of lignin is still a challenge. A vast amount of lignin is incinerated to produce process steam and energy, and only a very small part is used for the production of value-added products. Technical lignins are isolated as by-streams in lignocellulosic refineries, e.g., as kraft, soda, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins, as well as lignosulphonates. They have a modified structure and contain impurities th

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5

Vishtal, Alexey, and Andrzej Kraslawski. "Challenges in industrial applications of technical lignins." BioResources 6, no. 3 (2011): 3547–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.3.vishtal.

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The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals, but processing of lignin is still a challenge. A vast amount of lignin is incinerated to produce process steam and energy, and only a very small part is used for the production of value-added products. Technical lignins are isolated as by-streams in lignocellulosic refineries, e.g., as kraft, soda, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins, as well as lignosulphonates. They have a modified structure and contain impurities th

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6

Lv, Xin Ying, Qiang Liu, Yan Hua Zhang, and Ming Wei Di. "Compatibility of Lignin/LDPE Composites Modified with HDPE-G-MAH." Advanced Materials Research 181-182 (January 2011): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.181-182.88.

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Lignin have been blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE). Maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene (HDPE-g-MAH) has been added as compatibilizing agent. The weight ratio of LDPE, ligin and HDPE-a-MAH were 75:25:7.5, 75:25:10 and 75:25:12.5, respectively. The mechanical properties of the blends were investigated according to Chinese standard GB/1447-2005 and compared with those of lignin/LDPE composites without compatibilizing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the dispersion of the lignin and LDPE and the compatibilizing mechanism was analyzed. The

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7

Govender, Priyashnie, B. M. Majeke, Abiodun Oluseun Alawode, Johans F. Gorgens, and Luvuyo Tyhoda. "The Use of South African Spent Pulping Liquor to Synthesize Lignin Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 4 (2020): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-20-00047.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the potential of using lignin sourced from South African black liquor as a total phenol substitute in phenol-formaldehyde resins (PFRs), with a particular focus on bonding strength and curing properties. Four South African pulping-based lignins were used to synthesize these lignin-phenol formaldehyde resins (LPF100 resins), namely Eucalyptus Kraft lignin, Pine Kraft lignin, Bagasse Soda lignin, and Bagasse Steam Exploded lignin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to determi

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8

Sevillano, R. M., G. Mortha, M. Barrelle, and D. Lachenal. "19F NMR Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Carbonyl Groups in Lignins." Holzforschung 55, no. 3 (2001): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.048.

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Summary The amount of carbonyl groups in an organosolv lignin was determined by 19F NMR spectroscopy after different derivatizations: derivatization with trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine, fluorobenzoylation of alcohol groups formed after NaBH4 reduction of lignin, fluorobenzoylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups after catalytic hydrogenation of lignin. Oximation was also used for comparison. Carbonyl group contents determined by 19F NMR after trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine derivatization were in good correlation with results from other methods. Trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine derivatization is a fa

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9

BUJANOVIC, BILJANA M., MANGESH J. GOUNDALKAR, and THOMAS E. AMIDON. "Increasing the value of a biorefinery based on hot-water extraction: Lignin products." January 2012 11, no. 1 (2012): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/10.32964/tj11.1.19.

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In conventional pulping technologies, lignin is used mainly as a low-cost source of energy. Small quantities of industrially produced lignin are used for the production of chemicals and materials. Biorefinery technologies are emerging that have an ultimate goal of replacing fossil sources for the production of fuels and other products. To achieve this goal effectively, biorefinery technologies must take advantage of lignin as the most abundant natural aromatic polymer and use it to add higher-value products to product portfolios. Lignin has the potential to be used in making a broad range of h

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Popova, Olga, and Tatyana Finochenko. "Synthesis and properties of ion-exchange materials based on hydrolysis lignins." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127304011.

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Hydrolytic lignin is a large-tonnage waste product of ethyl alcohol production and is a renewable resource. The structure of lignin is characterized by the presence of a large number of hydroxyl groups, which provides the value of lignin as a raw material for synthesis in polymer chemistry. But due to their low chemical stability in dilute alkalis, acids and solvents, lignins are of little use for wide practical use. The introduction of additional functional groups into the lignin maromolecule by oxidative modification with the use of resource-saving technologies makes it possible to obtain ne

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Capanema, Ewellyn A., Mikhail Yu Balakshin, Chen-Loung Chen, Josef S. Gratzl, and Adrianna G. Kirkman. "Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins. Part 1. Kinetics of the Reaction under Isothermal Condition at 130°C." Holzforschung 55, no. 4 (2001): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2001.066.

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Summary Investigations were conducted on the oxidative ammonolysis of REPAP organosolv lignin at 130 °C in 0.8M NH4OH solution under oxygen pressure of 12 bar. The lignin was completely solubilized at the reaction time of 165 min. The kinetics of the nitrogen incorporation consists of two phases. The first phase is up to the reaction time of approximately 35 min including 15 min heating up period. The rate of nitrogen incorporation in the first phase is 2.3 times higher than that in the second phase: κ1 = 4.58 × 10−4 s−1 versus κ2 = 1.90 × 10−4 s−1. The oxygen uptake and CO2 formation in the r

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12

Daou, Mariane, Clementina Farfan Soto, Amel Majira, et al. "Fungal Treatment for the Valorization of Technical Soda Lignin." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010039.

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Technical lignins produced as a by-product in biorefinery processes represent a potential source of renewable carbon. In consideration of the possibilities of the industrial transformation of this substrate into various valuable bio-based molecules, the biological deconstruction of a technical soda lignin by filamentous fungi was investigated. The ability of three basidiomycetes (Polyporus brumalis, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Leiotrametes menziesii) to modify this material, the resultant structural and chemical changes, and the secreted proteins during growth on this substrate were investigated

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Daou, Mariane, Clementina Farfan Soto, Amel Majira, et al. "Fungal Treatment for the Valorization of Technical Soda Lignin." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010039.

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Technical lignins produced as a by-product in biorefinery processes represent a potential source of renewable carbon. In consideration of the possibilities of the industrial transformation of this substrate into various valuable bio-based molecules, the biological deconstruction of a technical soda lignin by filamentous fungi was investigated. The ability of three basidiomycetes (Polyporus brumalis, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Leiotrametes menziesii) to modify this material, the resultant structural and chemical changes, and the secreted proteins during growth on this substrate were investigated

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14

Wang, Yun-Yan, Charles Cai, and Arthur Ragauskas. "Recent advances in lignin-based polyurethanes." April 2017 16, no. 04 (2017): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.4.203.

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Given the rise in demand for sustainable renewable biofuels and promising developments in cellulosic ethanol, the valorization of lignin has become essential for biorefining operations, especially with today’s low-cost energy production state of affairs. In the past 40 years, numerous efforts have been devoted to incorporate lignin and lignin derivatives into commercial polymeric materials. One of the promising strategies is to utilize multifunctional lignin macromolecules or oligomers as the replacement of polyols during polyurethane synthesis. In this review, recent advances in fabricating p

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15

Ruel, Katia, Vincent Burlat, and Jean-Paul Joseleau. "Relationship Between Ultrastructural Topochemistry of Lignin and Wood Properties." IAWA Journal 20, no. 2 (1999): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000681.

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The main subunits of lignin could be visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with antibodies raised against synthetic lignin model polymers. Thus, immunological probes against p-hydroxyphenyl propane, guaiacyl and mixed guaiacyl-syringyl units allowed to specifically localize the qualitative distribution of lignins in plant cell tissues . Depending on the mode of preparation of the synthetic lignin antigens , the corresponding antibodies showed specificity for condensed or noncondensed interunits linkages . This specificity is illustrated with the different labellings provided by

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16

Tiainen, Eija, Torbjörn Drakenberg, Tarja Tamminen, Kirsi Kataja, and Anneli Hase. "Determination of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Lignin by Combined Use of 1H NMR and UV Spectroscopy." Holzforschung 53, no. 5 (1999): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.087.

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Summary Two independent spectroscopic methods are presented and compared for the quantitation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignins. The combined information is used to further elucidate the character of the lignin samples examined. The UV method is based on the difference of the spectroscopic properties of the ionised and the nonionised phenol. The method using 1H NMR spectroscopy is based on the exchange of phenolic protons in D2O. The difference in integrated proton intensities in the sample dissolved in DMSO and the sample with additional 20% D2O is proportional to the phenolic proton

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17

Klein, Alzagameem, Rumpf, Korte, Kreyenschmidt, and Schulze. "Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins." Coatings 9, no. 8 (2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080494.

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Due to global ecological and economic challenges that have been correlated to the transition from fossil-based to renewable resources, fundamental studies are being performed worldwide to replace fossil fuel raw materials in plastic production. One aspect of current research is the development of lignin-derived polyols to substitute expensive fossil-based polyol components for polyurethane and polyester production. This article describes the synthesis of bioactive lignin-based polyurethane coatings using unmodified and demethylated Kraft lignins. Demethylation was performed to enhance the reac

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18

Kotlyarova, Irina Aleksandrovna. "INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF WOOD OF PINE, BIRCH AND OAK, MODIFIED WITH MONOETHANOLA-MINE(N→B)THREEHYDROXYBORATE." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019024609.

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The article presents the results of IR-spectroscopic study of wood of pine, birch and oak, modified with 50% aqueous solution of monoethanolamine(N→B)threehydroxyborate. IR spectra of the samples of birch and oak, modified by monoethanolamine(N→B)threehydroxyborate havebeen obtained for the first time. It was found that the modifier chemically interacts at room temperature with the reactive groups of the tree species under study; the chemical bonds being formed are hydrolytically stable. It is revealed that the change in the supramolecular structure of the modified wood is associated with a ch

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Xu, Chi, Duanyi Wang, Shaowei Zhang, et al. "Effect of Lignin Modifier on Engineering Performance of Bituminous Binder and Mixture." Polymers 13, no. 7 (2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071083.

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Lignin accounts for approximately 30% of the weight of herbaceous biomass. Utilizing lignin in asphalt pavement industry could enhance the performance of pavement while balancing the construction cost. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing lignin as a bitumen performance improver. For this purpose, lignin derived from aspen wood chips (labeled as KL) and corn stalk residues (labeled as CL) were selected to prepare the lignin modified bituminous binder. The properties of the lignin modified binder were investigated through rheological, mechanical and chemical tests. The multi

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Kaur, Ramandeep, S. K. Uppal, and Poonam Sharma. "Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Sugarcane Bagasse Lignin and Chemically Modified Lignins." Sugar Tech 19, no. 6 (2017): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-017-0513-y.

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Wang, Miao, Yadong Zhao, and Jiebing Li. "Demethylation and other modifications of industrial softwood kraft lignin by laccase-mediators." Holzforschung 72, no. 5 (2018): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0096.

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Abstract Substitution of phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin preparations by technical lignins is hindered by the inherently lower reactivity of lignin compared to phenol. Demethylation of an industrial softwood kraft lignin (SKL) to improve its reactivity is the focus of this paper. To this purpose, kraft lignin (KL) was treated with two commercial laccases, NS51002 (L1) and NS51003 (L2), for 24 h in combination with three mediators, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)

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Capanema, E. A., M. Y. Balakshin, C. L. Chen, J. S. Gratzl, and A. G. Kirkman. "Oxidative Ammonolysis of Technical Lignins. Part 3. Effect of Temperature on the Reaction Rate." Holzforschung 56, no. 4 (2002): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2002.063.

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Summary The effect of the reaction temperature on the kinetics and the reaction mechanism of oxidative ammonolysis of Repap organosolv lignin have been studied. The reaction was conducted in 0.8 M Nh4oh solution under oxygen pressure of 12 bar and at three different temperatures, 70 °C, 100 °C and 130 °C. The resulting N-modified lignins were analyzed by elemental and methoxyl group. About 20–25% of maximum nitrogen content is incorporated into the lignin very fast, in 1–2 min of the reaction. The reaction kinetics then follows a pseudo-first order reaction law and consists of two phases. The

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Khater, Ahmed, Dong Luo, Moustafa Abdelsalam, Yanchao Yue, Yueqin Hou, and Mohamed Ghazy. "Laboratory Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Performance Using Composite Admixtures of Lignin and Glass Fibers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010364.

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Moisture damage and low-temperature cracking are common distresses experienced by road pavement. Different types of modifiers, such as fibers, can be used to improve the quality of asphalt pavements. In this paper, lignin and glass fiber were selected as additives to enhance the water- and low-temperature stability of the asphalt mixtures. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the composite effects of adding lignin fiber and glass fiber to a bituminous mix using experimental methods. The Marshall immersion, freeze–thaw splitting, and three-point bending tests were applied to evaluat

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Raschip, Irina Elena, Cornelia Vasile, Diana Ciolacu, and Georgeta Cazacu. "Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks Containing Polysaccharides. I Xanthan/Lignin Networks." High Performance Polymers 19, no. 5-6 (2007): 603–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008307081202.

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The polysaccharides are important materials in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and related biomedical applications. Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great commercial significance. It is well known as one of the best thickening polymers due to its high intrinsic stiffness related to the helical conformation stabilized in the presence of excess salt. It is used in a wide variety of foods for a number of important reasons, including emulsion stabilization, temperature stability, compatibility with food ingredients, and its pseudoplastic rheological properties. Due to its properties in

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Lakhmanov, D. E., Yu G. Khabarov, V. A. Veshnyakov, and M. R. Yokubjanov. "Nitration of Hydrolysis Lignin in Water-Aprotic Solvent Mixtures." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-184-192.

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Industrial lignins are formed from native lignins during chemical or biochemical processing of plant raw materials. Lignins can be modified to produce valuable products, including monomers, polymeric materials, and composites. The article presents the results of a study of hydrolysis lignin nitration under various conditions. The aim of the study was to obtain a nitrated hydrolysis lignin with a maximum yield and maximum nitrogen content. Therefore, the nitration was carried out using nitric acid in a water-aprotic solvent binary mixtures (1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dime

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Hemmilä, Venla, Reza Hosseinpourpia, Stergios Adamopoulos, and Arantxa Eceiza. "Characterization of Wood-based Industrial Biorefinery Lignosulfonates and Supercritical Water Hydrolysis Lignin." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 11 (2019): 5835–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00878-5.

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Abstract Understanding the properties of any particular biorefinery or pulping residue lignin is crucial when choosing the right lignin for the right end use. In this paper, three different residual lignin types [supercritical water hydrolysis lignin (SCWH), ammonium lignosulfonate (A-LS), and sodium lignosulfonate (S-LS)] were evaluated for their chemical structure, thermal properties and water vapor adsorption behavior. SCWH lignin was found to have a high amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups and the highest amount of β-O-4 linkages. Combined with a low ash content, it shows potential to be us

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Zhang, Yi, Xueyan Liu, Panos Apostolidis, et al. "Chemical and Rheological Evaluation of Aged Lignin-Modified Bitumen." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244176.

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As bitumen oxidizes, material stiffening and embrittlement occur, and bitumen eventually cracks. The use of anti-oxidants, such as lignin, could be used to delay oxidative aging and to extend the lifetime of asphalt pavements. In this study, the chemical and rheological effect of lignin on bitumen was evaluated by using a single dosage organsolv lignin (10 wt.% dosage). A pressure aging vessel (PAV) was used to simulate the long-term aging process after performing the standard short-term aging procedure, and the lignin-modified bituminous binders were characterized by an environmental scanning

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Rotondo, Felipe, Rodrigo Coniglio, Leandro Cantera, Ignacio Di Pascua, Leonardo Clavijo, and Andrés Dieste. "Lignin-based coatings for controlled P-release fertilizer consisting of granulated simple superphosphate." Holzforschung 72, no. 8 (2018): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0176.

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AbstractA novel lignin-based slow release fertilizer with low environmental impact has been developed. More precisely, a granulated simple superphosphate fertilizer, consisting of calcium phosphate monobasic [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O] and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) was coated with modified kraft lignins and the diffusion of phosphorus was observed as a function of time. The lignin was hydroxymethylated with formaldehyde and subsequently cross-linked with phenol-formaldehyde resin resulting in HML-PF as coating. Moreover, coating films were prepared from a mixture of acetylated lignin (Lac) and acetylated cellu

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Zhou, Haizhen, Jingyu Li, and Erni Ma. "Multiscale Modification of Populus cathayana by Alkali Lignin Combined with Heat Treatment." Polymers 10, no. 11 (2018): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111240.

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Chemical modification of wood with green modifiers is highly desirable for sustainable development. With the aim of enhancing the water resistance and dimensional stability of fast growing wood, modifications were conducted using renewable and toxicity-free industrial lignin combined with heat treatment. Poplar (Populus cathayana) samples first underwent impregnation with alkali lignin solution and were then subjected to heat treatment at 140–180 °C for two hours. The results indicated that the modified wood showed excellent leaching resistance. The alkali lignin treatment improved surface hyd

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Kačíková, Danica, Ivan Kubovský, Milan Gaff, and František Kačík. "Changes of Meranti, Padauk, and Merbau Wood Lignin during the ThermoWood Process." Polymers 13, no. 7 (2021): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13070993.

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Thermal modification is an environmentally friendly process in which technological properties of wood are modified using thermal energy without adding chemicals, the result of which is a value-added product. Wood samples of three tropical wood species (meranti, padauk, and merbau) were thermally treated according to the ThermoWood process at various temperatures (160, 180, 210 °C) and changes in isolated lignin were evaluated by nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). New data on the lignins of the investigated wood

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Loginova, Vera A., Anna V. Cheshkova, and Tatyana S. Frolova. "PREPARATION OF DYED AZOLIGNINS ON LINEN COTTONIN MODIFIED BY ENZYMES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 2 (2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.5970.

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The possibility of using azoreaction for obtaining colored like-cotton flax (cottonin) are evaluated in this article. For the process of disfiling (disfibering, disenchantment) enzymes Pulpzyme HC and Scourzyme L ("Novozymes A/S" (Denmark)) were applied. Diazol scarlet K was used as a diazo component. It is established that the enzymatic modification of ligno-carbohydrate complex promotes opening phenolic hydroxyls. As a result, the reactivity of flax fiber with respect to diazol alum K increases. The spectra of dyed extracted polyphenols of flax were obtained and interpreted for region of 400

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Tita, SPS, R. Medeiros, JR Tarpani, E. Frollini, and V. Tita. "Chemical modification of sugarcane bagasse and sisal fibers using hydroxymethylated lignin: Influence on impact strength and water absorption of phenolic composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 20 (2018): 2743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317753886.

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Chemical modification of fiber surfaces can increase wettability of composites reinforced by vegetal fibers and, consequently, the dispersion of the fiber in the matrix and mechanical properties can be improved. Although there are some studies about agents for chemical modifications of vegetal fiber surfaces, there are few data and discussion about the usage of lignin. In the present work, chemical modifications of sugarcane bagasse and sisal fibers using lignin (previously hydroxymethylated) were carried out under different reaction times (15, 30, and 60 min). The composition (holocellulose,

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Ahvazi, Behzad C., Gerry Pageau, and Dimitris S. Argyropoulos. "On the formation of diphenylmethane structures in lignin under kraft, EMCC®, and soda pulping conditions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 5 (1998): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-060.

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This paper describes our efforts focused at defining the formation of diphenylmethane moieties in lignin during conventional kraft and soda pulping conditions. This objective was realized by confirming, initially, the assignment of a 31P NMR signal as being due exclusively to the presence of phosphitylated diphenylmethane (DPM) phenolic hydroxyl groups. More specifically, softwood milled wood lignin (Picea mariana) was subjected to kraft pulping conditions in the presence and absence of varying amounts of formaldehyde. After quantitative recovery of the lignin, the 31P NMR spectra were recorde

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Younesi-Kordkheili, Hamed, and Antonio Pizzi. "A comparison between lignin modified by ionic liquids and glyoxalated lignin as modifiers of urea-formaldehyde resin." Journal of Adhesion 93, no. 14 (2016): 1120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2016.1209741.

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Li, Jian, Shujun Li, Haigang Wang, Yang Yang, and Guowan Guo. "Preparation of a lignin-based composite and its properties." BioResources 6, no. 2 (2011): 1532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1532-1542.

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Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) lignin was modified with formaldehyde. TG-DSC and PY-GC-MS analysis methods were adopted to characterize the differences between EH lignin and the modified lignin. The modified lignin was then mixed with wood sawdust and made into a lignin-based composite under the following conditions: pressure of 2 to 5 MPa, temperature of 175 to 190 oC, and the modified lignin dosage of 20% to 70%. The effects of pressure, temperature, and the modified lignin dosage on the properties of the composites were also evaluated. The pressure of 2 MPa was not enough to make a strong compos

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Cornejo, Alfonso, Fernando Bimbela, Rui Moreira, et al. "Production of Aromatic Compounds by Catalytic Depolymerization of Technical and Downstream Biorefinery Lignins." Biomolecules 10, no. 9 (2020): 1338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10091338.

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Lignocellulosic materials are promising alternatives to non-renewable fossil sources when producing aromatic compounds. Lignins from Populus salicaceae. Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster from industrial wastes and biorefinery effluents were isolated and characterized. Lignin was depolymerized using homogenous (NaOH) and heterogeneous (Ni-, Cu- or Ni-Cu-hydrotalcites) base catalysis and catalytic hydrogenolysis using Ru/C. When homogeneous base catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) and Ru/C hydrogenolysis were combined on poplar lignin, the aromatics amount was ca. 11 wt.%. Monomer distributions chan

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Andersons, Bruno, Guna Noldt, Gerald Koch, et al. "Scanning UV microspectrophotometry as a tool to study the changes of lignin in hydrothermally modified wood." Holzforschung 70, no. 3 (2016): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0027.

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Abstract Thermal modification (TM) of wood has occupied a relatively narrow but stable niche as an alternative for chemical wood protection. There are different technological solutions for TM and not all details of their effects on wood tissue have been understood. The one-stage hydrothermal modification (HTM) at elevated vapour pressure essentially changes the wood’s composition and structure. In the present paper, the changes in three hardwood lignins (alder, aspen, and birch) were observed within the cell wall by means of cellular UV microspectrophotometry. The lignin absorbances in the com

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Zhang, Yi, Xuancang Wang, Guanyu Ji, et al. "Mechanical Performance Characterization of Lignin-Modified Asphalt Mixture." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093324.

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Lignin, as a bio-based waste, has been utilized in the asphalt industry due to various advantages. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two lignin products (lignin powder and lignin fiber) on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. The raveling, rutting, thermal and fatigue cracking resistance, and moisture susceptibility of different asphalt mixtures were respectively evaluated by the Cantabro test, wheel loading tracking test, semicircular bending test, four-point beam bending test, and freezing-thaw cyclic test. Results show that asphalt mixture with lignin powder-modified

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Arasaretnam, Selladurai, and T. Kirudchayini. "Studies on Synthesis, Characterization of Modified Phenol Formaldehyde Resin and Metal Adsorption of Modified Resin Derived From Lignin Biomass." Emerging Science Journal 3, no. 2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2019-01173.

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This study was related to development of economically viable method of extraction of lignin from saw dust in order to produce lignin modified phenolic resin and ecofriendly adhesives (bio-based resin). This study cover to improve the mechanical properties by modification of phenol formaldehyde resole resin using some additives such as boric acid, sulfuric acid and lignin biomass. The synthesis and metal adsorption capacity of resin derived from lignin biomass were explored. Lignin sample was extracted from sawdust of Acacia sp. collected from Batticaloa region by alkali extraction method calle

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Hong, Seo-Hwa, Jin Hwan Park, Oh Young Kim, and Seok-Ho Hwang. "Preparation of Chemically Modified Lignin-Reinforced PLA Biocomposites and Their 3D Printing Performance." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040667.

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Using a simple esterification reaction of a hydroxyl group with an anhydride group, pristine lignin was successfully converted to a new lignin (COOH-lignin) modified with a terminal carboxyl group. This chemical modification of pristine lignin was confirmed by the appearance of new absorption bands in the FT-IR spectrum. Then, the pristine lignin and COOH-lignin were successfully incorporated into a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix by a typical melt-mixing process. When applied to the COOH-lignin, interfacial adhesion performance between the lignin filler and PLA matrix was better and stronger t

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Shulga, G., V. Shakels, S. Skudra, and V. Bogdanovs. "Modified Lignin as an Environmentally Friendly Surfactant." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.919.

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The effect of softwood sulphate lignin modified by its oxidation in alkaline medium on its behaviour at the air-water and oil-water interface, where rapeseed oil and technical fish fat oil served as the oil phase, was investigated. It has been found that, irrespective of the рН values of the water solution, the ability of the modified lignin to be adsorbed at the interfaces exceeds that of unmodified lignin, which is obviously caused by the pronounced differentiation of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the molecular structure in the oxidised lignin and the decrease in the content of th

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Li, Jin Bao, Mei Yun Zhang, Hui Juan Xiu, and Jian Wu Cao. "Preparation of Cement Water-Reducer by Sulfonation Modifying of Wheat Straw Hydroxymethyl Ethanol Lignin." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1011–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1011.

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Modified lignin cement water-reducer was prepared via hydroxymethylation followed sulfonation of wheat straw ethanol lignin. The optimum process conditions of sulfonation of wheat straw ethanol lignin were mainly investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed to characterize the chemical structure of mofified ethanol lignin. Its morphology was revealed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The application results showed that when the modified lignin dosage was 0.5% the fluidity of cement paste reached 208mm, water-reducing ratio was 14.9% which was

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Maldhure, Atul V., and Jayant D. Ekhe. "Effect of modifications of lignin on thermal, structural, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/modified lignin blends." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 5 (2015): 625–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715610402.

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Use of organic biomass, industrial waste lignin, was considered interesting due to its easy availability, polymeric nature, and ample scope to modify with an aim to replace conventional metal oxides to achieve improved properties of the blend when blended with polyolefins. To study the effect of chemical modification of lignin on the thermal, structural, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/modified lignin blends, purified industrial waste lignin was modified by two different chemical methods and blended in various proportions in PP matrix. The thermal stability of the blends was st

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Sarwono, Ariyanti, Zakaria Man, Mohd Azmi Bustam, and Khairun Azizi Azizli. "Water Uptake Behavior of Lignin Modified Starch Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.204.

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A biodegradable urea crosslinked starch film was prepared. To improve the water resistance, the urea crosslinked starch system was reinforced with 5%, 10%, and 15% lignin. The prepared films were immersed in distilled water at three different temperatures, 25°C, 35°C and 45°C to study the behavior of water uptake. The addition of lignin effectively decreases water uptake as proven by lower water uptake equilibrium. Diffusion coefficient was calculated from the kinetic water uptake profile using the slope method of Fick’s second law for thin slab model. The calculated diffusion coefficient decr

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Wang, Hui, Allan J. Easteal, and Neil Edmonds. "Prevulcanized Natural Rubber Latex/Modified Lignin Dispersion for Water Vapour Barrier Coatings on Paperboard Packaging." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.93.

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Modified natural rubber latex can be used as paperboard barrier coating in order to replace unrecyclable wax coating material. Natural rubber latex (NRL) was prevucanized in different time interval and the efficiency of crosslinking were determined by swelling ratio test. Prevulcanized natural rubber latex (Pre-VNRL) was blended with modified lignin dispersion to decrease sticking tendency of the coatings. Particle size of lignin dispersion was reduced by Mannish reaction using octylamine which can increase hydrophobility in lignin. Compared with Pre-VNRL coating, a reduction of water vapour t

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Mao, Cui Ping, and Shu Bin Wu. "Preparation and Surface Properties Investigation of Lignin-Phonls Non-Ionic Surfactant." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.762.

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Surfactants from modified lignin have received growing attention recently. Lignin is an inevitable by-product of the chemical manufacturing processes for cellulose and pulping. Furthermore, this class of chemical has vast availability around the world. Due to the interactions of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on the interface, lignin modified surfactants present favorable surfactivity. In this paper, alkali lignin (AL) suffered the liquefaction treatment into liquefid alkali lignin (L-AL), of which major constituents were lignin-phenols. Hydrophilic modified L-AL was synthesized with epoxy

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Liu, Tianhao, Ying Wang, Jin Zhou, Mengyang Li, and Jinquan Yue. "Preparation of Molded Fiber Products from Hydroxylated Lignin Compounded with Lewis Acid-Modified Fibers Its Analysis." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091349.

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In this study, molded fiber products (MFPs) were prepared from lignin compounded with Lewis acid-modified fibers using enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) as a bio-phenol. The fibers were modified and compounded entirely through hot-pressing. To improve the reactivity of enzymatic lignin, hydroxylated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (HEHL) was prepared by hydroxylation modification of purified EHL with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)3). HEHL was mixed uniformly with Lewis acid-modified fibers on a pressure machine and modified during the molding process. The purpose of Lewis a

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Hopkins, David W., Elizabeth A. Webster, Wout Boerjan, Gilles Pilate, and Claire Halpin. "Genetically modified lignin below ground." Nature Biotechnology 25, no. 2 (2007): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0207-168.

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Spirina, T. N., N. N. Saprykina, O. A. Andreeva, et al. "Morphology of modified hydrolysis lignin." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 85, no. 5 (2012): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427212050199.

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Saffian, Harmaen Ahmad, Masayuki Yamaguchi, Hidayah Ariffin, et al. "Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Butylene Succinate)/Kenaf Core Fibers Composites Reinforced with Esterified Lignin." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142359.

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In this study, Kraft lignin was esterified with phthalic anhydride and was served as reinforcing filler for poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). Composites with different ratios of PBS, lignin (L), modified lignin (ML) and kenaf core fibers (KCF) were fabricated using a compounding method. The fabricated PBS composites and its counterparts were tested for thermal, physical and mechanical properties. Weight percent gain of 4.5% after lignin modification and the FTIR spectra has confirmed the occurrence of an esterification reaction. Better thermo-mechanical properties were observed in the PBS compos

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