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1

Bai, Jiang Ling, Li Bin Zhong, Wen Hai Xu, and Jian Lin. "Research on Optical Signal Carrier Transmission Technology." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.193.

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This paper studies the single-sideband RF signals in the optical carrier side than the problem. RF signals modulated optical carrier OSSB + C modulation index is usually small, leading edge modulated carrier radio frequency signal generated by the optical carrier ratio is not ideal. A design scheme based on three-arm and four-arm MZM MZM optimized optical carrier single sideband radio frequency signal containing the edge ratio. By adjusting the DC bias voltage of the modulator can control the carrier side than the light signal. For any modulation index, are able to make the optical carrier sin
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2

Al-Haddad, Mohammed Kasim. "GENERATION OF MPSK SIGNAL USING LOGIC CIRCUITS." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 03 (2023): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.03.01.

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The traditional technique of generating MPSK signals is basically to use IQ modulator that involves analog processing like multiplication and addition where inaccuracies may exist and would lead to imbalance problems that affects the output modulated signal and hence the overall performance of the system. In this paper, a simple method is presented for generating the MPSK using logic circuits that basically generated M-carrier signals each carrier of different equally spaced phase shift. Then these carriers are time multiplexed, according to the data symbols, into the output modulated signal.
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Shanmugasundaram, S. "Sub Carrier Analysis for QAM Modulation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 4 (2017): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.866.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless data transmission system is a multi-carrier system in which single higher rate data stream can be divided into multiple lower rate data streams. Modulation and De-Modulation technique play a major role in OFDM based data transmission system. Based on Modulation technique only, the frequency transformation method and encoding and decoding methods are enabled. Effective modulation techniques called as “Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)” modulation are used to design an OFDM System. Carrier signal is one of the important signals
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S., Shanmugasundaram. "Sub Carrier Analysis for QAM Modulation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 4 (2017): 354–57. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.866.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless data transmission system is a multi-carrier system in which single higher rate data stream can be divided into multiple lower rate data streams. Modulation and De-Modulation technique play a major role in OFDM based data transmission system. Based on Modulation technique only, the frequency transformation method and encoding and decoding methods are enabled. Effective modulation techniques called as “Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)”modulation are used to design an OFDM System. Carrier signal is one of the import
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Chen, Xin-Qiao, Yu-Fei Dou, Si-Yuan Dai, Jing Wang, Wei Zhao, and Xu Chen. "A Novel Frequency Doubling Radio on Fiber System Without Bit Walk-Off Effect by Inserting a Pilot Frequency Signal." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 4 (2024): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2024.3585.

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A novel insertion pilot-frequency signal method for doubling frequency radio on fiber (ROF) system is proposed. At the center station (CS), the carrier emitting from the continuous wave (CW) laser is split into two branches. In one branch, a composite RF drive signal formed by combining the data modulated by a phased modulator (PM) and the data gained by an electrical gainer (EG) is loaded to the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) to produce ± 1th order sideband signals. The data signal of down link is modulated only on −1th order sideband. The other branch is used as the pilot signal. At the base s
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Chen, Xiaofei, Xiaochun Lu, Xue Wang, Jing Ke, and Xia Guo. "Constant Envelope Multiplexing of Multi-Carrier DSSS Signals Considering Sub-Carrier Frequency Constraint." Electronics 10, no. 2 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020211.

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With the development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), multiple signals modulated on different sub-carriers are needed to provide various services and to ensure compatibility with previous signals. As an effective method to provide diversified signals without introducing the nonlinear distortion of High Power Amplifier (HPA), the multi-carrier constant envelope multiplexing is widely used in satellite navigation systems. However, the previous method does not consider the influence of sub-carrier frequency constraint on the multiplexing signal, which may lead to signal power leakag
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7

Yan, Liuming, Yuefei Ma, and Jorge M. Seminario. "Encoding Information Using Molecular Vibronics." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (2006): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.087.

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Signals carrying information are encoded in molecular vibrational waves (vibronics) rather than in electric currents as widely done in microelectronics. We demonstrate theoretically that signals can be transmitted along a long polypeptide molecule; the signal is modulated in a terahertz carrier corresponding to a frequency of an intrinsic vibrational mode of the backbone of the polypeptide, via amplitude and frequency modulations. The modulated carrier is coupled as a vibrational wave to the polypeptide at one end of the molecule and propagates for more than 168 Å towards the other end. Digita
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8

Shaddad, R. Q., A. B. Mohammad, S. A. Al-Gailani, and A. M. Al-Hetar. "Optical Frequency Upconversion Technique for Transmission of Wireless MIMO-Type Signals over Optical Fiber." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/170471.

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The optical fiber is well adapted to pass multiple wireless signals having different carrier frequencies by using radio-over-fiber (ROF) technique. However, multiple wireless signals which have the same carrier frequency cannot propagate over a single optical fiber, such as wireless multi-input multi-output (MIMO) signals feeding multiple antennas in the fiber wireless (FiWi) system. A novel optical frequency upconversion (OFU) technique is proposed to solve this problem. In this paper, the novel OFU approach is used to transmit three wireless MIMO signals over a 20 km standard single mode fib
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9

Zhang, Chun Lei, Cai Hua Yan, and Hai Ling Chen. "Integrated Wireless and Wired Signal in the Hybrid Access System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2058.

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To meet the demands of different high bandwidth services, we demonstrated a hybrid access network simultaneously transmitting wired and wireless signals. In the downstream, wireless signals are modulated and transmitted in phase modulation format at the optical carrier and wired signals are re-modulated in intensity modulation format, different de-modulation schemes are used at optical network unit (ONU) side; In the upstream, carrier reuse technology are adopted to re-modulate and transmit uplink signals to the optical line terminal (OLT). Simulation results show user ends could get acceptabl
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10

Nugroho, Prapto. "Design of a 20 Mbps OQPSK Modulator Based on Multiplexers." JURNAL INFOTEL 16, no. 4 (2024): 855–70. https://doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v16i4.1237.

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This paper aims to delve into the design and implementation aspects of an OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulator within the context of modem technology, underscoring its pivotal role in contemporary information technology infrastructure. The research primarily focuses on elucidating the theoretical foundations of OQPSK modulation, which represents an enhancement of QPSK modulation techniques. Central to the design is the utilization of a multiplexer to select one carrier signal out of four, which is subsequently modulated by data bits. Furthermore, the modulator employs two squ
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11

Petrovic, Mile, Dragoljub Martinovic, and Dragana Krstic. "Bit error probability of PSK systems in the presence of impulse noise." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 19, no. 1 (2006): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0601027p.

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In this paper the phase error probability density function in the digital systems for the digital phase modulated signals transmission is derived. The circuit for the referent carrier extraction consists of phase locked loop. The referent carrier extraction is not ideal. The pulse interferences narrow-band Gaussian noise and different interferences are present with useful signal at the input of the receiver. The error probability of the digital system for the phase modulated signal demodulation is also calculated in the paper.
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Djoric, Aleksandra, Natasa Males-Ilic, and Aleksandar Atanaskovic. "RF pa linearization by signals modified in baseband digital domain." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 2 (2017): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1702209d.

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This paper represents the linearization of the RF power amplifier performed by a new approach that combines two different methods exploiting the modified baseband signals. The signals for linearization in both methods are formed and processed in digital domain. The required modified baseband signals for linearization are products of the second order nonlinearity of a nonlinear system fed by the useful baseband signal. In the first method, adequate part of the modified baseband signal is adjusted in amplitude and polarity and injected at the input and output of the amplifier transistor across t
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13

He, Jun, Jin Chen, Guo Bi, and Fuchang Zhou. "Frequency-Demodulated Analysis Based on Cyclostationarity for Local Fault Detection in Gears." Key Engineering Materials 293-294 (September 2005): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.293-294.87.

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The demodulation analysis has been extensively used for gear diagnosis. However these techniques mainly deal with the amplitude-modulated signal instead of the frequency-modulated signal. Due to the symmetrical phase relationship of the sidebands, the amplitude-demodulated methods are not suitable for the frequency-modulated signal. This paper introduces the theory of cyclostationary processes as a powerful frequency-demodulation tool for the diagnosis of gears. The Cyclic Autocorrelation Function (CAF) is an important second-order cyclic statistics and acts as an efficient parameter to the fr
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14

Jiang, Wen Bin, Qing Li, and Xiong Li. "The Development of a New Electromagnetic Field Generator for Anti-Scaling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 2162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.2162.

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Scaling exists commonly and its harm is huge. Because of this, design an amplitude-modulating electromagnetic field generator. The drive signal is obtained by amplitude modulation and power amplification. Generate two sine signals by the wien bridge and make the two signals through the MC1496 multiplier, the carrier’s amplitude changes with the modulator’s rule. And the frequency of carrier and modulator could be changed with the adjustment of the Oscillation resistance. Then, make use of D class amplifier TDA8920BTH to enlarge the power of modulated signal. At last, load the drive signal on a
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15

Xie, Xiaobing, Chao Luo, Huiyun Tang, Jinfeng Du, Ming Li, and Wei Li. "Photonic-Assisted Multi-Tone Microwave Frequency Measurement Based on Pulse Identification." Photonics 12, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010001.

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We report a photonic-assisted method for measuring the frequencies of a multi-tone microwave with high accuracy based on pulse identification. The unknown microwave signal and a linearly chirped signal are modulated to an optical carrier using a dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator. Carrier-suppressed single-sideband modulation avoids the generation of undesired frequency components after photodetection. An electrical bandpass filter with a narrow bandwidth selects the beat signal between the unknown signal and the linearly chirped optical tone. A pulse, generated by the beat signal, can b
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16

Ruiz-Gonzalez, Antonio, Mario Meco-Gutierrez, Francisco Perez-Hidalgo, Francisco Vargas-Merino, and JuanR Heredia-Larrubia. "PWM strategy with harmonics injection and modulated frequency triangular carrier. A review." Renewable Energy & Power Quality Journal (RE&PQJ) 15 (April 5, 2017): 666–70. https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj15.426.

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A new, programmed pulse-width modulation(PWM) technique to control power inverters, which uses a harmonic-injection modulator and a frequency-modulated triangular carrier, synchronized with the modulating signal is presented in this paper. The instantaneous carrier frequency is adjusted according to a periodic function synchronized with the fundamental term of the modulating signal, in order to maintain the average value of the instantaneous frequency as an odd positive integer multiple of  3, for each period of the modulating signal—which is known as the average modulation ord
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17

Chen, Siyu, Hang Sun, Min Weng, Shijie Wen, Le Li, and Bingqing Liu. "Design and Research of Channel Circuit Based on Broadband Power Line Carrier." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2433, no. 1 (2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2433/1/012017.

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Abstract In order to effectively improve the anti-attenuation, anti-noise and anti-impedance change capabilities of the low-voltage narrowband power line carrier communication unit, reduce the carrier signal coupling attenuation, and highly fidelity signal power encoded and modulated by the carrier chip, an improved high-speed power line carrier communication transceiver circuit is designed. Using 303.13kHz~357.81kHz as sub-carrier signal frequency can effectively avoid the random noise generated by high-power power electronic equipment and household appliances below 35kHz. At the same time, t
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18

Shrivastava, Abhishek. "Design and development of low-range frequency modulated signal (F.M.) transmitter." BIBECHANA 15 (December 19, 2017): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v15i0.18279.

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Frequency Modulated (FM) signal transmitter is a small device that can transmit Frequency Modulated signal over short range. [1] This document consists of most simple and economical technique for building a FM transmitter using basic electronic components like resistor, capacitor, inductor etc. The FM transmitter receives human voice signals though microphone. It further amplifies it, modulate it over carrier and finally transmit it. Assuming favorable conditions, output of transmitter can be received by anyone who tunes it in frequency of our transmitter. Here, I have described Circuit diagra
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19

Feng, Yongxin, Shunchao Fei, Fang Liu, and Bo Qian. "SSCM: An Unambiguous Acquisition Algorithm for CBOC Modulated Signal." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5381789.

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Composite binary offset carrier (CBOC) signal has been widely researched in GNSS. The main ingredient of CBOC signal is BOC(1,1) signal. Usually, the acquisition method for BOC(1,1) signal is used to capture CBOC signal, while the research of special acquisition method for CBOC signal is rare. In this letter, according to the principle and characteristics of CBOC signal, a special side-peak cancellation method (SSCM) is proposed and simulated. In this method, two special auxiliary signals are introduced. And the local reference signals are obtained by multiplying the data channel signal and pi
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20

Luo, Ruidan, Ying Xu, and Hong Yuan. "Performance Evaluation of the New Compound-Carrier-Modulated Signal for Future Navigation Signals." Sensors 16, no. 2 (2016): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16020142.

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21

YANG, TAO, and LEON O. CHUA. "CHAOTIC IMPULSE RADIO: A NOVEL CHAOTIC SECURE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 10, no. 02 (2000): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127400000220.

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A chaotic impulse radio system is an ultrawide-band communication system that uses a train of very narrow baseband impulses as a carrier. In the transmitter of a chaotic impulse radio system, a message signal is modulated by two kinds of pulse carriers. Firstly, a frequency modulation is used to modulate the message signal into a subcarrier that functions as the clock pulses of a chaotic circuit. Driven by the modulated clock pulses, the chaotic circuit outputs a chaotic impulse positioning sequence which generates the positions of the carrier impulses. The specially designed chaotic circuit i
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22

Liu, Zhao Xu, Xiao Gang Chen, and Chao Jiang. "Performance Evaluation of Optical Carrier Suppression Radio over Fiber System through Modulation Index Enhancement." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1190.

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The performance of optical carrier suppression (OCS) radio over fiber (RoF) system is evaluated through tuning the modulation index of Mach-Zehnder modulator, and two different data modulation schemes are considered. The quantitative simulation results validate that there exist an optimum modulation index, and the system performance could be improved if the data signal is modulated on only one of two sidebands.
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23

TIAN, Ke-chun, Li WEI, and Meng DING. "Improved linear fitting algorithm of modulated signal carrier frequency estimation." Journal of Computer Applications 32, no. 2 (2013): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.00374.

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Yao, Zheng, Mingquan Lu, and Zhenming Feng. "Unambiguous sine-phased binary offset carrier modulated signal acquisition technique." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9, no. 2 (2010): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2010.02.091066.

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Yin, Bo, Gang Wang, and Yanjie Qi. "Unambiguous sine-phased binary offset carrier modulated signal tracking technique." Optik 132 (March 2017): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.12.055.

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Sheybani, Ehsan, and Giti Javidi. "Application of Signal Processing in GPS Signal Detection Using USRP." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 9, no. 2 (2017): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2017040103.

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The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) is slowly becoming a very popular piece of hardware used in different universities and research labs across the world. It is inexpensive, which attracts a lot of attention, along with its variety of applications and capabilities. The USRP connects to a host-computer through a high-speed USB or Gigabit Ethernet interface. Another reason for the increasing popularity of the USRP is its ability to respond to multiple programming software such as GNU Radio, Matlab/Simulink, and LabView. There is a broad range of capabilities of the USRP one of which i
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27

Kandasamy, Nehru, Nagarjuna Telagam, Seshagiri Rao V.R, and Arulananth TS. "Simulation of Analog Modulation and Demodulation Techniques in Virtual Instrumentation and Remote Lab." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 10 (2017): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i10.7575.

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<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">An analog method to modulate and demodulate signals is presented in this short paper. This paper discusses modulation techniques with the LabVIEW-based RF communications package, developed for the illustration of different modulation types in undergraduate virtual instrumentation labs. The tool can generate and display the time and frequency domain behaviours of modulated signals with the help of spectral and tone measurements icon. All the modulation parameters can be specified by the user. This signal processing tool in the block diagram is
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28

Sadchenko, A. V., O. A. Kushnirenko, E. K. Koshelev, and V. I. Bondar. "High-speed algorithm for carrier frequency recovery and frame synchronization in QPSK-modulated modems." Технология и конструирование в электронной аппаратуре, no. 1 (2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15222/tkea2018.1.28.

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When demodulating signals in communication systems with QPSK modulation operating in the pulsed mode, the following problems arise: rapid elimination of the reference oscillator phase ambiguity and ensuring reliable frame synchronization for a given noise immunity. In most QPSK modems, the carrier frequency recovery and synchronization recovery tasks are separated and solved with the help of different functional modules, which is not the optimal solution from the point of view of increasing the energy efficiency. In this paper, we propos a fast algorithm for frame synchronization and recovery
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Staderini, Enrico M., Harish Kambampati, Amith K. Ramakrishnaiah, Stefano Mugnaini, Andrea Magrini, and Sandro Gentili. "A New Algorithm for Estimating a Noiseless, Evenly Sampled, Heart Rate Modulating Signal." Bioengineering 10, no. 5 (2023): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050552.

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Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly intended as the variation in the heart rate (HR), and it is evaluated in the time and frequency domains with various well-known methods. In the present paper, the heart rate is considered as a time domain signal, at first as an abstract model in which the HR is the instantaneous frequency of an otherwise periodic signal, such as with an electrocardiogram (ECG). In this model, the ECG is assumed to be a frequency modulated signal, or carrier signal, where HRV or HRV(t) is the time-domain signal which is frequency modulating the carrier ECG signal around
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30

Li, Xue, Zihan Rao, and Linshan Xue. "A Channel Compensation Technique Based on Frequency-Hopping Binary Offset Carrier Modulated Signal." Remote Sensing 15, no. 7 (2023): 1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071849.

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Space-Air-GroundIntegrated Network (SAGIN) has been becoming a promising future network construction to enable the integration of terrestrial communications, aerial networks and satellite systems, for achieving high data rate wireless access and seamless coverage. Focusing on the space-to-air propagation, which is requiring transmitted signal of large Doppler shift resilience in dynamic circumstances, the proposed signal as employing I/Q modulation to accommodate frequency-hopping binary offset carrier (FH-BOC) signal and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, and to exploit
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Liu, Baoju, Shao Qi, Haifeng Hu, et al. "A Novel Frequency Double Vector Millimeter Wave Signal Generation Scheme Based on a Single Polarization Modulator With Precoding." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 9 (2022): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3307.

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In the work, we employed a single polarization modulator to achieve double frequency vector millimeter wave (mm-wave) signal generation scheme with optical carrier suppression (OCS), which just depend on a polarization modulator and two linear polarizers, and electronic circuits is needless to control the drift of modulator bias points and no optical filters is needed to filter out undesirable harmonics. In this scheme, we set up a simulation platform to generate 40 GHz QPSK modulated vector millimeter-wave signals and analyzed the performance. The results showed when the input power for the g
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Mittal, Ashok, and Asok De. "Integrated Balanced BPSK Modulator for Millimeter Wave Systems." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2007 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/69515.

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This paper details the design of integrated balanced PSK modulator using finline coplanar line hybrid junction. The PSK signal output is in suspended stripline with incident wave carrier in finline. Schottky barrier Diode MA4E2037 has been used for modulation. The balanced configuration offers high isolation between the carrier input port and the modulated carrier output port and thus the pulse width variations and amplitude deviations are suppressed. An insertion loss imbalance of±1.5 dB with an average loss of 2 dB in the two switching states has been achieved over 38.9 to 40 GHz. The phase
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Ivanov, Vladimir, Natalya Ryabova, Alexey Elsukov, and Alexey Laschevsky. "OFDM signal with BPSK modulated subcarriers for multi-carrier ionospheric sounding." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 15006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193015006.

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Paper presents the developed algorithm for multi-carrier simultaneous vertical ionospheric sounding by OFDM signal with BPSK modulation of subcarriers. There is presented a mathematical model, numerical and simulation modeling with the use of USRP platform. Research findings proved the fundamental feasibility of using orthogonal subcarriers for simultaneous sounding of channels over a wide band.
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de Barros, L. E. M., A. Paolella, M. Y. Frankel, M. J. Romero, P. R. Herczfeld, and A. Madjar. "Photoresponse of microwave transistors to high-frequency modulated lightwave carrier signal." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 45, no. 8 (1997): 1368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.618438.

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Zhang, Hua, and Jiancun Zuo. "Unambiguous and precise correlation receiver for binary offset carrier modulated signal." International Journal of Communication Systems 33, no. 6 (2019): e4300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.4300.

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Wu, Hua Bing, Jun Liang Liu, Yuan Zhang, and Yong Hui Hu. "An Improved Acquisition Method for High-Order BOC-Modulated Signals Based on Fractal Geometry." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1185.

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This paper proposes an improved acquisition method for high-order binary-offset-carrier (BOC) modulated signals based on fractal geometry. We introduced the principle of our acquisition method, and outlined its framework. We increase the main peak to side peaks ratio in the BOC autocorrelation function (ACF), with a simple fractal geometry transform. The proposed scheme is applicable to both generic high-order sine-and cosine-phased BOC-modulated signals. Simulation results show that the proposed method increases output signal to noise ratio (SNR).
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Jia, Jinwei, Zhuangzhi Han, Yuying Liang, Limin Liu, and Xuetian Wang. "Design of Multi-Parameter Compound Modulated RF Stealth Anti-Sorting Signals Based on Hyperchaotic Interleaving Feedback." Entropy 24, no. 9 (2022): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091283.

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Radio frequency (RF) stealth anti-sorting technology is a research hotspot in the radar field. In this study, the signal design principles of anti-cluster and anti-SDIF sorting were investigated for processes of clustering pre-sorting and sequence-difference-histogram main sorting. Then, in accordance with the signal design principle, a 2D interleaving feedback hyperchaotic system based on the cosine-exponential was designed. A method to modulate the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the signal parameters and carrier frequency with wide intervals through the hyperchaotic system was developed.
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Ujang, Febrizal. "Eliminating Dispersion Power Fading in Radio over Fiber Communication through Unbalanced Sideband Modulation." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 13, no. 6 (2024): 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.13.6.456-466.

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In Radio Over Fiber (RoF) systems, a commonly used approach to reduce the Dispersion Power Fading (DPF) effects is to convert the spectrum of modulated optical signals into Optical Single Sideband (OSSB). This process can be done by modulating the optical carrier using two RF signals that differ in phase by 90. The optical modulator used is the Dual-Drive Mach Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM). However, implementing this modulation scheme requires a complex transmitter setup. In this study, a novel technique is proposed to address DPF, called as Unbalanced Sideband Modulation (USM). USM is generated
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Jiang, Chao, Xiao Gang Chen, and Zhao Xu Liu. "Effect of Modulation Index of Mach-Zehnder Modulator on Single Sideband Radio over Fiber System." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2350.

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The effect of the modulation index of Mach-Zehnder modulator on single sideband (SSB) radio over fiber (RoF) system is investigated, and two different data modulation schemes are considered. The quantitative results suggest that there exist an optimum modulation index, and the system performance could be improved if the data signal is modulated on only optical carrier or sideband.
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Poplawski, Mateusz, François Silva, Jean-Charles Vanel, and Pere Roca i Cabarrocas. "In situ minority carrier lifetime via fast modulated photoluminescence." EPJ Photovoltaics 14 (2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2023010.

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Modulated photoluminescence (MPL) is a powerful technique for determining the effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) of semiconductor materials and devices. MPL is based on the measurement of phase shifts between two sinusoidal waves (minimal amplitude excitation; and PL signal). In particular, in situ τeff has been proven to be an effective measurement at showing changes within a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor during fabrication of c-Si solar cells. However, the required time for a single measurement, using the previous method, was 40 s. In this paper a new input signal
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Qu, Fengzhong, Zhengchao Li, Minhao Zhang, Xingbin Tu, and Yan Wei. "A Carrier-Based Gardner Timing Synchronization Algorithm for BPSK Signal in Maritime Communication." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040829.

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Wireless communication at sea is an essential way to establish a smart ocean. In the communication system, however, signals are affected by the carrier frequency offset (CFO), which results from the Doppler effect and crystal frequency offset. The offset deteriorates the demodulation performance of the communication system. The conventional Gardner bit-synchronization algorithm performs timing synchronization on the baseband, but it fails to solve the problem of carrier frequency offset. In this paper, a carrier-based timing-synchronization Gardner algorithm was proposed. The algorithm perform
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42

S., Abdul Rahman, and Teshome Gebrie. "Maximum voltage sag compensation using direct converter by modulating the carrier signal." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (2020): 3936–41. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3936-3941.

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The aim of this paper is to achieve maximum voltage sag compensation of 52% using direct converter based DVR. The DVR topology has only two switches. The DVR is designed to compensate the voltage sag in a phase by taking power from the same phase. A direct converter is connected between the series transformer and the line in which sag compensation is to be achieved. If the actual amplitude of the error signal is used and the amplitude of carrier signal is kept at 1 unit, it is possible to achieve only 22% of sag compensation. If the amplitude of the carrier signal is modulated according to the
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43

Bacon, Sid P., and Jane M. Opie. "Modulation Detection Interference in Listeners With Normal and Impaired Hearing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 2 (2002): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/031).

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Listeners were asked to detect amplitude modulation (AM) of a target (or signal) carrier that was presented in isolation or in the presence of an additional (masker) carrier. The signal was modulated at a rate of 10 Hz, and the masker was unmodulated or was modulated at a rate of 2, 10, or 40 Hz. Nine listeners had normal hearing, 4 had a bilateral hearing loss, and 4 had a unilateral hearing loss; those with a unilateral loss were tested in both ears. The listeners with a hearing loss had normal hearing at 1 kHz and a 30- to 40-dB loss at 4 kHz. The carrier frequencies were 984 and 3952 Hz. I
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DAM, B., K. BANERJEE, K. MAJUMDAR, R. BANERJEE, and D. PATRANABIS. "A ZERO PHASE-LAG HOMODYNE DEMODULATION TECHNIQUE FOR SYNCHRONOUS MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS AND ITS FPGA IMPLEMENTATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, no. 04 (2005): 771–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002593.

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A simple homodyne direct digital demodulation technique that is insensitive to sensor induced phase-error and its innovative FPGA implementation are presented here. This novel demodulation scheme does not need a low pass filter; thereby the inherent filter time lag is eliminated. A direct digital read-out of the demodulated signal, i.e., the measurand value, is obtained through analog-to-digital conversion of the modulated signal at an instant that coincides with its peak. This peak sampling eliminates the processor time required in quadrature demodulators to obtain the measurand from the in-p
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45

Weisenberger, Janet M., and Ann F. Russell. "Comparison of Two Single-Channel Vibrotactile Aids for the Hearing-Impaired." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 1 (1989): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3201.83.

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Two commercially available single-channel vibrotactile aids, designed to transmit information about acoustic stimuli to persons who cannot perceive such stimuli through conventional amplification, were compared in a number of tasks with the same subjects. Both devices employed a vibratory transducer worn on the wrist. One device represented characteristics of the envelope of the waveform by using it to modulate the amplitude of a 250-Hz carrier vibration (an amplitude-modulated, or AM, signal). The other device presented and amplitude-modulated a broad-band signal whose spectral characteristic
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Chen, Hanyu, Shenyang Li, Dun Wang, et al. "Research on carrier frequency tracking and message demodulation techniques for GNSS signals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2991, no. 1 (2025): 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2991/1/012013.

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Abstract Carrier frequency tracking is suitable for application scenarios where global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are weak and exhibit large dynamic changes. However, when using a frequency-locked loop (FLL) to track the carrier of a GNSS signal, it is difficult to apply the conventional coherent demodulation method of binary phase-shift keying-modulated messages because the carrier phase is not locked, which necessitates the use of differential demodulation. This study aims to explore the impact of different FLL combination designs on the performance of differential demodulati
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Karl Strecker, Sabit Ekin, and John O'Hara. "M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation order optimization for terahertz wireless communications over dispersive channels." ITU Journal on Future and Evolving Technologies 2, no. 7 (2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52953/gqxz9838.

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Highly accurate atmospheric models, based on molecular resonance information contained within the HITRAN database, were used to simulate the propagation of high capacity single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulated signals through the atmosphere for various modulation orders. For high-bandwidth signals such as those considered in this work, group velocity dispersion caused by atmospheric gases distorts the modulated waveform, which may produce bit errors. This leads to stricter Signal-To-Noise Ratio requirements for error-free operation, and this effect is more pronounced in high-order modula
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Deng, Zhong Liang, Lei Yang, Lu Yin, and Yue Xi. "A BOC Signal Synchronization Algorithm Based on TK Operator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 319 (May 2013): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.319.302.

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The binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation method is generally utilized for the traditional navigation satellite systems; however, the new generation of GNSS, such as modernized GPS, European Galileo, Chinese Compass, etc., will apply binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation technique, which can efficiently split the spectrums of navigation signals using the same frequency so as to reduce the interferences among different systems. But the autocorrelation function of BOC modulated signals has the drawback of multimodality, so it’s very hard to synchronize to the right peak when acquiring and
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Chen, Xu, Xinqiao Chen, Siyuan Dai, Bin Li, and Ling Wang. "A Novel Inserting Pilot Radio over Fiber System without the Bit Walk-Off Effect for the Generation and Distribution of Frequency 16-Tupling Millimeter Waves by Mach–Zehnder Modulators." Photonics 11, no. 5 (2024): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11050410.

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A novel inserting pilot scheme to generate and distribute a frequency 16-tupling millimeter wave (MMW) radio over fiber (ROF) system without the bit walk-off effect via Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) is proposed. The operation principle is analyzed and the feasibility of our proposed scheme is verified by simulation test. The main part of our scheme is a ±8th-order sidebands generator (SG), which is constructed by four MZMs connected in parallel. In the back-to-back (BTB) transmission case, by properly adjusting the voltage and initial phase of the radio frequency (RF) drive signals of the MZM
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Vikas, Agrawal, Basak Koushik, and Kumar Bahl Rajesh. "Analytical research on optical phase shift modulation scheme with maximum modulation efficiency for analog and digital signals." i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems 11, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcs.11.2.19048.

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This paper presents the analytical research and characterization of optical Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) for single-tone sinusoidal and digital signals. The mathematical analysis and simulation for optimal modulation depth are proposed in this paper for maximum efficiency of the output modulated signal. The modulation depth is analysed with suitable Radio Frequency (RF) drive voltage for message signal and the effect of modulation depth on carrier suppression and higher order harmonics over fundamental tone is analysed theoretically and with simulation. To achieve phase modulation in this
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