Journal articles: 'Modular building systems'

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Barklund, Jonas, Andreas Hamfelt, and Jan Wünsche. "Building modular legal knowledge systems." Expert Systems with Applications 4, no. 4 (January 1992): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4174(92)90127-e.

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Li, Junjie, Shuai Lu, Wanlin Wang, Jie Huang, Xinxing Chen, and Jiayi Wang. "Design and Climate-Responsiveness Performance Evaluation of an Integrated Envelope for Modular Prefabricated Buildings." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (August 7, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8082368.

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Modular prefabricated buildings effectively improve the efficiency and quality of building design and construction and represent an important trend in the development of building industrialization. However, there are still many deficiencies in the design and technology of existing systems, especially in terms of the integration of architectural performance defects that cannot respond to occupants’ comfort, flexibility, and energy-saving requirements throughout the building’s life cycle. This research takes modular prefabricated steel structural systems as its research object and sets the detailed design of an integrated modular envelope system as the core content. First, the researcher chose two types of thermal insulation materials, high insulation panels and aerogel blankets, in order to study the construction details of integrated building envelopes for modular prefabricated buildings. Focusing on the weakest heat point, the thermal bridge at the modular connection point, this work used construction design and research to build an experimental building and full-scale model; the goal was to explore and verify the feasibility of the climate-responsive construction technique called “reverse install.” Second, as a response to climate change, building facades were dynamically adjusted by employing different modular building envelope units such as sunshades, preheaters, ventilation, air filtration, pest control, and other functional requirements in order to improve the building’s climate adaptability. Finally, based on the above structural design and research, this study verified the actual measurements and simulation, as well as the sustainability performance of the structure during the operational phase, and provided feedback on the design. The results highlight the environmental performance of each construction detail and optimized possibilities for an integrated envelope design for modular prefabricated buildings during both the design and renovation phases.

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Lawson, R. Mark, Ray G. Ogden, and Sunday Popo-Ola. "Design Considerations For Modular Open Building Systems." Open House International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2011-b0006.

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Modular construction is widely used for residential buildings of 4 to 8 storeys. In the context of open building systems, modular construction provides a systemised approach to design in which the benefits of prefabrication are maximised. There is demand to extend this form of construction to more than 12 storeys for residential buildings. This paper presents a review of modular technologies, and describes load tests and analysis on light steel modular walls that are used to justify the use of light steel technology to support higher loads. For taller modular buildings, the effect of installation and geometric inaccuracies must be taken into account and it is proposed that maximum out of verticality of a vertical group of modules is 50mm relative to ground datum. Using these geometric tolerances, the notional horizontal force used to evaluate stability of a group of modules should be taken as a minimum of 1% of the applied vertical load on the modules. Robustness to accidental load effects is important in all high-rise buildings and it is proposed that the tie force in the connections between modules should be taken as not less than 30% of the total vertical load applied to the module in both horizontal directions.

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Jagannathan, Suresh. "Metalevel building blocks for modular systems." ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 16, no. 3 (May 1994): 456–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/177492.177578.

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Munmulla, Thisari, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Julian Thamboo, Thusiyanthan Ponnampalam, Hidallana-Gamage Hasitha Damruwan, Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis, and Guomin Zang. "Analyses of Structural Robustness of Prefabricated Modular Buildings: A Case Study on Mid-Rise Building Configurations." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081289.

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The limited knowledge of the behaviour of modular buildings subjected to different loading scenarios and thereby lack of design guidelines hinder the growth of modular construction practices despite its widespread benefits. In order to understand the robustness of modular building systems, a case study was carried out using the numerical analysis method to evaluate the robustness of ten-storey braced frame modular buildings with different modular systems. Two types of modules with different span lengths were used in the assessments. Then, three different column removal scenarios involving (1) removal of a corner column, (2) an edge column, and (3) an interior column were employed to assess the robustness of modular building cases considered. The forces generated in the elements in close proximity to the removed column were verified to assess the robustness of each building case analysed. The results showed that the change in damping ratio from 1% to 5% has no significant influence on the robustness of the modular building cases considered, where the zero-damping leads to collapse. Corner column removal has not considerably affected the robustness of the braced modular building cases studied. The axial capacity ratio of columns is 0.8 in dynamic column removal in the building subjected to corner column removal, while in interior column removal capacity ratio reached up to 1.2, making it the most vulnerable failure scenario. Doubling the span of the modules (from 2.5 m to 5 m) has influenced the robustness of the buildings by increasing the axial forces of columns up to 30% in the interior column removal scenario. Thus, this study highlights that proper guidelines should be made available to assess the robustness of modular building systems to effectively design against progressive collapse.

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Kaushik, Nandini, Vrinatri Velentina Boro, Manoj Soni, and Pooja Bhati. "Modular Self Reconfigurable Robotic Systems." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2689.

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Modular Self-Reconfigurable robot (MSR) is a combinational system of independent and identical robotic modules. An MSR can further reconstitute itself out of the identical building units for adaptability to task-oriented functions and changing environment. An overview of the taxonomy related to the building of MSR modules has been discussed. Further, the high utility areas of the MSR robots have been considered. Then a study of the existing MSR robotic systems has been carried out. Lastly, control architectures of MSR modules and reconfiguration along with the further scope of advancement in the technological aspects have been discussed related to MSR.

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GASIEV, A. A. "Modern Capital Volume-Block Construction in Russia Based on a Universal Volume-Block (Modular) System with a Load-Bearing Metal Frame." Zhilishchnoe Stroitel'stvo, no. 10 (2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0044-4472-2020-10-38-47.

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The article presents a brief history of the development of bulk-block construction in the USSR and modern Russia. The technology of capital volume-block construction based on a universal volume-block (modular) system with a load-bearing metal frame is described. The main technical solutions of buildings manufactured using this technology are given. Restrictions on the use of technology for building buildings using a volume-block (modular) system with a loadbearing metal frame are described. The identification of this system according to the existing traditional classifications of such house-building systems is performed, as well as the author’s classification of existing volume-block house-building systems is given. The design features of the described system are investigated, and the problems of mass implementation of the system of volume-block (modular) housing construction in our country are presented. Possible ways of development are described, using this system for the implementation of state programs and for the development of industrial individual housing construction. The positive experience of building construction using this technology in Russia is analyzed. Examples of objects built in Russia for various functional purposes are given. Keywords: bulk-block modular construction, pre-erected capital buildings, modular construction development prospects.

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Su, Meng, Bauer Yang, and Xiaomin Wang. "Research on Integrated Design of Modular Steel Structure Container Buildings Based on BIM." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (January 17, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4574676.

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Modular container buildings, as new modular steel structure buildings with the advantages of modular construction and transportation, fast construction speed, and conformance to the concept of sustainable development, have achieved rapid development in the field of civil engineering in recent years. However, in view of the incompatibility of the standards and systems between the traditional construction industry and the container manufacturing industry, contradictions between industrialization, standardization requirements and diversified demands of buildings, and the low integration of the design system of modular steel structure buildings, the further development of the modular container building industry has encountered a bottleneck. In this study, for resolving this problem, it was proposed to coordinate the modular sequence of the construction and container manufacturing, establish a modular system for modular steel structure buildings, establish a database of container building components and parts, and integrate BIM and PDM platforms, to strengthen professional coordination and improve the integrated design that can increase the integration of the whole process of design. The application and verification in pilot projects such as Huaduhui Commercial Street have approved that this design method can effectively improve the standardization, industrialization, and information levels of design, production, and construction, increase the diversity and overall quality of modular buildings, and promote the achievement of the integration target of the modular steel structure building system.

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Hong, Sung-Gul, Ji-hyung Lee, Bong-ho Cho, and Tae-Hyu Ha. "Structural Design of High-Rise Modular Building Systems." IABSE Symposium Report 102, no. 21 (September 1, 2014): 1397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137814814067635.

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Li, Yangluxi, and Lei Chen. "Investigation of European modular façade system utilizing renewable energy." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab101.

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Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to summarize modular façade construction using renewable energy features in different aspects. Researches done so far primarily focusing on building envelop have shown various constructions of building enclosure without energy usage. This paper mainly focuses on modular façade renovation system programmes of European Horizon 2020 [34] and IEA ECBCS Annex 50 Prefabricated Systems for Low Energy Renovation of Residential Buildings in terms of construction, material, installation and thermal performance. Four aspects of construction, material, installation and thermal performance are adopted to evaluate these practices. Related website, paper and report from European commission constitute the database providing for review. Final results illustrate that all modular façade systems mentioned above could be classified into three layers: interior; module and exterior layer, taking charge of disparate functions. Both insulation and energy usage achieve the innovative envelop constructions manufacture. Integrating the renewable energy resources utilization technique into insulated building façade system is the core of this innovative projects achievement.

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Belausteguigoitia, Jone, Jon Laurenz, and Alberto Gómez. "Modular Ecotechnological Architecture: A Response to The Demands of the 21st Century." Open House International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2011-b0011.

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Constant change in current market and social conditions has triggered the demand for a more adaptable building stock. The capacity to assume and accommodate change has thus become a new requirement for buildings. At the same time, there is a growing demand for more environmentally conscious buildings. New protocols, building codes, and certification systems are becoming stricter regarding buildings’ CO2 emissions, energy efficiency, and other environmental aspects. The current building industry fails to satisfy these two demands; conventional buildings rarely enable change, unless undergoing complex renovations, and rarely consider environmental features beyond mandatory legislation. In this context, this paper proposes Modular Ecotechnological Architecture as a response to both demands. The basis is an integrated design that looks at energy, water, and materials’ efficiency altogether, combined with a modular industrialized building system. The system allows buildings to grow or reduce in size according to their needs, with little impact for their inhabitants, enabling versatility for a variety of uses within the same space and over time. This paper presents the concept of this new building system together with the technical, building code-related, and economic challenges encountered throughout recent experimental projects.

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Korol, Elena, and Natalia Shushunova. "Analysis and Valuation of the Energy-Efficient Residential Building with Innovative Modular Green Wall Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 5, 2022): 6891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116891.

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The installation of green wall systems on the residential buildings is a complex technological process, the parameters of which vary depending on design solutions, methods of performing work, instrumental and technical support, professional skills of the work performers and many other factors. The authors used the life cycle approach for the assessment of the energy-efficient residential building with integrated greening systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate an energy-efficient residential building with an innovative modular green wall system and to compare it with existing technological solutions. We show that the life cycle approach provides the choice of a decision that is also optimal in conditions of risk, which indicates the effective use of the green wall system. The results of the work are presented by the development of technology with modular green systems, which will expand the practice of technological design, experimental construction and the renovation of buildings, to improve the quality of the urban environment by implementing rational construction and technological solutions and appropriate work methods. This study will be helpful for researchers in green construction to develop their future research studies and for various residential green building owners.

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Ashcroft, Danielle, Temitope Egbelakin, John Jing, and Eziaku Onyeizu Rasheed. "Cost comparison of seismic damage resisting systems for modules in multi-storey buildings." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 330–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2018-0076.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic viability of a new and innovative seismic damage resisting system (SDRS) device by conducting a feasibility study. The SDRS device has been patented and specifically designed to be implemented in multi-storey modular buildings in seismic regions such as New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach Using a case study approach, two sample modular multi-storey buildings were purposively selected for the study. A cost-comparison analysis was conducted using the SDRS device in the two buildings, by carrying out a measure and price exercise of the construction elements. Findings The research results showed that the SDRS device is an economically viable option for mitigating seismic damage in modular multi-storey buildings in New Zealand. There is an average of 7.34 per cent of cost reduction when SDRS is used in modular multi-storey buildings when compared to other seismic resistance systems such as base isolation, moment resisting frames and friction damper systems. Practical implications The economic viability of the SDRS presents an opportunity for its usage in modular design and construction of multi-storey buildings. SDRS system is also applicable to other building typologies and construction methods. The use of SDRS also aligns with the current national objective to provide more affordable and resilient housing within a limited time; the opportunity is considered significant in New Zealand, including for export and manufacturing. Originality/value The confirmation of the SDRS device’s economic feasibility is the original contribution of the authors.

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HUNG, NGUYEN DUY, PHAN MINH THANG, and PHAN MINH DUNG. "MoDiSo: A TOOL FOR BUILDING CONTRACT DISPUTE RESOLUTION SYSTEMS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 21, no. 01 (February 2012): 1250002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500029.

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Real-world dispute resolution should be guided by laws, even if such disputes may be resolved by bodies other than the court of laws. Hence in order to build contract dispute resolution systems we need a tool capable of representing, reasoning and programming with contract laws. In this paper we present such a tool called MoDiSo (MOdular Argumentation for DIspute ReSOlution ) which combines the strengths of state-of-the-art argumentation-based techniques for different aspects of law, to propose: first, a modular architecture for contract dispute resolution systems with an edit-compile-dispute loop facilitating incremental system developments; and second, a methodology to represent and reason with legal doctrines in contract laws in the formal language of assumption-based argumentation. We demonstrate the tool with several legal doctrines for performance relief in common law of contracts. As a by-product, we obtain a dispute resolution system capable of explaining legal outcomes by automatically generating relevant arguments.

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Aye, Lu, and Dominique Hes. "GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM SCORES FOR BUILDING REUSE." Journal of Green Building 7, no. 2 (April 2012): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.7.2.105.

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Green Building rating systems are the main vehicles for commercial application of ecologically sustainable design for buildings. Using less materials, modular design for deconstruction, long life structure, using recoverable materials are emerging concepts to reduce environmental impacts and increase the resource and economic efficiency of buildings. It has been argued that because of recent emergence of these concepts, Green Building rating systems do not fairly recognise the environmental benefits gained. This paper quantifies the impacts of the building reuse concept on the environment and the Green Building rating system scores and compares this with the energy category. It was found that lifecycle embodied greenhouse gas emission of approximately 20 kg CO2-e/m2/annum could be saved, if 80% of the office building components (structure, façade, wall, floor and roof) were reused in Australia. A second finding was that the current BREEAM 2008 and LEED 2009 tools do not provide fair recognition of the potential lifecycle embodied greenhouse gas emission reduction of building reuse compared to operational greenhouse gas emission reduction.

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Yu, Tian Qi, and Yi Jin Wu. "Research on the Application of Light Steel Structure of ASA (The Coal Ash Spume Concrete) Series Plate in Architectural Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1687.

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Researching and Analyzing types and features of ASA plates , the advantages of modular production methods, prefabricated construction methods and energy saving of ASA plates with light steel energy efficient building systems can be initially drawn ASA series plates could be applied well in the civil design, public buildings and industrial buildings.

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Bonivento, Claudio, Giulio Dondi, Andrea Paoli, Matteo Sartini, and Andrea Simone. "Modular model building for vehicular traffic systems with macroscopic dynamics*." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 13876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02133.

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S. Lindsey, Jonathan, Sreedharan Prathapan, Thomas E. Johnson, and Richard W. Wagner. "Porphyrin building blocks for modular construction of bioorganic model systems." Tetrahedron 50, no. 30 (January 1994): 8941–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)85364-3.

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Seeam, Amar, Tianxin Zheng, Yong Lu, Asif Usmani, and David Laurenson. "BIM Integrated Workflow Management and Monitoring System for Modular Buildings." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 2, no. 1 (January 2013): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2013010103.

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The authors are collaborating with a manufacturer of custom built steel frame modular units which are then transported for rapid erection onsite (volumetric building system). As part of its strategy to develop modular housing, Enemetric, is taking the opportunity to develop intelligent buildings, integrating a wide range of sensors and control systems for optimising energy efficiency and directly monitoring structural health. Enemetric have recently been embracing Building Information Modeling (BIM) to improve workflow, in particular cost estimation and to simplify computer aided manufacture (CAM). By leveraging the existing data generated during the design phases, and projecting it to all other aspects of construction management, less errors are made and productivity is significantly increased. Enemetric may work on several buildings at once, and scheduling and priorities become especially important for effective workflow, and implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). The parametric nature of BIM is also very useful for improving building management, whereby real-time data collection can be logically associated with individual components of the BIM stored in a local Building Management System performing structural health monitoring and environmental monitoring and control. BIM reuse can be further employed in building simulation tools, to apply simulation assisted control strategies, in order to reduce energy consumption, and increase occupant comfort.

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Martinez, Santiago, Alberto Jardon, Jose Maria Navarro, and Patricia Gonzalez. "Building industrialization: robotized assembly of modular products." Assembly Automation 28, no. 2 (April 18, 2008): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150810863716.

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Özkale, Berna, Raquel Parreira, Ahmet Bekdemir, Lucio Pancaldi, Ece Özelçi, Claire Amadio, Murat Kaynak, Francesco Stellacci, David J. Mooney, and Mahmut Selman Sakar. "Modular soft robotic microdevices for dexterous biomanipulation." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 5 (2019): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc01200h.

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Grossman, Gershon, and Abdi Zaltash. "ABSIM — modular simulation of advanced absorption systems." International Journal of Refrigeration 24, no. 6 (September 2001): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(00)00051-7.

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Cauchi, Nathalie, and Alessandro Abate. "Benchmarks for cyber-physical systems: A modular model library for building automation systems." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 16 (2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.08.009.

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Rakotonjanahary, Michaël, Frank Scholzen, and Daniele Waldmann. "Summertime Overheating Risk Assessment of a Flexible Plug-In Modular Unit in Luxembourg." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 8474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208474.

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Modular buildings offer faster construction process, provide better construction quality, allow reducing construction waste and are potentially flexible. Frames of modular units can be made of metal, timber, concrete or mixed materials but lightweight structures do not always allow erecting high-rise buildings and generally present a higher risk of overheating and/or overcooling. To reconcile these pros and cons, a typology of modular building called Slab was designed by a group of architects. The building is composed on the one hand of a permanent concrete structure named shelf-structure and on the other hand of several flexible removable timber modular units, also known as modules. The shelf-structure will host the common utility rooms and will serve as docking infrastructure for the housing modules. To provide high flexibility, the Slab building was designed to adapt to any orientation and location in Luxembourg. An energy concept and a HVAC systems design has been developed for the Slab building. Furthermore, a two-fold sustainability analysis was carried out. The first part of the analysis regards the determination of the minimum required wall thicknesses of the modules in accordance with Luxembourgish regulatory requirements, although the current regulation does not yet consider the Slab building typology. The second part, which is the subject of this paper, is thermal comfort assessment, more precisely, summertime overheating risk assessment of these modules, in compliance with Luxembourgish standard. In this regard, dynamic thermal simulations have been realized on two module variants; the first fulfills the passive house requirements, and the second—the current requirements for building permit application, which in principle corresponds to low energy house requirements. Simulations showed that with adequate solar shading and reinforced natural ventilation by window opening, overheating risk could be avoided for the normal residential use scenario for both module variants.

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Kirichenko, Maxim Olegovich, and Vladislav Alekseevich Komarov. "Study of the influence of the design features of a modular hospital building on the observance of the temperature regime necessary for the comfortable accommodation of patients and the work of medical personnel." Buhuchet v zdravoohranenii (Accounting in Healthcare), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-17-2102-07.

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The article discusses the features of the influence of the design features of the modular hospital building on the observance of the temperature regime necessary for the comfortable work of medical personnel and the placement of patients. The author concludes that Modular Design can provide an energy efficient and convenient solution to the urgent need for additional hospital beds. However, evidence from this study suggests that better ventilation systems are needed if such buildings are to provide a safe and comfortable summer environment for patients and medical staff.

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Badyin, G. M., S. A. Sychev, Yu N. Kazakov, and D. V. Smirnova. "Technology of building vertical extension from prefabricated high-tech modular systems." Вестник гражданских инженеров 15, no. 4 (2018): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2018-15-4-78-85.

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Maslov, A. R., E. M. Smolkin, and E. G. Tivirev. "INNOVATIVE BORING TOOL ADJUSTMENTS." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 300 (March 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.supp.2022.03.pp.001-020.

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On the example of boring tool adjustments (BTA), the principles of creating modular tool adjustments to ensure complex modular technologies in modern digital machine-building industries are outlined. The description of innovative designs of modules for creation of tool systems is given.

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Romanska-Zapala, Anna, Piotr Dudek, Mariusz Górny, and Marek Dudzik. "Modular statistical system for an integrated environmental control." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 19006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017219006.

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In this paper series, we will examine the relation between the smart grid and the next generation of buildings. The new objective is now to design buildings so that the energy exchange takes place in time suitable for both sides. The building takes energy from the grid and give it back at different time because in the next generation of buildings they are equipped in advanced control system that controls energy storage for several hours and the new or retrofitted building can eliminate energy peaks and valleys for itself and assist the smart grid in equalization of the load. The control systems include monitoring and modeling of energy use and indoor environment to arrive to a weather-based prediction, Therefore, in part 1 of the paper series we address collecting, processing and analysis of the measurement data that can be done by the new modular statistical software alone or in conjunction with a dedicated neural network. We want to minimize energy use and maximize the thermal comfort of the occupants. Using the modular structure of the database, data transformation technologies and other existing tools, the modular statistical software (MSS) has been created to process large amounts of data as input to the decision-making algorithm. This is to enable buildings automated control (BAC) to take over the control of heating/cooling, ventilation, illumination and other performance aspects that relate to sustainability of built environment.

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Bolonina, Alona, Claudio Rochas, Inese Kibure, Marika Rosa, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Compact Solar Combisystem for an Apartment Building." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 4, no. -1 (January 1, 2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10145-010-0014-7.

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Compact Solar Combisystem for an Apartment Building The Riga Technical University Institute of Energy Systems and Environment, in cooperation with three Latvian companies, is implementing the project "Compact solar and pellet module" financed by the European Union. Within the framework of this project a combisystem will be installed in the Grandeg Ltd modular pellet boiler house. The solar combisystem will provide domestic hot water and space heating load for an apartment building in Sigulda. Due to the limited amount of space in the modular boiler house, optimal decisions should be made on the technical parameters of the system, including the volume of the heat storage tank and the surface area of solar collectors. Every alternative has both advantages and disadvantages. Economic factors of various alternatives are analyzed.

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O’Grady, Timothy M., Roberto Minunno, Heap-Yih Chong, and Greg M. Morrison. "Interconnections: An Analysis of Disassemblable Building Connection Systems towards a Circular Economy." Buildings 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110535.

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This study investigates the interconnection methods used to create a circular economy building featuring modularity and designed for disassembly and relocation. Designing modular buildings for disassembly and reuse can decrease waste production and material depletion, in line with the circular economy framework. Disassemblable buildings require connections to be easily accessible. Visible connections may be unpopular features; however, concealing these, yet leaving these accessible, presents a substantial design challenge. This study demonstrates solutions to this challenge by analyzing a purposely designed case study: the Legacy Living Lab. The challenges of disguising and sealing, such as by waterproofing, two types of connections are analysed: structural and non-structural. This study details the materials and connections used across the two analyzed connection types and compares the weights and reusability of components. Thus, a necessary case study is provided for practitioners to advance circular economy theory in the building industry. Notably, all connections in the Legacy Living Lab can be easily accessed with standard building tools, facilitating its disassembly and fostering component reusability.

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Dmitrenko, A. I., A. I. Bur'yanov, and Yu O. Goryachev. "Bearing and technological systems for building agricultural aggregates." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 5 (May 15, 2017): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66294.

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As a result of the technical re-equipment of machine and tractor parks of agricultural enterprises, recently technological units of a new generation appear on the fields. The principal difference of such units is not only in their constructive modular design, but also in the aggregation of their mobile power tools or universal energy facilities with replaceable adapter modules. The classification of composite elements for the construction of such modular aggregates based on mobile power tools and universal power facilities - as their carrier systems and a set of replaceable adapter modules - as technological systems has been performed. Objects of the classification of load-bearing systems are subdivided according to their type, a number of the main distinctive features associated with the principle of aggregate formation, the performance of their running chassis, the integration of technological systems with bearing systems, the design features of location or the presence of separate composite units and mechanisms - power plant, control cabin , mechanism for replacing the plug-in adapters and others. For the objects of technological systems, distinctive features are identified that are associated with the processes performed and the purpose of the replaceable adapter modules, their design execution, and also with the ways of their aggregation with mobile power facilities and universal energy resources. Given the brand commercially cultivated machines, prototypes of promising conceptual designs. In the course of the patent studies, a number of security documents (patents) used in the designs of developed models and advanced units developed relating to technical and technological solutions were identified. The technical and economic assessment of the functioning of machine and tractor parks using the example of models of agricultural enterprises in the subareas of the regions of southern Russia predicted that the use of machine and tractor parks based on new generation units (mobile energy facilities with sets of plug-in adapters) will reduce the need for power machines, levels of costs for the recruitment of new equipment of machine and tractor parks and their operation.

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Nezdanov, Kirill, and Igor Garkin. "Method of Increasing the Moment of Inertia of Metallic Angled Profile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.331.

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We consider the single concept of an application of analytical approximation theory to the development of building materials and of flight simulators modular architecture how complex systems. The annex to the development of simulators of dynamics flight modular architecture addresses issues of approximation of table-graphically given functions and of functions of several variables by polynomials of higher degrees. Are given the examples to describe the kinetic processes in building materials and in the development of simulators of flight dynamics.

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Seidel, Paul, Joachim Seifert, and Karl Wolffgang. "Thermal-electrical Measurement System – a modular, expandable Concept for short-term energy recordings in Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124604004.

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In the context of the energy transition in Germany energy-optimized and resource-saving buildings and building systems are being installed. To be able to do this, it is necessary to obtain information from the buildings, such as peak or base load of heating/cooling and electrical consumption. In the following publication a developed short-term analysis system based on a modular non-invasive measurement system will be described. Additional first results from a field test will be presented.

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Lawson, R. M., and R. G. Ogden. "‘Hybrid’ light steel panel and modular systems." Thin-Walled Structures 46, no. 7-9 (July 2008): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2008.01.042.

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Fiorino, Luigi, Vincenzo Macillo, and Raffaele Landolfo. "Experimental characterization of quick mechanical connecting systems for cold-formed steel structures." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 7 (September 30, 2016): 1098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433216671318.

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Among the several available building systems, constructions involving cold-formed steel profiles represent an efficient and reliable solution. These systems are very suitable to be used in pre-fabricated modular constructions, thanks to their lightness and possibility to automate the building process. In these systems, connections are usually made with self-tapping screws and play a key role both in fabrication, for reducing assembling times of modular units, and in structural behaviour, particularly for sheathing-braced solutions. In a framework of the European project ELISSA (Energy Efficient LIghtweight-Sustainable-SAfe-Steel Construction), which was devoted to the development and demonstration of cold-formed steel modular systems, an experimental campaign on quick connecting systems alternative to screws was carried out. This article shows the results of this experimental activity, consisting of monotonic and cyclic shear tests on connection systems. In particular, the tested specimens are clinching for steel-to-steel connections, whereas the fasteners used for panel-to-steel connections of walls and floors are ballistic nails. Tests results provided important information on the shear response of the connections with particular reference to the values of strength and stiffness, which are the main parameters for developing the seismic design of sheathed shear walls.

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Kümpel, Alexander, Phillip Stoffel, and Dirk Müller. "Self-adjusting model predictive control for modular subsystems in HVAC systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012037.

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Abstract In order to reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the building sector, an efficient control strategy, such as model predictive control (MPC) is required. However, MPC is rarely applied in buildings since the implementation and modeling is complex, time consuming and costly. To bring MPC into practice, controllers and models are needed, that automatically adapt their behavior to the controlled system. In this work, such a self-adjusting MPC applicable to heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is developed. The MPC is based on a simple grey-box model that is able to cover the general dynamics of the considered subsystem. The controller adapts the model parameters online according to the past measurements of the controlled system using a moving horizon estimation. The developed self-adjusting MPC is applied to three heating coils in a simulation. Compared with a PID controller, the self-adjusting MPC is able to increase the control quality up to 10%, while no manual tuning is needed. Additionally, the model predictive approach is able to reduce the power consumption of the pump by 80%.

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LINDSEY, J. S., S. PRATHAPAN, T. E. JOHNSON, and R. W. WAGNER. "ChemInform Abstract: Porphyrin Building Blocks for Modular Construction of Bioorganic Model Systems." ChemInform 25, no. 51 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199451160.

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Yuen, Po Ki. "A reconfigurable stick-n-play modular microfluidic system using magnetic interconnects." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 19 (2016): 3700–3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00741d.

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Kim, Jaemin, and Yujin Nam. "Development of the Performance Prediction Equation for a Modular Ground Heat Exchanger." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 6005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226005.

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Although ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are more efficient than conventional air source heat pump (ASHP) systems, their high initial investment cost makes it difficult to introduce them into small buildings. Therefore, the development of a method for reducing the installation costs of GSHPs for small buildings is essential. This study proposes a modular ground heat exchanger (GHX) for cost reduction and an improved workability of GSHPs. In addition, a numerical model was constructed for the analysis of the performance of the modular GHX. However, to easily introduce the new GHX at the building design stage, the development of a performance prediction method for the introduction of modular GHXs to small buildings is necessary. Therefore, the entering water temperature (EWT) equation was derived from the calculation methods in the heat transfer process, and the ground temperature model was developed in consideration of the operation condition. The numerical results showed that the average values of EWT and ground temperature were 8.11 °C and 8.00 °C, respectively under an average ambient temperature of 0.42 °C. In addition, the performance prediction model was compared with the numerical results. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (RMSE) of the ground temperature and EWT model were 5.20% and 1.33%, respectively.

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Eser, Steffen, Phillip Stoffel, Alexander Kumpel, and Dirk Muller. "Evaluation of linear and nonlinear system models in hierarchical model predictive control of HVAC systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012032.

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Abstract Buildings are responsible for one third of the global final energy consumption. Model predictive control (MPC) can reduce their energy consumption and improve thermal comfort. However, designing the required models can be time consuming. Splitting the control problem into smaller subproblems could make the modeling process more modular and therefore cheaper. A hierarchical MPC structure is proposed in this work, where the building model is divided into a lower layer consisting of the producer side and an upper layer consisting of the consumers. Linear and non-linear model equations as well as a cost-based and a control quality-based cost function for a building energy system are developed. In a simulation, the nonlinear controller outperforms the linear controller in both constraint satisfaction and energy costs.

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Rybakova, Angelina O. "Analysis of design features based on the application of modular elements of maximum readiness." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.2.5.

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Introduction. In the middle of the 20th century, technological progress made it possible to enlarge the building elements of buildings as much as possible, which led to the development of new industrial construction systems and increased production rates. However, to date, the issue has not been completely resolved and remains relevant. Modular construction is not sufficiently widely spread today, but many design experts predict its widespread introduction in the near future. The factor that decelerates the development of modular construction is the lack of theoretical foundations in the field of modular design, as well as significant differences from traditional design approach. Materials and methods. The purpose of this work is to develop the theoretical fundamentals of modular design based on the study of regulatory documents, Russian and foreign sources of research works, as well as the implemented projects. The task is to determine the fundamental features of modular elements of maximum readiness: principles of modular design, parameters of a modular element, advantages and disadvantages of a modular system, features of the design processes. Results. The theoretical basis of modular design includes basic concepts, principles and features; the conceptual design process is described using the case of development of an information model; parameters of modular elements of maximum readiness are presented, and the influence of modular items on the life cycle of a construction facility is analyzed. Conclusions. The presented system of principles of design based on modular elements of maximum readiness and parameters of modular elements allow us to systematize the established theoretical aspects of modularity, which make it possible to make modular buildings. The author formulates a new approach to design, which affects the entire life cycle and serves as the basis for new areas of engineering activities and scientific research.

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Khoo, Chin Koi, Flora Salim, and Jane Burry. "Designing Architectural Morphing Skins with Elastic Modular Systems." International Journal of Architectural Computing 9, no. 4 (December 2011): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1478-0771.9.4.397.

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This paper discusses the issues of designing architectural skins that can be physically morphed to adapt to changing needs. To achieve this architectural vision, designers have focused on developing mechanical joints, components, and systems for actuation and kinetic transformation. However, the unexplored approach of using lightweight elastic form-changing materials provides an opportunity for designing responsive architectural skins and skeletons with fewer mechanical operations. This research aims to develop elastic modular systems that can be applied as a second skin or brise-soleil to existing buildings. The use of the second skin has the potential to allow existing buildings to perform better in various climatic conditions and to provide a visually compelling skin. This approach is evaluated through three design experiments with prototypes, namely Tent, Curtain and Blind, to serve two fundamental purposes: Comfort and Communication. These experimental prototypes explore the use of digital and physical computation embedded in form-changing materials to design architectural morphing skins that manipulate sunlight and act as responsive shading devices.

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Abbes, Hanen, and Faiez Gargouri. "MongoDB-Based Modular Ontology Building for Big Data Integration." Journal on Data Semantics 7, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13740-017-0081-z.

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Felgner, Felix, Rolf Merz, and Lothar Litz. "Modular modelling of thermal building behaviour using Modelica." Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 12, no. 1 (February 2006): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13873950500071173.

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SCHRÖDER, LUTZ, and DIRK PATTINSON. "Modular algorithms for heterogeneous modal logics via multi-sorted coalgebra." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 21, no. 2 (March 25, 2011): 235–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129510000563.

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State-based systems and modal logics for reasoning about them often heterogeneously combine a number of features such as non-determinism and probabilities. In this paper, we show that the combination of features can be reflected algorithmically, and we develop modular decision procedures for heterogeneous modal logics. The modularity is achieved by formalising the underlying state-based systems as multi-sorted coalgebras and associating both a logical and algorithmic description with a number of basic building blocks. Our main result is that logics arising as combinations of these building blocks can be decided in polynomial space provided this is also the case for the components. By instantiating the general framework to concrete cases, we obtain PSpace decision procedures for a wide variety of structurally different logics, describing, for example, Segala systems and games with uncertain information.

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Main, Ewan R. G., Jonathan J. Phillips, and Charlotte Millership. "Repeat protein engineering: creating functional nanostructures/biomaterials from modular building blocks." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 5 (September 23, 2013): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130102.

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There is enormous interest in molecular self-assembly and the development of biological systems to form smart nanostructures for biotechnology (so-called ‘bottom-up fabrications’). Repeat proteins are ideal choices for development of such systems as they: (i) possess a relatively simple relationship between sequence, structure and function; (ii) are modular and non-globular in structure; (iii) act as diverse scaffolds for the mediation of a diverse range of protein–protein interactions; and (iv) have been extensively studied and successfully engineered and designed. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in the use of engineered repeat proteins in the self-assembly of novel materials, nanostructures and biosensors. In particular, we show that repeat proteins are excellent monomeric programmable building blocks that can be triggered to associate into a range of morphologies and can readily be engineered as stimuli-responsive biofunctional materials.

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Perera, Dilini, Irindu R. Upasiri, Keerthan Poologanathan, Kate O’Grady, Brabha Nagaratnam, Elilarasi Kanthasamy, and Heshachanaa Rajanayagam. "Numerical Investigation on Fire Performance of LSF and Steel Modular Floor Panels." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101721.

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The steel Modular Building Systems (MBSs) that have been influenced by the Light-gauge Steel Frame (LSF) techniques have become a prominent culture in the industry. However, the detrimental behaviour of steel structural components at high temperatures has elevated the risk of fatal accidents in the event of a fire. Although several research investigations have addressed the fire performance of steel modular wall systems, the behaviour of modular floor systems has not been adequately addressed in the state of the art. Hence, to promote the fire safety and optimum design techniques in the modular construction industry by addressing the aforementioned research gap, this study investigated 48 conventional LSF and MBS floors for their structural and insulation Fire Resistance Levels using Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and Heat Transfer Analyses (HTA) techniques. Initially, full-scale experimental fire tests were modelled using FEM methods, and the validity of the techniques was verified prior to the analyses of parametric floor systems. Furthermore, the structural behaviour of the channel section joists in the elevated temperatures was studied, and hence a correlation was established to determine the critical steel temperature at the structural fire failure with respect to the applied Load Ratio (LR). An additional 12.5 mm thick plasterboard sheathing on single plasterboard sheathed floors resulted a 30 min improvement in structural and insulation FRLs. In addition, the modular floor systems demonstrated enhanced structural and insulation Fire Resistance Levels (FRLs) against the corresponding conventional LSF floor designs due to double LSF skin build-up. The incorporation of rockwool insulation and the increase in the insulation volume implied increased structural and fire performances. However, insulation material in the modular designs was more effective. The fire-rated conventional and modular LSF floor systems are expected to be practised in the construction industry to achieve required fire resistances with optimum material usage.

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Pan, Wei, and Zhiqian Zhang. "Evaluating Modular Healthcare Facilities for COVID-19 Emergency Response—A Case of Hong Kong." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2022): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091430.

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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, modular construction has been adopted for rapidly delivering healthcare facilities, but few have systematically explored the impacts of the pandemic and the contributions of modular construction. This paper aims to evaluate modular construction for delivering healthcare facilities in response to COVID-19, through the exploration of the challenges, strategies, and performance of using modular construction for emergency healthcare building project delivery. The study was conducted using 12 real-life healthcare building projects in Hong Kong with both within- and cross-case analyses. The results of the within-case study reveal critical challenges such as tight program but limited resources available and the corresponding strategies such as implementation of smart technologies. The results of the cross-case analysis indicate 106% improved time efficiency and 203% enhanced cost efficiency of using modular construction compared with conventional practices. Based on the multi-case studies, the paper develops an innovative framework which illustrates the roles of stakeholders, goals, engineering challenges, and management principles of using modular construction. Practically, the paper should assist both policymakers and industry stakeholders in addressing the critical challenges of delivering healthcare facilities under COVID-19 in an efficient and collaborative manner. Theoretically, it should set an exemplar of linking the building construction industry with emergency management and healthcare service systems to facilitate efficient response to pandemics.

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Santi, Giovanni, Angelo Bertolazzi, Giorgio Croatto, and Umberto Turrini. "VERTICAL TURF FOR GREEN FAÇADES: A VERTICAL GREENERY MODULAR SYSTEM INTEGRATED TO THE BUILDING ENVELOPE." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 4 (September 2019): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.4.111.

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Research has shown the environmental benefits of green envelopes, as well as performance in terms of energy efficiency. To date, there is no analysis of the economic sustainability of these systems, which has allowed the realization of a few, albeit very well known, examples. The research has identified a green modular system integrated into the building envelope, designed to facilitate installation and maintenance, with competitive performance compared to other existing solutions; a system that wants to improve performance and flexibility of vertical applications, experimented on buildings, on the market, and able to adapt, above all, to the needs of the building process. It is important to distinguish architectural aesthetic requirements from those of the building process; the former aim to have an authentic vertical garden, with different kinds of plants where nature dictates the rules, the latter aims to achieve the economic sustainability of vertical greenery systems. This paper provides an analysis of a technique based on the installation of plant bearing modular panels with turf on substructures also provided with a micro-irrigation system, which allows the construction of a modular coating, characterized by reduced thickness, that can also be integrated with other materials; installation is quick and simple, since the panel comes perfectly planted on site. In addition to that it allows, from a botanical point of view, resorting to types of grass selected with a view to climate, exposure, environmental adaptability, color and shape. A comparative analysis of this green façade is also presented compared to other existing case studies, from a constructive and managerial point of view, highlighting both its economic and architectural advantages.

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Dodoo, Ambrose. "Lifecycle Impacts of Structural Frame Materials for Multi-storey Building Systems." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 24, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.24.1.23229.

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In this study the lifecycle primary energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) implications of multi-storeybuilding versions with different structural frame materials as well as construction systems are analysedconsidering flows from the production, operation and end-of-life phases and the full natural resourceschains. The analysed building versions include conventional and modern construction systems withlight-frame timber, reinforced concrete-frame, massive timber frame, beam-and-column timber frameor modular timber frame structural systems and are designed to the energy efficiency level of thepassive house criteria. The results show that the lifecycle primary energy use and GHG emissions forthe reinforced concrete building system are higher than those for the timber-based building systems,due primarily to the lower production primary energy use and GHG emissions as well as greater amountof biomass residues when using wood-based materials. The operation primary energy use and GHGemission for the buildings are lower when heated with cogenerated district heating compared to whenheated with electric-based heat pump, showing the significance of heat supply choice. The findingsemphasize the importance of structural frame material choice and system-wide lifecycle perspective inreducing primary energy use and GHG emissions in the built environment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Modular building systems'

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