Dissertations / Theses: 'Module AIP'

1

Jeangeorges, Mickaël. "Conception d'antennes miniatures intégrées pour solutions RF SiP." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544576.

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Ce mémoire présente la conception et l'optimisation d'antennes miniatures intégrées en modules de type System in Package. L'objectif est de répondre à un besoin croissant en modules intégrés complets, comprenant tous les composants nécessaires pour apporter des fonctionnalités sans-fil aux objets communicants. Afin de remplir cet objectif, les antennes doivent satisfaire de nombreux critères, autant au niveau des performances (adaptation, bande passante, efficacité, diagramme de rayonnement) qu'au niveau des méthodes de conception (robustesse, coût, adaptation au processus de fabrication SiP, possibilité de production industrielle). L'extrême miniaturisation rend d'autant plus délicate leur mise en oeuvre qu'elle entraîne des phénomènes physiques limitant les performances. Nos travaux étudient la possibilité d'utiliser certaines techniques d'amélioration par l'ajout d'éléments structurels (éléments capacitifs, éléments parasites, fentes) et l'utilisation de circuits d'adaptation spécifiques. Diverses modifications géométriques innovantes appliquées aux structures antennaires ont également été utilisées pour obtenir des résultats satisfaisant tous les critères. Les antennes élaborées permettent à des objets communicants de dimensions variées d'opérer dans la bande de fréquences 2,4 GHz pour des applications de type WiFi ou Bluetooth. Plusieurs séries de réalisations de prototypes ont permis de valider les résultats et confirmer les phénomènes électromagnétiques mis en jeu.

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2

Caulk, Abraham Bruno Whipp Kevin. "Air cooling for AECM module, final project report /." Click here to view, 2009. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/10.

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Thesis (B.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009.
Project advisor: Sarah Harding. Title from PDF title page; viewed on Jan. 20, 2010. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on microfiche.

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3

Smith, Jeffrey Paul. "AirSniffer: A Smartphone-Based Sensor Module for Personal Micro-Climate Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849691/.

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Environmental factors can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and a primary characteristic of environments is air quality. Air sensing equipment is available to the public, but it is often expensive,stationary, or unusable for persons without technical expertise. The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive and portable sensor module for public use. The system is capable of measuring temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, heat index, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. The sensor module, referred to as the "sniffer," consists of a printed circuit board that interconnects a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature/humidity sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a Bluetooth module. The sniffer is small enough to be worn as a pendant or a belt attachment, and it is rugged enough to consistently collect and transmit data to a user's smartphone throughout their workday. The accompanying smartphone app uses Bluetooth and GPS hardware to collect data and affix samples with a time stamp and GPS coordinates. The accumulated sensor data is saved to a file on the user's phone, which is then examined on a standard computer.

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4

Ai, Jing. "Online module questionnaire /." Leeds : University of Leeds, School of Computer Studies, 2003. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cgi-bin/library/compst.pl?CAT=BSC&FILE=200304/ai.pdf.

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5

Hao, Pingjiao. "Studies of Air Dehydration by Using Hollow Fiber Modules." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1320780921.

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6

Nkomana, Nqaba. "Good governance and democracy as political conditionalities for foreign aid: the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study was an investigation of the relationship between political conditionality and self-determination using Zimbabwe as a case study. The Zimbabwean land issue illustrates the challenges posed by external influences on supposedly autonomous domestic policy decision-making processes.

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7

Yehia, Mohamad Hassan. "Module de communication systèmes de contrôle pneumatiques-électroniques /." Thèse, Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251907731&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=46962&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thèse (M. Ing.)--École de technologie supérieure, Montréal, 2003.
"Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence à l'obtention de la maîtrise en technologie des systèmes". CaQMUQET Bibliogr.: f. [98]-99. Également disponible en version électronique. CaQMUQET

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8

Wang, Hua-Chung. "Development and implementation of air module algorithms for the Future Theater Level Model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA280130.

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9

Wang, Xiaoting. "Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (VHESC) sub-module measurement." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 55 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654493881&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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10

Schultz, Andrew. "Galois module structure of Galois cohomology /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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11

Germeys, Jasper. "Supervision of the Air Loop in the Columbus Module of the International Space Station." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133926.

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Failure detection and isolation (FDI) is essential for reliable operations of complex autonomous systems or other systems where continuous observation or maintenance thereof is either very costly or for any other reason not easily accessible. Beneficial for the model based FDI is that there is no need for fault data to detect and isolate a fault in contrary to design by data clustering. However, it is limited by the accuracy and complexity of the model used. As models grow more complex, or have multiple interconnections, problems with the traditional methods for FDI emerge. The main objective of this thesis is to utilise the automated methodology presented in [Svärd, 2012] to create a model based FDI system for the Columbus air loop. A small but crucial part of the life support on board the European space laboratory Columbus. The process of creating a model based FDI, from creation of the model equations, validation thereof to the design of residuals, test quantities and evaluation logic is handled in this work. Although the latter parts only briefly which leaves room for future work. This work indicate that the methodology presented is capable to create quite decent model based FDI systems even with poor sensor placement and limited information of the actual design. [] Carl Svärd. Methods for Automated Design of Fault Detection and Isolation Systems with Automotive Applications. PhD thesis, Linköping University, Vehicular Systems, The Institute of Technology, 2012

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12

Granat, Jérémie. "Trinity: The OSGi module development server." Zurich : ETH Zurich, Department of Computer Science, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=387.

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13

Lipphardt, Markus. "Prise en compte d'une source ponctuelle dans un modèle régional de pollution atmosphérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10123.

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Ce travail de recherche est axe sur le developpement et la validation d'un modele de panache d'une source ponctuelle afin d'apporter a un modele de qualite de l'air a l'echelle regionale la possibilite d'affiner la prise en compte des sources d'emissions intenses de taille inferieures a la resolution du modele. Dans la modelisation du panache, quatre niveaux de complexite croissante sont etudies. Les modeles de panache sont valides isolement du modele a l'echelle regionale par confrontation aux experiences. Dans les situations etudiees, le modele a couronnes de freiburg et lusis donne de meilleurs resultats mais le calcul est relativement lourd. Le modele profil gaussien avec chimie quelconque est plus rapide et fournit le long de l'axe du panache des resultats comparables a ceux du modele a couronnes. La surelevation du panache est determinee par le modele de netterville. Il utilise des parametres de turbulence et de stabilite de l'atmosphere. Ensuite, un modele de couplage entre la dispersion du panache est la chimie est developpe. Il est integre dans le modele a couronnes. La comparaison entre les resultats de calcul sans et avec prise en compte du couplage montre l'importance de l'effet de la turbulence a petite echelle sur les concentrations moyennes dans un panache chimiquement reactif. Le modele de couplage est confronte aux mesures effectuees en soufflerie par builtjes et il est compare avec le modele de couplage propose par georgopoulos et seinfeld. Dans les deux cas, les comparaisons sont tres satisfaisantes. Puis, le modele du panache est integre dans le modele eulerien de transport/chimie airqual. Le panache est represente par serie de bouffees et l'interface entre airqual et le sous-modele de panache est elaboree de maniere a decrire l'interaction entrer les deux echelles. Enfin, une simulation d'un episode de pollution sur la region parisienne est realisee. Le sous-modele de panache est applique aux emissions de la centrale thermique dans le val de marne. Des calculs d'airqual sans et avec le sous-modele de panache sont effectues. La comparaison montre que la prise en compte des emissions de la source par le sous-modele a une importance tres significative en aval de la source jusqu'a des zones relativement eloignees.

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14

POSTEL, CAROLINE. "Structure et cinetique d'adsorption d'une proteine modele a l'interface eau-air." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066382.

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Le lysozyme est une proteine globulaire modele et soluble ; elle se compose d'un cur hydrophobe et d'une couronne hydrophile. Le but de ce travail est d'etudier l'adsorption du lysozyme a l'interface eau-air ou la proteine forme une couche de gibbs. La conformation de la proteine dans la couche a ete obtenue in situ par reflectivite des rayons x. Lors de la complete denaturation du lysozyme avec uree et dtt, le profil de densite suit une loi d'echelle de type homopolymere. Les profils de densite pour le lysozyme non denature ou partiellement denature avec l'uree sont semblables, mais ne suivent pas la loi d'echelle des homopolymeres ; la difference est neanmoins minime. La densite dans la couche n'est pas uniforme : pour des concentrations comprises entre 7 et 100 g/ml, la quantite adsorbee, 1,74 mg/m 2, est constante et compatible avec la loi de gibbs et les isothermes d'adsorption de la litterature. Lors de la methylation du lysozyme, la quantite de proteine adsorbee diminue d'environ 14%. Grace a une technique complementaire (spectrometrie d'adsorption infrarouge en reflexion - pmirras) nous avons montre que le lysozyme, qui en solution est principalement compose d'helices , presente a l'interface eau-air essentiellement des feuillets. Les structures secondaires et tertiaires du lysozyme adsorbe sont fortement modifies. Nous avons ensuite etudie la cinetique d'adsorption du lysozyme a l'interface eau-air par ellipsometrie sous differentes conditions de ph et de salinite. Aucun phenomene de retard a l'adsorption n'a pu etre mis en evidence. La cinetique aux temps long est dominee par les rearrangements de surface (constante de temps de l'ordre de 400 minutes). La formation de domaines a ete observee a faible concentration seulement par microscopie a l'angle de brewster.

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15

Wijayanti, Indah Emilia. "Coprime modules and comodules." Berlin dissertation.de, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2852321&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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16

Thusi, Thokozani. "Mission impossible? Linking humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa: The case of Mozambique between 1975-1995." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this research is to highlight both the conceptual and practical factors that constrain attempts to link humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa by using the case study of Mozambique in the period between 1975-1995. Extensive use and reference to Norwegian relief and development aid during the above-mentioned period is made. Although cross-reference is made to other donor countries such as the Like-minded Group (comprising of Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland) and UN agencies that supported Mozambique's transition from war to peace, the major focus is on Norway as she has traditionally been the sixth largest bilateral donor by the early 1990's and incorporated long-term development priorities in her programs.

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17

Glazer, Anna. "Evaluation of the ADOM cloud module." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61213.

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The Acid Deposition and Oxidant Model (ADOM) is an Eulerian long-range transport and deposition model. One of the most highly parametrized and least well established parts of the model is the cloud module that describes cloud formation, pollutant scavenging, aqueous-phase chemistry and wet deposition. As a means of gaining insight into the cloud module, results from simulations with the module are compared with the results of simulations for equivalent conditions with a three-dimensional dynamic cloud chemistry model.
Comparisons of results for a variety of initial conditions show that wet-deposition of sulphate, nitrate and ammonium ions tend to be underpredicted by the cloud module and that the pH of the rain is overpredicted. However, the differences are for the most part not large. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide deposited at the surface are significantly smaller in the ADOM module than in the cloud chemistry model. The results of the cloud module do seem to be sensitive to the model cloud top height.

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18

Barrera-Gonzalez, Claudia Patricia. "Testing platform for a low voltage differential signal gigabit communication module." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 53 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342743431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Dinku, Yonatan Minuye. "The Impact of Foreign Aid on Government Fiscal Behaviour: Evidence from Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3239_1277074077.

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The effectiveness of foreign aid in bringing economic and social development is mired in controversy. However, despite the controversial debates on its effectiveness, poor countries of the world have been receiving and using aid as a leverage to relieve themselves from development constraints they faced. Ethiopia is no exception amongst developing countries. Since the time it joined the World Bank group in 1945, foreign capital inflow has remained an important source of revenue for the government. This paper examines the fiscal impact of aid inflow into Ethiopia using time series data for the period 1975-2005. The empirical findings reveal that inflow of foreign aid influences public decision on revenue and expenditure patterns. The result shows that a larger proportion of aid is allocated to capital expenditure and that only a small proportion goes to recurrent expenditure. There is a strong positive association between aid inflow and capital expenditure. The finding also shows that, while a very weak negative association exists between aid and taxation effort, aid and borrowing are used as alternative source of finance.

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20

Russell, Griffith B. "Local-and system-level thermal management of a single level integrated module (SLIM) using synthetic jet actuators." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18908.

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21

Melichárek, Lukáš. "Návrh hardwaru řídícího modulu pro autobusové klimatizace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217241.

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This graduation theses is focus on hardware and software description for control module, which is part of air-condition unit made be company THERMO KING. All circuit connected thought buses like IIC,CAN and display are explain in detail.

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22

Li, Jinxiang. "The European Union relationship to the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries in terms of the Cotonou Agreements: will the economic partnership agreements aid regional integration." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The main purpose of this paper was to explore the role economic partnership agreements play in regional integration. The whole paper was premised on identifying the nature of economic partnership agreements that is conceived as a free trade arrangement. Therefore the paper discussed the feasibility of the reciprocal principle between the European Union and ACP countries, and further indicated that there is no need to implement the principle of reciprocity at present. The paper also discovered that, due to the fact that unequal trade relations between the EU and the ACP countries still exist, the implementation of the EPAs is most likely to generate the complementary but non-competitive trade relations between the EU and the ACP countries. Such a situation could result in the ACP countries over-independence on the EU's market. ACP countries are not expecting to such integration. In addition the paper ascertains that the EPAs themselves could contain the intrinsic negative impacts such as discrimination against the third countries on regional integration.

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Munyanyi, Rachael Mationesa. "The political economy of food aid: a case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8972_1182748616.

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The food security crisis which gripped the sub Sahara Africa after the drought in 1999/2000 threatened development initiatives in these countries. Zimbabwe&rsquo
s situation has since worsened and the country has failed to recuperate from the food problems, even after an improvement in the climatic conditions. International and local food aid activities then became a priority in the fight to sustain the right to food for the affected regions. It is argued in this research that if food aid is distributed on the basis of need it will enable the vulnerable populations recuperate form food insecurity problems. It is also postulated that if well implemented, food aid programmes are also able to play the dual role of averting starvation and leading to long term development. This thesis departs from the allegations of food aid politicisation in Zimbabwe.

Using the rational choice and neopatrimonial theories of individual behaviour, this research endeavored to ascertain whether political decisions influenced the government food aid distributions which were conducted through the Grain Marketing Board. In line with these theories, it is argued in this study that politicians behave in a manner that maximizes the fulfillment of their individual needs rather than the needs of the people who vote them in positions of power.

A qualitative approach was adopted in this study and data was gathered through household interviews in the Seke and Goromonzi districts of the Mashonaland East province in Zimbabwe. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with food aid experts from the governmental and non governmental organisations dealing with food security issues in Zimbabwe.

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Kalanzi, Dunstan. "Prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in subjects with different occlusions using the Helkimo Index." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The controversy surrounding the role of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction led to this study. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and compare the status of signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction in four groups of adolescents and young adults. The groups consisted of 14 persons with normal occlusions, 23 with untreated malocclusions, 20 with malocclusions currently undergoing treatment, and 18 with treated malocclusions. The Helkimo index was used to collect the TMJ dysfunction data. The results showed that the untreated malocclusion group had the most number of persons with signs and symptoms of dysfunction, but the differences between the groups in the distribution of persons according to the anamnestic and clinical dysfunction indices were not statistically significant. There were also no statistically significant differences in the distribution of signs and symptoms between boys and girls. According to anamnesis, the most frequently reported symptoms were joint sounds and headaches or neckaches occurring more than twice a week. Amongst the clinical signs and symptoms, the
most commonly occurring were joint sounds on auscultation and muscle tenderness on palpation. In light of the small study sample and the absence of any substantial differences between the four groups, the role of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in the aetiology of TMJ dysfunction remains obscure.

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Bayingana, Claude. "The prevalence of members of the "red complex" in pregnant women as revealed by PCR and BANA hydrolysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Increased levels of oestrogen and progesterone during pregnancy may lead to periodontal disease. The anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria called red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis and Treponema denticola) are frequently associated with periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens produce toxins and enzymes which can enter the bloodstream and cross the placenta to harm the foetus. The response of the mother&rsquo
s immune system to infection by these periodontopathogens, brings about the release of inflammatory mediators which may trigger preterm labour or result in low birth-weight infants. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of red complex, using BANA and PCR in subginginval plaque samples from pregnant women. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from pregnant women between the ages of 17 to 45 years attending a Mitchells Plain ante-natal clinic. Plaque samples were analyzed by the enzymatic BANA-test for detection of the presence of red complex and DNA was extracted and analyzed using 16 rDNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Seventy-nine percent of pregnant women showed gingival index scores of &ge
1 of which 74.24% harboured by at least one of the members of the red complex. P.gingivalis was the most prevalent of the three members of the red complex. Findings of this study confirmed a need for dental preventive measures in pregnant women and microbial monitoring of suspected periodontopathogenes. This could be achieved by joint cooperation between Maternity Obstetric Units (MOU), Dentistry and oral microbiology departments. The results of this study revealed that although PCR is more sensitive than BANA in detecting members of the red complex, BANA showed a better association with the indices used to diagnose periodontal disease.

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Watermeyer, Jean Margaret. "Human testis angiotensin-converting enzyme: Crystal structure of a glycosylation mutant and investigation of a putative hinge-mechanism by normal mode analysis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme in the regulation of blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin systems. A number of orally active drugs have been developed over the years that target somatic ACE, for the treatment of hypertension, myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. Protein structural information about ACE is an important key for the understanding of the mechanism and substrate-specificity of the enzyme. However, this information has only begun to be elucidated in the past year, with the solution of crystal structures of human testis ACE (tACE), and homologues Drosophila AnCE and human ACE2. tACE is identical to the C-terminal domain of somatic ACE, which consists of two homologous domains, each having a slightly different substrate-specificity. This thesis describes the purification, crystallisation and X-ray crystal structure-determination of a glycosylation-deficient mutant of tACE, tACEG1,3, to 2.9 Å
.

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Kassan, Daksha Gaman. "How can the voice of the child be adequately heard in family law proceedings." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Child participation and the right of children to be heard in matters that directly affect them, including in judicial and administrative matters, is a right that is entrenched in a number of international and regional instruments. This right is also entrenched in the South African Constitution that provides for children to be legally represented, at State expense, in civil proceedings affecting them and this includes divorce proceedings. However, this constitutional right is limited to those circumstances where a substantial injustice would otherwise result should such legal representation not be afforded. This thesis examined how the voices of children can be heard during divorce proceedings and makes recommendations as to when children involved in divorce proceedings should be granted legal representation at State expense.

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Navaratnarajah, Paramalingam Kandasamy. "Child malnutrition mortality at St Barnabas Hospital is high - is it due to practices and attitudes of staff?: a study in a rural district hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The case fatality rate for malnutrition at St Barnabas Hospital over the past years has been around 38%. The rates in other district hospitals in the Eastern Cape province were found to be in excess of 30%. In June 2000, the Eastern Cape Department of Health introduced a protocol for in-patient management of children with severe malnutrition, with the aim of reducing case fatality rate below 10%. St Barnabas Hospital introduced the Eastern Cape protocol in August 2003. An evaluation was done in November 2003 to assess the protocol's impact on the case fatality rate. The rate remained high, at 37.5%. This study descibed the current practices and attitudes of the nurses as St Barnabas Hospital paediatric ward, in the management of severely malnourished childen.

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Rama, Parbavati. "Placing the dead :the spatial distribution and spread of HIV in a major South African city." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to establish a new understanding of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS at the municipal level, but at the same time upholding the anonymity of the HIV infected and AIDS sufferers. Innovative research techniques such as the use of GIS (geographic information systems) as a research tool contributed to disclosing the patterns of the HIV pandemic in the Nelson Mandela Metropole that were not obvious or visible before. GIS involved geographic maps that detect the spatial relationship between HIV prevalence rates and vectors that drive the pandemic.

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Ma, Ying. "Monitoring of heavy metals in the Bottelary River using Typha capensis and Phragmites australis." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this study was to use plants to determine the degree of heavy metal contamination in water and sediments in order to effectively monitor and provide possible recommendation to improve the water quality in the aquatic ecosystem of the Bottelary River.

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Ouma, Steve Odero. "Federalism as a peacemaking device in Sudan's interim national constitution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The focus of this study was on the Interim Constitution adopted on 9 July 2005 by Sudan. The significance of the federal principle both as a peacemaking device and a tool of democratisation was considered. The objective of the study was to provide an informed and well-researched estimation of the potential perils and possibilities for success of Sudan's contemporary constitutional arrangement.

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Ntwiga, Davis Bundi. "Numerical methods for the valuation of financial derivatives." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Numerical methods form an important part of the pricing of financial derivatives and especially in cases where there is no closed form analytical formula. We begin our work with an introduction of the mathematical tools needed in the pricing of financial derivatives. Then, we discuss the assumption of the log-normal returns on stock prices and the stochastic differential equations. These lay the foundation for the derivation of the Black Scholes differential equation, and various Black Scholes formulas are thus obtained. Then, the model is modified to cater for dividend paying stock and for the pricing of options on futures. Multi-period binomial model is very flexible even for the valuation of options that do not have a closed form analytical formula. We consider the pricing of vanilla options both on non dividend and dividend paying stocks. Then show that the model converges to the Black-Scholes value as we increase the number of steps. We discuss the Finite difference methods quite extensively with a focus on the Implicit and Crank-Nicolson methods, and apply these numerical techniques to the pricing of vanilla options. Finally, we compare the convergence of the multi-period binomial model, the Implicit and Crank Nicolson methods to the analytical Black Scholes price of the option. We conclude with the pricing of exotic options with special emphasis on path dependent options. Monte Carlo simulation technique is applied as this method is very versatile in cases where there is no closed form analytical formula. The method is slow and time consuming but very flexible even for multi dimensional problems.

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Nakhwa, Riyas Ahmed. "Structural controls on groundwater flow in the Clanwilliam area." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Deformation of the western part of the Table Mountain Group rocks during the Cape Orogeny created a series of folds and associated fractures. The subsequent continental break-up of Gondwana led to the development of large fault systems. These exert a major influence on deep and shallow groundwater flow. There are 3 main types of structures that are investigated. The geological contacts between hydraulically different lithologies, the primary characteristics of the sediments comprising the main geological units and the secondary structures developed from the tectonic events. These inter-alia include lithological boundaries, bedding and conjugate joints and large faults. Compartmentalisation of the aquifers by lithological and fault boundaries are the main regional level controls on flow in the study area. Joints are important for local control of flow, but cumulatively exert a regional effect as well. These controls exert a strong 3 dimensional impact on flow patterns within the area. Geological cross sections and detailed fieldwork combined with the conceptual models proposed are used to determine groundwater flow and the extent of the flow constraints. There is heterogeneity in the fault characteristics whilst there isconsistence in the impermeable aquitards. These effect boundaries at the base of the aquifer, divide the aquifer into upper and lower units and cap the top of the aquifer. Using water level data, EC and pH an attempt is made to establish patterns created by structures, mainly faults. There appears to be some control of these shown by patterns seen on contour plots of the data. Understanding of the structures can significantly alter the way the available data could be interpreted. The integration of all available data into the conceptual model provides an effective research tool, which opens up further avenues for new approaches and methods for continued research in this area.

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34

Oosthuizen, Janine Dalnet. "The relationship between stress and salutogenic functioning amongst employees in a state owned enterprise." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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&lsquo
Human capital&rsquo
is the buzzword of the 21st century and is becoming the core value of organisations. In South Africa it is estimated that more than R500 million is lost annually through absenteeism and loss of productivity as a result of stress. Employees are key contributors to the bottom-line and should be selected, placed and applied in such a way that the company only benefits from their output. Therefore, if the human element is a crucial element it becomes essential for the organisation to nurture, protect and optimise individuals to their full potential.

There is a fair degree of agreement on the variables that act as organizational stressors, however, studies on stress and salutogenic functioning in a state owned enterprise have not been found. According to the literature, salutogenic factors function as generalised resistance resources and a high score on sense of coherence, as well as an internal locus of control correlates with low scores on stress. The present research has a general aim of exploring the relationship between stress and salutogenic functioning, within a state owned enterprise. The levels of stress were correlated with the presence of high or low levels of sense of coherence and whether the individuals display an internal or an external locus of control. A sample of 240 employees (N=240) was used from the organisation.

The following questionnaires were utilised to measure the range of variables. Levels of stress were measured by the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (WLQ). Whereas the salutogenic construct, sense of coherence was measured by the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) and the second salutogenic construct, locus of control, was measured by the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). The statistical analyses included inferential (correlation, t-test and analysis of variance) and descriptive statistics. The results demonstrated significant relationships between low stress levels, sense of coherence and internal locus of control. As such, salutogenic functioning in terms of sense of coherence and locus of control, had a significant correlation with levels of stress.

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35

Sparrow, Isabel. "An exploratory study of women's experiences and place in the church: a case study of a parish in the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (CPSA), diocese of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This mini-thesis is a small-scale exploratory case study into the experiences of eight mature women members of a particular parish in the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (CPSA) situated in the Diocese of Cape Town. Using qualitative feminist research methodologies, this study sets out to explore how this group of non-ordained women perceives their roles in the church structure. The study examines what initially attracted the participants to this parish and what motivates them, despite the challenges, to continue performing their voluntary licensed and unlicensed roles in the church. It then goes on to consider the contradictory ways in which their roles as individuals, gendered as women, serve to simultaneously reinforce and challenge the patriarchy of the church. In this respect the participants often held conflicting views within themselves, thus demonstrating the complexities surrounding such issues. Upon reflection the researcher acknowledges that, similar to the participants, she also holds contradictory views on some of these issues. The research therefore identifies and explores three main themes in this regard, firstly the reasons why women originally joined the parish church, secondly the ways in which these women are active in the church and lastly the ways in which women&rsquo
s activities simultaneously challenge and reinforce the patriarchy and continued male domination of church.

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36

Scheepers, Louis Adrian. "Professionalisation of local public administration management." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Local government is the sphere of government that is most directly involved in rendering services to communities and individuals. It is also at this sphere of government where the basic needs of people are addressed. Services like water, sanitation, waste removal and electricity have a direct influence on the quality of life that people live. In order for the occupation of local public administration to contribute meaningfully towards rendering services of a high level, both in quantity and quality, it is important to lay down a number of preconditions. In this research report it was argued that for local public administration management to become a profession in the full sense, it will be necessary: to draw well-qualified graduates from tertiary institutions
to develop practitioners in the occupation on a continual basis
to develop minimum performance standards and requisite competencies
to develop standards of ethical conduct acceptable to the community at large, and the occupation as a whole
and to continuously develop knowledge in the science of public administration as it is found in the local sphere of government.

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37

Williams, Samantha. "Socio-economic aspects of the sustainable harvesting of buchu (Agathosma Betulina) with particular emphasis on the Elandskloof community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this thesis was to explore the socio-economic factors that impact on the sustainable harvesting of buchu in the Western Cape of South Africa. Some of the factors that were explored include poverty, natural resource tenure, legislation, and local practices with regard to the harvesting of buchu.

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38

Wildschutt, Phillip Jacobus. "The effect of accumulative physical activity on the fitness and health status of rural school children." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Numerous studies focusing on cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, elevated serum lipids, inactivity and lack of physical fitness prevalent in children highlight the importance of the early diagnosis and prevention of conditions that are associated in adulthood with cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of accumulative physical activity on the fitness profile, blood pressure and body composition in 14-16 year old school children in the Western Cape of South Africa.

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39

Roberts, Roshan Levina. "The relationship between rewards, recognition and motivation at an insurance company in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Increasingly, organisations are realising that they have to establish an equitable balance between the employee&rsquo
s contribution to the organisation and the organisation&rsquo
s contribution to the employee. Establishing this balance is one of the main reasons to reward and recognise employees. Organisations that follow a strategic approach to creating this balance focus on the three main components of a reward system, which includes, compensation, benefits and recognition (Deeprose, 1994). Studies that have been conducted on the topic indicates that the most common problem in organisations today is that they miss the important component of recognition, which is the low-cost, high-return ingredient to a well-balanced reward system. A key focus of recognition is to make employees feel appreciated and valued (Sarvadi, 2005). Research has proven that employees who get recognised tend to have higher self-esteem, more confidence, more willingness to take on new challenges and more eagerness to be innovative (Mason, 2001). The aim of this study is to investigate whether rewards and recognition has an impact on employee motivation. A biographical and Work Motivation Questionnaire was administered to respondents (De Beer, 1987). The sample group (N= 184) consists of male and female employees on post-grade levels 5 to 12. The results of the research indicated that there is a positive relationship between rewards, recognition and motivation. The results also revealed that women, and employees from non-white racial backgrounds experienced lower levels of rewards, recognition and motivation. Future research on the latter issues could yield interesting insights into the different factors that motivate employees. Notwithstanding the insights derived from the current research, results need to be interpreted with caution since a convenience sample was used, thereby restricting the generalisability to the wider population.

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40

Memani, Patience Sandiswa. "A comparative study of the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single-parent families." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2003. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of the research study was to examine the marital attitudes of students from divorced, intact and single parent families. Most of these students were in the intimacy versus isolation developmental phase. During this phase young adults seek to form an intimate relationship with another person, but may fear intimacy or may not want to give up their independence and may experience loneliness and isolation instead. It was thus important to conduct the study since some of the students were at a developmental stage in which they might have been dealing with intimate relationship issues. Given the focus of international studies on the marital attitudes of students from intact and divorced families, it was considered important to include, in the comparison, students from single parent families. A survey research design was used as a broad methodological framework and Bowen's family systems theory was used as a theoretical framework. A convenient sampling method was used to select a sample of 209 participants from the Community and Health Science Faculty. A Marital Attitude Scale and a questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by means of basic descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test, T-Test and Mann Whitney U-Test. Results showed that students&rsquo
parental marital status (married, divorced, single) had no influence on their attitudes towards marriage. Generally, the students showed positive attitudes towardsmarriage. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among different racial groups.

The results suggest that except for race, there was no statistically significant difference on the marital attitudes when compared on such variables as gender, religion and age. Although the marital attitudes of participants were generally positive among the different racial groups, participants from the Black community had less positive marital attitudes when compared with their Coloured, Indian and White counterparts. Participants from the Coloured community also had less positive marital attitudes when compared
to their counterparts from the Indian and White communities. The results of this study show that participants had relative positive attitudes towards marriage and that these attitudes did not differ according to parental status.

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41

Beukes, Cecil Joseph. "The motivation for, and establishment of education management and development centres (EMDCs) in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the motivation for the proposed Education Management Development Centres (EMDCs). It also addresses what improvements to the current system EMDCs are supposed to make and how EMDCs hope to enhance collaboration between the Western Cape Education Department and local schools. It also look at the role of the proposed EMDCs and specifically focus on how they hope to promote better inter-sectoral support between the Western Cape Education Department and local schools.

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42

Chaava, Thebisa Hamukoma. "Skills, training and support for carers in HIV/AIDS community home-based care: a case study of carers in Chikankata, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Zambia has led to the development of innovative ways of coping with sickness related to this infection. HIV/AIDS home-based care is one such innovation designed in Chikankata Hospital in 1987. Home-based care depends on the availability of family members and community volunteers in the provision of care and support for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).

This minithesis is based on a qualitative descriptive case study exploring perspectives regarding skills, supervision and support mechanisms for carers in the Chikankata HIV/AIDS Community-Home Based Care (CHBC) program. The study utilized documented research, focus group discussions with carers and structured interviews with local CHBC supervisors, national experts in CHBC, and PLWHA and their families, to collect data from 32 study participants.

The findings were that CHBC was being delivered by community volunteers with limited involvement from the local health services
that carers were highly motivated, personally and collectively mobilizing resources to meet the needs of CHBC clientele
that local arrangements for training, skills and support of carers were not aligned to national guidelines regarding process, content and duration of programmes
and that carers acquired skills in CHBC through formal and informal training processes and were facing challenges related to inadequate skills, poor infrastructure and extreme poverty in households caring for PLWHA.

Based on the findings the local arrangements for coordination of CHBC need to be strengthened and linked to formal processes for technical support, financial resources and materials for delivery of CHBC in line with existing guidelines on CHBC. The picture of the real situation of the carers that emerges from this qualitative study might inform the supervising organizations and policymakers on the gaps in the training and support of this crucial cadre in the provision of quality care for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at community level.

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43

Cau, Boaventura Manuel. "The role of traditional authorities in rural local governance in Mozambique: case study of the community of Chirindzene." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study is about the place of traditional authorities in local level land administration and rural governance in contemporary Mozambique. It came about as a result of the publication of the Decree 15/2000 that recognised traditional authorities after their abolition more than 20 years earlier. This study seeks to examine four inter-related themes: the role of traditional authorities in local level land administration in Mozambique
why the government recognised traditional authorities in the year 2000 after having abolished them more than 20 years earlier
whether the recognition of hereditary traditional authorities is consistent with principles of democracy
and lastly to investigate whether the practices taking place on the ground are an expression of democracy as envisaged by the country&rsquo
s constitution.

The study is based on documental research on the subject, as well as on fieldwork in the community of Chirindzene, Gaza Province in Southern Mozambique. It argues that generalisations about the role of traditional authorities in local level land administration may be misleading. Drawing from the case study in Chirindzene, it shows that it was only the lowest level of the traditional authority structure (the lineage level) that continued having influence in land allocation and distribution after independence in this area. With regard to the recognition of traditional authorities, the study argues that an appreciation of the changing global context is important to understand this dramatic shift. The study argues that the Decree 15/2000 and its regulations are weakening the democratic experience initiated in 1970s by allowing rural populations be ruled by hereditary rulers who are not elected. For this reason, the rural population does not enjoy full citizenship rights because they are ruled by both elected structures and appointed ones.

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44

Chileshe, Roy Alexander. "Land tenure and rural livelihoods in Zambia: case studies of Kamena and St. Joseph." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study explores how land and natural resources in rural communities are accessed, used, and managed in livelihoods. In particular it examines first, crop field tenure, and livelihoods in natural resources. Second it explores factors that mediate access, use and control of land and natural resources within village communities. Empirical data are explored from two rural village communities of Kamena and St. Joseph located in the Northern and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia respectively. The study argues first that land and natural resource rights underpin land based livelihood activities of rural people, the most important of which are subsistence and cash crop farming, and the gathering and processing of common property resources. Second the thesis argues that land tenure reform impacts on the rural population as a whole and not just on cash crop farmers, and should thus situate the needs of farmers for secure tenure within the wider context of diverse rural household livelihood strategies. The study concludes that social differences (along the axes of wealth, gender and descent), traditional institutions (uxorilocal or virilocal marriage, polygamy, inheritance and succession) and government policy are central in determining access, use and control of land and natural resources in rural livelihoods. It is submitted that, rather than being replaced, customary land tenure, and traditional land administration structures in rural Zambia should be adapted to current social and economic realities in which individuals and households create their multiple livelihoods. Further, it is concluded that land tenure reform is not a sufficient condition for rural livelihood sustainability. Thus complementary agrarian measures to address the vulnerability context of rural households are recommended.

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45

Da, Silva Sandro Cahanda Marinho. "Remote surveillance and face tracking with mobile phones (smart eyes)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This thesis addresses analysis, evaluation and simulation of low complexity face detection algorithms and tracking that could be used on mobile phones. Network access control using face recognition increases the user-friendliness in human-computer interaction. In order to realize a real time system implemented on handheld devices with low computing power, low complexity algorithms for face detection and face tracking are implemented. Skin color detection algorithms and face matching have low implementation complexity suitable for authentication of cellular network services. Novel approaches for reducing the complexities of these algorithms and fast implementation are introduced in this thesis. This includes a fast algorithm for face detection in video sequences, using a skin color model in the HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) color space. It is combined with a Gaussian model of the H and S statistics and adaptive thresholds. These algorithms permit segmentation and detection of multiple faces in thumbnail images. Furthermore we evaluate and compare our results with those of a method implemented in the Chromatic Color space (YCbCr). We also test our test data on face detection method using Convolutional Neural Network architecture to study the suitability of using other approaches besides skin color as the basic feature for face detection. Finally, face tracking is done in 2D color video streams using HSV as the histogram color space. The program is used to compute 3D trajectories for a remote surveillance system.

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46

Behardien, Nashreen. "Oral mucosal and facial manifestations of HIV/AIDS in children (Cape Peninsula, South Africa)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Currently, HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats to child survival in South Africa. It is estimated that approximately 6000 newborn babies become infected with the HIV virus monthly i.e. approximately 200 babies per day. During a 24 month period (October 1999 &ndash
October 2001), a descriptive prevalence study of the oro-facial manifestations affecting HIV-positive children was conducted in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. The study population consisted of 268 vertically infected HIV-positive children. The study was motivated by the lack of data regarding oral mucosal lesions in children with vertically acquired HIV-infection.

The study design was descriptive, and the population included consecutive, vertically infected HIV-positive patients sourced from out-patient clinics, hospital wards and special child-care facilities. The children were examined once consent was obtained from caregivers. The findings were documented using data capturing sheets. The data was captured on the Microsoft Excel program and analysed using the Epi 2000 program. The results indicated that a large proportion of HIV-infected children presented with orofacial manifestations at some stage during the course of HIV-infection. Oro-facial manifestations were observed in 70.1% of the study population. The prevalence of the most commonly observed manifestations were: oral candidiasis, 38.8%
parotid gland enlargement, 10.8%
oral ulceration, 5.6%
molluscum contagiosum, 7.8%
periodontal conditions, 3.4%
and herpes simplex infection, 0.7%.It can be concluded that in this sample of HIV-infected children, the prevalence of orofacial manifestations is higher than, and comparable with the findings of similar studies conducted in other regions of the world.

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47

Combrinck, Theodore Peter. "A pilot emperical investigation into student perceptions of service quality at the Department of Management of the University of the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This pilot research survey was undertaken as a result of the need to assess the service quality within Higher Education in general and the Department of Management at UWC in particular. This report focuses on the complexities of measuring service quality in higher education. The quality of service delivery within education is becoming more important as the competition for students increases.
The literature was searched to find a suitable measure with a sound theoretical structure. This measure was then adapted for the department.

In a preliminary way this instrument was then applied to students in the department and initial results are reported on.
The results revealed that undergraduates overall were uncertain in their attitude to the service quality in the department. On the other hand, postgraduate students tended to rate the service quality rather more negatively (p <
0.004). Furthermore there were no gender differences except for tangibles (p = 000.5).

This pilot study could serve as a pilot study of the service quality in an academic environment. It is the main contention of this report that students themselves should be part of defining quality.

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48

Kotshoba, Sharon Audrey. "The role of Telkom SA Ltd. in the Western Cape: a case study on the management of its retrenchment process." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Nature and Scope of the Study
Constant organisational change can be attributed to many factors, including competition among peers in the same markets, globalisation, privatisation of public sector organisations, technological advances, and operational requirements. These factors almost always lead to organisations reducing headcount. One such organisation is Telkom, which bi-annually embarks on large-scale retrenchments. Service organisations within the company were chosen at random to participate in this study. Telkom&rsquo
s Human Resource Management, Legal Services, Employee Relations, and the organisation&rsquo
s recognised unions participated in this study.

Purpose and Objectives of the Study
Through an evaluation of Telkom&rsquo
s staff reduction process, the study seeks to:
1. Find out what measures Telkom has in place to ease the necessity of retrenchment within the organisation.
2. Review whether Telkom has looked at other alternatives before planning staff reductions.
3. Investigate whether a social plan within Telkom exists to help incorporate retrenched employees back into the economy.
4. Investigate and examine Telkom&rsquo
s compliance with labour legislation, specifically the Labour Relations Act and the Basic Conditions of Employment Act.

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49

Fataar, Mogamad Aslam. "Education policy development in South Africa, 1994-1997." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1999. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Black South Africans have been exposed to an unequal and divided education system. It has been expected that the basis for an equitable education system would be laid in the post apartheid period. In this thesis I have provided an analysis of education policy development in South Africa between May 1994 and mid-1997. My main aim has beento understand the policy vision that the post apartheid state has enacted as the basisfor educational reconstruction.

The conceptual framework of this thesis is located in the academic fields of Education and Development and Policy Sociology. I have focused on the interaction between the broad delimitations set by the structural, economic and political dimensions in society on the one hand, and the political and policy dynamics that have given education policy its specific meaning on the other hand. The role of the government in enacting a specific policy vision has been at the centre of my analysis.

The government has effected a conservative vision with the adoption of the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) macroeconomic strategy. GEAR has targeted the development of an export-based global economy along post fordist lines. Predicated upon an emphasis on fiscal discipline, the dominant policy orientation has supported equity but without an emphasis on redress. This approach has not provided the necessary basis for education reconstruction.

The National Qualifications Framework (NQF) and Outcomes-based education (OBE) embody a definite '/ision in terms of which education policy would be aligned with economic development. This vision is based on the false assumption that education should playa fundamental role in producing the sophisticated labour demands of a globally competitive economy. The logic of both GEAR and the NQF is internally inconsistent and the relationship between these two policy frameworks is unsustainable.

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50

Baddack, Frank. "Lex Mercatoria: scope and application of the law merchant in arbitration." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Arbitration is the preferred method of dispute resolution in international trade. Naturally, a set of rules is necessary to govern the conflict&rsquo
s resolution. For cultural, political, economical or other reasons the parties&rsquo
national laws may not serve the individual interests and needs of that particular contract well. If one wants to avoid the application of both parties&rsquo
national laws, one can choose that the contract be governed by an a-national legal standard, e.g. general principles of International Trade Law or the general usages of a particular trade. These internationally accepted principles of law governing contractual relations are called lex mercatoria (law merchant).

Lex mercatoria already existed in the Middle Ages and can even be dated back to antiquity. Later it disappeared through the nationalization of International Trade Law and was rediscovered in the 1950s, when international traders were again creating their own law and disputes were increasingly resolved outside of the national jurisdictions and applying a-national law. Lex mercatoria is being applied more and more by arbitrators and is therefore becoming increasingly important for dispute resolution in International Trade. Numerous different concepts and theories of lex mercatoria have been developed. Its being an autonomous legal system is questioned by some authors and the doctrine in favour of it called unfounded. The critics also argue that the authority to apply lex mercatoria may be a recipe for amateurism and the substitution of the arbitrator&rsquo
s private preferences for the parties&rsquo
intentions, for itis easy to proclaim common principles on the basis of limited knowledge. The lex mercatoria is said only to exist because scholars talk about it. However, these and other allegations can be refuted by critically analyzing the arguments that are supposed to underline those assumptions. Applying lex mercatoria to solve international trade disputes has many advantages. By choosing lex mercatoria the parties avoid rules which are unfit for international contracts, e.g. peculiar formalities, brief cut-off periods and special difficulties created by domestic laws. In addition to that, neither of the parties has the advantage of having the dispute governed by his own law. Since one of the central rules is the principle of good faith and fair dealing, lex mercatoria neither leads to arbitrary results nor does it favour the rich. Is it possible for the arbitrators to apply lex mercatoria if no law has been chosen by the parties? The failure of the parties to indicate a choice could well mean that they did not wish to have their contract governed by any of their national laws. In some awards arbitrators applied lex mercatoria as they considered the community of international merchants to be autonomous and to exist beyond national legislation. However, it cannot be deduced from the absence of such a choice that the parties have impliedly chosen lex mercatoria to be the law governing the conflict. Lex mercatoria is applicable only as a subsidiary law in cases where no national law has been chosen and seems apt.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Module AIP'

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