Academic literature on the topic 'Moduli TEG'

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Journal articles on the topic "Moduli TEG"

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Akarslan, Emre, Said Mahmut Çınar, Fatih Onur Hocaoğlu, and Fatih Serttaş. "An Experimental Setup Design to Evaluate Power Generation Performances of TECs under Different Temperatures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.473.

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Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) is a semiconductor based device that has ability to separate cold and hot temperatures once the rated voltage is applied. In this study, TECs are used as Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). For this aim an experimental setup is built. By the help of this experimental setup electricity generation performances of the TEC is tested under various temperature conditions. The setup includes two water tanks, loads, TEC modules, computer interface and a data acquisition system. Temperature difference required for electrical generation of the TEC module is provided by filling the tanks with water at different temperatures. A data acquisition system is designed for this specific setup. First the setup with data acquisition system is introduced then experimental results are presented and discussed. Keywords:Electrical energy generation, Thermoelectric Cooler, LabVIEW
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Wang, Ming Yung, Ching Po Lin, and Hsiao Kang Ma. "Investigation of Thermoelectric Power Generation Module on Waste Heat Recovery in a Downdraft Gasifier." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.437.

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In this study, the thermoelectric power generation (TEG) module is used to recover waste heat from a downdraft gasifier. The performance and optimal operating temperature of TEG module are studied at different locations on the surface wall of catalyst reactor. The simulation model of downdraft gasifier is performed by using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), its appropriate for the low-speed, thermally-driven flow simulation with an emphasis on incomplete combustion process. The results demonstrate that the simulation temperature of catalyst reactor surface is around 200°C~300°C which is used to convert heat into electricity by TEG module. In summary, the TEG modulus power per unit area can reach 857W/m2 with temperature difference of 140°C and output power attain at least 2.04kW if TEG modulus is applied on the improved downdraft gasifier system (IDGS).
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Hariyanto, Hariyanto, Mustofa Mustofa, Zuryati Djafar, and Wahyu H. Piarah. "Mathematical Modeling in Combining Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator using a Spectrum Splitter." EPI International Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (2019): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022019.13.

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The experimental stages of converting solar energy into electrical energy in Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator (PV-TEG) hybird ​​takes a long time. Modeling is one approach to find out the initial data before conducting experiments leading to minimize design errors, time and budget. A mathematical model is created to analyze the performance of a PV-TEG hybrid module. Modeling is performed as an electrical circuit equivalent to Kirchoff's Curent Law (KCL) by deriving several equations corresponding to the characteristics of each module. Type of PV is amorphous Silicon (a-Si), while TEG is Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3). The AM1.5D standard solar spectrum is splitted its wavelength spectrum using hot mirror, where the wavelengths of 400-690 nm are transmitted to PV and 690-1150 nm are reflected to TEG. All of PV-TEG hybrid parameters, for example intensity, temperature, and material property are obtained from the specification data of each module. As a results, the maximum total power is 0.0437 W with 5.1% its efficiency.
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Thimmareddygari, Somesh Reddy, Ankit Sonthalia, and C. Ramesh Kumar. "Performance Analysis of Single Module Thermoelectric Generator." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1625.

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The need of energy is increasing enormously day by day and presently it is being fulfilled mostly by depleting energy resources like coal and petroleum based fuels. This situation pushes mankind to search for novel green technologies which can convert efficiently even low grade heat energy into useful energy. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) promises to be clear technology to generate electricity. TEG uses temperature gradient between source and sink to generate electricity. In this study, performance of commercially available thermoelectric module was studied using a specially designed cross flow heat exchanger. The heat exchanger was optimized previously using commercially available CFD package Ansys CFX. The efficiency of thermoelectric module was calculated by taking figure of merit and Carnot efficiency into consideration. The results indicate that the commercially available TEG used in this study, which is made of Bismuth Telluride performs efficiently at higher temperature difference and value of figure of merit is around one at maximum efficiency.
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Jou, Rong Yuan. "Modeling Methodologies and Applications of Thermoelectric Modules." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1129.

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Thermoelectric coolers and generators are often used as reliable energy converters in a variety of applications. For design considerations, it is investable to establish an effective methodology to simulate the TEC/TEG performance within the cooling/generating system constraints. For this purpose, firstly, three approaches are established to find the internal parameters of a given thermoelectric module. For these procedures, simulated pumping powers are in the sequence of method III < method II < method I for each temperature difference conditions. Hence, the good estimation way of the simulated data is by averaging the results of these three methods. Finally, the design approach is implemented to freezing chuck designs. Temperature distributions on the top surface of chuck are measured by experiments for comparisons. It shows that the established TEC model is applicable to obtain accuracy temperature fields for the purpose of freezing chuck design.
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Montero, Francisco, Mario Di Capua, and Amador Guzmán. "Analytical and numerical analysis of a solar thermoelectric system cooled by an active system." MRS Advances 3, no. 24 (2018): 1347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.52.

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ABSTRACTA solar thermoelectric generator (STEG) system composed of an optical concentrator system (OPS), a Bismuth Telluride thermoelectric module (TEG), and a cold plate-based cooling system (CPCS) was numerically simulated, to measure the efficiency of electric generation of a commercial thermoelectric module under controlled temperatures. The OPS is composed by a Fresnel lens that allows a temperature of around 200 °C, the OPS works with a solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2 (AM 1.5 Reference) and an optical concentration of 60. The OPS is coupled to the hot side of the TEG that consists of a commercially available thermoelectric module. The CPCS maintains a temperature of around 50 °C on the cold side of the TEG. To evaluate the configuration, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was carried out to evaluated the thermal performance of the CPCS and the temperature achieved on the upper surface of the cooling device. Based on the numerical results generated by the CFD analysis, an analytical TEG efficiency of around 5% was achieved when a temperature difference, between the hot and cold sides of the commercial TE module, of 150 °C was maintained. We perform an analysis using the Hogan and Shih model that uses the thermoelectric material properties exposed by Chen et al.
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N, Kanagaraj. "Photovoltaic and Thermoelectric Generator Combined Hybrid Energy System with an Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Higher Energy Conversion Efficiency." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063144.

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In this paper, the design and performance investigation of the hybrid photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator (PV–TEG) system with an enhanced fractional order fuzzy logic controller (FOFLC)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is presented. A control strategy of the variable incremental conduction (INC) method is employed using FOFLC for the MPPT control technique to efficiently harvest the maximum power from the PV module. The fractional factor α used in the MPPT control algorithm is a supporting fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for the accurate tracking of the maximum power point (MPP) and to maintain the constant output after reaching the MPP. In the proposed system configuration, the TEG is mounted with the PV panel for generating the extra electrical power using the waste heat energy produced on the PV panel due to the incident solar irradiation. The PV and TEG are connected electrically in series to increase output voltage level and thereby improve the power output. The hybrid energy module has better energy conversion efficiency when compared to the standalone PV array. The performance of the proposed MPPT technique is studied for the PV–TEG hybrid energy module under various thermal and electrical operating conditions using a MATLAB software-based simulation. The results of the FOFLC-based MPPT technique are compared with the conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and FLC-based P&O methods. The proposed MPPT technique confirms its effectiveness in extracting the maximum power in terms of speed and accuracy. Moreover, the PV and TEG combined system provides higher energy efficiency than the individual PV module.
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Li, Xinxi, Zhaoda Zhong, Jinghai Luo, et al. "Experimental Investigation on a Thermoelectric Cooler for Thermal Management of a Lithium-Ion Battery Module." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (February 11, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3725364.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) powered by lithium batteries, which are a promising type of green transportation, have attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, a thermoelectric generator (TEG) coupled with forced convection (F-C) was designed as an effective and feasible cooling system for a battery thermal management system. A comparison of natural convection cooling, F-C cooling, and TEG cooling reveals that the TEG is the best cooling system. Specifically, this system can decrease the temperature by 16.44% at the discharge rate of 3C. The coupled TEG and F-C cooling system can significantly control temperature at a relatively high discharge rate. This system not only can decrease the temperature of the battery module promptly but also can reduce the energy consumption compared with the two other TEG-based cooling systems. These results are expected to supply an effective basis of the design and optimization of battery thermal management systems to improve the reliability and safety performance of EVs.
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Zou, Jiapu, Zihua Wu, Anbang Liu, Shi Feng, and Huaqing Xie. "Effect of cooling condition on the performance of thermoelectric power generation system coupling with phase change material module." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200621160z.

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In this study, a thermoelectric power generation (TEG) system coupling with phase change material (PCM) module for thermal control and storage has been fabricated. Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) TEG devices were applied to convert heat into electricity and Sn-Ag-In alloy PCM was employed for heat storage. A cooling channel with pure water and graphene nanofluids as heat exchange media was attached tightly with the cold-sides of the TEG devices. The effects of the flow rate of cooling water and the mass fraction of graphene nanofluids on the heat transfer process and the performance of the as fabricated TEG-PCM coupling system have been investigated. It is found that increasing the heat exchange capability of the cooling channel would help the PCM module to enhance the heat absorption and utilization of thermal energy from heat source, which in turn brings about the improvement of efficiency of TEG system. The output voltage of TEG system by using pure water for cooling is improved by 6.6%-13.1% with the acceleration of flow rate. Using graphene nanofluids as heat exchange media, the TEG system could achieve 7.2%-18.5% enhancement in outputvoltage with an increase in the mass fraction of the used nanofluid.
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Afghan, Syeda Adila, and Husi Géza. "Modelling and Analysis of Energy Harvesting in Internet of Things (IoT): Characterization of a Thermal Energy Harvesting Circuit for IoT based Applications with LTC3108." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203873.

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This paper presents a simulation-based study for characterizing and analyzing the performance of a commercially available thermoelectric cooler (TEC) as a generator for harvesting heat energy along with a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) power management integrated circuit (PMIC); LTC3108. In this model, the transformation of heat was considered in terms of an electrical circuit simulation perspective, where temperature experienced by TEC on both cold and hot sides was incorporated with voltage supply as Vth and Vtc in the circuit. When it comes to modeling a system in a simulation program with an integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) like environment, the selection of thermoelectric generator (TEG) and extraction methods are not straightforward as well as the lack of information from manufacturer’s datasheets can limit the grip over the analysis parameters of the module. Therefore, it is mandatory to create a prototype before implementing it over a physical system for energy harvesting circuit (EHC) optimization. The major goal was to establish the basis for devising the thermal energy scavenging based Internet of Things (IoT) system with two configurations of voltage settings for the same TEG model. This study measured the data in terms of current, voltage, series of resistive loads and various temperature gradients for generating the required power. These generated power levels from EHC prototype were able to sustain the available IoT component’s power requirement, hence it could be considered for the implementation of IoT based applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moduli TEG"

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Turchi, Andrea. "Progettazione e sperimentazione di un sistema di cogenerazione statica di energia elettrica tramite celle ad effetto Seebeck." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10263/.

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Il tema della presente tesi è lo studio di progettazione e sperimentazione di un generatore termoelettrico, privo di parti in movimento, sfruttando il fenomeno dell’effetto Seebeck. La prima parte offre una panoramica introduttiva riguardo i moduli TEG e i loro possibili campi di applicazione. La seconda parte riassume le equazioni fisiche alla base del fenomeno e lo stato dell’arte della generazione termoelettrica, focalizzando l’attenzione sulle caldaie a biomassa. Nella terza parte è analizzato il procedimento progettuale dell’impianto. Partendo da un analisi comparativa di soluzioni esistenti e dall’obbiettivo di ottenere la massima efficienza dei moduli TEG si è arrivati alla determinazione dei vincoli dimensionali dei componenti direttamente interessati da scambi termodinamici. La quarta parte illustra la struttura del prototipo finale dedicato al laboratorio, la sua messa in servizio e il primo collaudo dell’impianto. I risultati ottenuti dai test sono il primo passo verso l’ottimizzazione del generatore termoelettrico che potrà quindi essere studio di un’interessante campagna sperimentale.
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Hendricks, Rahzia. "The use of in vitro assays to screen for endocrine modulation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5859_1259070342.

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<p>&nbsp<br></p> <p align="left"><font face="Times New Roman">Aspalathus linearis (A. linearis), </font><font face="Times New Roman">commonly known as Rooibos tea or Red bush tea and </font><i><font face="Times New Roman">amellia sinensis (C. sinensis) </font></i><font face="Times New Roman">or Black tea are beverages that are consumed throughout the</font><font face="Times New Roman">world. These teas possess antioxidant, immunomodulating and anti-cancer actions. The aim</font> <font face="Times New Roman">of this study was to use <i>in vitro </i>assays to screen Rooibos and Black tea for endocrine</font> <font face="Times New Roman">modulation. </font><font face="Times New Roman">The immune modulating effects of Rooibos and Black tea were investigated using an <i>in vitro</i></font> <font face="Times New Roman">whole blood culture (WBC) assay. Unstimulated WBCs treated with Rooibos tea secreted</font> <font face="Times New Roman">higher levels of IL-6, IL-10 and IFN<font lang="JA">&gamma<br></font>than cultures treated with DMSO control. Rooibos treatment of stimulated WBCs resulted in higher IL-6, lower IL-10 and no effect on IFN&gamma<br></font><font face="Times New Roman">secretion compared to DMSO treated stimulated WBC. Black tea treatment of stimulated</font> <font face="Times New Roman">WBC resulted in decreased IL-6, IL-10 and IFN<font lang="JA">&gamma<br></font>secretion compared to the DMSO treated</font> <font face="Times New Roman">stimulated WBC. </font><font face="Times New Roman">Extracts of Rooibos and Black tea were assessed for phytoestrogens using quantitative </font><font face="Times New Roman">estrogen ELISAs. Both teas contain phytoestrogens. The quantitative ELISAs showed that </font><font face="Times New Roman">Rooibos tea contained significantly lower estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) levels </font><font face="Times New Roman">than Black tea. The effects of Rooibos and Black tea on proliferation of the estrogen</font> <font face="Times New Roman">dependant MCF-7 cell line was determined to further characterise the phytoestrogenic</font> <font face="Times New Roman">properties of the teas. Both Rooibos and Black tea extracts caused a significant inhibition of</font> <font face="Times New Roman">MCF-7 proliferation. </font><font face="Times New Roman">This study shows that Rooibos tea and Black tea are beverages that can either stimulate or </font><font face="Times New Roman">suppress the immune system. Also, both teas contain significant levels of phytoestrogens as </font><font face="Times New Roman">determined by quantitative ELISAs. The current study confirms previous reports showing </font><font face="Times New Roman">inhibition of growth in breast cancer cell lines by phytoestrogens. The findings extend </font><font face="Times New Roman">related observations on the anti-carcinogenic potential of the two teas.</font></p>
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Thompson, Megan Elizabeth Dove. "Fabrication and Testing of a Heat Exchanger Module for Thermoelectric Power Generation in an Automobile Exhaust System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19233.

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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are currently a topic of interest in the field of energy harvesting for automobiles. In applying TEGs to the outside of the exhaust tailpipe of a vehicle, the difference in temperature between the hot exhaust gases and the automobile coolant can be used to generate a small amount of electrical power to be used in the vehicle. The amount of power is anticipated to be a few hundred watts based on the temperatures expected and the properties of the materials for the TEG. <br />This study focuses on developing efficient heat exchanger modules for the cold side of the TEG through the analysis of experimental data. The experimental set up mimics conditions that were previously used in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. This model tested several different geometries of cold side sections for the heat exchanger at standard coolant and exhaust temperatures for a typical car. The test section uses the same temperatures as the CFD model, but the geometry is a 1/5th scaled down model compared to an full-size engine and was fabricated using a metal-based rapid prototyping process. The temperatures from the CFD model are validated through thermocouple measurements, which provide the distribution of the temperatures across the TEG. All of these measurements are compared to the CFD model for trends and temperatures to ensure that the model is accurate. Two cold side geometries, a baseline geometry and an impingement geometry, are compared to determine which will produce the greater temperature gradient across the TEG.<br>Master of Science
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Wanjau, Caroline. "Influence of a bleaching agent on stained direct composite resins." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7590_1260255840.

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Offenbacher, Carolina, and Ellen Thornström. "Ionospheric Models for GNSS Measurements." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277711.

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There is an increasing demand for higher precision when using Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS, for positioning. The measurement uncertainty depends on multiple factors and one of them is the ionosphere. Due to the ionosphere being ionized and contains free electrons, satellite signals that propagates the ionosphere will be affected by the total electron content, TEC. There is no way to reduce the errors caused by the ionosphere for single frequency measuring, but it can be done for dual frequencies. The objective for this study was to compare different websites modeling results for disturbance on ground and ionospheric turbulence. Three websites were used in the comparison: Swedish SWEPOS, Norwegian seSolstorm and German IMPC. Due to different content on the websites, SWEPOS was compared with seSolstorm and IMPC was compared to seSolstorm on five different dates. In total 10 comparisons were made. The websites were evaluated on four criteria, designed from the point of view of a land surveyor: user friendliness, graphical representation, knowledge requirement and mobile website adaptation. Each criterion was graded on a scale from 1–5, where 5 was considered the best. The study showed that the modeling results from the websites differed and that the difference can not only be explained by different graphical representation or scales for measure. The results for the evaluation and grading of the websites where as follows: SWEPOS 16, seSolstorm 13 and IMPC 12. This makes SWEPOS the best suited website to use for a land surveyor.<br>Vid positionsbestämning finns det ett behov av högre precision vid användandet av Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS. Mätosäkerheten beror av ett flertal faktorer och en av dem är jonosfären. Tack vare att jonosfären är joniserad och innehåller fria elektroner kommer satellitsignaler som färdas genom jonosfären att påverkas av det totala elektroninnehållet, TEC. Det finns idag inget sätt för enkel frekvensmätning att eliminera den mätosäkerhet som uppstår till följd av jonosfäriska störningar, däremot är det möjligt att modellera för dessa störningar då två frekvenser används. Målet för denna studie var att jämföra olika webbplatsers modelleringsresultat för störningar på marknivå och för jonosfärisk turbulens. Tre webbplatser användes i jämförelsen: svenska SWEPOS, norska seSolstorm och tyska IMPC. På grund av att hemsidorna hade olika innehåll gällande modelleringar jämfördes SWEPOS med seSolstorm, medan IMPC jämfördes med seSolstorm. Totalt gjordes 10 jämförelser för fem olika datum. Webbplatserna utvärderades utifrån fyra kriterier vilka var utformade utifrån en mätteknikers synvinkel: användarvänlighet, grafisk representation, kunskapsbehov och mobil webbplatsanpassning. Varje kriterium betygsattes på en skala från 1–5, där 5 ansågs vara det bästa. Studien visade att modelleringsresultaten från webbplatserna skilde sig åt och att skillnaden inte kunde förklaras med olika grafiska framställningar eller skalstorlek. Resultaten för utvärdering och betygsättning av webbplatserna var följande: SWEPOS 16, seSolstorm 13 och IMPC 12. Detta gjorde SWEPOS till den bäst lämpade webbplatsen att använda för en mättekniker.
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JOE, MIJEOM. "Stage-Structured Tag-Return and Capture-Recapture Models." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010412-160147.

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<p><P> Ecologists and conservation biologists have had an increasing interest in landscapeecology, fragmentation and meta-population structures and dynamics for endangered or threatened species of wildlife (Nichols et al. 1992).They have realized the need for parameter estimates to use in the multi-state models;and have tried estimation of transitionprobabilities among stages using tag-return and capture-recapture models. Thesetransition probabilities are composed of survival and movement rates andcan only be estimated separately when an additional assumption is made(Brownie et al. 1993) that movement occurs at the end of theinterval between time + 1.We generalize this workto allow different movement patterns in the intervalfor multiple tag-recovery and capture-recapture experiments.<P><P> With methods of separating survival and movement rates in multi-state tag-return and capture-recapture models,we develop multi-state fishery tag return models with potential forfisheries that have multiple sites or patches with movement possible between sites. We build on models developed by Brownie et al. (1985), Pollock et al. (1991, 1995), Hoenig et al. (1998 a, b), and Hearn et al. (1998) on twice-a-year tagging for single state models.These methods allow the estimation of patch-specific natural and fishingmortality rates and movement rates between patches. <P><P> We then develop multi-state fishery tag-return and capture-recapture models with potential forfisheries that have multiple sites or patches withmovement possible between sites when taggingtakes place twice a year.These methods allow the estimation of patch-specific reporting, natural and fishing mortality rates, and movement rates between patcheswith movement time following a uniform distribution for two special cases: (1) a two-site tag-return fisheries model;(2) a two-site model with capture-recapture catch and releasesampling in a marine reserve closed to regular fishing and the more usual tag-return sampling in the fishery area, since marine reserves which provide a refuge from fishing are gaining in popularity as a tool of fisheries management, but their effectiveness needs to beevaluated. We present small simulation studies andcompare the Relative Bias and Relative Standard Errors (RES) of estimatesas well as the correlations between estimates.<P><P>
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Coogle, John J. "Applying Hierarchical Tag-Topic Models to Stack Overflow." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5713.

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Stack Overflow is a question and answer site for programming questions. It has become one of the most widely used resources for programmers, with many programmers accessing the site multiple times per day. A threat to the continued success of Stack Overflow is the ability to efficiently search the site. Existing research suggests that the inability to find certain questions results inunanswered questions, long delays in answering questions, or questions which are unable to be found by future visitors to the site. Further research suggests that questions with poor tag quality are particularly vulnerable to these issues.In this thesis, two approaches are considered for improving tag quality and search efficiency: automatic tag recommendations for question authors, and organizing the existing set of tags in a hierarchy from general to specific for Stack Overflow readers. A hierarchical organization is proposed for it's ability to assist exploratory searches of the site.L2H, a hierarchical tag topic model, is a particularly interesting solution to these approaches because it can address both approaches with the same model. L2H is evaluated in detail on several proposed evaluation criteria to gauge it's fitness for addressing these search challenges on Stack Overflow.
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Opuwari, Chinyerum Sylvia. "Effect of tea and herbal infusions on mammalian reproduction and fertility." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9358_1380809535.

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<p>Camellia sinensis (tea) and Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) may improve reproductive function owing to their antioxidant properties. To test this<br /> hypothesis, male and female rats were given 2% and 5% green tea (Gt), black tea (Bt), unfermented rooibos (Ur) or fermented rooibos (Fr) as sole source of drinking for 52 and 21 days respectively. Control rats received tap water. In addition, TM3 Leydig cells were exposed to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 % aqueous extracts of green tea, black tea, unfermented and fermented rooibos for 24h. In vitro analysis of tea and the herbal infusion revealed the phenolic property and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in the order Gt &gt<br>Bt &gt<br>Ur &gt<br>Fr. Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis revealed no significant effect on serum antioxidant capacity (p &gt<br>0.05) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the kidney or liver in both male and female rats and in the testes of the male rats (p &gt<br>0.05). In addition, the antioxidant levels were maintained in the testes, liver and kidneys in both the male and female rats. In the male rats, no significant alterations were observed in body weight gain, liver and reproductive organs weight, and serum testosterone (p &gt<br>0.05). Only, 5% green tea significantly increased testosterone level (p &lt<br>0.05). Seminiferous tubules displayed complete spermatogenesis with abundant sperm in the lumen in all treated groups. However, a significant decrease in diameter and germinal epithelial height of these tubules were observed (p &lt<br>0.05). In the epididymides, epithelial height of caput region showed a significant increase (p &lt<br>0.01), while the cauda region was increased by Camellia sinensis but decreased by Aspalathus linearis. Sperm concentration improved significantly by green tea and unfermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05), while black tea and fermented rooibos produced a non significant effect (p &gt<br>0.05). Sperm viability was enhanced in all treatment groups (p &lt<br>0.05). Furthermore, green tea, black tea and unfermented rooibos significantly improved the motility of rat sperm (p &lt<br>0.05)<br>fermented rooibos tended to improve it (p &gt<br>0.05). In addition, green tea, black tea and fermented rooibos enhanced acrosome reaction (p &lt<br>0.05). Creatinine activity was significantly higher in rats treated with black tea, unfermented rooibos or fermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05), green tea tended to increase it (p &gt<br>0.05) reflecting the significant increased kidney weight in the treatment groups at high concentrations. Liver markers, ALT and AST, decreased significantly in all treated groups (p &lt<br>0.05), except in 5% fermented rooibos where a significant increase in AST level was observed (p &lt<br>0.01). In the female rats, the body weight gain, and reproductive organs weight was no affected (p &gt<br>0.05). However, 5% fermented rooibos reduced the ovarian weight (p &lt<br>0.05), while 5% unfermented rooibos significantly increased the uterine weight (p &lt<br>0.05). Liver weight increased significantly by black tea and unfermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05) while the kidney weight increased significantly by 5% black tea (p &lt<br>0.05). No significant effect was observed in the level of FSH produced, on the other hand, Camellia sinensis significantly lowered the level of LH (p &lt<br>0.05), while Aspalathus linearis had no effect (p &gt<br>0.05). Creatinine activity was enhanced significantly only by 5% fermented rooibos (p &lt<br>0.05). Liver markers, ALT and AST were reduced in most treated groups except in fermented rooibos where an increase was observed. In addition, histological sections revealed no obvious alteration in the ovaries, uteri, kidneys and liver of all treated female rats. Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis significantly reduced the level of testosterone produced in TM3 Leydig cells under stimulated conditions in vitro (p&lt<br>0.05). Furthermore, both plants maintained the viability and morphology of the cells. However, at 0.5% of either plant extracts, a significant decrease in the viability (p &lt<br>0.05) and altered morphology of the TM3 Leydig cells was observed. In conclusion, Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis significantly improved certain sperm function which might be attributed to their high level of antioxidant activity. However, the prolonged exposure of both plant extracts might result in subtle structural changes in the male reproductive system and impair kidney function. In addition, fermented rooibos at high concentration may also impair the functions of the liver. In vitro, both plants were shown to possess anti-androgenic property on TM3 Leydig cells. Furthermore, both Camellia sinensis and Aspalathus linearis may be classified as weak phytoestrogens due to the changes in the weight of the uterus and ovaries observed.</p>
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Schrinner, Martin. "Mean-field view on geodynamo models." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2005/schrinner.

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Pillay, Sarosha. "Exploring the sensory compatibility of ten children with autism and their mothers." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1658_1272845563.

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<p>Children with autism typically present with sensory processing difficulties that affect their ability to relate to people. This qualitative study focused on exploring the sensory processing of children with autism and their mothers, using a frame of reference of sensory integration theory. The purpose of the study was to help mothers gain knowledge and understanding into their own sensory processing so that they could develop a better understanding of their child&rsquo<br>s sensory processing in order to facilitate better mother-child relationships. An evaluation tool, the Sensory Profiles by Dunn (1999) and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile by Brown &amp<br>Dunn (2002) was used as the instrument for gathering information on sensory processing. The population consisted of ten sets of mothers and their children with autism who attend Vera School for Learners with Autism. The Sensory&nbsp<br>rofiles was completed to investigate the phenomenological issues regarding the sensory modulation aspects of the parent-child relationship. Each mother received individual feedback on their own and their child&rsquo<br>s sensory processing. Two focus groups were then conducted with the mothers to determine the value of the information gained from the&nbsp<br>rofiles. Data consisted of two audio taped feedback from the focus group. Data was analysed for emerging themes. The three major themes that emerged were, (a) You realize&nbsp<br>ow similar you are to your child, (b) I also have needs (c) They walk away and leave you with this wreck of a child. The findings of the study suggest that an understanding of&nbsp<br>ensory processing can influence the mother-child relationship positively.</p>
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Books on the topic "Moduli TEG"

1

Tada, Minoru. Ryokucha jukyū no keiryō keizai bunseki. Nōrin Suisanshō Nōgyō Kenkyū Sentā, 1993.

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Geometricheskie modeli sloistykh tel i kartirovanie slozhnodislot͡s︡irovannykh tolshch putem interpoli͡a︡t͡s︡ii ėlementov zaleganii͡a︡: Metodicheskie rekomendat͡s︡ii. SVKNII DVO AN SSSR, 1988.

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Samand, Quazi Abdus. An Econometric model for the world market of tea. Haag + Cherchen, 1987.

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Akiyama, T. A new global tea model: Specification, estimation, and simulation. World Bank, 1987.

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Belot︠s︡erkovskiĭ, O. M. Trekhmernoe otryvnoe obtekanie tel proizvolʹnoĭ formy. T︠S︡entralʹnyĭ aėrogidrodinamicheskiĭ in-t im. prof. N.E. Zhukovskogo (T︠S︡AGI), 2000.

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Modelirovanie sistem svi͡a︡zannykh tel. Izd-vo "Nauka," Glav. red. fiziko-matematicheskoĭ lit-ry, 1993.

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Morarʹ, G. A. Metod razryvnykh resheniĭ v mekhanike deformiruemykh tel. "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1990.

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Kli͡ava, I͡A G. ĖPR-spektroskopii͡a neupori͡adochennykh tverdykh tel. "Zinatne", 1988.

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Predelʹnyĭ analiz plasticheskikh tel i konstrukt͡siĭ. Nauka, Fizmatlit, 1997.

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Poplar, Michael G. Fumble!: The Browns, Modell, and the move : an insider's story. Cleveland Landmarks Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Moduli TEG"

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Rendle, Steffen. "Tag Recommendation." In Context-Aware Ranking with Factorization Models. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16898-7_7.

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Fischer, Bob. "TEM and Modal Skepticism." In Modal Justification via Theories. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49127-1_5.

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Fischer, Bob. "TEM and the Theoretical Virtues." In Modal Justification via Theories. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49127-1_7.

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Schumann, Holger, and Axel Berres. "Modellbasierter Systementwurf mit dem PrEMISE-Modell." In Tag des Systems Engineering. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446434059.004.

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Zeytounian, Radyadour Kh. "Ten Years in Armenia." In Five Decades of Tackling Models for Stiff Fluid Dynamics Problems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39541-3_1.

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Giess, Karsten, Lorenzo Guerrasio, and Christian Friedrich. "Testautomatisierung im regulierten Umfeld orientiert am V-Modell." In Tag des Systems Engineering. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446439467.004.

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Iachello, F. "Algebraic Models of Hadrons." In Particle Production Spanning MeV and TeV Energies. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4126-0_9.

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Möhringer, Stefan. "Systems Engineering im Mittelstand – ein flexibles Modell zur Rollenverteilung: Praxiserfahrungen aus Entwicklungsprojekten." In Tag des Systems Engineering. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446436039.002.

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Götz, Adriana, and Christian Donges. "Automatisierter Übergang vom dokumenten- zum modell-zentrierten Requirements Engineering als Ausgangsbasis für MBSE." In Tag des Systems Engineering. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446451414.029.

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Peng, Rui, Yan-Fu Li, and Yu Liu. "TEF Dependent Software FDP and FCP Models." In Software Fault Detection and Correction: Modeling and Applications. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1162-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Moduli TEG"

1

Dove, Megan, Jaideep Pandit, Srinath Ekkad, and Scott Huxtable. "Experimental Validation of Temperature Distributions Across a Heat Exchanger for a Thermoelectric Generator." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88282.

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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are currently a topic of interest in the field of energy harvesting for automobiles. In applying TEGs to the outside of the exhaust tailpipe of a vehicle, the difference in temperature between the hot exhaust gases and the automobile coolant can be used to generate a small amount of electrical power to be used in the vehicle. The amount of power is anticipated to be a few hundred watts based on the temperatures expected and the properties of the materials for the TEG. This study focuses on developing efficient heat exchanger modules in order to maximize the power generation for a given vehicle and TEG. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model run by the authors has provided performance predictions for various cases on the cooling side of the heat exchanger. This paper discusses the setup and results of the experimental validation for the CFD model for the proposed TEG heat exchanger module.
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Najafi, Hamidreza, and Keith Woodbury. "Modeling and Analysis of a Combined Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Power Generation System." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91330.

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In the present paper, the possibility of using thermoelectric power generator modules (TEGs) to convert the heat generated by the photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collector into electricity is investigated. A comprehensive heat transfer model for the combined PVT-TEG system is developed via MATLAB and simulated under different conditions. The hot side of the TEG module is considered connected to the top of the air channel which is attached to the backside of the solar panel and the cold side is cooled down by air flow through the air channel under the PV panel. The TEG modules convert the temperature gradient to electricity and generates extra power from the excess heat which results in higher total efficiency. The effect of using combined PVT-TEG on total generated power under different levels of irradiation is presented and discussed.
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Tewolde, Mahder, Chih Chieh Lin, He Tao, et al. "Sensors for Small Modular Reactors Powered by Thermoelectric Generators." In ASME 2014 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2014-3371.

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The aim of this work is to develop thermoelectrically powered sensing and actuating devices for normal and off-normal conditions in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). This is realized using thermoelectric generators (TEGs) placed on key reactor components such as pipes, pump housings, heat exchangers or reactor vessels to capture waste heat and produce usable electric power. The electrical power generated is used to drive sensors, signal conditioning, and wireless communication to relay critical plant information to operators and emergency crew. Surplus power can be stored in batteries and/or super capacitors for actuation and other high-current, short-duration power needs. A review of key SMR reactor types and candidate locations for installing these devices is presented. The design and manufacturing process of an integrated TEG assembly that attaches to a schedule 40 steam pipe and preliminary test data of the system from an installation performed on a conventionally-fueled cogeneration power plant located on site are presented. The nominal pipe temperature is 350°C, and the assembly is designed to reduce the temperature to 230°C on the hot side of the TEG. A cold side temperature of 70°C was obtained using a large heat sink cooled by natural convection to the ambient. Designs for an enclosure system are also presented to protect the electrical components from fire and radiation.
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Becker, Katrin, José D. Edelstein, Nicolás Grandi, Carmen Núñez, and Martin Schvellinger. "Moduli Stabilization and String Geometry." In TEN YEARS OF ADS∕CFT. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2972013.

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Indrasari, Widyaningrum, Habiburosid, and Riser Fahdiran. "Characterization of hybrid solar panel prototype using PV-TEG module." In THE 8TH NATIONAL PHYSICS SEMINAR 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5132678.

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Arifeen, Shams U., Victor Wolemiwa, Dominic Nwoke, et al. "Finite Element Analysis and Fatigue Life Prediction of an Aluminum Alloy Braze for High Temperature Thermoelectric Generator Package Assembly." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38829.

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Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are solid state devices that convert thermal energy into electrical energy using the Seebeck effect. They can be used for energy harvesting in trucks and passenger vehicles by taking advantage of the temperature difference between the exhaust pipes and ambient environment. The key issue with thermoelectric devices today is the demand for increased operating temperatures while maintaining adequate reliability and low cost. Since, TEGs are subjected to sub-critical thermal cyclic loading, ensuring satisfactory reliability is important for commercially viable products. TEGs used in passenger vehicles should be able to withstand extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature, shock and mechanical vibration [1]. Since the operating temperatures of TEGs can reach temperatures higher than 500 °C, aluminum brazes offer a good high temperature solution for die attach applications. The thermoelectric materials of TEGs are prone to oxidation and sublimation. A solution to minimize these phenomena is to enclose the TEG device in a hermetic package. This paper analyzes the reliability of aluminum alloy braze Al 718 (12% Si, 88% Al) used in TEG packages under fatigue loading. A power cycling temperature fluctuation method was employed to simulate the operating conditions of the TEGs for passenger vehicle. Low cycle fatigue simulations were performed using the direct cyclic approach embedded in the finite element software ABAQUS. Direct cyclic approach uses an extrapolation technique, which allows for efficient and computationally inexpensive simulations. The numerical model was validated using experimental test data. A validated damage model was used to analyze the cyclic damage evolution in the aluminum alloy braze for the hermetic TEG packages.
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Lin, Chih Chieh, Hanfei Chen, Mahder Tewolde, et al. "Thermoelectrically Powered Sensing for Small Modular Reactors." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17788.

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This project aims to develop thermoelectric generator (TEG)-based devices for sensing during normal and off-normal conditions in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). TEGs will be placed on key reactor components including pipes, pump housings, heat exchangers and reactor vessels. The heat is conducted by heat pipes to the TEGs and removed by a heat sink in natural convection. The electrical power generated by is then used to drive sensors and wireless communications. The estimated power generated by one TEG is 19 W, and sensors with related circuit only require less than 7 W. Extra power can be stored into batteries and used for actuation and similar high-current, short duration power needs. Initial enclosure designs are also presented to protect the electrical devices from fire, force, water, and radiation. Preliminary experiments have been set up for testing TEGs. An experimental test stand design has been simulated, and is now being built. Radiation dosage at different locations and its effects on electrical devices and TEGs are also investigated. A fin analysis of the cooling side of the TEG is also presented. According to the results, the annular finned-tube with an inner pipe diameter of 58 cm can provide a maximum heat dissipation of 1,700 W.
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"Test of a TEC-module." In Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-4210.

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Jin, HongZhou, JinSol Cha, Dogyu Lee, Pan-Bong Ha, YoungHee Kim, and Hoyoung Yoo. "Design of TEG Module for Memristor Device Verification for Neuromorphic Chips." In 2020 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication (ICEIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceic49074.2020.9051353.

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Zhou, Siyi, Bahgat G. Sammakia, Bruce White, Peter Borgesen, and Cheng Chen. "Enhancement of the Power-Conversion Efficiency for Thermoelectric Generators." In ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73225.

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Constrained by low thermodynamic efficiencies, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) require a comparatively large amount of heat to produce a given quantity of electricity. Therefore, further improvements in thermoelectric designs are needed. In this paper, a coupled-field thermoelectric model, which presents a rigorous interfacial energy balance by capturing Joule heating, Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects, is developed to gauge the feasibility of the two promising solutions to enhance power generated by the TEGs, utilizing the commercial FEA package COMSOL™ through the Physics Interface Builder. First, the patterned topography on wall surfaces is implemented and the improved performance has been observed by introducing stirred flows into the heat exchangers and equalizing the temperature across the channels. Referring to the analysis, approximately 10% enhancement in power generation can be addressed for the base-relief TEG. Second, the prospect of increasing the thermal transport capability of water by loading CuO nanoparticles in the TEGs with multi-scale heat exchangers is explored. It is found that the conversion performance of the water/CuO nanofluid-based TEG is superior when compared to the water-based TEG at the micro-scale, where the flow rate is relatively low. The significant insight is gained to fabricate the ideal TEGs with optimum power performance.
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Reports on the topic "Moduli TEG"

1

Mazzella, Jr, Larson Andrew J., Dickson Kevin P., and Peter. TEC (Total Electron Content) Models. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211553.

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Shibata, K., and C. Y. Fu. Recent improvements of the TNG statistical model code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5411068.

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Avetisyan, Aram. Methods and Results for Standard Model Event Generation at $\sqrt{s}$ = 14 TeV, 33 TeV and 100 TeV Proton Colliders (A Snowmass Whitepaper). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1128125.

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Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Kimberly Rojas-Silva, and Juan Manuel Julio-Román. The Interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds Markets: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1171.

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We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of quotes, quote volume, and bid/ask spreads. The data under analysis consists of 5-minute intraday bid/ask US dollar prices and bond quotes, for an assortment of bond species. For these species we also have the number of bid/ask quotes as well as their volume. We found, also, that the exchange rate conveys information to the TES market, but the opposite does not completely hold: A one percent COP depreciation leads to a persistent reduction of TES prices between 0.05% and 0.22%. However, a 1% TES price increase has a very small effect and not entirely significant on the exchange rate, i.e. a COP appreciation between 0.001% and 0.009%. Furthermore, TRM return volatility increases do not affect bond return volatility but its liquidity, i.e. the bid/ask quote number and volume. These results are coherent with the fact that the FX market more efficiently reflects the effect of shocks than the TES market, which may be due to its low liquidity and concentration on a specific habitat. These results have implications for the design of financial stability policies as well as for private portfolio design, rebalancing and hedging.
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Mangano, M. L., G. Zanderighi, J. A. Aguilar Saavedra, et al. Physics at a 100 TeV pp Collider: Standard Model Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415022.

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Cohen, Timothy. SUSY Simplified Models at 14, 33, and 100 TeV Proton Colliders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1108343.

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Maheu, Vivian, Miller Rhodes, and Anthony J. Canfield. Tracheal Reconstruction with Synthetic Gore-Tex Grafts in the Rabbit Model. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285451.

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Maidanik, G., K. J. Becker, and L. J. Maga. Coated and Uncoated Models; What is the Difference? An Odyssey in Ten Parts. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425381.

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Liu, X., I. Bryskin, V. Beeram, T. Saad, H. Shah, and O. Gonzalez de Dios. YANG Data Model for Traffic Engineering (TE) Topologies. RFC Editor, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8795.

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Phillips, T., A. Henderson-Sellers, P. Irannejad, K. McGuffie, and H. Zhang. Large-scale Validation of AMIP II Land-surface Simulations: Preliminary Results for Ten Models. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928178.

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