Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modulateur optique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Modulateur optique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Prades, Jérémie. "Conception d’un modulateur électro-optique Mach Zehnder 100 Gbits/s NRZ sur silicium." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0205/document.
Full textThe sustained development of software applications including mass storage, intensive computing and broadband communication, motivates the emergence of novel communication technologies. On one hand, communications through metallic interconnections approach their inherent limitations in term of energy, area and cost per bit. On the other hand, conventional hybrid photonics, based on discrete 2D/3D photonic assemblies of III-V photonic devices, cannot be integrated. The rising silicon photonic technology, thanks to its high level of integration, overcomes the shortcomings of the two previous approaches and promises a low cost solution allowing close proximity integration of photonics with electronics.The design of a very high data rate electro-optic modulator on silicon is reported in this thesis manuscript. In a first section, the state of the art of optic systems is presented with a focus on the main technological challenges limiting performances. Then, a silicon based topology is introduced to achieve a 100 Gbs Mach Zehnder modulator. It was implemented with the STMicroelectronics PIC25G technology. The driver of this modulator was designed with the 55 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology of the same founder. The demonstrator introduced in this work offer a 100 Gbs data rate with an NRZ modulation on a single optical channel. For this configuration, this prototype provides a data rate beyond the state of the art (for a single optical transmission path) with an energy per bit of 80 pJ/bit
Lizoret, Christian. "Modulation électro-optique hyperfréquence pour laser CO2 : modulateur intracavité et optique intégrée." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10154.
Full textSinquin, Jean-Christophe. "Analyse de surface d'onde infrarouge par modulateur acousto-optique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618580c.
Full textRasigade, Gilles. "Modulateur optique haute-fréquence sur subtrat silicium-sur-isolant." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112158.
Full textThe silicon photonics has emerged as the key area of research for optical telecommunication with the objective of developing an integrated transceiver fully-compatible with the available CMOS technology. In this context, the work of my thesis is focused on the structure of the optical modulator, integrated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and for applications working at the bitrates of 10 and 40 Gbit/s. Its active structure is based on the carrier depletion obtained in a reverse biased junction and leads to an intensity modulation at the output of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The optimization of the structure produced an optical modulator design which exhibits a VpLp product of 1,7 V. Cm. Insertion loss as low as 3dB and a -3 dB cut off frequency of 35 GHz. The light and RF copropagation has been studied as well and has validated the operation of the component at the bitrate of 40 Gbit/s. A CMOS technological process has been established and chips have been fabricated at CEA/LETI then characterized at IEF. Finally, this work has led to the design of a silicon optical modulator with characteristics compatible with 40 Gbit/s applications, as well as general result for the optimization of this component. Its integration with laser sources and photo detectors will lead is the future to the emergence of silicon photonics for integrating optical telecommunication
Abraham, Alexis. "Développement de modulateurs optiques sur silicium à faible consommation énergétique pour les prochaines générations d'interconnexions optiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS338/document.
Full textWith the outstanding development of the internet, it is expected that global network traffic will grow exponentially, as well as the concern about the need for high-speed links and interconnections. To address these issues, it is then essential to propose performant systems that will support high speed transmission with low power consumption. Silicon photonics is a promising solution and integrate complex optical functions in a silicon chip, by using standard fabrication process used in microelectronic. In this context, the subject of my PhD is focused on the optical modulator which should support high speed transmission, have low optical losses, and have low power consumption. To obtain these constraints, several parameters need to be optimized while taking account fabrication constraints in order to find the best compromise between the different figures of merit. During this PhD, the improvement of the performances of the component was made by three different ways. The first optimization is related to the simulations for the current technology of modulators based on PN junctions. By integrating the fabrication process in the optimization process, more reliable numerical results are obtain. The key point of this study is the comparison of experimental characterizations and numerical simulations of two architectures of modulator. A substantial part of the PhD was also focused on the development of new modulators based on vertical capacitive junctions. The use of dedicated numerical tools reveals several key aspects of these components, and allow us to optimize two different architectures in order to obtain high efficient modulator. A new fabrication process has been established, and several information were extracted from the first run of fabrication. Then, a comparative study between most of modulators reviewed during this PhD was performed. The results allow us to determine which configuration has the best performances depending of the targeted application. In addition, a compact model was generated to optimize the component in a reduced simulation time
Poffo, Luiz. "Intéraction acousto-optique en optique intégrée sur verre et applications." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10238.
Full textThe ions exchange technology developed and controlled at IMEP some years ago, has allowed the realisation of a lot of optical functions for telecommunications, for astrophysics and for physical, chemical and biological quantities measurements. Today research is oriented to doped glass and hybridisation for active components realisation. Adding non linear functions gives new prospects to this technology. An example of non-linearity is a mechanical constraint applied on a waveguide. This constraint will change the refraction index of the guide. An acoustic wave which propagates inside or over the glass will change locally its refraction index. This thesis is dedicated to acousto-optics interaction on glass. Two types of acoustic waves are studied, bulk waves and surface waves. The result of this research enabled us to simplify an displacement sensor developed before within the laboratory and to design a new polarisation analyser integrated on glass. The prospects of this work are to introduce the acousto-optics effect in glass integrated optics, to exploit it and to improve it for the realisation of new optical functions
Gemayel, Pierre. "Optique adaptative par modulateur spatial de lumière en microscopie et holographie." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9294/document.
Full textSince the 50s, recovering the phase information of a diffracted beam has a major interest in several fields such as microscopy, astronomy and many others. Generally, the solutions fall into two broad categories: interferometric methods and iterative methods based on beam propagation. The advantage of the latter is that they are less sensitive to noise, and their experimental implementation is simpler. Also, the progress in computer technologies as well in digital imaging devices makes the application of this approach easier and more interesting. However, even if the effectiveness of these methods has been demonstrated in several fields, their use remained limited because of certain requirements on the experimental conditions and the non-convergence of their algorithm to a single solution in many cases. This is even more true for the so-called "complex objects", having an amplitude and a phase, which can greatly reduce their field of application. To overcome the convergence problems and improve the robustness of these methods, many experimental strategies have been employed. They are all based on the same principle, which consists of introducing new well-known constraints in the object plane. This increases the number of acquired spectrum, and therefore diversifies the sources of information about the starting object, which will help the iterative algorithm to converge more quickly towards the final solution. As examples of such experimental strategies, one can record several spectra from different areas of the object, or modulate the wavelength of the incident beam, or also acquire the spectrums across two or more parallel planes connected through Fresnel or Fourier transform.In this context, the present work aims to experimentally demonstrate a technique known as SSPR (Spread Spectrum Phase Retrieval), proposed in 2007 by Zhang, while modifying it in order to make it more flexible. The idea is to introduce, using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator M strong phase modulation into the object field, then record in the Fourier plane the M corresponding spectrums. These M acquisitions will then be used in an iterative algorithm what will allow us to recover the object wavefront by simulating the propagation of the light between spatial and frequency spaces. The first part of this thesis includes a complete study on spatial light modulators; in order to select which one will be best suited for our application. Once liquid crystal spatial light modulators are selected, we present their technical characteristics, as well as the calibration tests needed to ensure their linear and optimal functioning. Then we show several possible applications with this type of component, in various scientific fields, like holography, microscopy, adaptive optics and interferometric methods to reconstruct the phase of a beam.In the second part, we focus our work around the SSPR iterative method. We will show how to make the application of this method simpler by using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, and by working in Fourier plane instead of Fresnel plane. However, after applying SSPR we have noticed that the quality of experimental results is very inferior to the quality of simulation results. Therefore, a detailed study of the noise sources is conducted. Each of these noise sources adds its own contribution, yet modulator cross-talk remains the factor that deteriorates the most the quality of reconstruction. In fact liquid crystal spatial light modulators are known to have a strong cross-talk between their pixels commonly recognized as fringing field effect. As the pixels are micrometric, each addressed one affects its neighbors, and thus, the phase retardation obtained from a pixel will not be uniform over its entire surface. This will result in a blurring effect of the desired sharp edge between the pixels; therefore, the real displayed phase map will be very different from the addressed one. [...]
Maine, Sylvain. "Conception d'un modulateur optique ultra-rapide dans la filière silicium." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112235.
Full textOn-chip optical interconnects are an alternative to solve the limitations of metallic interconnects in the next generations of CMOS integrated circuits. The goal of this work is to realize fast optical modulators integrated in Silicon On Insulator waveguides. The studied structure is based on a stack of silicon-germanium and silicon layers included in a PIN diode. The application of a reverse polarisation on the diode depletes the holes initially confined in SiGe wells and creates a variation of the effective index of the guided mode. The optimization of the structure, using coupled electronic and optical simulations, leads to the establishment of a compromise between important effective index variations, low optical losses (=3,3 dB/mm) and high working frequencies (>10GHz). Three interferometers are studied to transform the effective index variation into intensity modulation: Mach-Zehnder interferometers, Fabry-Perot cavities and ring resonators. Theoretical studies of t hese interferometers are validated by experimental measurements. All these studies lead to the definition of the technological steps necessary to fabricate efficient integrated modulators. This work is a step toward the realization of a complete optical link integrated with CMOS electronics
Sainte-Rose, Frédéric. "Modulateur acousto-optique à puits quantiques : étude théorique et expérimentale." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f54ffb6f-490e-4edc-9dc7-ec92d0f5ce84.
Full textWe present a new asymmetric Fabry-Perot acousto-opto-electronic multi-quantum-well modulator structure for optical telecommunications. We elaborated a complete numerical method to analyse the optical reflection coefficient variations produced by various surface acoustic wave powers. We took into account excitonic effect, quantum confined stark effect, strain effect, and the electrical field induced by this SAW. We determined the strain field, as well as the electrical field accompanying the wave using Laguerre polynomial method. Electronic states were calculated by the finite elements method taking account electronic parameter modifications induced by deformations. The complex refractive index was determined from wave functions and energy levels. The overall optical reflection coefficient of the multi-layered modulator is given. The experimental study by photoreflectance shows the validity of our model and the feasibility of such structures
Bahlak, Samia. "Contribution à l'étude d'un modulateur acousto-optique à puits quantiques." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a93e0d34-1079-4e51-b081-345993233dd1.
Full textRemiens, Denis. "Etude et réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique sur arseniure de gallium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376007020.
Full textRemiens, Denis. "Etude et réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique sur arséniure de gallium." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10129.
Full textPerségol, Dominique. "Réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique utilisant l'excitation résonnante des modes guidés." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0022.
Full textMollier, Pascal. "Optique integree : echange protonique dans linbo#3 applique a la realisation d'un modulateur electro-optique de coherence." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA2005.
Full textSanchez, Perez Célia. "Dispositifs optiques intègrés hybrides, verre / polymère électro-optique : applicationà un polariseur et à un modulateur de phase." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0159.
Full textGendre, Luc. "Conception et réalisation d'un polarimètre de Stokes haute cadence à division temporelle utilisant un unique modulateur à cristaux liquides ferroélectriques pour moduler la polarisation." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713656.
Full textFaderl, Ingo. "Étude et réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique utilisant des polymères non linéaires dans un circuit optique intégré sur silicium." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0102.
Full textLarchanché, Jean-François. "Etudes pour la réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique à ondes progressives sur polymères." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-69.pdf.
Full textSocié, Ludovic. "Interaction acousto-optique dans les matériaux périodiquement structurés." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2014/document.
Full textThis thesis intended to propose a new kind of integrated acousto-optical modulator exploiting guided elasticwaves on the surface of a lithium niobate substrate. This piezoelectric material makes it possible to integrate opticalwaveguides as well as efficient elastic waves transducers. Classically, the acousto-optical modulation remainslimited by the partial overlap of the two kind of waves. I have sought to develop a new kind of surface elasticwaveguide exploiting the thickness resonances of thick electrodes allowing a better exploitation of electric energyto elastic energy conversion in integrated devices.First, I have developed a way to confine the acoustic energy at the surface to use it more efficiently. I turnedtowards the realization of interdigitated transducers for surface acoustic waves allowing to confine the generatedenergy in the high aspect ratio electrodes. The characterization of such devices allowed to demonstrate a strongconfinement of the mechanical energy at the surface of the material. These acoustic devices allowed for diffractionlessguiding of the acoustic energy in the three dimensions of space over a transverse width as small as thewavelength.The second part of this thesis was dedicated to the realization of acousto-optical modulators using the previoustransducers. These modulators are based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including one arm subjectd to theacousto-optical intercation. Due to a slight asymmetry of the interferometer arms, the spectrale transmission with awhite light source gives a channeled spectrum. Experiments have shown an optical wave modulation at resonancesfrequencies of the high aspect ratio transducers. We have observed, at zero frequency, a strong wavelength shift ofchanneled spectrum of about 20 nm. This shift remains unexplained
Lùcio, de Sales Damas Pedro Alberto. "Effet Pockels dans les guides d'onde en silicium contraint : Vers la modulation optique à haute vitesse et faible consommation d'énergie dans le silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS178/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of second order nonlinearities in silicon towards low power, high speed modulation. Being a centro-symmetric crystal, silicon does not possess a second order nonlinear susceptibility (X2), which inhibits Pockels effect, a linear electro-optic effect commonly used in the modulation of light in high speed communications. A possible solution to overcome this limitation is by straining/deforming the crystal lattice, which locally breaks the centro-symmetry of the crystal and generates X2.In this thesis, we approach the problem of generating X2 in silicon through the use of strain, covering all the research stages: we depart from newly developed theoretical grounds, simulate together the strain, optical and electrical effects together, describe the fabrication of the devices and present the experimental characterization.In our research work, we were able to detect very particular effects which are attributed to Pockels effect, such as a clear dependence of the crystal orientation on the modulation efficiency and high speed modulation, at frequencies higher than those expected from other contributions. This results are very promising and consist on a step further towards the possible implementation of high speed, low power modulation in silicon devices in the near future
Douix, Maurin. "Etude de l'intégration d'un composant capacitif pour la modulation haut débit et basse consommation dans une plateforme photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS127/document.
Full textGlobal datacenter data exchange is exponentially growing and silicon photonics is the key answer, thanks to high production volume, at low cost and high yield. Today, energy consumption is a new challenge highlighted by network densification. Capacitive modulators address a specific reduction of the power dedicated to the photonic circuit emitter for light intensity modulation. Design and integration of capacitive modulators are carried out during this thesis. It consists of inserting a dielectric insulator within the optical waveguide center, in order to shape a capacitance with a silicon/ oxide/poly-silicon stack in accumulation regime. A first device is made up of an horizontal insulator stacked between the semiconductors. A second device type comprises a vertical insulator in the center of a slot rib waveguide. The first fabrication release demonstrates device feasibility within STMicroelectronics industrial platform. Characterization results of the first device type from C2N, CEA-LETI and STMicroelectronics evaluate the trade-offs between efficiency - featured by capacitive modulators - insertion losses and bandwidth. 3 dB/mm insertion losses are measured, including 0.5 dB/mm poly-silicon absorption only. 2 dB extinction ratio through 700 µm is evaluated on a 10 Gb/s eye diagram, thanks to a VpLp =5.5 V.mm at 15 nm oxide thickness (1.2 pF/mm). Capacitive modulator power consumption is eventually optimized for 1 pJ/bit at 0.9 Vpp
Cordat, Arnaud. "Conception et réalisation d'une structure de multipuits quantiques SiGe/Si pour la modulation optique." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112099.
Full textThis work deals with the study of a silicon based optoelectronic modulator operating at the wavelength of 1,3 microns and built by the use of microelectronic technology processes. An original doping modulated SiGe/Si multiquantum well structure is grown on a "silicon on insulator" substrate. The structure is embedded in a pin junction, so as to control the quantum well hole density by a reverse bias. Optic modulation is achieved by the mean of the refractive index variation versus hole density. As the junction is reverse biased, the device is essentially capacitive, which is part of its originality. First, a multifactor simulation analysis tool was written to study the design of the structure. Then the technological stages have been validated by first run devices. The structure was grown locally by chemical vapour deposition. The germanium and doping profiles are recorded by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The capacity-voltage measurements performed on the reverse biased junction enables to check the hole depletion process and to evaluate the multiquantum well periodicity. Optic modulation is evidence by measuring the optic transmission variation of the multilayer structure versus the applied bias. This work constitutes the first stage of the realization of optoelectronic modulators based on SiGe/Si multiquantum well structure
El, Gibari Mohammed. "Conception optique et hyperfréquence d'un modulateur électro-optique sur polymère : optimisation de transitions ultra-large bande pour l'électrode de commande." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00751910.
Full textAbelard, Clément. "Micro modulateur spatial de lumière transmissif pour modulation de phase et d’amplitude." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT092/document.
Full textLETI possesses an expertise allowing to realize Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) made in microelectronic technology on silicon, having very high resolutions and very small pixel steps. LETI wishes to use a specific LCD technology (IPS technology), on the one hand the electro-optical performances in the field of micro-display had to be investigated but on the other hand allows to keep costs down and reduce the number of manufacturing steps. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate on the basis of simulations and technical achievements, the performance of a micro-SLM IPS used in phase modulation and amplitude.Our investigations have been carried out on four major areas of study. The first axis is the search and testing of a specific software (LCDMaster) to simulate liquid crystal cells and floating electrodes. The second axis according to different designs of pixel and the different liquid crystal alignment modes (Homogeneous, vertical and twisted) with an IPS type control, to investigate the performances in modulation phase. The best results were obtained for a vertical alignment providing a phase shift of 2π. In addition, the performance of an adaptive optics device integrating the studied SLM has been investigated. The third axis of study focused on the performance investigation of a liquid crystal SLM with an IPS-type control using a homogeneous alignment in amplitude modulation (static and dynamic study). This study also makes it possible to study the possibilities of reducing the response time of the cell. It resulted in two SLM designs. The first design with two levels of electrodes separated by an insulator to reproduce a Faraday type effect. The second has drastically reduced the response time. The fourth area of research consists in testing prototypes based on these two designs to validate the performances obtained in simulation. Concordant results have been obtained and new types of IPS-controlled SLMs with state-of-the-art refreshing times have thus been designated and characterized
El, Mansouri Ibrahim. "Sources impulsionnelles picosecondes tout optique à très haut débit : applications aux télécommunications optiques." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS064/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the work carried out on the realization of fibered 40-GHz picosecond optical pulse sources in the telecommunications C-band. In the first part, we present a numerical and experimental study of the generation of 40-GHz pulse trains thanks to the nonlinear compression of an initial beat-signal by multiple Four-Wave Mixing process. Enhanced temporal stability is achieved by generating the sinusoidal beating thanks to a Mach-Zehnder modulator driven at its zero-transmission working point. In order to improve the quality of the generated pulses, we also demonstrate the suppression of stimulated Brillouin back-scattering by inserting several optical isolators into the compression line. In the next part, we present the generation of low duty-cycle pulse trains by using a nonlinear compressor line based on 4 segments of fiber. The generated pulse trains have been encoded and then multiplexed to achieve a high bit rate signal (160 Gb/s). In the last part, we present the technology transfer steps of this optical source, such as creating a prototype of the source, prior art search and market research
Vu, Thi Nhung. "Composants optoélectroniques à faible consommation en III-V sur silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS172/document.
Full textSilicon photonics is considered as a promising solution to replace electrical interconnections in the next years. Among the remaining challenges, the driving power of the active devices has to be minimized. Furthermore the use of a common technological platform for the realization of Silicon (Si) photonics passive and active devices would present a great interest in term of fabrication complexity and cost. III-V on Si is a good candidate for such a common technological platform as the physical properties of III-V semiconductors allow for active functionalities such as III-V on Si laser which have already been successfully demonstrated. In this perspective, 2D photonic crystals (PhCs) and slow light structures, which are known to intrinsically reinforce light/matter interactioncan alsobring interesting opportunities.In this context, the work is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of slow-light III-V- on-silicon electroabsorption modulators. In a first part, the photonic crystal structure and light coupling from silicon waveguide to slowlight III-V waveguide are designed and modeled. The performance of the optimized structure is analyzed, showing a modulator operating at 15 GHz and exhibiting an extinction ratio of more than 5 dB over a spectral range of more than 10 nm, using a 18.75 µ;m-long modulator. Subsequently, the masks and fabrication steps for a hybrid III-V photonic crystalon Si modulators are presented. Finally, the experimental results obtained during this thesis are presented, showing Quantum Confined Stark Effect and photodetection in the waveguide integrated structures.The reported works open perspective towards the integrating of optical modulators with III-V on silicon nanolasers and photodetectors using a single technology
Merzouk, Khalil. "ÉTUDE D'UN SYSTÈME BAS COÛT DE TRANSMISSION OPTIQUE PAR MULTIPLEXAGE TEMPOREL." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348066.
Full textPeloux, Marius. "Nouveaux composants optiques pixellisés pour la correction visuelle : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112202/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates microstructured and more particularly pixelated ophthalmic glasses, the latter raising some hope for the active correction of presbyopia. A theoretical study is developed for the analysis of the optical performances of a pixelated lens in terms of image transport and leads to the identification of the parameters which have an impact on these performances. After experimental validation of the results obtained, we note and then explain the effect on the observation of a scene of eye displacement with respect to the optical function of the eyeglass. We study the effect of phase wrapping, which is inherent in the limits of the technologies implied in the manufacturing process and adds an axial chromatism effect to the visual defects generated by pixelation. We are also interested in the potential applications of pixelation in the field of passive optics. We prove that for a given application, non pixelated binary lenses, the optical quality of which we optimize, lead to better results than pixelated lenses. The impact on visual acuity of the parasitic diffractive phenomena induced by pixelation is evaluated with an optical bench using the simulation of test images seen through pixelated lenses. Finally, we study the aesthetic aspect of a pixelated component as seen by an external observer, using hybrid calculation models based on both geometrical and Fourier optics
Kabalan, Ali. "Etude de systèmes radio sur fibre pour des applications de réseaux domestiques en bande millimétrique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1013/document.
Full textThe growth continually demand of higher data rates in recent decades, supported by the deployment of optical networks allowing a flow of the order of several Gbit/s naturally leads to application development interest on 60 GHz local networks. Standards such as IEEE IEEE 802.15.3c and 802.11ad for millimeter-band wireless transmission have been proposed. At such frequencies, the free space loss is very high and the radio waves do not penetrate walls. The radio over fiber links (RoF), used as optical link from one room to another and enable the distribution of high-speed signals throughout the home or throughout the building, overcoming the failure for low distance free space propagation. Access, by modeling the electrical equivalent of each component of the system considered circuits, simulation of the RoF systems enables optimization of the system in terms of transmission quality. Thus, the optical and electrical characteristics of components of RoF systems are studied and analyzed together which offers the possibility of designing integrated photonic-RF circuits. This thesis concerns the study and simulation of RoF links using electrical equivalent circuits of photonic components. This study is intended for wireless applications at 60 GHz of bandwidth for a high transmission rate. The modulation technique of direct or external intensity and direct detection is preferred at an intermediate frequency in order to ensure simplicity and low cost of the system. The radio signal is then transposed onto a carrier in the band 60 GHz. First, to validate the models developed electrical equivalent circuit, the measured characteristics of optoelectronic components are compared with simulation results. Then, the characterization study is conducted to the scale by analysis of analog parameters such as gain, noise and non-linearity. The dynamics of different RoF links can thus be determined. Transmitting OFDM complex digital signal is finally achieved by a method of digital / analog co-simulation. The transmission quality has been studied by evaluation of the magnitude of the error vector (EVM) constellations digital signals. The study is conducted and validated as a first step in accordance with the ECMA-368 standard dedicated to the centimetric band and then spread to the millimeter band from IEEE 802.15.3c standard. Finally, the channel effect in free space at 60 GHz is considered to analyze the transmission end to end
VOIRIOT, VINCENT. "Conception, realisation et caracterisation d'un modulateur optique en reflexion sur silicium a 1,3 et 1,5 micro-metres." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077149.
Full textLe, Tacon Sylvain. "Mise en œuvre et étude des techniques d'intégration de matériaux organiques en vue de la réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207610.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail était de caractériser les propriétés optiques du polymère PGMA-DR1 (PIII), ainsi que d'étudier sa mise en forme et son intégration dans une structure guidante en vue de la réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique.
La caractérisation de l'orientation des chromophores du PIII par génération de seconde harmonique a mis en évidence la capacité du matériau, après réticulation, à conserver ses propriétés sur une durée de plus d'un an. La structuration du polymère d'étude sous la forme d'un guide d'onde canal monomode, par un procédé de photolithographie et de gravure ionique réactive, nous a permis d'étudier ses propriétés de guidage, conduisant à des atténuations linéiques comprises entre 10 dB/cm et 3 dB/cm à 1,55 µm. De plus, des techniques alternatives de structuration du polymère par impression ont été étudiées. Les procédés d'emboutissage à chaud et de réplique par moulage permettent de simplifier la technologie de réalisation des guides. Finalement, la possibilité de réaliser in-situ l'étape d'orientation des chromophores, par procédé de poling en géométrie plan-plan, lors de la mise en forme du matériau a été démontrée.
Rivière, Luc. "Influence des paramètres de fabrication d'un coupleur directif électrooptique en LiNbO₃ : Ti sur ses facteurs de mérite." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112005.
Full textThis thesis studies the influence of the fabrication parameters pf a Ti: LiNbO₃ electro-optic directional coupler on its figures of merits. A theoretical model has been developed and its predictions applied to the design of high-speed modulators for 1. 5 μm fiber-optic communication system. The optical properties of the guiding structure (mode size, coupling length) as a function of diffusion conditions are presented in normalized form. The results are then used to determine the fabrication parameters so as to minimize total insertion loss of a fiber pigtailed device. The electrode geometry is dictated by band with considerations ant the variation of the associated switching voltage is calculated as a function of diffusion parameters. Experimental results have been found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Suggestions to improve the figures of merit are put forward
Dupuis, Nicolas. "Intégration par épitaxie sélective d'un Modulateur Electro-Absorbant et d'un Amplificateur Optique à base de puits quantiques AlGaInAs." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354831.
Full textL'épitaxie sélective en phase vapeur est utilisée afin d'intégrer monolithiquement le modulateur et l'amplificateur. La technique permet une variation spatiale et locale des épaisseurs des couches épitaxiéees au voisinage d'un masque diélectrique sélectif. Le
matériau définissant la zone active consiste en un empilement de puits quantiques à base de matériaux AlGaInAs. Les épaisseurs et les compositions définissant l'empilement sont déterminées afin d'obtenir l'insensibilité à la polarisation et d'appliquer un décalage
spectral entre le modulateur et l'amplificateur. Ce dernier point optimise le gain d'insertion du composant intégré puisque la position spectrale du pic de gain est décalée dans la zone de modulation. L'analyse et l'interprétation des spectres en réflexion du modulateur amplifié démontrent l'intérêt de ce décalage spectral. Le comportement dynamique à haut débit montre des pénalités négligeables sur la puissance reçue en fonction de la longueur d'onde et de la température. Les résultats obtenus illustrent l'intérêt du composant pour les réseaux d'accès passifs mais aussi pour d'autres applications à plus haut débit.
Le, Tacon Sylvain. "Mise en oeuvre et étude des techniques d'intégration de matériaux organiques en vue de la réalisation d'un modulateur électro-optique." Nantes, 2007. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5d550aad-a668-4566-96a6-944c0f9a2fbb.
Full textThe need of opto-hyperfrequency hybrid devices for signal modulation in optical fiber and free space telecommunication networks has induced the development of non linear optical organic materials, which are rather promising in terms of performance, however, are limited in stability of its properties and thus in life time. Objective of the present work was the characterization of the optical properties of the polymer PGMA-DR1 (PIII), as well as the study of material shaping and integration into a wave guiding structure in order to realize an electro-optic modulator. Characterization of the chromophores’ orientation in the PIII by second harmonic generation after cross-linking has shown the materials capacity to preserve its properties for at least one year. Shaping of the polymer into a linear monomode wave guide by conventional photolithography and reactive ion beam etching techniques, allowed to study the light guiding properties and resulted in an attenuation between 3 dB/cm and 10 dB/cm at 1,55 µm wavelength. Alternative polymer shaping techniques, using soft lithography, were employed. Hot embossing and replica molding allow simplifying the realization technology. Finally, the possibility to realize in situ orientation of the chromophores during shaping of the material by poling in a parallel plate condenser geometry has been shown
Petit, Ferrufino Juan Mauricio. "Dual Electroabsorption Modulated Laser: étude et caractérisation d'une nouvelle source optique laser-modulateur intégrés pour les transmissions numériques haut-débit et les applications Radio-sur-Fibre." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00579997.
Full textRadouani, Rachid. "Dérive dans les modulateurs électro-optiques Mach-Zehnder : analyse physique et résolution." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Radouani.Rachid.SMZ0622.pdf.
Full textThe modulators currently developed for high speed optical telecommunications generally suffer, in their DC part, from a drift phenomenon, whose causes are not completely understood. In order to find the origins of this drift we started by characterizing a commercial Mach-Zehnder modulator. This enabled us to identify the existence of three phenomena : a first phenomenon with a fast response time related to the silica layer, a second one related to the anisotropy of the substrate and a third phenomenon linked to the heterogeneities of surface induced during the fabrication of the device. This analysis led us to consider a solution to the problems of the drifts related to charges relaxation in the structure of the device. This solution consists in the compensation of the drifts related to the anisotropy of the substrate of LiNbO3 by those due to the electric heterogeneities of the surface. In order to implement this solution we have developed a physical model based on the Maxwell’s equations which allows to calculate the map of the ideal electrical conductivity allowing to remove the long-term drift. This calculation requires the knowledge of the response times of the LiNbO3 substrate. This is why we have developed two experimental setups, one based on the Senarmont’s method and the other on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These setups enabled us to measure the temporal evolution of the electric field induced in the substrate during the application of a voltage step and to deduce these response times from them
El, Dahdah Nayla. "Application du modulateur à electro-absorption au traitement tout-optique du signal à haut débit dans les réseaux WDM." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112269.
Full textAll-optical signal processing is a very promising approach for high bit rate wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) communication networks. Recently, research work has focused on the use of electroabsorption modulators (EAMs), owing in particular to their rapidity and wide spectral bandwidth. The basic principle relies on the optical modulation of this device by absorption saturation. The aim of this thesis was to optimise electroabsorption structures for very high bit rate all-optical signal processing. We have hence investigated wavelength conversion, a building block for other applications based on EAMs. Key parameters for this optical function are related to the physical parameters of the semiconductor electroabsorption structure. We have hence investigated strained layer InGaAs/InGaAlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures grown on InP. We have designed, realised and characterised single mode waveguide modulators. A specific technology route based on dry and wet etching and polyimide planarisation has been developed. By performing wavelength conversion of short pulses, very short recovery times (7ps) have hence been demonstrated which allowed wavelength conversion of incoming signals at 10GHz. We have further investigated EAMs already developed for high bit rate signal coding. These consisted of InGaAIAs/InP and InGaAsP/InP MQW strained layers and exhibited a similar fast dynamics with recovery times down to 5ps. Wavelength conversion experiments of 10Gbit/s NRZ signals have finally been carried out, which have shown a spectral bandwidth of 30nm. Wavelength conversion system experiments at 40Gbit/s are planned and other optical functions too
Petit-Ferrufino, Juan. ""Dual electroabsorption modulated laser" : étude et caractérisation d'une nouvelle source optique laser-modulateur intégrés pour les transmissions numériques à haut débit et les applications radio-sur-fibre." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00579997.
Full textThis thesis is related to the physical layer of a terrestrial optical transmission system for a metropolitan network. Our first investigation deals with an optical device, the Electroabsorption Modulated Laser (EML) which is used to constitute the optical source of medium span optical link thanks to its low price, low consumption and small foot print. The work is done in collaboration with an industrial optoelectronics maker, the GIE Alcatel-Thales III-V Lab, We propose an original technique of pre-chirping obtained by modulating the laser in addition to the electro-absorption modulator (MEA). The purpose of this thesis is to develop a novel modulation scheme of the EML in order to overcome the limits set by the chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects in the transmission fibre. The principle has been demonstrated in the literature with a separate laser and a modulator but never with an integrated device. The technique is based on a pre-compensation of the chromatic dispersion by applying a modulation to the laser of the EML and then the signal is modulated by the MEA. Within the scope of this research work, we have demonstrated experimentally the first increment of the usual distances from around 80 km upto 160 km with a monolithic component and no dispersion compensating element. Radio-over-Fiber application for optical access networks has also been explored, it is also based on an analogue dual modulation, this time tuned so as supress one modulation sideband. This modulation format can carry very high-speed IQ signals over 100 km excluding the periodic degradation of the data signal induced by chromatic dispersion obtained with double-sideband modulation
Houllier, Régis. "Vidéoprojecteur laser haute définition monochrome." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5a2c087e-4de3-44ce-98fe-b0007cd5e5bd.
Full textLaude, Vincent. "Corrélation optique optimale et application aux architectures cohérentes et incohérentes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143607.
Full textNous proposons une technique d'optimisation des filtres de corrélation adaptée aux architectures optiques. Cette méthode est fondée sur une optimisation multi-critères, effectuée sous contrainte d'implantation optique. Nous illustrons les performances des filtres ainsi obtenus pour les architectures de corrélation cohérente par synthèse de pupille et par transformation de Fourier conjointe, ainsi que pour l'architecture de corrélation incohérente par ombroscopie.
Si les architectures de corrélation optique par synthèse de pupille cohérente et par transformation de Fourier conjointe ont suscité un intérêt important ces dernières années, il n'en va pas de même pour l'architecture de corrélation incohérente par ombroscopie. Différents auteurs ont jugé les performances de cette architecture trop faibles en comparaison de celles des architectures cohérentes, à la suite de quoi elle a été quasiment abandonnée. Une grande part de notre travail a donc été consacrée à une ``réhabilitation'' de cette architecture à la lumière des nouveaux composants.
Nous présentons une analyse détaillée de la corrélation optique incohérente suivant le principe de l'ombroscopie. Nous montrons comment réaliser des compromis entre les effets antagonistes dûs à la diffraction et aux non-uniformités photométriques. Nous appliquons expérimentalement notre méthode d'optimisation multi-critères suivant un schéma bipolaire. Ces filtres bipolaires nous permettent d'obtenir de très bonnes performances.
Hu, Xuan. "Etude et caractérisation de composants d’optique intégrée exploitant les propriétés électro-optiques d’oxydes fonctionnels épitaxiés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0083/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to explore a new electro-optic modulator which could be integrated on SOI substrate. The ferroelectric material BaTiO3 (BTO) is potentially the most interesting because it has highest linear electro-optic coefficient among perovskite materials, and its monolithic integration on a SOI substrate as a crystalline thin film was demonstrated in INL. The proposed modulator uses a structure SLOT formed vertically through the silicon layer of the SOI on which is deposited the layer of BTO then an amorphous silicon layer. The lateral confinement in the light guiding is formed by etching of the upper amorphous silicon layer. The geometry of the strip-loaded amorphous silicon is optimized to obtain a SLOT TM (Transverse Magnetic) polarization mode in which substantially all of the light energy is confined in the active layer of BTO, thereby increasing the efficiency of modulator with respect to a conventional structure. The design of such a modulator requirs the development of a multi-physics numerical tool to consider carefully anisotropic properties of ferroelectric materials, rarely available in commercial photonics simulation softwares. Specifically, we combine a FVFD optical mode solver with a radiofrequency Laplace solver. It allows precise calculation of the modulation of refractive index and the electro-optical response induced by Pockels effect of anisotropic materials exhibiting non-diagonal change in the permittivity tensor. The optimization of the modulator is carried out, from both aspects optical and electrical in radiofrequency. In particular, to obtain a rapid modulator, it is necessary to design a radiofrequency electrode that has a same wave propagation constant of optical SLOT mode. The thesis is as well devoted to the design of passive building blocks in integrated optics, which are necessary for the implementation of modulators: straight waveguides, beam splitters of type MMI (MultiMode Interference), turns and directional couplers. A cylindrical coordinate’s mode solver realizes the design of turns of very low bending radii of 3.6 microns with radiation losses less than 0.1dB/90°. Surprisingly, for strip-loaded guides, reducing the cornering radius of turns does not necessarily imply an increase in losses of radiation, and so leading to improved device performance. This result is very important because the turns is a basic building block the most difficult to be miniaturized in integrated optics. Currently, the radii of curvature are limited to 15 microns in waveguide technology. The experimental validation shows that it is possible to obtain a 4-5 times larger integration density without changing the manufacturing technology. The second result for innovative silicon photonics is about obtaining very compact and polarization insensitive beam splitters (2.0 x 3.6 μm²)
Stolz, Arnaud. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation d'un modulateur optique à commande plasmonique sur nitrure de gallium à une longueur d'onde de 1,55 micron." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677475.
Full textDjanta, Gnon. "Sur l'utilisation de films de polymères organiques et de l'échange ionique dans le verre pour réaliser un modulateur électro-optique intégré." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0050.
Full textBeuret, Marc. "Approche dynamique de formation d'image et de compensation d'aberrations pour un système de réalité augmentée." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747808.
Full textKHALFALLAH, Sabry. "Modulateurs de cohérence en optique intégrée sur semiconducteurs III.V : guide biréfringent et interféromètre de Mach-Zehnder." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010242.
Full textPhilippe, Auguste Kenny Robert. "Caractérisation et mise en oeuvre des matériaux en vue de la réalisation de modulateurs à base de nouveaux polymères électro-optiques." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=67d3c360-b97a-40cc-b00b-7b5bd6041193.
Full textGreat interest is devoted to electro-optic (EO) polymers since they allow the fabrication of optical modulators exhibiting high modulation bandwidth and low drive signal. These characteristics are mainly related to a better velocity match between microwave and optical signals as well as a high EO coefficient. The work hereby reported is part of the national funded project "ModPol" aiming to fabricate high modulation bandwidth integrated optics modulators based on long-lasting EO polymers. The work mainly covered two subjects, on one hand the characterization of the microwave properties of polymers, both cladding and core dedicated ones, and on the other hand the chromophore orientation in the active polymers. These studies have been made in IEMN and IETR, respectively. Some modelling of optical and microwave guiding structures have also been completed using HFSS and OptiBPM softwares in order to give an insight into the design of Mach-Zehnder optical modulators. Concerning the first topic, specifically developed software is used in order to determine the microwave characteristics (permittivity and loss tangent) from the S-parameter measurement of microwave coplanar lines fabricated on polymers under investigation. These characteristics have been so obtained for about ten of different polymers up to 60 GHz. Test samples are then fabricated in almost real modulator fabrication conditions and polymer poling is made using either Corona or contact electrode method. A simplified fabrication process has been developed in order a unique solvent to be used for all the different films composing the optical waveguide. An EO coefficient of 28 pm/V has been measured in an optical plan waveguide configuration
Nguyen, Quoc Thai. "Émetteurs achromatiques pour le réseau d'accès optique haut débit multiplexé en longueurs d'onde." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598529.
Full textContreras, Villalobos Kevin. "Conception, validation et mise en oeuvre d’une architecture de stockage de données de très haute capacité basée sur le principe de la photographie Lippmann." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112017/document.
Full textNowadays, the holographic data storage presents a renewed interest. It seems well placed to lead a new generation of optical storage capacity and playback speeds much higher than current optical discs based on the recording onto a surface. In this thesis, we propose a new architecture for optical data storage that is based on the principle of Lippmann photography interferential. Information are included in the volume of the recording material in the form of pages of data multiplexing in wavelength by exploiting the Bragg selectivity. This technique, although very similar to holography, had never been considered for high storage capacities. The aim of the thesis was to analyze this new architecture to determine the conditions that can lead to very high capacities. This analysis was based on a numerical simulation tool of diffraction process involved in this memory interferential. It allowed us to define two conditions under which these high capacities are achievable. In accordance with these conditions, we developed a demonstrator called "Lippmann’s memory" and have thus demonstrated experimentally that the capacity is proportional to the thickness of the recording material. With such an architecture, Terabyte disks of 12 cm in diameter are expected
Mestre, Michael. "Holographie dynamique appliquée aux atomes froids : cas du guidage dans un mode laser de Laguerre-Gauss." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112359.
Full textThe use of a spatial light modulator (SLM), a reconfigurable diffractive element, was studied in the context of cold atom experiments. The SLM enabled to shape an infrared laser beam by far-field diffraction, creating a dipole potential in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for Rubidium atoms. A detailed study of the numerical algorithms designed to compute holograms for creating arbitrary diffraction patterns has been performed, and the fundamental and technical hurdles preventing the production of smooth patterns have been identified. The use of analytically known holograms was also studied, with an emphasis on the holograms that create a phase dislocation in the center of the beam. Ring shaped Laguerre-Gaussian beams have been produced using this method. The absence of light intensity in the center of such beams enables one to obtain a dipole guide for the cold atoms, in which the atoms are trapped in a region where the rate of spontaneous emission is a local minimum. A quantitative evaluation of the cold atom guiding efficiencies as a function of various parameters has been performed (frequency detuning and radial order of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam, by taking advantage of the dynarnic reconfiguration capabilities of the SLM). Ln parallel, a quick switching technique for the SLM, based on acousto-optic modulators, was developed to provide the means to modify a dipole potential in a few microseconds in an atomic physics experiment
Butterlin-Fillon, Nadia. "Étude et réalisation d'un processeur systolique optoélectronique dédié au calcul vectoriel." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22006.
Full text