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Journal articles on the topic 'Modular PKS engineering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Beck, Charlotte, Jaime Felipe Guerrero Garzón, and Tilmann Weber. "Recent Advances in Re-engineering Modular PKS and NRPS Assembly Lines." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 25, no. 6 (2020): 886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12257-020-0265-5.

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Wesener, Shane R., Vishwakanth Y. Potharla, and Yi-Qiang Cheng. "Reconstitution of the FK228 Biosynthetic Pathway Reveals Cross Talk between Modular Polyketide Synthases and Fatty Acid Synthase." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 4 (2010): 1501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01513-10.

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ABSTRACTFunctional cross talk between fatty acid biosynthesis and secondary metabolism has been discovered in several cases in microorganisms; none of them, however, involves a modular biosynthetic enzyme. Previously, we reported a hybrid modular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway for the biosynthesis of FK228 anticancer depsipeptide inChromobacterium violaceumstrain 968. This pathway contains two PKS modules on the DepBC enzymes that lack a functional acyltransferase (AT) domain, and no apparent AT-encoding gene exists within the gene cluster or its vicin

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Musiol-Kroll, Ewa, and Wolfgang Wohlleben. "Acyltransferases as Tools for Polyketide Synthase Engineering." Antibiotics 7, no. 3 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030062.

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Polyketides belong to the most valuable natural products, including diverse bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antifungal agents, immunosuppressants and others. Their structures are assembled by polyketide synthases (PKSs). Modular PKSs are composed of modules, which involve sets of domains catalysing the stepwise polyketide biosynthesis. The acyltransferase (AT) domains and their “partners”, the acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), thereby play an essential role. The AT loads the building blocks onto the “substrate acceptor”, the ACP. Thus, the AT dictates which building blo

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Rascher, Andreas, Zhihao Hu, Greg O. Buchanan, Ralph Reid, and C. Richard Hutchinson. "Insights into the Biosynthesis of the Benzoquinone Ansamycins Geldanamycin and Herbimycin, Obtained by Gene Sequencing and Disruption." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (2005): 4862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4862-4871.2005.

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ABSTRACT Geldanamycin and the closely related herbimycins A, B, and C were the first benzoquinone ansamycins to be extensively studied for their antitumor properties as small-molecule inhibitors of the Hsp90 protein chaperone complex. These compounds are produced by two different Streptomyces hygroscopicus strains and have the same modular polyketide synthase (PKS)-derived carbon skeleton but different substitution patterns at C-11, C-15, and C-17. To set the stage for structural modification by genetic engineering, we previously identified the gene cluster responsible for geldanamycin biosynt

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He, Yunlong, Yuhui Sun, Tiangang Liu, Xiufen Zhou, Linquan Bai, and Zixin Deng. "Cloning of Separate Meilingmycin Biosynthesis Gene Clusters by Use of Acyltransferase-Ketoreductase Didomain PCR Amplification." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 10 (2010): 3283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02262-09.

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ABSTRACT Five meilingmycins, A to E, with A as the major component, were isolated from Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226. Through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization, meilingmycins A to E proved to be identical to reported milbemycins α11, α13, α14, β1, and β9, respectively. Sequencing of a previously cloned 103-kb region identified three modular type I polyketide synthase genes putatively encoding the last 11 elongation steps, three modification proteins, and one transcriptional regulatory protein for meilingmycin biosynthesis. However, the expected loading module and the first

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Haydock, Stephen F., Anthony N. Appleyard, Tatiana Mironenko, John Lester, Natasha Scott, and Peter F. Leadlay. "Organization of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the macrolide concanamycin A in Streptomyces neyagawaensis ATCC 27449." Microbiology 151, no. 10 (2005): 3161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28194-0.

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The macrolide antibiotic concanamycin A has been identified as an exceptionally potent inhibitor of the vacuolar (V-type) ATPase. Such compounds have been mooted as the basis of a potential drug treatment for osteoporosis, since the V-ATPase is involved in the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption that underlies this common condition. To enable combinatorial engineering of altered concanamycins, the biosynthetic gene cluster governing the biosynthesis of concanamycin A has been cloned from Streptomyces neyagawaensis and shown to span a region of over 100 kbp of contiguous DNA. An efficient trans

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Agergaard, Julie Krogh, Kristoffer Wernblad Sigsgaard, Niels Henrik Mortensen, Simon Didriksen, Kasper Barslund Hansen, and Jingrui Ge. "MODULAR MAINTENANCE DECISION ARCHITECTURE." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 2715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.272.

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AbstractThe operation of large production assets requires many decisions from the acquisition and design of new assets to the choice of lubricant for a specific piece of equipment. The decisions made in maintenance have a direct effect on the management of the production process, making it important to ensure correct maintenance decision making. However, studies on maintenance decision making tend to focus on smaller areas of decisions being made in a process, but rarely the entire process. To introduce more studies that consider the entire maintenance process, this paper proposes using a modu

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Wang, Guimei, Lijie Yang, and Yong Shuo Zhang. "Modularized design of coal-mine paste filling station based on fuzzy theory." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 6 (2018): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2018-0006.

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Purpose This paper aims to study a modular method for designing a paste filling station (PFS) for a coal mine (CM) to reduce the PFS’s input cost and achieve reutilization. Design/methodology/approach Modular design criteria for the PFS are proposed and a modular division (MDiv) model and an evaluation method are established. The correlation-strength matrix of the PFS parts expressed in the form of rough numbers is transformed into a fuzzy equivalent matrix. The theory of rough sets and the fuzzy clustering method are introduced for PFS MDiv. The evaluating method is established for the PFS MD

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9

Rana, Vighneshkumar, and Vishal Singh. "Analyzing the dimensional aspects of 3D volumetric spaces: a product-oriented perspective." Proceedings of the Design Society 4 (May 2024): 2433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2024.246.

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AbstractThe concept of volumetric spaces has evolved in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector, ranging from traditional onsite built spaces to modern modular houses and portable architecture. Despite this diversity, there lacks a comprehensive framework to analyze volumetric space products across dimensions. This paper presents a conceptual framework based on abductive reasoning and qualitative analysis, aiming to explore interdependencies among dimensions. It hypothesizes that volumetric space dimensions are perceived differently and demonstrate interdependencies.

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Neroda, T., and Ya Uhryn. "Engineering the modular architecture of industrial pcs for sustaining automation systems in operational printing." Computer Technologies of Printing 1, no. 51 (2024): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32403/2411-9210-2024-1-51-19-34.

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11

Breimann, Richard, Christoph Rennpferdt, Sven Wehrend, Eckhard Kirchner, and Dieter Krause. "EXPLOITING THE SUSTAINABILITY POTENTIAL OF MODULAR PRODUCTS BY INTEGRATING R-IMPERATIVES INTO PRODUCT LIFE PHASES." Proceedings of the Design Society 3 (June 19, 2023): 1785–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.179.

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AbstractClimate change and the growing consumption of natural resources has made it increasingly clear that engineering must focus on the development of more sustainable products. To do so, the methodologies for developing products need to address sustainability. However, many of the frequently used methodologies, such as Modular Function Deployment (MFD) or the Life Phases Modularisation (LPM), do not do that sufficiently. The product life phases, these methodologies are based, only address sustainability in the form of recycling. That is why a broader approach to sustainability, such as the

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12

Barlow, Thomas, Mandappa Biddanda, Samarth Mendke, et al. "A SYSTEM DESIGN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN AN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.28.

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AbstractIntegrated Natural Resource Conservation and Development (INRCD) Projects are efforts at worldwide locations to promote economic development of local communities consistent with conservation of natural resources. This umbrella term includes Integration Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) introduced by the World Wide Fund to combine social development and conservation s through the use of socio-economic investments, and the Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) research and development efforts that have employed a systems approach for quantitative modeling and optimiza

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Diptendu, Datta, Sarkar Ankur, Sarkar Debasish, Bhattacharjee Chiranjib, and C. Mukherjee Dulal. "Characterization of bovine serum albumin adsorption onto polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 88, Aug 2011 (2011): 1305–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5786282.

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Department of Chemical Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700 I 07, India Department Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata-700 009, India Department of Chemistry, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700 I 07, India <em>E-mail</em>: dcm_chem@yahoo.co.in <em>Manuscript received 07 April 2011, accepted 13 April 2011</em> The article presents a detailed investigation of adsorption lead fouling characteristic of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) onto Polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltrat

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Cocola, L., M. Fedel, G. Tondello, and L. Poletto. "A Modular Approach of Different Geometries for Non-invasive Oxygen Measurement inside Moving Food Packages." Packaging Technology and Science 30, no. 4 (2017): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.2292.

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15

Ardriani, Tri, Pekik Argo Dahono, Arwindra Rizqiawan, et al. "A DC Microgrid System for Powering Remote Areas." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020493.

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DC microgrid has been gaining popularity as solution as a more efficient and simpler power system especially for remote areas, where the main grid has yet to be built. This paper proposes a DC microgrid system based on renewable energy sources that employs decentralized control and without communication between one grid point and another. It can be deployed as an individual isolated unit or to form an expandable DC microgrid through DC bus for better reliability and efficiency. The key element of the proposed system is the power conditioner system (PCS) that works as an interface between energ

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16

Haidekker, Mark A., Maohua Liu, and WenZhan Song. "Alternating-Current Microgrid Testbed Built with Low-Cost Modular Hardware." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063235.

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With the growing popularity of microgrids for alternative energy management, there is demand for tools that allow us to study the effect of microgrids in distributed power systems. Popular methods involve software simulation and prototype validation with physical hardware. Simulations often do not capture the complex interactions, and combinations of software simulations with hardware testbeds promise to give a more accurate picture. These testbeds, however, usually aim at the validation of hardware for industrial-scale use, which makes them expensive and not readily accessible. To fill the ga

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Jia, Xuedan, Xiangmei Song, and Chuntang Yu. "Privacy-Preserving Attestation Scheme for Revocable UAV Charging Using Hybrid State Channels." Electronics 12, no. 19 (2023): 3998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12193998.

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Although widely applied in varied scenarios, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suffer severe flight time and flight range limitations due to constrained onboard battery capacity, causing frequent battery recharging when performing persistent missions. The wireless power transfer technology is a promising solution for UAV charging by utilizing unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) equipped with wireless charging facilities, where charging time slots are auctioned and assigned to UAVs. However, UGVs themselves also have limited energy capacity, resulting in the need to revoke a UAV charging transaction

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18

Zou, Zong Feng, and Tao Yu. "Simulation of Data Management in Group Purchasing System." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 1445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.1445.

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By Data Grid to handle data sharing problems of distributed position in Group Purchasing. And so, evaluating and mining massive amounts of data is without fail required replication is important techniques to provide fast data access. Several replication modeling algorithms are studied in the paper. OptorSim provides a modular framework under different Grid environment. OptorSim is used to achieve the Grid simulator to research the stability and transient action. Modern group-companies are often made of many subsidiary companies. Stocking centralization can economize much fund for its large-sca

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19

Xie, Xiaoguang, Guang Jin, and Minglin Xu. "Thermal Design of Large-Power Focal Plane Components for a Microsatellite Based on Pyrolytic Graphite Sheet." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3683671.

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A high-resolution microsatellite’s focal plane components have high heat flux and a long working time. In order to solve the heat-dissipation problem of a microsatellite’s focal plane components under the condition of narrow space, this paper uses a new type of ultralight and super-high thermal conductivity Pyrolytic Graphite Sheet to make a thin and flexible thermal conduction strip. Such a strip is used to design the thermal control scheme for a fully passive, modular, and fast integration of the focal plane components. Analysis and test results show that under the conditions of an installat

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20

Weber, Timothy, and Bin Lu. "An Open-Source Energy Arbitrage Model Involving Price Bands for Risk Hedging with Imperfect Price Signals." Energies 17, no. 1 (2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010013.

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The increased uptake of variable renewable energy sources has increased electricity price volatility in many energy pool markets, providing an opportunity for storage systems to profit through energy arbitrage. Comparison between the cost or value of storage systems engaging in energy arbitrage should be performed on a levelised basis due to differences in system lifetime. Existing energy arbitrage models with bid/offer curves and imperfect forecasting are typically computationally expensive and are impractical for calculating lifetime levelised cost metrics. In this work, an open-source modul

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21

Kim, Jun-Mo, Jeong Lee, Jin-Wook Kim, Junsin Yi, and Chung-Yuen Won. "Power Conversion System Operation to Reduce the Electricity Purchasing Cost of Energy Storage Systems." Energies 14, no. 16 (2021): 4728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164728.

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A strategy to operate a power conversion system (PCS) to minimize the electricity rate of an energy storage system (ESS) is formulated. The ESS operation method is determined considering the power management system (PMS). The primary functions include peak-cut, peak-shifting, and frequency regulation typically related to electricity rates. Thus, the battery is charged and discharged when the price is low and high, respectively, thereby monetizing the battery. However, the ESS incurs a high cost for the batteries and PCS. Therefore, ESSs that reuse electric vehicle (EV) batteries are being acti

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Grzybowski, Piotr, Maciej Klimczuk, and Pawel Rzucidlo. "Distributed measurement system based on CAN data bus." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 8 (2018): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2017-0247.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the idea behind and design of a miniaturized distributed measurement system based on a controller area network (CAN) data bus. Design/methodology/approach The intention of the designers was to build a light and modular measurement system which can be used in remotely piloted aircraft systems and ultra-light aircraft during flight tests, as well as normal operation. The structure of this distributed measurement system is based on a CAN data bus. The CAN aerospace standard has been applied to the software as well as the hardware comprising this system. PRP-W2

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Alhamrouni, Ibrahim, M. R. Bin Hamzah, Mohamed Salem, Awang Jusoh, Azhar Bin Khairuddin, and Tole Sutikno. "A bidirectional resonant converter based on wide input range and high efficiency for photovoltaic application." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (2019): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1469-1475.

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<span lang="EN-US">This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch

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Leone, Alessandro, Giovanni Diraco, and Pietro Siciliano. "Context-Aware AAL Services through a 3D Sensor-Based Platform." Journal of Sensors 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/792978.

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The main goal of Ambient Assisted Living solutions is to provide assistive technologies and services in smart environments allowing elderly people to have high quality of life. Since 3D sensing technologies are increasingly investigated as monitoring solution able to outperform traditional approaches, in this work a noninvasive monitoring platform based on 3D sensors is presented providing a wide-range solution suitable in several assisted living scenarios. Detector nodes are managed by low-power embedded PCs in order to process 3D streams and extract postural features related to person’s acti

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Anshori, Isa, Vincent Lukito, Rafita Adhawiyah, et al. "Versatile and Low-Cost Fabrication of Modular Lock-and-Key Microfluidics for Integrated Connector Mixer Using a Stereolithography 3D Printing." Micromachines 13, no. 8 (2022): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13081197.

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We present a low-cost and simple method to fabricate a novel lock-and-key mixer microfluidics using an economic stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printer, which costs less than USD 400 for the investment. The proposed study is promising for a high throughput fabrication module, typically limited by conventional microfluidics fabrications, such as photolithography and polymer-casting methods. We demonstrate the novel modular lock-and-key mixer for the connector and its chamber modules with optimized parameters, such as exposure condition and printing orientation. In addition, the o

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Krivovichev, Vladimir G., Sergey V. Krivovichev, and Galina L. Starova. "Structural and Chemical Diversity and Complexity of Sulfur Minerals." Minerals 13, no. 8 (2023): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13081069.

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The chemical and structural diversity of minerals containing sulfur as an essential mineral-forming element has been analyzed in terms of the concept of mineral systems and the information-based structural and chemical complexity parameters. The study employs data for 1118 sulfur mineral species approved by the International Mineralogical Association. All known sulfur minerals belong to nine mineral systems, with the number of essential components ranging from one to nine. The chemical and structural complexity of S minerals correlate with each other; that is, on average, chemical complexifica

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Fanini, Bruno, Daniele Ferdani, Emanuel Demetrescu, Simone Berto, and Enzo d’Annibale. "ATON: An Open-Source Framework for Creating Immersive, Collaborative and Liquid Web-Apps for Cultural Heritage." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 11062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112211062.

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The web and its recent advancements represent a great opportunity to build universal, rich, multi-user and immersive Web3D/WebXR applications targeting Cultural Heritage field—including 3D presenters, inspection tools, applied VR games, collaborative teaching tools and much more. Such opportunity although, introduces additional challenges besides common issues and limitations typically encountered in this context. The “ideal” Web3D application should be able to reach every device, automatically adapting its interface, rendering and interaction models—resulting in a single, liquid product that

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Scionti, Alberto, Somnath Mazumdar, and Antoni Portero. "Towards a Scalable Software Defined Network-on-Chip for Next Generation Cloud." Sensors 18, no. 7 (2018): 2330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072330.

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The rapid evolution of Cloud-based services and the growing interest in deep learning (DL)-based applications is putting increasing pressure on hyperscalers and general purpose hardware designers to provide more efficient and scalable systems. Cloud-based infrastructures must consist of more energy efficient components. The evolution must take place from the core of the infrastructure (i.e., data centers (DCs)) to the edges (Edge computing) to adequately support new/future applications. Adaptability/elasticity is one of the features required to increase the performance-to-power ratios. Hardwar

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Baev, P. O., V. V. Pivovarov, S. V. Kornieiev, N. Yu Tregub, and S. Nolte. "Application of test-orthoses on lower extremities for determination of physical abilities and rehabilitation potential of persons with serious impairments of function of support and walking." Paediatric Surgery. Ukraine, no. 4(73) (December 30, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/ps.2021.73.94.

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The most numerous and most complex group of diseases which result in impairment of human function of support and walking are neuro-muscular diseases and traumas of a spine and a spinal cord. Impairments which rise as a consequence of such diseases, require effective orthotic management which will allow the patient to compensate the lost functions necessary at stable walking. For the last 15 years in Ukraine, as well as in the world, a great many of various constructions of orthoses on different levels of the lower extremity, which cover all existing pathologies, has appeared. But as practical

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Wiratama, Kenny, Stephen Roberts, and Kenneth Duru. "Weak imposition of boundary conditions for the gauge formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations." ANZIAM Journal 62 (February 7, 2022): C128—C145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v62.16117.

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The projection method was first introduced by Chorin [Bull. AMS 73 (1967), pp. 928–931] and Temam [Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 33 (1969), pp. 377–385] as a computationally efficient numerical method to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Despite its success in decoupling the computations of velocity and pressure, it suffers from inaccurate numerical boundary layers. As an effort to resolve this inaccuracy, E and Liu [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 34 (2000), pp. 701–710] proposed the gauge method, which is a reformulation of the Navier–Stokes equations in terms of an auxiliary vector fie

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Zhai, Guifa, Yan Zhu, Guo Sun, et al. "Insights into azalomycin F assembly-line contribute to evolution-guided polyketide synthase engineering and identification of intermodular recognition." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36213-9.

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AbstractModular polyketide synthase (PKS) is an ingenious core machine that catalyzes abundant polyketides in nature. Exploring interactions among modules in PKS is very important for understanding the overall biosynthetic process and for engineering PKS assembly-lines. Here, we show that intermodular recognition between the enoylreductase domain ER1/2 inside module 1/2 and the ketosynthase domain KS3 inside module 3 is required for the cross-module enoylreduction in azalomycin F (AZL) biosynthesis. We also show that KS4 of module 4 acts as a gatekeeper facilitating cross-module enoylreduction

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Tao, Xavier B., Sarah LaFrance, Yifei Xing, et al. "ClusterCAD 2.0: an updated computational platform for chimeric type I polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetase design." Nucleic Acids Research, November 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac1075.

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Abstract Megasynthase enzymes such as type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) play a central role in microbial chemical warfare because they can evolve rapidly by shuffling parts (catalytic domains) to produce novel chemicals. If we can understand the design rules to reshuffle these parts, PKSs and NRPSs will provide a systematic and modular way to synthesize millions of molecules including pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, and biofuels. However, PKS and NRPS engineering remains difficult due to a limited understanding of the determinants of PKS and

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Su, Li, Laurence Hôtel, Cédric Paris, et al. "Engineering the stambomycin modular polyketide synthase yields 37-membered mini-stambomycins." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-27955-z.

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AbstractThe modular organization of the type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) would seem propitious for rational engineering of desirable analogous. However, despite decades of efforts, such experiments remain largely inefficient. Here, we combine multiple, state-of-the-art approaches to reprogram the stambomycin PKS by deleting seven internal modules. One system produces the target 37-membered mini-stambomycin metabolites − a reduction in chain length of 14 carbons relative to the 51-membered parental compounds − but also substantial quantities of shunt metabolites. Our data also support an unpr

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Qu, Xudong, Mengmeng Zheng, Wan Zhang, Zhi Lin, Lei Li, and Zixin Deng. "Inter‐domain Coordination Determines Polyketide Extender Unit Specificity in UK‐2A Biosynthesis." ChemBioChem, March 27, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202401050.

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Controlling the incorporation of extender units is a key strategy for manipulating polyketide scaffolds. Current understanding suggests that extender unit incorporation by modular polyketide synthase (PKS) is primarily regulated by acyltransferase (AT) domains, along with ketosynthase (KS), ketoreductase (KR) and thioesterase (TE) domains. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the specific incorporation of the benzyl side chain at the C7 position of UK‐2A, both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings reveal that the incorporation of the benzylmalonyl‐CoA extender unit is governed

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Zhao, Yuqiong, Wenyu Zhang, Wen Liu, and zhijun tang. "Noncanonical Functions of Ketosynthase Domains in Type I Polyketide Synthases." ChemBioChem, October 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400751.

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Modular type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) are remarkable molecular machines that can synthesize structurally complex polyketide natural products with a wide range of biological activities. In these molecular machines, ketosynthase (KS) domains play a central role, typically by catalyzing decarboxylative Claisen condensation for polyketide chain extension. Noncanonical KS domains with catalytic functions rather than Claisen condensation have increasingly been evidenced, further demonstrating the capability of type I PKSs for structural diversity. This review provides an overview of the reactio

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Miyazawa, Takeshi, Melissa Hirsch, Zhicheng Zhang, and Adrian T. Keatinge-Clay. "An in vitro platform for engineering and harnessing modular polyketide synthases." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13811-0.

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AbstractTo harness the synthetic power of modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), many aspects of their biochemistry must be elucidated. A robust platform to study these megadalton assembly lines has not yet been described. Here, we in vitro reconstitute the venemycin PKS, a short assembly line that generates an aromatic product. Incubating its polypeptides, VemG and VemH, with 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, ATP, malonate, coenzyme A, and the malonyl-CoA ligase MatB, venemycin production can be monitored by HPLC and NMR. Multi-milligram quantities of venemycin are isolable from dialysis-based reactor

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Baunach, Martin, Keishi Ishida, Qi Sun, et al. "Mixing and Matching of Hybrid Megasynthases is a Hub for the Evolution of Metabolic Diversity in Cyanobacteria." Angewandte Chemie, April 17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202502461.

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Modular megasynthases, such as polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), are molecular assembly lines that biosynthesize many pharmaceutically and ecologically important natural products. Understanding how these compounds evolve could inspire the artificial evolution of compound diversity by metabolic engineering. Over the past two decades, a number of seminal studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of natural product evolution. However, the evolution of NRPS and PKS assembly lines remains poorly understood, especially for NRPS/PKS hybrids.

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Baunach, Martin, Keishi Ishida, Qi Sun, et al. "Mixing and Matching of Hybrid Megasynthases is a Hub for the Evolution of Metabolic Diversity in Cyanobacteria." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, April 17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202502461.

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Modular megasynthases, such as polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), are molecular assembly lines that biosynthesize many pharmaceutically and ecologically important natural products. Understanding how these compounds evolve could inspire the artificial evolution of compound diversity by metabolic engineering. Over the past two decades, a number of seminal studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of natural product evolution. However, the evolution of NRPS and PKS assembly lines remains poorly understood, especially for NRPS/PKS hybrids.

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Huang, Shuxin, Huining Ji, and Jianting Zheng. "Structural and computational insights into the substrate specificity of acyltransferase domains from modular polyketide synthases." FEBS Journal, June 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.17206.

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Polyketides are natural products synthesized by polyketide synthases (PKSs), where acyltransferase (AT) domains play a crucial role in selection of extender units. Engineering of AT domains enables the site‐specific incorporation of non‐natural extender units, leading to generation of novel derivatives. Here, we determined the crystal structures of AT domains from the fifth module of tylosin PKS (TylAT5) derived from Streptomyces fradiae and the eighth module of spinosad PKS (SpnAT8) derived from Saccharopolyspora spinosa, and combined them with molecular dynamics simulations and enzyme kineti

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Sun, Xixi, Yujie Yuan, Qitong Chen, et al. "Metabolic pathway assembly using docking domains from type I cis-AT polyketide synthases." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33272-2.

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AbstractEngineered metabolic pathways in microbial cell factories often have no natural organization and have challenging flux imbalances, leading to low biocatalytic efficiency. Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multienzyme complexes that synthesize polyketide products via an assembly line thiotemplate mechanism. Here, we develop a strategy named mimic PKS enzyme assembly line (mPKSeal) that assembles key cascade enzymes to enhance biocatalytic efficiency and increase target production by recruiting cascade enzymes tagged with docking domains from type I cis-AT PKS. We apply this strate

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Englund, Elias, Matthias Schmidt, Alberto A. Nava, et al. "Biosensor Guided Polyketide Synthases Engineering for Optimization of Domain Exchange Boundaries." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40464-x.

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AbstractType I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multi-domain enzymes functioning like assembly lines. Many engineering attempts have been made for the last three decades to replace, delete and insert new functional domains into PKSs to produce novel molecules. However, inserting heterologous domains often destabilize PKSs, causing loss of activity and protein misfolding. To address this challenge, here we develop a fluorescence-based solubility biosensor that can quickly identify engineered PKSs variants with minimal structural disruptions. Using this biosensor, we screen a library of a

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Kalkreuter, Edward, Kyle S. Bingham, Aaron M. Keeler, et al. "Computationally-guided exchange of substrate selectivity motifs in a modular polyketide synthase acyltransferase." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22497-2.

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AbstractPolyketides, one of the largest classes of natural products, are often clinically relevant. The ability to engineer polyketide biosynthesis to produce analogs is critically important. Acyltransferases (ATs) of modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) catalyze the installation of malonyl-CoA extenders into polyketide scaffolds. ATs have been targeted extensively to site-selectively introduce various extenders into polyketides. Yet, a complete inventory of AT residues responsible for substrate selection has not been established, limiting the scope of AT engineering. Here, molecular dynamics s

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Otsuka, Ryo, Yu Sato, Kenji Okano, et al. "Identification of a critical gene involved in the biosynthesis of the polyene macrolide lavencidin in Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5 using the Target-AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) base editing technology." Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 22, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00975-24.

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ABSTRACT Polyene macrolide antibiotics, produced mainly as secondary metabolites of streptomycetes, have distinct chemical structures and include clinically important antifungal drugs. We recently isolated the 28-membered polyene macrolide lavencidin from Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5. Here, we identify and characterize the lavencidin biosynthetic ( lad ) gene cluster by combining a gene disruption system based on a base editing technology and in silico analysis. Sequence analysis of the draft genome of S. lavendulae FRI-5 revealed plausible lavencidin biosynthetic genes, which could be assign

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Wang, Jian, Ke Wang, Zhe Deng, et al. "Engineered cytosine base editor enabling broad-scope and high-fidelity gene editing in Streptomyces." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49987-3.

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AbstractBase editing (BE) faces protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) constraints and off-target effects in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. For Streptomyces, renowned as one of the most prolific bacterial producers of antibiotics, the challenges are more pronounced due to its diverse genomic content and high GC content. Here, we develop a base editor named eSCBE3-NG-Hypa, tailored with both high efficiency and -fidelity for Streptomyces. Of note, eSCBE3-NG-Hypa recognizes NG PAM and exhibits high activity at challenging sites with high GC content or GC motifs, while displaying minimal off-target e

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Buyachuihan, Lynn, Simon Reiners, Yue Zhao, and Martin Grininger. "The malonyl/acetyl-transferase from murine fatty acid synthase is a promiscuous engineering tool for editing polyketide scaffolds." Communications Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-024-01269-1.

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AbstractModular polyketide synthases (PKSs) play a vital role in the biosynthesis of complex natural products with pharmaceutically relevant properties. Their modular architecture makes them an attractive target for engineering to produce platform chemicals and drugs. In this study, we demonstrate that the promiscuous malonyl/acetyl-transferase domain (MAT) from murine fatty acid synthase serves as a highly versatile tool for the production of polyketide analogs. We evaluate the relevance of the MAT domain using three modular PKSs; the short trimodular venemycin synthase (VEMS), as well as mod

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Melero‐Cobo, Xavier, Marçal Gallemí, Marc Carnicer, Elena Monte, Antoni Planas, and Pablo Leivar. "MoCloro: an extension of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii modular cloning toolkit for microalgal chloroplast engineering." Physiologia Plantarum 177, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.70088.

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AbstractPhotosynthetic microalgae are promising green cell factories for the sustainable production of high‐value chemicals and biopharmaceuticals. The chloroplast organelle is being developed as a chassis for synthetic biology as it contains its own genome (the plastome) and some interesting advantages, such as high recombinant protein titers and a diverse and dynamic metabolism. However, chloroplast engineering is currently hampered by the lack of standardized cloning tools and Design‐Build‐Test‐Learn workflows to ease genomic and metabolic engineering. The MoClo (Modular Cloning) toolkit ba

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Resen, Jenan AbdAlreda, Shereen Jamel Abbas, and Haneen J. Sadiqc. "The Principle IndecomposableProjective Characters of The Symmetric Groups S_22Modulo p=19." Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for Computer Science and Mathematics 12, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29304/jqcm.2020.12.2.696.

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In this paper we invention all the principle indecomposablespin(projective) characters of the symmetric group when and the characteristic of the field is 19. The principle indecomposable spincharacters of the symmetric group ,also can get it by determine all irreducible spin characters for , and all irreducible modular spin characters for , the sum of multiplication of these characters it represents the principle indecomposable spin(projective) characters of the symmetric group .For their more can get on the irreducible spin characters for by fixing all bar partitions for , also we can get on

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Lim, Pei Yi, and Naziha Ahmad Azli. "Comparison Of Inverters’ Performance As Active Power Filters With Unified Constant–Frequency Integration Control." Jurnal Teknologi, January 20, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v46.299.

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Penapis Kuasa Aktif (PKA) terkenal dengan kebolehannya memampas harmonik arus dalam talian kuasa. Pelbagai jenis konfigurasi PKA telah dicadangkan dalam tempoh beberapa dekad yang lalu, tetapi jarang terdapat artikel yang mempertimbangkan kebolehan PKA meningkatkan tahap struktur pembinaannya. Artikel ini akan membandingkan operasi penyongsang biasa yang berbentuk H dengan Penyongsang Pelbagai Aras Struktur Bermodul (PPASB) yang dikawal oleh kaedah kawalan Pengamilan Disatukan Berfrekuensi Tetap (PDBT). Kelebihan struktur penyongsang baru tersebut dapat dipertambahkan peringkatnya untuk keguna

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Apak, Mustafa Yurdabal, Murat Ergun, Halit Ozen, et al. "A novel modular shallow mounted bollard system design and finite element performance analysis in ensuring urban roadside safety." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, September 26, 2022, 095440702211255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070221125534.

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The safety of risky roadside zones such as kids’ playgrounds, schools, bus stops, petrol stations, critical roadside facilities, and pavements are becoming a significant worldwide problem. This study focused on the roadside safety of critical above-ground assets of natural gas grids due to its consequences such as fire, blast, traffic interruptions, service downtime, and consumer displeasure during the repair process. In this regard, a novel modular shallow mounted bollard system was designed considering the disadvantages of conventional bollard systems in the literature and the demands/needs

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Mu, Shuangshuang, Huangyao Chen, Qianru Li, et al. "Enhancing prime editor flexibility with coiled-coil heterodimers." Genome Biology 25, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-024-03257-z.

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Abstract Background Prime editing enables precise base substitutions, insertions, and deletions at targeted sites without the involvement of double-strand DNA breaks or exogenous donor DNA templates. However, the large size of prime editors (PEs) hampers their delivery in vivo via adeno-associated virus (AAV) due to the viral packaging limit. Previously reported split PE versions provide a size reduction, but they require intricate engineering and potentially compromise editing efficiency. Results Herein, we present a simplified split PE named as CC-PE, created through non-covalent recruitment

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