Journal articles: 'Modulus of elasticity in compression'

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Saud, Abdullah F., Hakim S. Abdelgader, and Ali S. El-Baden. "Compressive and Tensile Strength of Two-Stage Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.585.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the compressive, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of two-stage concrete (TSC) at different water-to-cement ratios. The primary objectives were to measure the elastic modulus, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of TSC and to determine if there is a quantifiable relationship between compressive and tensile strength. Behavior of TSC in compression has been well documented, but there are little published data on its behavior in tension and modulus of elasticity. This paper presents the experimental results of preplaced, crushed granite aggregate concreted with five different mortar mixture proportions. A total of 48 concrete cylinders were tested in unconfined compression modulus of elasticity and splitting tension at 28 and 90 days. It was found that the modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength of two-stage concrete is equivalent or higher than that of conventional concrete at the same compressive strength. Splitting tensile strength can be conservatively estimated using the ACI equation for conventional concrete.

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Yang, Xue Chun, and Ju Ying Luo. "Research on Compression and Bending Resistance Characteristics of Logs." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.117.

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The testing experiments to healthy poplar and larch logs samplings were conducted by using hydraulic machine. The relationships among compression and bending strength, modulus of elasticity in compression and bending were studied in the two logs samplings. The results indicated that, in the both species, the compression strength had certain linear correlation with bending strength, and so did the modulus of elasticity in compression and bending. Meanwhile there were remarkable linear correlations with the compression strength and the modulus of elasticity in compression as well as the bending strength and the modulus of elasticity in bending.

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Mantilla, J. N. R., Diego N. Miranda, Jamile Salim Fuina, and E. V. M. Carrasco. "Mechanical Characteristics of Pavers with Iron Ore Tailings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.330.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate experimentally the mechanical compressive strength and static modulus of elasticity of concrete pavers for floors made with iron ore tailings as aggregate concrete. Pavers were manufactured with four different concrete mixtures (cement, natural sand, industrial sand, iron ore tailings, crushed stone), and performed simple compression tests to determine the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The pavers manufactured with those concrete mixtures showed greater strength specified by the Brazilian standard. It was possible to find a correlation between modulus of elasticity and compressive strength.

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Wang, Ping, Hao Xu, Rong Chen, Jingmang Xu, and Xiaohui Zeng. "Experimental Research on Compression Properties of Cement Asphalt Mortar due to Drying and Wetting Cycle." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769248.

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Uniaxial compression test of cement asphalt (CA) mortar specimens, due to drying and wetting cycle of 0, 2, 4 and 8 times, is carried out by using the electronic universal test machine, with the strain rate ranging from 1 × 10−5 s−1to 1 × 10−2 s−1. The effects of strain rate and drying and wetting cycle time on the compressive strength, elasticity modulus, and stress-strain full curve are investigated. Experimental results show that the strain-stress full curve of CA mortar is affected obviously by strain rate and drying and wetting cycle time. The compressive strength and elasticity modulus increase with the strain rate under the same drying and wetting cycle time. The compressive strength and elasticity modulus decrease with the increase of drying and wetting cycle time in the same strain rate. The lower the strain rate is, the greater the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of CA mortar decrease. When the strain rate is 1 × 10−5 s−1and drying and wetting cycle time is 8, the largest reduction of average compressive strength of CA mortar is 40.48%, and the largest reduction of elasticity modulus of CA mortar is 35.51%, and the influence of drying and wetting cycle on the compressive strength of CA mortar is greater than its influence on the elasticity modulus.

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Tipka, Martin, and Jitka Vašková. "Modulus of Elasticity in Tension for Concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.35.

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The paper deals with the determination of the modulus of elasticity in tension for cementitious composites and comparing these values with the values of modulus in compression. It describes several methods, which are usually used for determination of modulus of elasticity of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete. In the experimental program modulus of elasticity in compression and tension of various types of concrete and fibre reinforced concrete were compared. The classic test with prismatic specimens was used for determination of the modulus in compression; a new arrangement of uniaxial tension test of cementitious composites was used for determination of the modulus of elasticity in tension.

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Couto Aguiar, Letícia, Luiz A. Melgaço N. Branco, Eduardo Chahud, Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr, André L. Christoforo, Rosane A. G. Battistelle, and Tulio Hallak Panzera. "Influence of Time Evolution in the Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Reinforced by Carbon Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.640.

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The modulus of elasticity is an important property for the behavior analysis of concrete structures. This research evaluated the strain difference between concrete specimens with and without the application of laminate carbon fiber composites as well as the variation time, in months, of the axial strength compression and modulus of elasticity. Through the experimental results, it is concluded that increases in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity are more significant in the specimens without reinforcement.

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Jeżo, Aleksandra, and Grzegorz Kowaluk. "Compression strength and other mechanical properties of particleboards induced by density." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 110 (June 30, 2020): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4413.

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Compression strength and other mechanical properties of particleboards induced by density. The aim of the paper was to investigate the contractual compression strength and modulus of elasticity under compression of six types of commercially available particleboards of various thickness, density and surface finish. The basic mechanical and physical characteristics of the tested panels (modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture during bending, density and density profile) were also performed. The studies showed that the compression strength raises linearly with panels’ density raise, and the modulus of elasticity under compression is linearly opposite, depending on the panels’ density.

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Fahmy, E. H., and T. G. M. Ghoneim. "Behaviour of concrete block masonry prisms under axial compression." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 898–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-107.

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A nonlinear three-dimensional finite element model was developed to study the complex behavior of ungrouted and grouted concrete block masonry prisms under axial compression. The model detects crack initiation and traces crack propagation in the masonry assemblage. Variable strengths for blocks, mortar, and grout were used to study the effect of the mechanical properties of prism constituents, and their combinations, on the prism strength and modulus of elasticity. The effect of the number of courses was also investigated. The results of the finite element analysis were used to develop simplified relationships to predict prism strength and modulus of elasticity. Good agreement was observed between the available experimental data and the predicted prism strengths. Key words: compressive strength, concrete blocks, failure modes, finite element, masonry, modulus of elasticity, prisms.

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Lim, Seungwook, and Dan G. Zollinger. "Estimation of the Compressive Strength and Modulus of Elasticity of Cement-Treated Aggregate Base Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1837, no. 1 (January 2003): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1837-04.

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Experimental study on the development of strength and modulus of elasticity of cement-treated aggregate base (CTAB) materials was undertaken. Unconfined uniaxial compression tests were conducted with 189 samples for 16 CTAB mixtures at different ages. Two different aggregates, conventional crushed limestone base and recycled concrete materials, were used in the test program. Using the test results, equations were proposed to estimate the development of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of CTAB materials with time. Test results indicated that the relationship between the compressive strength and elastic modulus of CTAB materials could be expressed in a single equation regardless of aggregate type and mixture proportions.

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Domagała, Lucyna, and Justyna Dobrowolska. "The influence of an applied standard test method on a measurement of concrete stabilized secant modulus of elasticity." MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816307001.

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The paper focuses on the influence of the standard test method applied to determine the concrete stabilized secant modulus on a specified value. The new European Standard EN 12390-13 for testing hardened concrete accepts two methods (A and B) for the determination of the secant modulus of elasticity in compression. The aim of the research was to establish how different testing procedures affect a measured value of modulus of elasticity. Four structural concrete series: two lightweight aggregate concretes and two normal-weight ones were subject to tests of moduli of elasticity determined by both standard methods, as well as compressive strength and density. The carried out tests revealed that the procedure of testing modulus of elasticity influenced a measured value. Method A led to higher values of modulus in relation to Method B, irrespective of concrete density and strength. Nevertheless, a certain relationship between the concrete structure homogeneity and the difference in results of moduli determined by both methods may be observed.

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Kocáb, Dalibor, Vlastimil Bílek Jr., Libor Topolář, Petr Daněk, Barbara Kucharczyková, and Petr Pőssl. "Influence of a Shrinkage-Reducing Admixture on the Damage to the Internal Structure of Alkali-Activated Composites during Testing of the Modulus of Elasticity." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.28.

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This article deals with an experimental determination of the static modulus of elasticity in compression on fine-grained composites based on alkali-activated slag. This experiment included an alkali-activated composite without a shrinkage-reducing admixture and the same composite with a shrinkage-reducing admixture. The test specimens were subjected to testing of the dynamic modulus of elasticity using the ultrasonic pulse velocity test and the resonance method as well as of the static modulus of elasticity in compression. The static modulus of elasticity test was accompanied by the measurement of the acoustic activity of the material using the acoustic emission method, whose advantages is the possibility to detect early formation and propagation of cracks in the internal structure of the material. The output of the described experiment is a detailed evaluation of the differences in the behaviour of the tested alkali-activated composites based on the observed values of the modulus of elasticity and the recorded acoustic activity of the material during loading.

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Sultanov, Karim, Pavel Loginov, Sabida Ismoilova, and Zulfiya Salikhova. "Variable moduli of soil strain." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704013.

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The experimental diagrams between stress and strain components for soft soils are non-linear. Nonlinear diagrams qualitatively differ for soils of undisturbed and disturbed structures. It is believed that the manifestations of nonlinear properties of soil are associated with micro-destruction of soil structure under compression and, therefore, with changes in its mechanical characteristics under strain. It follows that the modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, viscosity and other mechanical parameters are the variables in the process of soil strain. Based on this, from the experimental results given in scientific literature, the changes in the modulus of elasticity and plasticity of soil are determined depending on the values of compression strain. In the process of static and dynamic compression of soil it is almost impossible to determine the boundaries of elastic and plastic strains in soft soil. So, the modulus under soil compression is called the strain modulus. From published results of experiments on dynamic and static compression of soil the most informative ones have been selected. Processing the selected compression diagrams of soft soil, the secant moduli of strain for loess soil and clay have been determined. It is established that the moduli of strain of clay and loess soil under static and dynamic strain vary depending on the rate of strain, the state of the structure and the level of compressive load.

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Xia, Bing Hua, Yuan Cai Liu, and Qing Wen Zhang. "Elastic Modulus Calculation of GRT Fiber-Rubberized Haydite Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.423.

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Experiment with intensity level for the LC30 ceramsite concrete as the research object, changing the content of cement, GRT fiber, rubber powder by the orthogonal test to configure GRT fiber—rubberized haydite concrete samples, maintenance samples 28d in standard conditions and respectively testing their modulus of elasticity、standard compressive strength and apparent density. Through the analysis of the test data, using regression method to establish the GRT fiber—rubberized haydite concrete static compression modulus of elasticity experiential formula and use new test data to compare the value of calculation. By comparing test values and calculated values proved availability of the regression formula.

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Kocáb, Dalibor, Petr Misák, Petr Daněk, Barbara Kucharczyková, and Romana Halamová. "Experimental Determination of how the Static Modulus of Elasticity is Influenced by the Value of the Upper Loading Stress." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.64.

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There is a large number of factors that have a strong influence on the elastic modulus of concrete. These are technological influences as well as issues connected with the testing methods for its determination, one of which is the choice of the upper loading stress of cyclic loading during testing the static modulus of elasticity of concrete in compression. The upper loading stress should be equal to 1/3 of the specimen’s compressive strength, however, its choice is often made incorrectly. This paper describes an experiment focused on discovering the impact that deviating from the 1/3 upper loading stress has on the measured value of the static modulus of elasticity.

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Kazmierczak, Claudio de Souza, Joana Kirchner Benetti Boaro, Monique Palavro Lunardi, Marlova Piva Kulakowski, and Mauricio Mancio. "Influence of the moisture content on the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete made with recycled aggregate." Ambiente Construído 19, no. 2 (April 2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212019000200309.

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Abstract The elastic behavior of the concrete is estimated from its strength or determined by static or dynamic tests. However, because the codes of practice do not standardize the internal moisture content of the concrete and disregard the use of recycled aggregates when proposing equations for the estimation of the modulus of elasticity, discrepancies between the values measured and estimated are frequent. The influence of the moisture content of concrete containing basaltic coarse aggregates and coarse recycled concrete aggregate in the dynamic modulus of elasticity is discussed in this paper. A basalt coarse aggregate and two recycled coarse aggregates where used. For each type of coarse aggregate, concrete with compression strength between 25 MPa and 55 MPa were produced. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of the saturated samples were determined and range from 26 GPa to 46 GPa. There is a significant difference in the value of the dynamic modulus of elasticity for dry concrete versus saturated concrete, also influenced by the type of aggregate. Estimations of the modulus of elasticity from the compressive strength equations proposed by the codes of practice must be improved considering its characteristics.

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Chegenizadeh, Amin, and Hamid Nikraz. "Modulus of Elasticity of Reinforced Clay." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.969.

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Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials. Its use has been expanded rapidly into civil engineering, geotechnical engineering and pavement engineering. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of fibre inclusion on the modulus of elasticity of subgrade material. Plastic fibre was used for this investigation. Fibre contents and aspect ratio have been changed during these tests. The fibre percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 3%. Clay was used as sub grade material. Unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate behaviour of the composite under different condition. The fibre length and fibre content found to play important rule on the modulus of elasticity of fibre. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by fibre inclusion.

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Kocáb, Dalibor, Libor Topolář, Barbara Kucharczyková, Petr Pőssl, and Michaela Hoduláková. "Observation of the Development of the Elastic Modulus and Strength in a Polymer-Cement Mortar Using the Acoustic Emission Method." Solid State Phenomena 272 (February 2018): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.272.76.

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The paper describes an experiment focused on observing the development of the elastic modulus and compressive strength in a polymer-cement mortar during the first 28 days of aging. The specimens (aged 3 and 28 days) were tested for the static and dynamic modulus of elasticity using two methods – the ultrasonic pulse velocity test and the resonance method. During the test of the modulus of elasticity in compression the mortar’s behaviour was also examined by means of the acoustic emission method, which is based on the recording of mechanical pulses caused by dilation waves generated by microcracks that form during loading. The outcome of the experiment is an evaluation of the polymer-cement mortar’s behaviour in terms of the development of its elastic modulus and compressive strength as well as in terms of the material’s acoustic response during loading.

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Soltz, Michael A., and Gerard A. Ateshian. "A Conewise Linear Elasticity Mixture Model for the Analysis of Tension-Compression Nonlinearity in Articular Cartilage." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 122, no. 6 (July 10, 2000): 576–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1324669.

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A biphasic mixture model is developed that can account for the observed tension-compression nonlinearity of cartilage by employing the continuum-based Conewise Linear Elasticity (CLE) model of Curnier et al. (J. Elasticity, 37, 1–38, 1995) to describe the solid phase of the mixture. In this first investigation, the orthotropic octantwise linear elasticity model was reduced to the more specialized case of cubic symmetry, to reduce the number of elastic constants from twelve to four. Confined and unconfined compression stress-relaxation, and torsional shear testing were performed on each of nine bovine humeral head articular cartilage cylindrical plugs from 6 month old calves. Using the CLE model with cubic symmetry, the aggregate modulus in compression and axial permeability were obtained from confined compression (H−A=0.64±0.22 MPa, kz=3.62±0.97×10−16 m4/Ns˙s,r2=0.95±0.03), the tensile modulus, compressive Poisson ratio, and radial permeability were obtained from unconfined compression (E+Y=12.75±1.56 MPa, v−=0.03±0.01,kr=6.06±2.10×10−16 m4/Ns˙s,r2=0.99±0.00), and the shear modulus was obtained from torsional shear (μ=0.17±0.06 MPa). The model was also employed to predict the interstitial fluid pressure successfully at the center of the cartilage plug in unconfined compression r2=0.98±0.01. The results of this study demonstrate that the integration of the CLE model with the biphasic mixture theory can provide a model of cartilage that can successfully curve-fit three distinct testing configurations while producing material parameters consistent with previous reports in the literature. [S0148-0731(00)00306-X]

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Kubík, Ľubomír, Viera Kažimírová, Monika Božiková, Tomáš Giertl, and Štefan Mihina. "Correlation of the colour of straw fuel pellets to the compressive properties." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 25, no. 1 (2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea25-31141.

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The aim of the manuscript was the evaluation of the compressive properties of straw pellets in relation to the colour differences between them. Modulus of elasticity and failure strength of the pellets at the compression were determined. A testing machine Andilog Stentor 1000 (Andilog Technologies, Vitrolles, France) was employed for uniaxial compression tests. L*, a*, b* colour coordinates of CIE LAB 3D colour space were used for the characterization of the pellet's colour. Two sorts of pellets were measured: made from wheat straw and made from the mixed wheat and barley straw. Samples were measured by a spectrophotometer 3NH YS3020 and computed as the mean of twenty samples. The correlation of the pellet colour with the mechanical properties, mainly modulus of elasticity and failure strength of the pellets at the compression were realized to obtain a relation of the deformation process to the pellet's colour of different sorts of pellets.

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Babić, Lj, M. Radojèin, I. Pavkov, M. Babić, J. Turan, M. Zoranović, and S. Stanišić. "Physical properties and compression loading behaviour of corn seed." International Agrophysics 27, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10247-012-0076-9.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to acquire data on the physical properties and compression loading behaviour of seed of six corn hybrid varieties. The mean values of length, width, thickness, geometric diameter, surface area, porosity, single kernel mass, sphericity, bulk and true density, 1 000 kernelmass and coefficient of friction were studied at single level of corn seed moisture content. The calculated secant modulus of elasticity during compressive loading for dent corn was 0.995 times that of the semi-flint type; there were no significant differences in the value of this mechanical property between semi-flint and dent corn varieties. The linear model showed a decreasing tendency of secant modulus of elasticity for all hybrids as the moisture content of seeds increased.

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de Korte, C. L., E. I. Céspedes, A. F. W. van der Steen, B. Norder, and K. te Nijenhuis. "Elastic and Acoustic Properties of Vessel Mimicking Material for Elasticity Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 19, no. 2 (April 1997): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469701900202.

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The mechanical and acoustic properties of agar-gelatin gels, used to construct vessel mimicking phantoms for ultrasonic elasticity studies, were investigated. Gels with varying compression moduli were made using a gelatin solution (8% by weight) with a variable amount of agar(1%-3% by weight). Carborundum particles were added as scattering material. The compression modulus was determined using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. The dependence of the compression modulus and the acoustic parameters on the agar concentration, as well as on the age and the temperature of the samples, was investigated. The results show that the compression modulus is strongly influenced by these factors, while the effect on the acoustic parameters is less. Compression moduli spanning a useful range for vascular phantom construction with realistic acoustic parameters can be achieved by varying the amount of agar. Phantoms constructed from these gels are well suited to serve as a model for plaque containing vessels.

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Liang, Li, and Xiu Ting Zhao. "Fiber Reinforcement Effect of the Corn Stalk Skin." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1121.

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Since the mechanical properties of the skin and the core of corn stalk are different significantly. The basal fourth internode of the corn stalk was chosen to do the compression test. The Maximum Force, the Compressive Strength, and the Modulus of Elasticity of the stalk skin and the core were obtained respectively. Then, the modulus of elasticity parallel to the direction of stalk skin fiber was calculated based on the measured data. The fiber reinforcement effect of the corn stalk skin was analyzed, combined with the mechanics of composites. Furthermore, the finite element model of corn stalk, regarded as composites, was constructed by ANSYS to simulate the compression test. The results showed that the simulation of reinforcement effect was well consistent with the value calculated by the mechanics of composite.

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Park, Dae Woo. "Ultrasound Shear Wave Simulation of Breast Tumor Using Nonlinear Tissue Elasticity." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2541325.

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Shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) can assess the elasticity of tissues, but the shear modulus estimated in SWEI is often less sensitive to a subtle change of the stiffness that produces only small mechanical contrast to the background tissues. Because most soft tissues exhibit mechanical nonlinearity that differs in tissue types, mechanical contrast can be enhanced if the tissues are compressed. In this study, a finite element- (FE-) based simulation was performed for a breast tissue model, which consists of a circular (D: 10 mm, hard) tumor and surrounding tissue (soft). The SWEI was performed with 0% to 30% compression of the breast tissue model. The shear modulus of the tumor exhibited noticeably high nonlinearity compared to soft background tissue above 10% overall applied compression. As a result, the elastic modulus contrast of the tumor to the surrounding tissue was increased from 0.46 at 0% compression to 1.45 at 30% compression.

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Urbański, Marek. "Compressive Strength of Modified FRP Hybrid Bars." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081898.

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A new type of HFRP hybrid bars (hybrid fiber reinforced polymer) was introduced to increase the rigidity of FRP reinforcement, which was a basic drawback of the FRP bars used so far. Compared to the BFRP (basalt fiber reinforced polymer) bars, modification has been introduced in HFRP bars consisting of swapping basalt fibers with carbon fibers. One of the most important mechanical properties of FRP bars is compressive strength, which determines the scope of reinforcement in compressed reinforced concrete elements (e.g., column). The compression properties of FRP bars are currently ignored in the standards (ACI, CSA). The article presents compression properties for HFRP bars based on the developed compression test method. Thirty HFRP bars were tested for comparison with previously tested BFRP bars. All bars had a nominal diameter of 8 mm and their nonanchored (free) length varied from 50 to 220 mm. Test results showed that the ultimate compressive strength of nonbuckled HFRP bars as a result of axial compression is about 46% of the ultimate strength. In addition, the modulus of elasticity under compression does not change significantly compared to the modulus of elasticity under tension. A linear correlation of buckling load strength was proposed depending on the free length of HFRP bars.

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Cramer, Steven, David Kretschmann, Roderic Lakes, and Troy Schmidt. "Earlywood and latewood elastic properties in loblolly pine." Holzforschung 59, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.088.

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Abstract The elastic properties of earlywood and latewood and their variability were measured in 388 specimens from six loblolly pine trees in a commercial plantation. Properties measured included longitudinal modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, specific gravity, microfibril angle and presence of compression wood. Novel testing procedures were developed to measure properties from specimens of 1 mm×1 mm×30 mm from earlywood or latewood. The elastic properties varied substantially circumferentially around a given ring and this variation was nearly as large as the variation across rings. The elastic properties varied by ring and height, but while the modulus of elasticity increased with height, the shear modulus decreased with height. A strong correlation was found between modulus of elasticity and shear modulus, but only at low heights and inner rings. Specific gravity and microfibril angle were the strongest predictors of elastic properties and explained 75% of the variation in modulus of elasticity for latewood. Despite being the best predictors in this study, these parameters accounted for less than half of the variability of earlywood modulus of elasticity, earlywood shear modulus and latewood shear modulus.

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Ma, Te, Tetsuya Inagaki, and Satoru Tsuchikawa. "Non-destructive evaluation of wood stiffness and fiber coarseness, derived from SilviScan data, via near infrared hyperspectral imaging." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 26, no. 6 (October 28, 2018): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518808053.

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Near infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with partial least squares regression analysis was used to evaluate wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity) and fiber coarseness. Five samples with normal wood and compression wood collected from two Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) trees were analyzed. To achieve high reliability of the prediction values, a SilviScan system (X-ray densitometry, X-ray diffractometry, and optical microscopy) with the high spatial resolution was used for measuring reference data. The measurement interval for modulus of elasticity and fiber coarseness was 1 mm and 25 µm, respectively. After spectral pre-treatment and key wavelengths selection, partial least squares analysis was applied to calibrate near infrared data to reference values. The determination coefficient ( RCV2) of modulus of elasticity was 0.66 with a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 1.80 GPa. For the constructed fiber coarseness calibration model, RCV2 and RMSECV were 0.62 and 35.02 µm/g, respectively. Finally, modulus of elasticity and fiber coarseness mapping results show detailed information (156 µm/pixel) at the grown ring level. The differences among earlywood, latewood, and compression wood were all well identifiable.

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ADACHI, Hiromasa, Teruo HASEGAWA, and Nobuyoshi KOTANI. "Dynamic Compression Modulus of Elasticity in Open-Celled Polyethylene Foams." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 55, no. 2 (1998): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.55.74.

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Suknev, S. V. "DETERMINATION OF THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF ROCKS UPON COMPRESSION." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 83, no. 12 (January 1, 2017): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2017-83-12-52-57.

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Linde, Frank, Charlotte Buch Gøosthgen, Ivan Hvid, Buntoeng Pongsoipetch, and Søosren Bentzen. "Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone by a Non-Destructive Compression Testing Approach." Engineering in Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/emed_jour_1988_017_008_02.

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In order to optimize non-destructive mechanical testing of trabecular bone specimens, different techniques were analysed, and correlations were established between properties derived from such non-destructive testings and those derived from destructive testing. Non-destructive testing to a fixed percentage of predicted ultimate stress was hampered by inaccuracy of this prediction. Simulation of non-destructive testing conducted to the linear' part of the compression curve using a drop of the increase of the stiffness (slope of the compression curve) below a certain value as stop criterion revealed strong correlations ( r: 0.97–0.99) between the stiffness at the stop point and modulus of elasticity derived from destructive testing. However, trabecular damage will probably occur during such testing because high strain values were obtained. Testing to a fixed strain (0.6 per cent) also revealed strong correlation between the stiffness at the 0.6 per cent strain level and modulus of elasticity ( r = 0.96) derived from destructive testing. By this technique trabecular damage was avoided and standardized elastic and viscoelastic energies could be obtained. Prediction of modulus of elasticity by indirect methods such as modulus of elasticity of specimens from the opposite symmetric location ( r = 0.73), bone mineral concentration ( r = 0.72) derived from photon absorptiometry and the CT number ( r = 0.78) derived from quantitative computed tomography showed less strong correlations.

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Rahman, Md Rezaur, Sinin Hamdan, M. Saiful Islam, and Md Shahjahan Mondol. "Mechanical Properties and Decay Resistance of Wood Polymer Composites (WPC)." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.819.

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In Malaysia, especially Borneo Island Sarawak has a large scale of tropical wood species. In this study, selected raw tropical wood species namely Artocarpus Elasticus, Artocarpus Rigidus, Xylopia Spp, Koompassia Malaccensis and Eugenia Spp were chemically treated with sodium meta periodate to convert them into wood polymer composites. Manufactured wood polymer composites were characterized using mechanical testing (modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), static Young’s modulus) and decay resistance test. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were calculated using three point bending test. Static Young’s modulus and decay resistance were calculated using compression parallel to gain test and natural laboratory decay test respectively. The manufactured wood polymer composites yielded higher modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and static Young’s modulus. Wood polymer composite had high resistant to decay exposure, while Eugenia Spp wood polymer composite had highly resistant compared to the other ones.

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Fan, Tian Yuan, and Zong Jin Li. "High Stiffness Concrete for Tall Buildings under Severe Conditions: Mix Design and Structural Member Test." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.150.

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A new type of concrete, which contains volcanic aggregate and well-graded river sand, having both high strength and ultra-high modulus of elasticity has been developed for tall buildings under severe conditions, and its properties were characterized. The structural deformation of high-rise buildings can be substantially reduced by using this type of concrete, thereby decreasing the cross-section area of the structural members and increasing the economic benefits, not to mention alleviating shrinkage and creep problems of concrete. Uniaxial compression test, static elastic modulus test and scanning electron microscope test were conducted to characterize the properties of concrete specimens with different mix proportions. The experimental results showed that volcanic rock as coarse aggregate, well-graded river sand as fine aggregate, sand ratio around 43%, silica fume content about 10% as well as some mineral admixtures such as metakaolin and nanosilica led to higher modulus of elasticity of concrete. A particular type of concrete with the compressive strength of 146 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 53.5 GPa was developed, which is much stiffer than normal concrete in the code of practice. Four concrete mixtures including C45, C80, high modulus and ultra-high modulus concrete were applied in producing structural members, verifying the advantages of utilization of high stiffness concrete.

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Guan, Xin, Haining Yin, Bowen Chen, Yan Zhu, Xueshen Liu, and Jinguo Lin. "The effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of Phyllostachys pubescens." BioResources 15, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 1430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1430-1444.

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To reveal the effects of vascular bundle and sheath-node tissues on mechanical strength, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) was investigated via compression, bending, and tension tests. Quantitative analysis was applied on vascular bundle and sheath-node tissues using a mosaicking technique and Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software. Based on the analysis of internode and node specimens, it was found that 1) there was a significant difference between the tissues proportion and mechanical strength. A high tissues proportion resulted in a high compression strength, tension strength, and modulus of rupture, but a low modulus of elasticity. 2) There was no significant correlation between the tissues proportion and failure modes. 3) The presence of a bamboo node decreased the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and tension strength, but it did not affect the compression strength. 4) A bamboo node increased the likelihood of brash tension failure in the bending test and splintering tension failure in the tension test, but decreased the probability of splitting failure in the compression test. 5) The effects of bamboo node on strength were due to the irregular sheath-node and undifferentiated vascular bundles.

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Topaloglu, Elif. "Effect of accelerated weathering test on selected properties of bamboo, Scots pine and Oriental beech wood treated with waterborne preservatives." Drvna industrija 70, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2019.1855.

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This paper investigates the changes in density, compression strength parallel to grain, static modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of untreated (control) and waterborne-treated bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) specimens subjected to accelerated weathering using an accelerated weathering chamber for 672 hours. Wolmanit-CB (CCB), tanalith-E (Tan-E), amine copper quat-1900 (ACQ) and boric acid-borax (BB) were used as waterborne preservatives. The retention value of bamboo specimens was lower than that of wood specimens due to the difference in anatomical structure of bamboo. The value of density, compression strength parallel to grain, static modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of treated bamboo and wood were generally higher than those of untreated specimens after accelerated weathering. ACQ treatment generally provided the best protection against weathering in all mechanical tests for both bamboo and wood specimens, while CCB treatment provided an effective protection against weathering in compression strength for Oriental beech. BB treatment provided the least protection against weathering for bamboo and wood specimens compared to other waterborne preservatives.

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Porankiewicz, Bolesław, Daria Wieczorek, Marija Djurkovic, Ireneusz Idzikowski, and Zbigniew Węgrzyn. "Modelling cutting forces using the moduli of elasticity in oak peripheral milling." BioResources 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 1424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.1424-1437.

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This article presents an attempt to estimate the nonlinear, multivariable dependence between the main (tangential) cutting force (FC) and the processing parameters and moduli of elasticity of oak wood (Quercus robur) during peripheral milling with a straight edge. The analysis indicated that the tangential force (FC) was affected by cutting depth (cD), feed rate per tooth (fZ), rake angle (γF), elastic modulus by stretching along the grain (ESA), elastic modulus by stretching perpendicular to the grain (ESP), elastic modulus by compression along the grain (ECA), and the elastic modulus by compression perpendicular to the grain (ECP). It was found that the elastic moduli (ESA, ESP, ECA, ECP) very well described the mechanical properties of processed wood. Several interactions between the examined parameters (namely, ESA·γF, ESP·γF, ECP·γF, fZ·γF, and fZ·cD) were confirmed in the developed relationship FC = f(ESA, ESP, ECA, ECP, fZ, cD, γF).

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Shao, Yali, Lili Li, Zhangjing Chen, Sunguo Wang, and Ximing Wang. "Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments on various physical and mechanical properties of poplar (Populus) wood." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 9596–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9596-9610.

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Poplar (Populus) wood was subjected in this work to thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment. The influence of the treatment parameters on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. The wood samples were densified under three compression ratios (0%, 30%, and 50%), and thermally treated at three temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C), at three thermal treatment durations (3 h, 4 h, and 5 h). The density, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, radial hardness, and thickness swelling were measured. The results showed that the densities of the samples increased by 36.6% to 49.7%. As the compression rate increased, the temperature, duration, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and hardness increased. However, the dimensions of the densified samples were less stable. Compared to the densiﬁed samples, the maximum thickness swelling could be reduced by 74% (from 29.7% to 7.8%) when subjected to a thermal treatment at 220 °C for 3 h.

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Chegenizadeh, Amin, and Hamid Nikraz. "Study on Modulus of Elasticity of Reinforced Clay." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5885.

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Reinforced soil has been among the most effective soil modification materials. Its use has been expanded rapidly into civil engineering, geotechnical engineering and pavement engineering. Reinforcing subgarde in pavement systems has always been an issue. This study focuses on effect of fibre inclusion on the modulus of elasticity of subgrade material. Plastic fibre was used for this investigation. Fibre contents and aspect ratio have been changed during these tests. The fibre percentage varied from 0 % (for unreinforced samples) to 6%. Clay was used as sub grade material. Unconfined compression tests were carried out to investigate behaviour of the composite under different condition. The fibre length and fibre content found to play important rule on the modulus of elasticity of fibre. Furthermore it was observed that ductility of sample increased by fibre inclusion.

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Burdzik, Walter. "Grade verification of SA pine — bending, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, tension and compression." Southern African Forestry Journal 202, no. 1 (November 2004): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20702620.2004.10431786.

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Tumonis, Liudas, Rimantas Kačianauskas, Arnoldas Norkus, and Daiva Žilionienė. "COMPARISON STUDY OF SPHERICAL AND MULTI-SPHERICAL PARTICLES UNDER CYCLIC UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 4 (September 11, 2012): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.702127.

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Numerical simulation of cyclic compression of granular material by performing oedometric test has been performed. Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been employed for simulation. A comparison study has aimed to examine the differences in macroscopic behaviour of material discretized by spherical (S) and non-spherical shape models of a particle. During the study, microscopic data of sand from Klaipėda were used for modelling the shape of particles. The nonspherical particles were described by multi-spherical (MS) models retaining distributions for size and aspect ratios. Two DE models of tested specimens were developed and the deformation behaviour under cyclic uniaxial compression was simulated numerically by applying the commercial EDEM code. The variation of the oedometric elasticity modulus was investigated and influence of particle shape on void ratio changes was demonstrated. It was clearly shown that application of S particles is much more sensitive to rearrangement of particles during densification DEM. Simulations illustrated that the elasticity modulus of material corresponding to MS particles is approximately 1.9 times larger comparing with material corresponding to S particles. Therefore, one must improve the magnitude of elasticity modulus by introducing a respective correction factor.

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Yassin, Mohammed Maher, Akram Shakir Mahmoud, and Sheelan M. Hama. "Effectiveness of Glass Wastes as Powder on Some Hardened Properties of Concrete." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 22, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.22010014.

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This paper present glass waste material reusing in concrete as partial replacement of cement. Some hardened properties like compressive and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity and % absorption was made. The effect of glass powder on these properties was examined compared to reference specimens without glass powder. Five percentage was tested: 0%(reference), 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. From tests results one can conclude that replacing cement partially by glass powder enhanced strengths of concrete (compression and flexural) up to 20% replacing level Using glass powder as partial replacement of cement improved strengths and modulus of elasticity of concrete. The %absorption decrease with increasing of glass powder content. The results show that utilization of waste glass as powder in concrete can reduce amount of cement which save cost besides its environmental benefits.

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Marčiukaitis, Gediminas. "SHRINKAGE INFLUENCE ON STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF COMPOSITE MASONRY MEMBERS/SUSITRAUKIMO DEFORMACIJŲ ĮTAKA KOMPLEKSINIŲ MŪRO ELEMENTŲ ĮTEMPIŲ IR DEFORMACIJŲ BŪVIUI." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2001): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2001.10531721.

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Composite masonry structures consists of various units (bricks or ceramic, concrete and other blocks) masonry and concrete or reinforced concrete layers. Analysis has shown that in most cases deformation properties of masonry, concrete and reinforced concrete are different. There is a big difference in modulus of elasticity and shrinkage deformations. Methods for determination of shrinkage and modulus of elasticity for different types of masonry and reinforced concrete have been presented. Analysis of distribution of stresses and deformations in layers has shown that for a given difference of shrinkage in layers the stresses of tension and compression in the layers depend on the cross-section area of these layers and the ratio of the modulus of elasticity. Formulas are given for calculation of these stresses.

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Reiterman, Pavel. "Static Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete." Materials Science Forum 824 (July 2015): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.824.151.

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Present paper deals with the experimental investigation of static modulus of elasticity of hardened concrete and its relation to compressive strength of concrete. Based on the number of measurement was derived expression of dependence of modulus of elasticity on compressive strength of concrete which was determined using cubic specimens; modulus of elasticity was measured using prismatic specimens of dimensions 100x100x400 mm. Studied concrete mixtures present commonly used concrete of all established strength classes.

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Stoian, Elena Valentina. "Researches Regarding the Compression of the Films Polymers in Composite System." Materiale Plastice 57, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.20.1.5318.

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This paper presents experimental research results obtained from testing the compression of polymer matrix composites. The four types are analyzed by thin layers of polymer composite material of various thicknesses were subjected to the test of mechanical compression. The analyzed samples were obtained by reinforcing the siloxane rubber with FeSi powder and stretching the mixture on the metallic mesh (PM), as well as stretching the simple siloxane rubber, without reinforcing agent on the metallic mesh. The mathematical modeling of the experimental results obtained on the LFM 30kN compression tester, Walter & Sai AG was performed using the Excel program. Establishment of material was based on regression analysis performed later. The modulus of elasticity of the samples was determined according to the deformation range 0.1 ÷ 0.3%, corresponding to the maximum correlation coefficient resulting from the regression of the experimental data. Following the compression analyzes it was found that in the case of simple siloxane rubber (S) without filling, the average modulus of elasticity decreases from 80 MPa to 39 MPa for the siloxane rubber laying on the metallic mesh. For the composite material (siloxane rubber with FeSi powder addition) noted SF, the value of the module is 81, and in the case of the laying composite (siloxane rubber reinforced with silicon iron powder filler on the metallic mesh, noted PMSF), the value of the module decreases to 31 MPa. We conclude that the addition of silicon iron powder leads to an increase in the elasticity of the siloxane rubber, and its reinforcement with the metallic mesh leads to a decrease in the elasticity modulus of the siloxane rubber, as well as of the siloxane rubber reinforced with the iron powder.

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Ismaili, Gaddafi, Badorul Hisham Abu Bakar, and Khairul Khuzaimah Abdul Rahim. "The Behavior of Strength Properties from Three Different Tree Boles of Aras in Sarawak." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.94.2011.

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Aras had been selected and tested in small clear specimens. Sampling of test specimens are made from three sections of the tree bole namely from bottom, middle, and top parts. This paper looks into the information of strength properties from three sections of sampled. The strength properties test required are the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression stress parallel to grain. Meanwhile, the physical properties' test referred to moisture content and basic density. The testing conducted in two different conditions of the trees, which were referred to green and air-dry condition. It was found that the average mean values for modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compressive stress parallel to grain tested at green condition were 47.52N/mm2, 6358.56N/mm2 and 22.42N/mm2 respectively meanwhile at air-dry condition were 70.49N/mm2, 8217.64N/mm2 and 34.07N/mm2 respectively. Meanwhile, the average mean values for moisture content at green condition were 83.34% whilst at the air-dry condition were 12.33%. Basic density remains unchanged from both conditions.

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Misák, Petr, Petr Daněk, Dalibor Kocáb, Michaela Potočková, Bronislava Moravcová, and Libor Topolář. "Assessment of the Influence of Multiple Cyclic Loading on the Static Modulus of Elasticity of Hardened Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.21.

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This paper deals with determining the dependence of the value of the static modulus of elasticity of concrete in compression on the number of loading cycles. The deformation of specimens during multiple cyclic loading was measured in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve for concrete. The specimens were subjected to up to 1500 loading cycles. The main goal of the experiment was to ascertain whether the multiple cyclic loading causes significant changes in the static modulus of elasticity.

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Bagheri, Ali, Irene Buj-Corral, Miquel Ferrer, Maria Magdalena Pastor, and Francesc Roure. "Determination of the Elasticity Modulus of 3D-Printed Octet-Truss Structures for Use in Porous Prosthesis Implants." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122420.

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In tissue engineering, scaffolds can be obtained by means of 3D printing. Different structures are used in order to reduce the stiffness of the solid material. The present article analyzes the mechanical behavior of octet-truss microstructures. Three different octet structures with strut radii of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 mm were studied. The theoretical relative densities corresponding to these structures were 34.7%, 48.3%, and 61.8%, respectively. Two different values for the ratio of height (H) to width (W) were considered, H/W = 2 and H/W = 4. Several specimens of each structure were printed, which had the shape of a square base prism. Compression tests were performed and the elasticity modulus (E) of the octet-truss lattice-structured material was determined, both, experimentally and by means of Finite Element Methods (FEM). The greater the strut radius, the higher the modulus of elasticity and the compressive strength. Better agreement was found between the experimental and the simulated modulus of elasticity results for H/W = 4 than for H/W = 2. The octet-truss lattice can be considered to be a promising structure for printing in the field of tissue engineering.

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Ali, Siti Nurul Ain, Amirah Mohamad Juri, Kartini Kamaruddin, Mohd Hisbany Mohd Hashim, and Hamidah Mohd Saman. "Evaluation of the Modulus of Elasticity for Dry Press Lightweight EPS Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 853 (July 2020): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.853.165.

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Expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete is a promising material as lightweight features, environment-friendly materials and potentially used in lightweight building construction. However, EPS concrete has substantially affected the transition zone of elastic behavior of the element. This paper aims to evaluate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) from the compression test method for the EPS concrete. The MOE also was predicted through existing models in codes of practice using actual data from compressive strength and density of EPS concrete. To verify the proposal of a new empirical model from EPS concrete, the actual and prediction of MOE were compared. The EPS concrete specimens were based on EPS replacements and design mixtures. From the outcome of the study, it demonstrated significant improvements in strength and in the elasticity modulus were observed in the implementation of the dry press moulding for concrete mixtures.

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Stasiak, M. "Determination of elastic parameters of grain with oedometric and acoustic methods." Research in Agricultural Engineering 49, No. 2 (February 8, 2012): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4953-rae.

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Values of modulus of elasticity E and Poisson’s ratio   were determined with two methods adopted from geotechnique. First approach used was a method proposed by Sawicki (1994). This type of examination was applied to estimate values of E and v for wheat and rapeseed beddings for five levels of moisture content ranging from 6% to 20%. Modulus of elasticity E of wheat was found to decrease with an increase in moisture content. With the second method values of E were determined based on measurement of shear wave velocity. Tests were performed for bedding of wheat and rapeseed under equilibrium moisture content. Values of modulus of elasticity were found to depend of hydrostatic pressure and were higher then those determined in uniaxial compression test.

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Mañero-Sanz, Hugo, Eva M. García del Toro, Vicente Alcaraz-Carrillo de Albornoz, and Alfredo Luizaga Patiño. "Method for the Improvement of the Elasticity Module of Concrete Specimens by Active Confinement." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 3289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123289.

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The purpose of this work is to improve the modulus of elasticity of reinforced concrete pillars in the area where it is known with certainty that the concrete is elastic. To achieve this, an innovative method was devised to introduce an initial tension ( σ i ) resulting in an 11% increase in the working compression. Three concrete batches of five specimens each were prepared for this study. The first batch was used as a control without applying any reinforcement, the second was reinforced with a carbon fiber fabric (CF) layer in the usual way, and in the third batch, an initial tension was introduced to the CF fabric by a technique devised for this purpose. After measuring the modulus of elasticity of each of the specimens that made up each batch, it was observed that the modulus of elasticity obtained for the specimens in the third batch was 8% higher than the specimens in the first and second batches. The compression–deformation behaviour of the specimens observed throughout the study allows us to propose a stress–strain model with three different behaviours: linear elastic, parabolic elasto-plastic and linear elastic.

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Uinarni, Herlina. "Pencitraan Elastisitas Jaringan dengan Ultrasonografi pada Analisa Tumor Mammae." Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33748/jradidn.v1i2.15.

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Tissue elasticity imaging with ultrasonography (USG) is used to obtain information about tissue sti?ness. Elasticity is the ability of an object to return to its original shape after a force from the outside given. There are three changes to the form known in the review of the elasticity of an object, namely strain, compression and shear. Modulus of elasticity is stress compared to strain, or the stress per unit strain, and is also called as elastic modulus of the material (tissue). Real-time ultrasound elastography is a further investigation after a detected mass in B-mode, after which pressure is applied lightly using the same transducer. Several studies report that ultrasound elastography diagnostic accuracy in assessing the massas benign or malignant is similar to conventional ultrasound (sensitivity 89.8%, specifcity 88.3%). Elastogram interpretation that is often used is two, namely the value of elasticity (elasticity score) and the ratio of strain (strain ratio). Based on these principle; malignant tumor tissue is rigid, not easily change shape and color with compression, and dark on elastogram, whereas benign tumor is softer, changing as the tissue is compressed and lighter colored. Elastography value can be used as additional data in di?erentiating malignant or benign mammary tumors particularly when the tumor is found dubious.

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Jacquet, Christophe, Roger Erivan, Akash Sharma, Martine Pithioux, Sebastien Parratte, Jean-Nöel Argenson, and Matthieu Ollivier. "Preservation Methods Influence the Biomechanical Properties of Human Lateral Menisci: An Ex Vivo Comparative Study of 3 Methods." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 232596711984162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119841622.

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Background: Three main meniscal preservation methods have been used over the past decade: cryopreservation, freezing, and freezing with gamma irradiation. Hypothesis: All 3 preservation methods will result in similar biomechanical properties as defined by tensile and compression testing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 24 human lateral menisci were collected from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Inclusion criteria were patients younger than 70 years with primary unilateral (medial) femorotibial knee osteoarthritis. Each meniscus was divided into 2 specimens cross-sectionally. One specimen was systematically cryopreserved and constituted the control (Cy; –140°C), and the other specimen was used for either the simple frozen group (Fr; –80°C) or the frozen+irradiated group (FrI; –80°C + 25-kGy irradiation). Compression and tensile tests were performed to analyze the elasticity modulus (Young modulus) in compression, the elasticity modulus in tension, the tensile force at failure, and the rupture profile of the tensile stress-strain curve. Results: A significant difference in the mean compression elasticity modulus was observed between the Cy and Fr groups (28.86 ± 0.77 vs 37.26 ± 1.08 MPa, respectively; P < .001) and between the Cy and FrI groups (28.86 ± 0.77 vs 45.92 ± 1.09 MPa, respectively; P < .001). A significant difference in the mean tensile elasticity modulus was also observed between the Cy and Fr groups (11.66 ± 0.97 vs 19.97 ± 1.37 MPa, respectively; P = .008) and between the Cy and FrI groups (11.66 ± 0.97 vs 45.25 ± 1.39 MPa, respectively; P < .001). There were no significant differences between the control and study groups in tensile force at failure. The analysis of the stress-strain curve revealed a slow-slope curve with a nonabrupt rupture (ductile material) for the Cy samples versus a clear rupture of the curve for the Fr and FrI samples (more fragile material). Conclusion: Cryopreservation allows for more elastic and less fragile tissue compared with simple freezing or freezing plus irradiation. Clinical Relevance: The study results exhibit the detrimental effect of simple freezing and freezing plus irradiation on human meniscal mechanical properties. If these effects occur in menisci prepared for allograft procedures, important differences could appear in the graft’s mechanical behavior and thus patient outcomes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Modulus of elasticity in compression'

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