Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Modulateurs (électronique) – Propriétés optiques'
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Leroy, Floriane. "Etude des propriétés électro-optiques des couches minces de Ba1-xSrxTiO3 pour la modulation optique." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749716.
Full textStolz, Arnaud. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation d'un modulateur optique à commande plasmonique sur nitrure de gallium à une longueur d'onde de 1,55 micron." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677475.
Full textArnaud, Gérald. "Structure électronique et propriétés optiques des hétérostructures InGaAs-GaAs." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20242.
Full textPinna, Nicola. "Nanomatériaux : étude structurale et propriétés optiques." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066357.
Full textCornic, Charles. "Réalisation par gravure RIBE de guides optiques en polyimide : Contribution à leur caractérisation dans un modulateur électrooptique." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f04850a9-fb12-4249-9a15-ac30c01511d4/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0002.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to the development of technology courses which enables to show the making of a phase modulator based on organic materials. At first, a semi-conductor technology has to be adapted to the polymers to elaborate wave-guides, then to realise the piling up of layers of passive or active polymers. We described the technological stages which enable to realise optical waveguides based on a fluorinated polyimide, 6FDA/MPDA. They mainly rely on the use of photolithography and RIBE. Thanks to RIBE we obtained waveguides which present vertical walls. Losses by propagaton of 0,5 dB/cm at the wavelength of 1,3 micron were measured by the Cut-Back method. For the realisation of the phase modulator, as guiding layer we used the same fluorinated poyimide mixed with a dye (DR1); this layer is sandwiched between two layers of organic materials. Then thanks to an infra red camera, we showed the propagation of the guided wave and thus validated a whole technological process course
Ehooman, Bosson Jocelyne. "Spectroscopie électronique et propriétés optiques nonlinéaires du monocristal de para-aminobenzonitrile." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10194.
Full textClaveau, Régis. "Contribution a l'etude des amplificateurs distribues et des circuits de polarisation active. Applications aux circuits de commande de modulateurs electro-optiques." Rennes, INSA, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143887.
Full textThe increase of data rates in optical telecommunication systems favours the use of electro optical modulators. Their driver circuit becomes a key component of these transmission systems. A description of the most common systems and architectures used is done, allowing us thereby to define performance specifications for the electro optical drivers. Distributed amplifiers fulfil these requirements well, due in particular to their high gain bandwidth product and a detailed study of distributed amplifiers and their various configurations is carried out. The designed amplifiers were produced based on a PHEMT GaAs technology. In order to simplify the packaging and to solve the problems caused by the distributed amplifier's biasing, two novel integrated biasing circuits were developed. First of all, a novel active load, taking place of termination of the output line of the distributed amplifier, was designed to bias the amplifier and makes it possible to preserve the output matching during the variation in the current bias. Also an integrated device composed of current sources connected to the output line of the distributed amplifier, called an active bias T, is studied
Bayle, Maxime. "Architectures plasmoniques enterrées : élaboration, propriétés optiques et applications." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2664/.
Full textIn our work, we present the study of plasmonic architectures made of a plane of nanoparticules (NPs) embedded at the vicinity of a dielectric matrix free surface, by low energy ion beam synthesis. Materials structural analysis, especially by transmission electron microscopy, have been carried out to determine the impact of the elaboration process parameters on the three dimensional organization of the NPs, in silicon dioxide or nitride layers grown on silicon substrates. To systematically check these parameters, we studied the elastic and inelastic optical responses of the heterostructures. The elastic response has been obtained by measuring the reflectance of the samples, and confronted to numerical modelling we developed, to determine the mean size of the NPs and the implanted silver amount. The study of the electric field topography allowed us to take benefit from both plasmonic resonance and optical amplification in antireflective layers. The inelastic response has been studied using Raman spectroscopy over a wide frequency range: vibrational collective modes (Lamb modes) of the NPs have been studied at low frequency, while at higher frequency, we have extracted the vibrational density of states (VDOS). Combined with atomistic simulations, the VDOS gave us original information on the vibrational dynamics and the thermodynamic properties of buried silver NPs (and deposited gold NPs). Finally, we present some applications of the assemblies of NPs in hybrid devices, such as the use of coupling between these NPs and deposited substances (e. G. Graphene) on our substrates. In particular, it can be used for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Then using techniques from microelectronics, we designed plasmo-electronic devices exploiting photoconductance properties of these buried or deposited NPs assemblies
Buldawoo, Naveena. "Module d'émission-réception pour communications optiques à base d'amplificateur optique à semi-conducteur." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20139.
Full textPecci, Pascal. "Conception, fabrication et analyse d'une source intégrée laser-modulateur électro-absorbant à ondes progressives pour des transmissions optiques à haut debit à 1. 55 [micro]m sur InP." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-484-485.pdf.
Full textPuis, nous nous focalisons sur la conception du composant. Une premiere version est concue numeriquement afin de connaitre les parametres electriques de base du composant (indice de propagation n e, attenuation e, impedance caracteristique z c) et leur influence sur le fonctionnement. Apres analyse, une seconde version est realisee, permettant d'augmenter z c ce qui diminue la tension de commande et limite les pertes. Le chapitre 3 s'interesse a la fabrication des composants qui sont ensuite mesures et analyses (chapitre 4). Nous decouvrons ainsi les cles du monolithe (importance de z c et e, faible influence de n e) et comment les maitriser. En conclusion, les idees sur l'ilmtw ne sont plus preconcues mais concretes : la source integree possede une puissance de sortie optique de 1 mw (0 dbm) avec une monomodalite aussi bien transverse que longitudinale et un taux d'extinction de 20 db pour 2 vpp. Ses performances actuelles en termes de bande-passante et gain en tension sont comparables a celles des sources a electrode discrete, mais une legere modification permettrait un gain en performance de 30%
Troc, Nicolas. "Étude des propriétés optiques de nanoparticules d’argent sondées par spectroscopies optique et électronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1194/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study quantum effects appearing in very small metallic clusters caused by the increasing surface/volume ratio and the discretization of the electronic structure. Investigating effects such as size dependencies demand a very high quality of the studied nanoparticles, monodisperse in the ideal case. We fabricate nanostructures by embedding silver clusters generated in a magnetron source in solid matrices, such as silica or alumina. This technique gives us full and independent control over the particle composition, size and concentration. A quadrupole mass spectrometer is used as a size filter to obtain a more precise and narrow distribution.Samples have been characterized with two complementary methods: optical transmission spectroscopy of ensembles of particles and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) on single particles using a scanning transmission electron microscope. Although these two tools are conceptually different, they both measure the plasmonic resonances of metal nanoparticles. The objective of this work is to link theory and experiment in these two methods in order to understand how the physical properties of these small noble metal clusters are affected by quantum effects
Sepehrian, Hassan. "Transmetteurs photoniques sur silicium pour les transmissions optiques à grande capacité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31448.
Full textData-hungry applications (social media, video streaming, big data, etc.) are expanding at a fast pace, growing demand for ultra-fast optical links. This driving force reveals need for low-cost, integrated optical transmitters and pushes research in silicon photonics because of its advantages over other platforms (i.e. LiNbO3 and InP), such as compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes, the ability of on-chip polarization manipulation, and cost effciency. Electro-optic modulators are an essential component of optical communication links and immense research is dedicated to developing effcient high-bitrate devices. However, the design of high-capacity Silicon Photonics (SiP) transmitters is challenging, mainly due to lack of inherent electro-optic effect in silicon. New design methodologies and performance merits have to be developed in order to map the system-level criteria of an optical link to the design parameters in device-level. In addition, co-design of silicon photonics and CMOS integrated circuits is crucial to reveal the full potential of silicon photonics. This thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges. In our frst contribution, for the frst time we present a DAC-less PAM-4 silicon photonic transmitter that includes a SiP lumped-element segmented-electrode Mach Zehnder modula-tor (LES-MZM) implemented in a generic silicon photonic process with lateral p-n junction and its co-designed CMOS driver. Using post processing, bitrates up to 38 Gb/s/channel are achieved without using an external digital to analog converter. We also presents a novel delay generation procedure in the CMOS driver. A robust delay as small as 7 ps is generated between the driving channels. In our second contribution, for the frst time we present a new figure of merit (FOM) for SiP modulators that includes not only the optical loss and effciency (like the prior FOMs), but also the SiP modulator electro-optic bandwidth ( BWEO). This new FOM can map SiP modulator physical design parameters to its system-level performance criteria, facilitating both device design and system optimization. For the frst time we define and employ the modulator power penalty (MPP) induced by the SiP modulator to study the system level performance degradation induced by SiP modulator in an optical pulse amplitude modulation link. We develope a closed-form equation for MPP that includes the SiP modulator limiting factors (optical loss, limited extinction ratio and electro-optic bandwidth limitation). Finally in our third contribution, we present a novel design methodology for integrated high capacity SiP modulators. The new approach is based on minimizing the power penalty of a SiP modulator (MPP) by optimizing modulator design and bias point. For the given process, a unit-length design of Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) can be optimized following the process specifications and design rules. However, the length and the bias voltage of the phase shifter must be optimized together in a system context (e.g., baud rate and modulation format). Moreover, to verify the proposed optimization approach in experiment, we design an in-phase/quadrature-phase (IQ) silicon photonic modulator targeting 16-QAM modulation format at 60 Gbaud. Experimental results proves the reliability of our proposed methodology. We further push the baud rate up to 70 Gbaud to examine the capacity boundary of the device. Back to back data transmission with bitrates more than 233 Gb/s/channel are captured. This design methodology paves the way for designing the next generation of integrated dual- polarization 400+ Gb/s/channel transmitters.
Polossat, Eric. "Biréfringence de cristaux liquides nématiques et smectiques C* chiraux dans l'infrarouge : Réalisation de modulateurs IR." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20097.
Full textDellier, Stéphane. "Contributions à la conception des circuits micro-ondes : Outil informatique d'assistance à la conception et méthodologie de conception de drivers pour la génération d'impulsions optiques." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c32d017d-3934-4e7f-9055-802ab9eb7a0e/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0046.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the various aspects of the microwave circuit design, and especially how to implement efficient EDA tools for microwave circuit design without fixing knowledge through monolithic, so as to be able to innovate unceasingly. The two parts of this manuscript concern : - the realization of a MMIC driver in pHEMT GaAs technology at 40 GHz of an electroabsorption modulator on InP for optical pulses generation. A design methodology of the EAM driver was developed, allowing to directly take into account in the phase of ultra high frequency CAD, the optical component and its characteristics. This methodology was applied within the framework of a collaboration with Alcatel-Opto+ to the realization of a MMIC driver at 40 GHZ, in 0. 15 μm GaAs pHEMT technology of OMMIC. This realization made it possible to validate the relevance of methodology used, and made it possible to show the interest of the driver + MEA on InP function for the generation of very short optical pulses with a strong extinction ratio at 40 GHz. - the development of a design assistance tool for microwave circuits. Within the framework of a research programme in collaboration with the French Space Agency, a design assistant of microwave non-linear circuits was developed. The objective is propose to designers, a capable data-processing tool to effectively guide them during each design step and to facilitate them the implementation of suited methods in order to enable them to spend more time on the design problems and the development of innovating solutions
Fabert, Marc. "Systèmes lasers intégrant des micro-miroirs déformables a base de MEMS optiques." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e607e2a0-1998-4a20-9e62-9dfe29d634e3/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4039.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the integration of MEMS (Micro- Electro- Mechanical- System) in fibre laser systems in order to generate short pulses. Q-switching short laser cavities associated with these components produces pulses in the nanosecond regime. These deformable micro-mirrors reached modulation frequencies upper than one megahertz, giving access to mode-locking in fibre laser sources. This new fibre laser system showed MOEMS capability to replace more famous modulators, as acousto-optic or electro-optic ones. They offer a good potential in miniaturization and cost reduction of pulsed fibre laser sources
Nelayah, Jaysen. "Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules metalliques aux échelles sous-longueur d’onde." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112331.
Full textFrom a fundamental point of view as well as for potential applications, understanding the srinking optical properties of metallic nanoparticles is crucial. In this manuscript, we showed on different metallic nanosystems, the possibility of mapping at the sub-wavelength scale the spatial variations of the electromagnetic fields associated to surface Plasmon resonances in the visible domain. This has been made possible by combining energy resolution improvements brought about during this thesis to low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and the nanometer resolution accessible in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Experiments undertaken on triangular silver nanoprisms, gold nanodecahedra and dimers of triangular silver nanoprisms have enabled us to study, in particular, the correlation existing between the surface plasmons maps and the direction of the excitation its symmetry and the shapes of the nanoparticles. Moreover, using the recent link established between low-loss EELS signals and the local density of photonic states (this is a universal quantity analogous to the local density of electronis states measured in tunneling microscope), we have been able to analytically calculate and simulate the EELS response of a molecule in the presence of planar metallic surface and thus, verify the feasibility of single molecule EELS spectroscopy
Hafid, My Lahcen. "Structures électroniques et propriétés optiques de BaTiO:(3) et LiNbO::(3) purs et dopés au fer." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS058.
Full textVitucci, Francesco Maria. "Propriétés optiques et magnétiques de matériaux multiferroïques : gaFeO3 et LuFe2O4." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4017/document.
Full textWe present a contribution to the study of structural, electronic and magnetic propertiesof multiferroic compounds. These materials – characterized by the coexistence and coupling of different types of long-range orders, such as magnetic and ferroelectic – have recently become a subject of great importance because of their academic interest and their significance for potential applications. In this context we have studied the two compounds GaFeO₃ and LuFe₂O₄. The study involved the use of several techniques : electronic spin resonance (ESR), magnetic measurements by magnetometry and infrared spectroscopy (IR).Local and macroscopic magnetic measurements reveal an anomalous paramagnetic phase in GaFeO3. This is attributed to the existence of short-range magnetic correlations in a wide temperature range above the ordering temperature. On the other hand, the analysis of IR phonon spectra recorded at different temperatures (10 ≤ T ≤ 1000 K) shows that the ordering of magnetic moments does not affect the structural properties of GaFeO₃ For LuFe₂O₄, conversely, the magnetic degrees of freedom are coupled to the structural properties via the charge ordering of Fe³+/Fe²+ ions, as suggested by ESR and IR spectroscopy
Petitprez, Emmanuel. "Propriétés optiques et structurales de super-réseaux de boites quantiques auto-organisées de InAs." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0006.
Full textIn this work we present a systematic study of the optical and structural properties of self-organized InAs quantum dot superlattices. The structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaAs substrates with different spacing between the quantum dot layers. The samples have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence. A quantitative analysis of microscopy images shows that spacer layer thickness reduction improves the quantum dots uniformity and vertical alignment. However, closely stacked quantum dot layers tend to relax through the formation of structural defects identified as microtwins We report for the first time on an unusual behavior of the photoluminescence peak position when the spacer layer thickness is reduced. This behavior is interpreted in terms of quantum dot size modification, electronic coupling, partial strain relaxation and non-radiative recombination through defect centers. Simulated photoluminescence spectra only fit the experimental data when these four features are considered. Additional experimental results also support our interpretation
Bitar, Rajaa. "Auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'or dans un cristal liquide cholestérique : élaboration, structure et propriétés optiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1565/.
Full textDuring my thesis, I worked on self-organization of gold nanoparticles (nps) in a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). This work consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the study of the cholesteric matrix before the introduction of nps. For this, we realized many studies starting from preparing the open film to the characterization of complementary imaging methods, and a study of the optical response. During this study, we discovered a new scenario to change the color of a cholesteric without modifying the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the material. This color change is controlled only by the annealing time which induces a change in the distribution of the helical axis at the interface with air and which propagates in the volume when the annealing time increases. This detailed study has allowed us to propose a 3D representation of our system. The second part of my thesis deals with the introduction of gold nps in the cholesteric matrix using in the first part. We defined a simple protocol to mix the two bodies, and make a film of CLC-nps. The fact that our compounds can fix the structure below 50 °C, helped us to show self-organization of nps by electron micrograph (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we presented a multi-scale structural study going from the nanoscale to the macroscale, by additional imaging. These data do not exist in the literature even for neighboring systems, especially since most organizations studied were short scale and using microparticles. Finally, we defined the couple concentration of nps-film thickness CLC-nps as the parameters that control the self-organization of nps and decide of gold nanostructures obtained (fingerprints, double spirals, and targets)
Debbichi, Lamjed. "Etude ab-initio des propriétés électroniques, optiques et du transport électronique dans les nanotubes de carbone." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6231.
Full textThe objective of this work is to understand the effects of impurities on the electronic and transport properties of single wall carbon nanotubes. In the first part, we studied the effect of substitutional doping by boron, nitrogen or silicon atoms on the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes for different diameters in order to determine the chemical reactivity as a function of the nanotube curvature. We then studied the impurity distribution as a function of the nanotube chirality and the behavior of the optical spectra as a function of the diameter and the chirality of the nanotubes and as a function of the impurity distribution. In a second part, we used the nonequilibrium Green’s function to understand the electronic transport of carbon nanotubes. This is to calculate the electric conductance of a single nanotube in which an organic molecule is either inserted or adsorbed on its surface. To determine the adsorption of the molecule we calculated the total energy, taking into account the dispersive forces of van der Waals. We also studied the effect of spin polarized chemical bonding at the interface of the Fe(001)-nanotube direct junctions on the electronic transport of zigzag and armchair nanotubes of different sizes
Royo, Francine. "Propriétés structurales et optiques des superréseaux InGaAs/InGaAs : mise en évidence d'une modulation tout optique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20181.
Full textGiraud, Marion. "Nouveaux diaryléthènes photochromes et photo-commutation des propriétés optiques et magnétiques à l'échelle moléculaire." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112241.
Full textThis work deals with the syntheses and the characterisations of compounds which are at the crossing of both photochromism and coordination chemistry and whose properties are photo-switchable. These compounds have attracted many interest in the scientific world for they can potentially be used in optoelectronics and photonic devices. We report here on the syntheses and characterisations of chelating diarylethenes and their use as bridges between metallic centres. Dinuclear complexes have been obtained and the Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance investgations, mainly dedicated to the study of a Cu(II) dinuclear complex, have shown both the reversible changes in the magnetic properties of this complex and the reversible release of the metal ion in solution upon irradiation. A structure of a closed isomer of this compound has been obtained. Synthetic methods have been used to bind more chelating sites to the perfluorated core : the post-functionnalisation way has been the most successful of many attempts, leading to new diarylethenes with 4 or 5 donating atoms. Eventually, Non Linear Optics-designed compounds are also described and their luminescence and Second Harmonic Generation switching properties are also reported
Viguier, Claude. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés optiques et de la structure électronique des siliciures de métaux de transition." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22001.
Full textPérès, Nicole. "Contribution à l'étude du phosphate diacide d'ammonium NH4H2PO4 dans sa phase paraélectrique : densité électronique et propriétés optiques." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10275.
Full textBencheikh, Fatima. "Corrélation entre les propriétés optiques, la structure électronique et la morphologie des semi-conducteurs organiques pi-conjugués." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4362.
Full textThe development of organic photovoltaic cell technology requires various skills related to the molecular engineering, interface engineering, controlling and characterizing the morphology of the films, device structure optimization and understanding of photophysics of the materials. In this context, the work presented in this thesis contributes to the understanding of the photophysical properties of π-conjugated organic materials and propose optical characterizations tools for probing the morphology of these materials. First, a rigorous methodology for determining refractive indices of organic films by ellipsometry has been proposed. The models used in ellipsometry have been chosen by taking into account the physical properties of π-conjugated organic materials which allow the determination of the electronic structure of fullerene derivatives (PC60BM and PC70BM). Secondly, we associated ellipsometric data to complementary measurements of absorbance and photoluminescence in the case of two copolymers (PTB7 and PTB7-Th) in films and solutions in order to isolate inter and intra-chain interactions. We have demonstrated that the photophysics of these copolymers differs from the P3HT. We have shown that even in solution in chlorobenzene, the PTB7 PTB7-Th aggregate strongly. These aggregates, H-type, break more easily in the chlorobenzene solutions based of PTB7-Th as in those based on PTB7
Fkyerat, Abdallah. "Etude de la densité électronique dans un cristal à propriétés optiques non linéaires : le N-(4-nitrophényl)-(L)prolinol." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10083.
Full textEn outre, nous avons pu mesurer l'influence des phases des facteurs de structure sur la densité électronique de déformation et les propriétés électrostatiques dans le cas d'une structure non centrosymétrique
Brière, Benjamin. "Propriétés optiques de matériaux à fortes corrélations électroniques en conditions extrêmes." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4020/document.
Full textMaterials with strongly correlated electrons belong to the most intriguing systems in condensed matter physics due to their great variety of properties discovered during the last decades such as high temperature superconductivity, molecular conductors and colossal magnetoresistance. During this thesis, two types of strongly correlated materials have been studied: the quadruple perovskite EuCu3fe4Oi2 and the molecular conductors [Au(Et-thiazdt)2J. EuCu3Fe4Oi2 undergoes a metal to insulator transition at low temperature (240K), and [Au(Et-thiazdt)2J goes from a Mott insulator to a correlated metal state under high pressure. Infrared microspectroscopy measurements allowed us to probe the low energy electrodynamic of these systems. Ab-initio calculations were also used to understand the mechanisms of the transitions and the role of electronic correlations in the material
Sanchez, Stéphanie. "Etude des processus optiques non-linéaires cohérents des semiconducteurs nanostructurés en microcavité." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30204.
Full textJaffrennou, Périne. "Étude des propriétés optiques du nitrure de bore hexagonal et des nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344654/fr/.
Full textSince several years, optical properties of semiconductors, and especially of UV emitting materials, have been extensively studied because of their potential use in optoelectronics. In that purpose, studying optical properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and boron nitride nanotubes is of particular interest since they are both wide band gap semiconductors (~6 eV). The purpose of this work is to analyze the optical properties of these materials and, more precisely, their excitonic effects by developing optical characterization methods dedicated to observe UV emissions. The experimental techniques we have developed (photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence) have allowed us understanding luminescence properties of hBN. Thus, we have observed free excitonic emissions at 5. 77 eV. Then, a correlation of these optical measurements with structural analyses of individual hBN crystallites in transmission electron microscopy has pointed out the existence of excitons bound to well identified structural defects and emitting around 5. 5 eV. After the analysis of hBN optical properties, we have performed the same type of experiments on multiwall BN nanotubes. For the first time, such measurements have shown that these nano objects also emit in the UV range. Based on our previous study of hBN luminescence properties, we interpretate the origin of the BN nanotubes UV light emissions
Marhaba, Salem. "Influence de la morphologie sur les propriétés optiques de nano-objets métalliques uniques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356212.
Full textTaïnoff, Dimitri. "Influence des défauts sur les propriétés optiques et électroniques des nanoparticules de ZnO." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507281.
Full textSimon, Pardis. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d'oxydes de titane par pyrolyse laser - Etude des propriétés optiques et de la structure électronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677864.
Full textSimon, Pardis. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d’oxydes de titane par pyrolyse laser - Etude des propriétés optiques et de la structure électronique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112240/document.
Full textThe synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles by laser pyrolysis is studied in this work. This original gas phase technique is a versatile method which allows us to obtain a one-step synthesis of nanoparticles of controlled size, chemical composition and crystalline structure.In this study, two approaches have been proposed to synthesize titanium oxides nanoparticles with absorption in the visible range. In the first place, the synthesis of nitrogen doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) and second, the synthesis of less oxidized titanium oxides than TiO2.First, the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles is achieved through the use of titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor. The laser pyrolysis allows us to control the obtained TiO2 phase, anatase or rutile. Then, using ammonia as a dopant, we were able to synthesize nitrogen doped TiO2 anatase, with an absorption in the visible.Second, by changing the synthesis parameters, it was possible to synthesize nanoparticles of Magnéli phases, also having absorption in the visible. It was also possible to obtain under atmospheric pressure the TiO2-II phase, a high-pressure phase of TiO2 by oxidation of one of the Magnéli phases.Third, using the reducing effect of ammonia we were able to synthesize titanium oxynitrides, Ti(O,N). A detailed study by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and a study in temperature, allowed us to characterize the structure of this unusual phase. In addition, the optical properties were very interesting, since the material undergoes a transition metal/semiconductor depending on its oxidation and has a very high absorption in the visible region.Finally, the TiO2 nanoparticles and nitrogen doped TiO2 were used for the development of solid state, dye-sensitized solar cells. Initial results show that the morphology of these nanoparticles is suitable for their use for such devices, with yields close to the world state of the art. Secondly, it shows that the nitrogen doping allows to collect a larger amount of photons, through the area of absorption of these nanoparticles and to generate a higher current density
Etcheberry, Arnaud. "Comportement de l'interface phosphure d'indium/électrolyte : apport des méthodes optiques." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077036.
Full textRogemond, François. "Propriétés de fluorescence de monocristaux de Bi4 Ge3 O12 (B. G. O. ) sous excitation laser : dynamique des états excités et effets de saturation : analyse de la structure électronique des centres luminogènes." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10021.
Full textBosc, Dominique. "Polymères et transmission optique : application aux fibres optiques multimodes et monomodes." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20066.
Full textBaida, Hatim. "Propriétés optiques et spectroscopie non-linéaire de nanoparticules individuelles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713129.
Full textLantiat-Baillargue, David. "Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules d'argent dispersées dans les matrices diélectriques : influence sur les propriétés optiques." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Lantiat-Baillargue-David/2008-Lantiat-Baillargue-David-These.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to adjust the spectral position of the surface plasmon resonance of noble-metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric matrix by tailoring their morphology and their spatial organization. We show that when the growth is performed on plane substrates, it is possible to modify the aspect ratio of the particles H/D, and thus their optical response by changing the nature of the matrix. Quantitative structural analyzes carried out by using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electronic microscopy (HAADF-STEM) imaging reveal that H/D is a decreasing function of the diameter D, independently of the deposited metal amount. In order to understand these effects of the matrix on the structural and optical properties of the particles, various studies (influence of the metal and deposited amount, presence of a buffer layer, influence of the elaboration conditions, covering rate of the particles,. . . ) are presented and numerical simulations of the optical spectra are proposed by integrating the structural parameters from the HAADF analysis in a model of Yamaguchi. A second step consists in using nanostructured sapphire surfaces in order to induce a surface organization of the particles, and thus to involve an anisotropy of their optical properties. We show that according to the geometry used during the deposition (normal incidence, grazing incidence, orientation and angle of incidence of atomic flux), it is possible to select the type of facets on which the growth takes place (shadowing effect), and consequently to elaborate self-organized systems of metal nanoislands constituted of stripes or linear chains of particles, whose optical properties display a light-polarization dependence
Simon, Alain. "Propriétés électroniques des hétérostructures semiconductrices contraintes à direction d'épitaxie et profils de potentiel quelconques." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20043.
Full textCarette, Michèle. "Etude des propriétés remarquables de nanofils optiques InP/polymère en vue de la réalisation de fonctions optoélectroniques hyperfréquences." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460628.
Full textAbdi, Farid. "Etude des propriétés électro-optiques de matériaux ferroélectriques (KDP,BaTi- O3,PbTiO3), en fonction de la température et de la fréquence de modulation." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Abdi.Farid.SMZ9222.pdf.
Full textThe topic of the thesis belongs to the optoelectronics area where electro-optic devices are useful (modulators, deflectors,. . . ). It consists of a study of electro-optical properties of ferroelectric materials, KDP,BaTi- O3, and PbTiO3. These properties are investigated as a function of temperature, DC applied field, and AC modulating frequency, by means of an accurate method based upon amplitude modulation of a laser beam at the frequency doubling position, with a Sénarmont modulator. First this allows the determination of thermo-optic contributions which are often superimposed on the "true" electro-optic effect. On the other hand, the results leads to a better understanding of the physical mechanism responsible for the electro-optic properties and their dependences on various parameters. This is of great importance for research and development of new materials for electro-optical devices
Marino, Robert. "Propriétés magnétiques et optiques de cristaux dopés terres rares pour l’information quantique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10101/document.
Full textThe control of information is a competitive advantage today. Despite an intensification of the means developed to protect the data stream, it is currently not possible to exchange remotely and in a completely safe way information between two parties. However, the work of Bennett and Brassard have shown that it is possible to achieve a maximum level of security using a protocol for transmitting quantum information. This protocol is based on the use of telecom networks using quantum repeaters in place of conventional repeaters.The route studied in this thesis, carried out partly in the framework of the European Project QuRep, aims to improve knowledge on single crystals doped with rare earth ions that are good candidates for the development of quantum repeaters. Two main areas emerged: on the one hand, we tried to understand the success and limiting factors regarding the use of Nd : YSO single crystal as host for quantum memories. The objective was also to transfer the coherence from an electronic Zeeman level to the hyperfine levels. In a second step, we studied a crystal with a hyperfine structure directly accessible in optics, Er : YLF to assess its potential use for quantum memories. Among other things, we achieved the transfer of coherence from a Zeeman level to an hyperfine level with a storage time of over 300 microseconds, which allows to consider the development an on demand readout quantum memory in Nd : YSO
Batal, Ahmed. "Génération optique de microondes par battements de deux ondes lasers stabilisées sur une référence commune." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0022.
Full textFrancois, Jean-Claude. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés optiques des nitrures de titane, de zirconium et de scandium en relation avec leur structure électronique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11091.
Full textJaffrennou, Périne. "Etude des propriétés optiques du nitrure de bore hexagonal et des nanotubes de nitrure de bore." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344654.
Full textL'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les propriétés optiques de ces matériaux et, plus particulièrement, leurs effets excitoniques, en développant des méthodes de caractérisation optique adaptées pour observer des émissions UV.
Les techniques expérimentales de photoluminescence et de cathodoluminescence développées au cours de cette thèse ont tout d'abord permis de comprendre les propriétés de luminescence du hBN. Ainsi, nous avons pu confirmer la présence d'excitons libres émettant à 5.77 eV. Ensuite, en corrélant ces mesures optiques avec des analyses structurales en microscopie électronique en transmission de cristaux individuels, nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'excitons liés à des défauts structuraux bien déterminés et émettant autour de 5.5 eV. Une fois les propriétés de luminescence du matériau massif connues, nous avons analysé de la même manière différents types de nanotubes de BN multifeuillets. Ces mesures ont pour la première fois montré que ces nano-objets émettent également dans l'UV. En se basant sur notre étude de la luminescence de hBN, nous proposons une interprétation pour l'origine de leurs émissions lumineuses UV.
Carette, Michèle. "Étude des propriétés remarquables de nanofils optiques InP/polymère en vue de la réalisation de fonctions optoélectroniques hyperfréquences." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10076/document.
Full textThis work gives an insight into the possible application of high index contrast based nanophotonics to process microwave - photonic functions such as a tunable time delay and an all-optical ultrafast switch. InP embedded in a low optical index matrix (benzocyclobutene) by wafer bonding is considered for this purpose to take benefit of III-V material electro-optical properties. High resolution technological process is required due to the high sensitivity of the nanowires to any change in their size. The optical characterisation proved the quality of the process, through the highlighting of state-of-the-art propagation los (less than 10 dB/cm) and strong decrease of coupling loss. Such good propagation characteristics allow us to use the InP/BCB nanowires as a first step for active functions and to study physical phenomena they are based on. So, Bragg gratings on InP/BCB nanowires were processed and characterized successfully. Slow light phenomenon at the band edge of such structures should allow 1 ns microwave delay for a 1 mm long grating. ln addition, absorption-saturation was demonstrated opening the way to an all-optical switch. Furthermore, propositions are made towards ultrafast and low power devices
Flaissier, Marc-Olivier. "Etude de la structure et des nanorugosités interfaciales de multicouches rayons x par traitement numérique de micrographies électroniques : lien avec leurs propriétés optiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30079.
Full textKhrifi, Saâd. "Etude de la densité électronique précise du composé "2-amino-5-nitropyridinium-L-monohydrogènetartrate" : estimation des propriétés optiques linéaire [alpha] et non linéaire [bêta] à partir des propriétés électrostatiques." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10005.
Full textLombard, Pierre. "Étude de l'environnement et des propriétés optiques des ions Ti3+ formés sous irradiation ionisante dans les verres d'oxyde." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00488033.
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