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Journal articles on the topic 'Modus inversus'
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1
Barukčić, Ilija. "Modus inversus." Causation 18, no. 2 (2022): 5——77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6945293.
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<strong>Background:</strong> A true conclusion follows deductively from true premises. However, what if the premises are not true? Therefore, certain aspects of the relation between <strong>premises and conclusions</strong> in valid arguments are re-investigated again. <strong>Methods:</strong> Methods of logical inference (modus ponens, modus tollens et cetera) were analysed again. <strong>Results:</strong> Reliable scientific proof methods are of use in order to identify as soon as possible non-scientific claims and to help authors not to suffer too long from self-contradictory and sometimes highly abstract, especially mathematical stuff. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Modus inversus has the potential to prevent us from accepting seemingly contradictory theorems or rules in science.
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Cameron, P. D., and T. E. Oh. "Newer Modes of Mechanical Ventilatory Support." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 14, no. 3 (1986): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x8601400306.
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Recent modes of ventilatory support aim to facilitate weaning and minimise the physiological disadvantages of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) allows the patient to breathe spontaneously in between ventilator breaths. Mandatory minute volume ventilation (MMV) ensures that the patient always receives a preset minute volume, made up of both spontaneous and ventilator breaths. Pressure supported (assisted) respiration is augmentation of a spontaneous breath up to a preset pressure level, and is different from ‘triggering’, which is a patient-initiated ventilator breath. Other modes or refinements of IPPV include high frequency ventilation, expiratory retard, differential lung ventilation, inversed ratio ventilation, ‘sighs’, varied inspiratory flow waveforms and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. While these techniques have useful applications in selective situations, IPPV remains the mainstay of managing respiratory failure for most patients.
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Kaptsov, Leonid, and Alexei Rostovtsev. "Relaxation frequencies in a solid-state laser system with crossing beams." Izvestiya VUZ. Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 3, no. 6 (1995): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.18500/0869-6632-1995-3-6-64-72.
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Relaxation frequencies of several beams laser system are calculated. It is shown that the appearance of interaction between system modes by means of a common region of inversed population do not variate the highest relaxation frequency. Minimums of limit transition to a dynamic chaos are observed close to relaxation frequency.
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Araújo, Osmar Hélio Alves, and Luís Távora Furtado Ribeiro. "Ser ou não ser um coordenador pedagógico diferente? Eis a questão." Dialogia, no. 27 (October 6, 2017): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.n27.7073.
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Esta discusso traz baila que se faz necessrio pensar em uma coordenao pedaggica que aposte em um jeito diferente de gerir o processo pedaggico na arena escolar. Defende-se, deste modo, que o coordenador pedaggico tenha um fazer pedaggico diferente, vivencie um novo jeito de gerir o processo pedaggico na esfera escolar, adotando novos modos, posicionamentos inversos do que voga a partir do senso comum. Conclui-se que para se exercer a coordenao pedaggica de modo diferente precisa-se de muito esforo, vontade de acertar, disposio e disponibilidade dos coordenadores pedaggicos em organizarem um conjunto de atividades capazes de conduzirem o processo pedaggico da escola.
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Rosa, Pedro A. R., Rui M. S. O. Baptista, Jorge M. C. Rodrigues, and Paulo A. F. Martins. "Inversao externa de tubos metálicos de parede fina." Revista Iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica 8, no. 2 (2004): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ribim.8.2.42533.
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Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de natureza teórica-experimental da inversao de tubos metálicos de parede fina orientado para a compreensao da mecânica do processo e para um melhor entendimento dos modos de deformaçao que estilo associados a definiçao dos limites de enformabilidade. A investigaiçao teórica foi realizada com base em técnicas de prototipagem virtual assentes no método dos elementos finitos. O trabalho experimental utilizou tubo industrial da liga de aluminio Al6060 (normalizada e envelhecida naturalmente).
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Li, Cheng Fan, Yang Yang Dai, Fei Liu, and Jun Juan Zhao. "Inversion of Aerosol Optical Depth Based on MODIS Remote Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.209.
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The remote sensing technology can accurate inverse the aerosol optical depth so as to demonstrate the haze distribution. Taking the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensor data as the data source, the aerosol optical depth of Shanghai area on December 6, 2013 is inversed from the use of second simulation of satellite signal in the solar spectrum (6S) and NASA V5.2 algorithm, and then the formation has already been analyzed from the three aspects of human activities, weather situation and foreign pollutants. The results show that the inversion aerosol optical depth from MODIS remote sensing image gradually decreased mainly from northwest to southeast, and the foreign pollutants plays the leading role in this haze pollution incidents in a certain weather condition. It can provide the references for haze pollution monitoring and early warning using remote sensor data.
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Jin, Yuyan, Biqiang Zhao, Honglian Hao, et al. "Preliminary Results of the Three-Dimensional Plasma Drift Velocity at East Asian Low-Latitudes Observed by the Sanya Incoherent Scattering Radar (SYISR)." Remote Sensing 15, no. 11 (2023): 2842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15112842.
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As the first advanced modular phase array incoherent scatter radar (ISR) established in the Eastern Hemisphere at low latitudes, Sanya ISR (SYISR) can measure the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity of ion drift in multiple directions, potentially yielding the spatial distribution of ionospheric plasma drift. Three beam-scanning modes are designed for plasma drift detection: meridian, zonal and cross-shaped (both meridian and zonal) plane, which will provide the distribution of plasma drift in latitude/longitude as well as altitude. The altitude profile of plasma drift and the first presented distribution of low latitude plasma drift in the meridian plane for March to May 2021 are inversed through LOS velocity using cross-shaped and meridian beam-scanning modes, respectively. A statistical correlation coefficient between the vpn and crest-to-trough ratio (CTR) of equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) TEC and a case study of magnetic storm response in plasma drift show that the inversed plasma drift can be a good indicator in response to the changes in atmospheric tide and solar wind at different time scales and explain the corresponding ionospheric electron density variations at low and equatorial latitudes. This study proves that the SYISR-measured plasma drift is reliable and will play an important role in the atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetospheric coupling study in the East Asian region.
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Bar, Aníbal Roque. "Razonamiento predictivo de estudiantes universitarios en contextos de formación en biología." Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones en Educación, no. 5 (July 3, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/riie.053686.
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<p>El presente se propone revelar los modos en que se expresa la inferencia predictiva en estudiantes universitarios de biología. La muestra está conformada por veinticinco alumnos del último nivel de la carrera. El instrumento de recolección de datos está constituido por dos tareas, la primera de ellas requiere la elaboración de predicciones al modo deductivo clásico, en tanto que la segunda lo hace mediante el uso de análogos. Los estudiantes muestran mediana eficacia predictiva, y dicha capacidad no difiere sustancialmente si se realiza de manera deductiva o analógica. Se advierte que las relaciones directas o inversas entre los factores incidentes, la influencia del tiempo cronológico en los sucesos, y la complejidad del contenido, afectan la asertividad de la predicción.</p>
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Glas, Marjorie. "La transformation du phénomène de consécration artistique dans le champ théâtral français, 1950-1990." Sociologie et sociétés 47, no. 2 (2016): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036348ar.
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L’objectif de cet article est de saisir, à traversl’analyse croisée des parcours des signataires de laDéclaration de Villeurbanne en 1968, l’évolutiondes modes de consécration des carrières des directeurs duthéâtre public en France entre 1950 et 1990. Devant lestransformations de l’univers théâtral et de sesmodes de hiérarchisation, certains directeursd’établissement ont été en mesure des’ajuster à cause du moment et de leur mode initiald’entrée dans l’espace théâtral, deleurs dispositions et de leurs ressources relationnelles, tandis qued’autres, pour des raisons symétriquement inverses,n’ont pas été en mesure de faire le travaild’adaptation et d’ajustement nécessaire pourconserver leur position dominante. Ainsi, la transformation des formesde socialisation, l’interdépendance croissante entremembres du champ théâtral, la transformation descritères de reconnaissance artistique et l’importancegrandissante du positionnement politique et institutionnel des agentscontribuent à disqualifier les carrières marquéespar le travail de troupe et l’action culturelle et à faireémerger à contrario deux figures incontournables du champthéâtral actuel : le metteur en scène et leprogrammateur.
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Hua, Zhenqun, Weiwei Sun, Gang Yang, and Qian Du. "A Full-Coverage Daily Average PM2.5 Retrieval Method with Two-Stage IVW Fused MODIS C6 AOD and Two-Stage GAM Model." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (2019): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131558.
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Current PM2.5 retrieval maps have many missing values, which seriously hinders their performance in real applications. This paper presents a framework to map full-coverage daily average PM2.5 concentrations from MODIS C6 aerosol optical depth (AOD) products and fill missing pixels in both the AOD and PM2.5 maps. First, a two-stage inversed variance weights (IVW) algorithm was adopted to fuse the MODIS C6 Terra and Aqua AOD products, which fills missing data in MODIS standard AOD data and obtains a high coverage daily average. After that, using the fused MODIS daily average AOD and ground-level PM2.5 in all grid cells, a two-stage generalized additive model (GAM) was implemented to obtain the full-coverage PM2.5 concentrations. Experiments on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in 2013–2016 were carefully designed to validate the performance of our proposed framework. The results show that the two-stage IVW could not only improve the spatial coverage of MODIS AOD against the original standard product by 230%, but could also keep its data accuracy. When compared with the ground-level measurements, the two-stage GAM can obtain accurate PM2.5 concentration estimates (R2 = 0.78, RMSE = 19.177 μg/m3, and RPE = 28.9%). Moreover, our method performs better than the inverse distance weighted method and kriging methods in mapping full-coverage daily PM2.5 concentrations. Therefore, the proposed framework provides a good methodology for retrieving full-coverage daily average PM2.5 concentrations from MODIS standard AOD products.
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Chartier, Denis. "ONG internationales environnementalistes et politiques forestières tropicales." Anthropologie et Sociétés 29, no. 1 (2005): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011742ar.
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Résumé L’analyse critique de la campagne de Greenpeace consacrée à la protection de l’Amazonie, entre le milieu des années 1990 et le début des années 2000, révèle l’impact contradictoire des ONG internationales sur les politiques forestières tropicales. D’un côté, l’ONG participe avec succès au maintien sur les agendas nationaux et internationaux de la question de la bonne gestion des forêts tropicales. Elle réussit aussi à apporter une aide conséquente à certaines populations locales, tout en étant l’un des principaux promoteurs de nouveaux concepts, de nouvelles normes et de nouvelles politiques. De l’autre, certaines logiques internes entraînent des choix stratégiques qui conduisent Greenpeace à engager et porter des normes et des représentations n’intégrant pas toujours la complexité inhérente aux milieux forestiers tropicaux. Cela peut amenuiser les débats visant à mettre à jour les meilleurs modes de conservation et de gestion de ces espaces forestiers. Ces dynamiques peuvent aussi produire les effets inverses de ceux qui sont escomptés.
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Instituto, de Investigación y. Ciencias Aplicadas. "Desarrollo e Implementación de una interfaz hombre-máquina a un banco de pruebas empleado para la validación de métodos inversos de identificación de fallas en sistemas rotodinámicos." RICT Revista de Investigación Científica, Tecnológica e Innovación 3, no. 5 (2025): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15175738.
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Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una interfaz hombre-máquina (HMI) para optimizar un banco de pruebas destinado a la detección no invasiva de fallas en sistemas rotodinámicos. La propuesta destaca por su facilidad de uso, dirigida tanto a especialistas como estudiantes, convirtiéndola en una herramienta valiosa para enseñanza e investigación en ingeniería. Además, introduce estrategias que facilitan la comprensión y el avance en esta área. La HMI incluye una pantalla táctil que permite controlar intuitivamente el sistema: regular la velocidad del motor trifásico mediante ajustes de frecuencia, seleccionar el sentido de giro y detener operaciones en emergencias. Todo ocurre en tiempo real mientras sensores distribuidos estratégicamente recopilan datos precisos y eficientes. Esta solución responde a la necesidad de implementar tecnologías avanzadas y formar profesionales capacitados. Permite a los estudiantes ganar experiencia práctica con equipos industriales y prepararse para desafíos reales. Este enfoque enriquece la formación académica, promueve competencias profesionales y beneficia a la sociedad al integrar mejoras tecnológicas relevantes en los planes de estudio, fortaleciendo la conexión entre educación y sector industrial.
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Zhang, Yun, Kenan Zhang, Tianning Zhang, Yan Sun, Xin Chen, and Ning Dai. "Distinguishing plasmonic absorption modes by virtue of inversed architectures with tunable atomic-layer-deposited spacer layer." Nanotechnology 25, no. 50 (2014): 504004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/504004.
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Zhao, Pingnan, Lijun Liu, and Ying Lei. "Identification of Wind Loads on Structures Based on Modal Kalman Filter with Unknown Inputs." Buildings 12, no. 7 (2022): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071003.
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Wind loads on structures are difficult to directly measure, so it is practical to identify structural wind loads based on the measurements of structural responses. However, this inversed problem is challenging compared with conventional load identification as wind loads are time-space coupled and spatially distributed dynamic loads on structures. An improved method is proposed for identifying wind loads on structures using only partial measurements of structural acceleration responses in this paper. First, the wind loads on a structure are decomposed by proper orthogonal decomposition as a series of time-space decoupled sub-distributed dynamic loads with independent basic spatial distribution functions and time history functions. Herein, structural modes are adopted as the basic spatial distribution functions and structural modes of discretized and continuous structural systems are investigated. Then, a history function of the decomposed wind load is identified in the modal domain based on modal Kalman filter with unknown inputs, which is proposed by the authors. Finally, the distributed wind loads are reconstructed for discrete or continuous structural systems. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is verified by two numerical examples of identification of wind loads on a discrete shear frame and a wind turbine tower, respectively.
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Trzaska, S., V. Moron, and B. Fontaine. "Global atmospheric response to specific linear combinations of the main SST modes. Part I: numerical experiments and preliminary results." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 10 (1996): 1066–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1066-7.
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Abstract. This article investigates through numerical experiments the controversial question of the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena on climate according to large-scale and regional-scale interhemispheric thermal contrast. Eight experiments (two considering only inversed Atlantic thermal anomalies and six combining ENSO warm phase with large-scale interhemispheric contrast and Atlantic anomaly patterns) were performed with the Météo-France atmospheric general circulation model. The definition of boundary conditions from observed composites and principal components is presented and preliminary results concerning the month of August, especially over West Africa and the equatorial Atlantic are discussed. Results are coherent with observations and show that interhemispheric and regional scale sea-surface-temperature anomaly (SST) patterns could significantly modulate the impact of ENSO phenomena: the impact of warm-phase ENSO, relative to the atmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP) climatology, seems stronger when embedded in global and regional SSTA patterns representative of the post-1970 conditions [i.e. with temperatures warmer (colder) than the long-term mean in the southern hemisphere (northern hemisphere)]. Atlantic SSTAs may also play a significant role.
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Dyks, J., P. Weltevrede, and C. Ilie. "Circular polarization in radio pulsar PSR B1451−68: coherent mode transitions and intrabeam interference." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 2 (2020): 2156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3762.
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ABSTRACT The radio emission of pulsar B1451−68 contains two polarization modes of similar strength, which produce two clear orthogonal polarization angle tracks. When viewed on a Poincaré sphere, the emission is composed of two flux patches that rotate meridionally as a function of pulse longitude and pass through the Stokes V poles, which results in transitions between orthogonal polarization modes (OPMs). Moreover, the ratio of power in the patches is inversed once within the profile window. It is shown that the meridional circularization is caused by a coherent OPM transition (COMT) produced by a varying mode ratio at a fixed quarter-wave phase lag. The COMTs may be ubiquitous and difficult to detect in radio pulsar data, because they can leave no trace in polarized fractions and they are described by equation similar to the rotating vector model. The circularization, which coincides with flux minima at lower frequency, requires that profile components are formed by radiation with an oscillation phase that increases with longitude in steps of 90○ per component. The properties can be understood as an interference pattern involving two pairs of linear orthogonal modes (or two non-orthogonal elliptic waves). The frequency-dependent coherent superposition of coplanar oscillations can produce the minima in the pulse profile, and thereby the illusion of components as separate entities. The orthogonally polarized signal that is left after such negative interference explains the enhancement of polarization degree that is commonly observed in the minima between profile components.
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Willatts, S. M. "Alternative modes of ventilation. Part II. High and low frequency positive pressure ventilation PEEP, CPAP inversed ratio ventilation." Intensive Care Medicine 11, no. 3 (1985): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00258535.
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Zeng, Chen, and Hui Ping Xu. "Temporal and Spatial SST (Sea Surface Temperature) Distribution and its Impact on Chlorophyll - A Concentration in Southern Ocean during 2002-2012." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1197.
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Sea Surface Temperature (SST) has great impact on algae growth in ocean. And the variation of SST closely relate with global climate. As 1/5 of the greatest ocean, southern ocean SST temporal and spatial distribution needs wide attention. We uses MODIS SST inversed algorithm to find its regulation in this decade (October 2002 to March 2012, October to December and January to March a year). Significant annual cycles appears that SST rises from October and falls in February, while area >70° has peak in January. SST decreases with latitude ascending from spatial distribution. Through in high latitude, Ross Sea, Prydz Bay and Weddell Sea enjoy quite high temperature comparing to its adjacent area in same period. Almost whole blooms occur in these three seas in December, January and February, among which Prydz Bay has the highest suitable SST with 0.3-1.7°C, Amundsen Sea has the second with-0.2-0.3°C, Ross Sea has the lowest with-0.9- -0.8°C. Amundsen Sea owns the vigorous bloom and the narrowest suitable temperature period.
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Rovenko, E. V. "Проблема «инверсионного минора» и ее риманианские корни в интерпретации Венсана д’Энди". Научный вестник Московской консерватории, № 4(43) (24 грудня 2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/mosconsv.2020.43.4.002.
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The article explores the specific concept of the “inverted minor” suggested by Vincent d’Indy. The reference point for the French musician was the theory of undertones by Hugo Riemann, whom d’Indy esteemed. With that, elaborating ideas of the German theorist, d’Indy extends the principle of symmetry of the series of overtones and undertones to the structure of scales (major and minor), as well as to the functional system of modes. The minor scale is built downward (the highest-pitched tone of the scale becomes the reference tone and the starting point), and the triad build from the fifth sound from the top (the second reference tone of the mode) is considered to be the dominant (opposite to the Riemannian understanding of this chord). However, d’Indy’s system, logic in theory, turns out to be inapplicable in practice without a number of reservations: thus, analysing Beethoven’s music and his own, d’Indy defines the actual pitch position of a minor as if its tonic is not the highest-pitched tone of the scale, but the fifth from the top (which corresponds to natural auditory perception, but does not correspond to the principle of complete symmetry of all components of the major and minor modes proclaimed by d’Indy). Seeking to avoid reproaches for arbitrary construction of quite an unusual scale, d’Indy substantiates the logic of the “inverted minor” from the historical point of view. As an example he gives folk tunes and addresses the reader to the medieval monody; he also points out Beethoven’s attempts to revive the modal system of eight church tones in his late quartets. According to his lectures, collected in the Cours de composition musicale, d’Indy considered his mission as a composer and a teacher to follow the similar way, liberating the creative practice from the dominance of the artificial minor. Статья посвящена оригинальной концепции «инверсионного минора», предложенной Венсаном д’Энди. Отравной точкой для рассуждений французского музыканта становится теория унтертонов весьма почитаемого им Хуго Римана. При этом, развивая идеи немецкого теоретика, д’Энди распространяет принцип симметрии рядов обертонов и унтертонов на структуру звукорядов (мажорного и минорного), а также на функциональную систему ладов. Минорный звукоряд строится сверху вниз (устоем и точкой отсчета становится верхний звук гаммы), а трезвучие, отстраивающееся от пятого сверху звука (второго устоя лада), трактуется как доминанта (в отличие от римановской трактовки подобного созвучия). Однако конструкция д’Энди, стройная в теории, оказывается неприменимой на практике без ряда оговорок: в частности, анализируя музыку Бетховена и собственную, д’Энди определяет конкретную высотную позицию минора так, будто бы его тоника — не верхний звук гаммы, а пятый сверху (что соответствует естественному слуховому восприятию, но не соответствует провозглашенному д’Энди принципу полной симметрии всех компонентов мажорного и минорного ладов). Стремясь, очевидно, избежать обвинений в произвольном построении столь необычного лада, д’Энди обосновывает с исторической точки зрения логичность «инверсионного минора». Он приводит в пример народные мелодии и адресует к средневековой монодии, а также обращает внимание на попытки Л. ван Бетховена возродить модальную систему восьми церковных тонов (фр. modes ecclésiastiques) в поздних квартетах cis-moll и a-moll. Свою миссию композитора и педагога д’Энди, судя по его лекциям, собранным в «Курсе музыкальной композиции», видит в том, чтобы идти по аналогичному пути, освобождая творческую практику от засилья «искусственного минора».
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Bhagyalaxmi, Behera, Kumar Varshney Shailendra, and Narayan Mohanty Mihir. "Inverse modeling of few-mode fiber for high-speed optical communication networks." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 21, no. 2 (2023): 253–63. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v21i2.23773.
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Few-mode fibers have been used in contemporary communication with mode multiplexing and space-division-multiplexing techniques to enhance the capacity crunch in recent communication links. The design parameters of the proposed fiber are predicted through machine learning-based inverse design approach, using regression model. The proposed few-mode fibre profile parameters are predicted with an accuracy of 99.95% to guide five to ten modes with weak coupling among the guided modes. In second phase of this work, the authors used a finite difference method-based solver to obtain the modal characteristics of the proposed fibre with predicted parameters for six guided modes, namely, LP<sub>01</sub>, LP<sub>11</sub>, LP<sub>21</sub>, LP<sub>31</sub>, LP<sub>41</sub>, and LP<sub>51</sub>. The numerical simulation results show that the predicted profile parameter maximizes effective mode-area and minimizes the inter-channel crosstalk for mode division multiplexing transmission over C-band. Besides this, the proposed ring-core few-mode fiber also exhibits nearly zero-dispersion for LP<sub>01 </sub>mode at 1550 nm along with low dispersion for other higher-order modes. Finally, an intensity-modulation and direct-detection mode multiplexed transmission link without erbium-doped fiber amplifier is established with six-spatial channels over 50 km and an attenuation of 0.18 dB/km to achieve minimum bit-error-rate of 4.45×10<sup>-9</sup>.
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Shi, C., S. Wang, R. Zhou, et al. "Aerosol optical properties during dust and biomass burning episodes retrieved from sun-photometer over Shanghai." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 6 (2013): 11011–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11011-2013.
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Abstract. Ground-based observation over Shanghai was carried out from 28 March to 25 June 2013 in an urban site at Fudan University (31°18' N, 121°29' E). Utilizing a sun/sky radiometer (CE318), aerosol properties including thickness, scattering, asymmetry, and particle size distribution were inversed for two types (dust and biomass burning). Dust aerosol showed large optical depth (AOD at 440 nm ~ 1.06) with small value of Ångström parameter (α) around 0.74, indicating the strong optical extinction capability of large-size particles. Aerosol loading (~ 0.72 at 440 nm) was discovered to be coupled with large α (> 1.05) for biomass smoke. The particle size distribution was dominated by the coarse mode for dust with high concentration ratio between coarse and fine mode (VC/VF ~ 3.76). Biomass burning particle primarily accumulated around 0.17 μm and performed smaller VC/VF (~ 0.99). Aerosol in fine mode mainly accounted for the optical extinction process in Shanghai as its volume concentration was well-correlated with AOD (R ~ 0.88 in average condition). The value of single scattering albedo (SSA) during agricultural residue burning displayed variation from 0.902 to 0.922 with a descending trend at 670–1020 nm while SSA increased at all wavelengths for dust aerosol. The negative correlation between SSA · AOD and α was analyzed to capture the order of scattering capability: urban/industrial < biomass < dust aerosol. Higher value of asymmetry factor at 1020 nm (~ 0.652) of dust aerosol was found compared to average condition and biomass smoke (both were equaled to 0.625), imposing the enhanced forward scattering of dust particles in NIR band. The validation of AOD vs. MODIS showed errors in dust and biomass samples, which may be attributed to the variable SSA in YRD. The ascending deviation also existed in clear condition, which could be caused by the overestimation of ground reflectance in MODIS algorithm.
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Ivanov, Yuri, Tatyana Pleshakova, Kristina Malsagova, et al. "Detection of Marker miRNAs, Associated with Prostate Cancer, in Plasma Using SOI-NW Biosensor in Direct and Inversion Modes." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235248.
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Information about the characteristics of measuring chips according to their storage conditions is of great importance for clinical diagnosis. In our present work, we have studied the capability of chips to detect nanowire biosensors when they are either freshly prepared or have been stored for either one or two years in a clean room. Potential to detect DNA oligonucleotides (oDNAs)—synthetic analogues of microRNAs (miRNAs) 198 and 429 that are associated with the development of prostate cancer (PCa)—in buffer solution was demonstrated using a nanowire biosensor based on silicon-on-insulator structures (SOI-NW biosensor). To provide biospecific detection, nanowire surfaces were sensitized with oligonucleotide probes (oDNA probes) complimentary to the known sequences of miRNA 183 and 484. In this study it is demonstrated that freshly prepared SOI-NW biosensor chips with n-type conductance and immobilized oDNA probes exhibit responses to the addition of complimentary oDNAs in buffer, leading to decreases in chips’ conductance at a concentration of 3.3 × 10−16 M. The influence of storage time on the characteristics of SOI-NW biosensor chips is also studied herein. It is shown that a two-year storage of the chips leads to significant changes in their characteristics, resulting in “inverse” sensitivity toward negatively charged oDNA probes (i.e., through an increase in chips’ conductance). It is concluded that the surface layer makes the main contribution to conductance of the biosensor chip. Our results indicate that the detection of target nucleic acid molecules can be carried out with high sensitivity using sensor chips after long-term storage, but that changes in their surface properties, which lead to inversed detection signals, must be taken into account. Examples of the applications of such chips for the detection of cancer-associated microRNAs in plasma samples of patients with diagnosed prostate cancer are given. The results obtained herein are useful for the development of highly sensitive nanowire-based diagnostic systems for the revelation of (prostate) cancer-associated microRNAs in human plasma.
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Izquierdo Sebastián, Joaquín, Rafael Pérez, Vicente S. Fuertes, Pedro L. Iglesias, and Amparo López. "Matemáticas para la industria del agua." Ingeniería del agua 11, no. 2 (2004): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ia.2004.2526.
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En el campo del agua existe una enorme diversidad de actividades e intereses y, por tanto, de áreas de trabajo. Los problemas que se plantean en estas áreas son auténticos problemas de ingeniería y, como consecuencia, las ayudas que ciertas técnicas de Matemática Aplicada pueden prestar son realmente importantes. Por un lado, es preciso disponer de herramientas de análisis que permitan realizar simulaciones fiables de los distintos modelos que se plantean analizando diversas configuraciones, modos de funcionamiento, estados de carga, etc. con los que estudiar instalaciones ya existentes a partir de los datos básicos que las caracterizan. Se trata de procesos deterministas cuya plasmación matemática es a través de conjuntos acoplados de distintos tipos de ecuaciones, algebraicas, diferenciales ordinarias y en derivadas parciales, típicamente no lineales, para los que se precisan técnicas numéricas específicas. Además, dada la incertidumbre a que están sometidos muchos de los datos (especialmente en configuraciones ya existentes), resulta, con frecuencia, necesario resolver problemas inversos de gran envergadura, en donde, además, otras técnicas (estadísticas, mínimo cuadráticas, etc.) son de gran interés. Por otra parte, se necesita diseñar para realizar configuraciones nuevas. Con frecuencia, la ausencia de datos iniciales y la disposición de conjuntos limitados de restricciones de tipo diverso (algunas difícilmente objetivables), hacen de los procesos de diseño verdaderos problemas de optimización, en donde los métodos clásicos fracasan con frecuencia y para los que técnicas más actuales basadas en redes neuronales, algoritmos genéticos, teoría difusa, teoría del caos, etc. Se hacen imprescindibles. En este documento se presentan los aspectos matemáticos más importantes que se necesitan en algunos de los puntos del ciclo integral del agua haciendo hincapié de manera especial en los temas de mayor actualidad.
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He, Qianwen, and Frank Molkenthin. "Improving the integrated hydrological simulation on a data-scarce catchment with multi-objective calibration." Journal of Hydroinformatics 23, no. 2 (2021): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2021.132.
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Abstract The process-based hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool ensures the simulation's reliability by calibration. Compared to the commonly applied single-objective calibration, multi-objective calibration benefits the spatial parameterization and the simulation of specific processes. However, the requirements of additional observations and the practical procedure are among the reasons to prevent the wider application of the multi-objective calibration. This study proposes to consider three groups of objectives for the calibration: multisite, multi-objective function, and multi-metric. For the study catchment with limited observations like the Yuan River Catchment (YRC) in China, the three groups corresponded to discharge from three hydrometric stations, both Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and inversed NSE for discharge evaluation, and MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration product and baseflow filtered from discharge as metrics, respectively. The applicability of two multi-objective calibration approaches, the Euclidean distance and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II, was analyzed to calibrate the above-mentioned objectives for the YRC. Results show that multi-objective calibration has simultaneously ensured the model's better performance in terms of the spatial parameterization, the magnitude of the output time series, and the water balance components, and it also reduces the parameter and prediction uncertainty. The study thus leads to a generalized, recommended procedure for catchments with data scarcity to perform the multi-objective calibration.
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Han, Xiaofeng, Xianghui Cui, Lin Ding, and Zengshun Li. "Establishment of PM2.5 Prediction Model Based on MAIAC AOD Data of High Resolution Remote Sensing Images." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 03 (2019): 1954009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001419540090.
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Long-term exposure to seriously polluted atmospheric environment is closely related to a variety of human diseases. The long-term and continuous monitoring of PM[Formula: see text] (the aerodynamic particle diameter is less than or equal to 2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m) is of great significance as it is one of the major air pollutants. Because of the small number of PM[Formula: see text] monitoring stations in China, it is very difficult to accurately estimate the continuous scale of air pollution, but PM[Formula: see text] concentration can be acquired by using the aerosol products inversed by remote sensing data. However, due to the limitation of the inversion algorithm, the traditionally used moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products cannot meet the precision and practical requirements in both spatial resolution and effective numerical coverage. This paper adopts MAIAC AOD, i.e. the aerosol optical depth (AOD) products produced by using the new multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) algorithm, and we take the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in China as the research area. Based on the neural network algorithm, the MAIAC AOD data is mainly used and the meteorological parameter data is supplemented to establish the PM[Formula: see text] concentration prediction model to obtain the PM[Formula: see text] concentration distribution map. The prediction accuracy, the effective numerical coverage and spatial resolution have been greatly improved.
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K., M. Vasyliv. "Method of dynamic parameters for mathematical modelling of switching processes of valves closing of semiconductor converters." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 3 (May 30, 2022): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2022.3.05.
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<em>A method has been developed for mathematical modeling of valve frequency converters (VFC) based on an analysis of the nature of the occurrence and patterns of the flow of inverse current of valves when they are locked using the dynamic parameters of valves, which are series-connected inductance and active resistance, changing in accordance with the pattern of concentration dynamics charges in semiconductor structures (bases, emitters and p-n junctions. Taking into account the presence of the inverse current of semiconductor valves significantly increases the level of adequacy of mathematical modeling of VFCs of arbitrary structure and purpose and in arbitrary modes of their operation, including asymmetric and emergency transient electromagnetic processes of electrotechnical complexes with VFCs, not only during the time interval of switching (closing) of valves, but throughout the entire time modeling.</em>
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Buddenbaum, H., J. Hientgen, S. Dotzler, W. Werner, and J. Hill. "A BiomeBGC-based Evaluation of Dryness Stress of Central European Forests." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-345-2015.
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Dryness stress is expected to become a more common problem in central European forests due to the predicted regional climate change. Forest management has to adapt to climate change in time and think ahead several decades in decisions on which tree species to plant at which locations. The summer of 2003 was the most severe dryness event in recent time, but more periods like this are expected. Since forests on different sites react quite differently to drought conditions, we used the process-based growth model BiomeBGC and climate time series from sites all over Germany to simulate the reaction of deciduous and coniferous tree stands in different characteristics of drought stress. Times with exceptionally high values of water vapour pressure deficit coincided with negative modelled values of net primary production (NPP). In addition, in these warmest periods the usually positive relationship between temperature and NPP was inversed, i.e., under stress conditions, more sunlight does not lead to more photosynthesis but to stomatal closure and reduced productivity. Thus we took negative NPP as an indicator for drought stress. In most regions, 2003 was the year with the most intense stress, but the results were quite variable regionally. We used the Modis MOD17 gross and net primary production product time series and MOD12 land cover classification to validate the spatial patterns observed in the model runs and found good agreement between modelled and observed behaviour. Thus, BiomeBGC simulations with realistic site parameterization and climate data in combination with species- and variety-specific ecophysiological constants can be used to assist in decisions on which trees to plant on a given site.
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Конева, Светлана, Svetlana Koneva, Елена Егорова, et al. "The Effect of Flaxseed Flour on the Rheological Properties of Dough Made of Flaxseed and Wheat Flour and Bread Quality." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 49, no. 1 (2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2019-1-85-96.
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Flax seeds are a valuable source of several active components and can be used for controlled modeling of bakery food value. The study featured flour mixes of first grade wheat flour and flaxseed flour (flax meal) in the ratio 92.5%:7.5%; 90.0%:10.0%, and 87.5%:12.5%. The rheological properties of the dough were studied using the Mixolab (Chopin Technologies, France). The laboratory was located at the Polzunov Altai State Technical University (Barnaul, Russia). The mixolabogram and radial diagram were used to define the differences in the parameters of the rheological profile of the 4 flour samples. With the increase of flaxseed flour in the composition, the mixing time increased from 5.58 to 5.77 minutes, and the stable state of the dough became longer: from 9.25 to 9.67 minutes. The water ab-sorption capacity of flour mixes directly depended on the dosage of flax flour and increased from 69.4 to 72.9%. However, viscosity, amylolytic activity, and retrogradation revealed inversed dependence on the dosage of flax flour. The moisture content of the dough increased from 47.0 to 50.0% and the initial acidity of the dough increased from 2.5 to 3.5 degree with the increasing dosage of flax flour, which changed the dynamics of acidification during fermentation. This resulted in a more rapid maturation of dough and reduced the total fermentation period from 90 to 60 minutes. Thus, the flax flour mixes can be characterized as “fillers” that produce bread of reduced volume. The authors state the optimal dosage of flax flour as 7.5–10.0% and propose various modes of the technological process for obtaining bread with good consumer properties.
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Yang, Jian, Yanmin Shuai, Junbo Duan, Donghui Xie, Qingling Zhang, and Ruishan Zhao. "Impact of BRDF Spatiotemporal Smoothing on Land Surface Albedo Estimation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (2022): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092001.
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Surface albedo, as a key parameter determining the partition of solar radiation at the Earth’s surface, has been developed into a satellite-based product from various Earth observation systems to serve numerous global or regional applications. Studies point out that apparent uncertainty can be introduced into albedo retrieval without consideration of surface anisotropy, which is a challenge to albedo estimation especially from observations with fewer angular samplings. Researchers have begun to introduce smoothed anisotropy prior knowledge into albedo estimation to improve the inversion efficiency, or for the scenario of observations with signal or poor angular sampling. Thus, it is necessary to further understand the potential influence of smoothed anisotropy features adopted in albedo estimation. We investigated the albedo variation induced by BRDF smoothing at both temporal and spatial scales over six typical landscapes in North America using MODIS standard anisotropy products with high quality BRDF inversed from multi-angle observations in 500 m and 5.6 km spatial resolutions. Components of selected typical landscapes were assessed with the confidence of the MCD12 land cover product and 30 m CDL (cropland data layer) classification maps followed by an evaluation of spatial heterogeneity in 30 m scale through the semi-variogram model. High quality BRDF of MODIS standard anisotropy products were smoothed in multi-temporal scales of 8 days, 16 days, and 32 days, and in multi-spatial scales from 500 m to 5.6 km. The induced relative and absolute albedo differences were estimated using the RossThick-LiSparseR model and BRDFs smoothed before and after spatiotemporal smoothing. Our results show that albedo estimated using BRDFs smoothed temporally from daily to monthly over each scenario exhibits relative differences of 11.3%, 12.5%, and 27.2% and detectable absolute differences of 0.025, 0.012, and 0.013, respectively, in MODIS near-infrared (0.7–5.0 µm), short-wave (0.3–5.0 µm), and visible (0.3–0.7 µm) broad bands. When BRDFs of investigated landscapes are smoothed from 500 m to 5.6 km, variations of estimated albedo can achieve up to 36.5%, 37.1%, and 94.7% on relative difference and absolute difference of 0.037, 0.024, and 0.018, respectively, in near-infrared (0.7–5.0 µm), short wave (0.3–5.0 µm), and visible (0.3–0.7 µm) broad bands. In addition, albedo differences caused by temporal smoothing show apparent seasonal characteristic that the differences are significantly higher in spring and summer than those in autumn and winter, while albedo differences induced by spatial smoothing exhibit a noticeable relationship with sill values of a fitted semi-variogram marked by a correlation coefficient of 0.8876. Both relative and absolute albedo differences induced by BRDF smoothing are demonstrated to be captured, thus, it is necessary to avoid the smoothing process in quantitative remote sensing communities, especially when immediate anisotropy retrievals are available at the required spatiotemporal scale.
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Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria, Barbara Griefahn, Vinzent Rolny, and Mathias Basner. "Comparing the Effects of Road, Railway, and Aircraft Noise on Sleep: Exposure–Response Relationships from Pooled Data of Three Laboratory Studies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061073.
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Objectives: Air, road, and railway traffic, the three major sources of traffic noise, have been reported to differently impact on annoyance. However, these findings may not be transferable to physiological reactions during sleep which are considered to decrease nighttime recovery and might mediate long-term negative health effects. Studies on awakenings from sleep indicate that railway noise, while having the least impact on annoyance, may have the most disturbing properties on sleep compared to aircraft noise. This study presents a comparison between the three major traffic modes and their probability to cause awakenings. In combining acoustical and polysomnographical data from three laboratory studies sample size and generalizability of the findings were increased. Methods: Data from three laboratory studies were pooled, conducted at two sites in Germany (German Aerospace Center, Cologne, and Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund). In total, the impact of 109,836 noise events on polysomnographically assessed awakenings was analyzed in 237 subjects using a random intercept logistic regression model. Results: The best model fit according to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) included different acoustical and sleep parameters. After adjusting for these moderators results showed that the probability to wake up from equal maximum A-weighted sound pressure levels (SPL) increased in the order aircraft < road < railway noise, the awakening probability from road and railway noise being not significantly different (p = 0.988). At 70 dB SPL, it was more than 7% less probable to wake up due to aircraft noise than due to railway noise. Conclusions: The three major traffic noise sources differ in their impact on sleep. The order with which their impact increased was inversed compared to the order that was found in annoyance surveys. It is thus important to choose the correct concept for noise legislation, i.e., physiological sleep metrics in addition to noise annoyance for nighttime noise protection.
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Frehner, Marcel. "Krauklis wave initiation in fluid-filled fractures by seismic body waves." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 1 (2014): T27—T35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0093.1.
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Krauklis waves are a special wave mode that is bound to and propagates along fluid-filled fractures. They can repeatedly propagate back and forth along a fracture and eventually fall into resonance emitting a seismic signal with a dominant characteristic frequency. They are of great interest because this resonant behavior can lead to strongly frequency-dependent propagation effects for seismic body waves and may explain seismic tremor generation in volcanic areas or affect microseismic signals in fractured fluid reservoirs. It has been demonstrated that Krauklis waves can be initiated by a seismic source inside the fracture, for example by hydrofracturing. Here, the aim is to study Krauklis wave initiation by an incident plane P- or S-wave in numerical simulations. Both seismic body waves are reflected and scattered at the fracture, but also, two Krauklis waves are initiated with significant amplitude, one at each fracture tip (i.e., at the diffraction-points of the fracture). Generally, the incident S-wave initiates larger-amplitude Krauklis waves compared to the incident P-wave case. For both incident wave modes, the initiation of Krauklis waves strongly depends on the fracture orientation. In the case of an incident P-wave, large-amplitude Krauklis waves are initiated at moderate (12°–40°) and high ([Formula: see text]) inclination angles of the fracture with a distinct gap at approximately 50°. The dependency of Krauklis wave initiation on fracture orientation is almost inversed in the case of an incident S-wave and the largest-amplitude Krauklis waves are initiated at an S-wave incidence angle of approximately 50°. The initiation of large-amplitude Krauklis waves by both P- and S-waves has important implications for earthquake signals propagating through fluid-bearing fractured rocks (volcanic areas, fluid-reservoirs) or for seismic exploration surveys in fractured reservoir situations.
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Tao, Yuqiang, and Pengjun Sun. "Numerical study of impurity effects on ion temperature gradient modes in tokamak edge plasmas based on Euler matrix eigenvalue method." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, May 31, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/acda5d.
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Abstract Low-Z impurity injection is widely used for divertor detachment operation in present tokamaks, while the impurity effects on the main plasma is not fully understood yet. In this paper, the impurity effects on the ITG modes in tokamak edge plasmas is investigated based on Euler matrix eigenvalue method. The eigen-equations with multiple ion species is established from the fundamental gyro-kinetic theory, in which each ion species is treated equally. Efficient gyro-kinetic code is newly developed for numerical study, and the code’s availability to study quasi-linear ITG modes is demonstrated by comparing with existing results. At the pedestal top parameters in EAST high-βp Hmode plasmas, the ITG mode behavior is investigated in pure deuterium plasmas and with impurities. Impurities can induce destabilizing or stabilizing effect on ITG modes, determined by the impurity density scale length. Inwardly peaked impurity density profile tends to reduce the ITG growth rate. And the effect strength also increases with the impurity charge concentration. The effects of impurity species are also studied including boron, carbon, neon and argon. Numerical results show that the strength of destabilizing or stabilizing effect inverses with impurity ion charge at the same effective charge.
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Guleria, Vikrant, Vivek Kumar, and Pradeep Kumar Singh. "Surface roughness estimation using vibration characteristics extracted by variational mode decomposition in turning." Engineering Research Express, May 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad476f.
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Abstract This study presents an approach that combines variational mode decomposition (VMD) and relevance vector machine (RVM) as a prediction technique for surface roughness during turning. The method helps machinists detect irregularities during machining, such as looseness in machine parts or tool wear. The study uses work hardened EN8 steel and extracts vibration signal features into five modes. PSO optimized RVM prediction models are developed using these modes with and without combining cutting parameters. The most sensitive mode is selected for accurate surface roughness prediction. The results show that the first mode of decomposition when combined with cutting parameters provides the least mean square error of 0.1095. Surface roughness was found to be primarily influenced inversly by cutting speed and directly by feed rate respectively. The signal with high surface roughness value has high amplitude noise scattered over the large frequency range. The first decomposed mode of vibration signal increases noise with a large amplitude as surface roughness increases. The approach can be integrated into a microcontroller to regulate machine settings based on vibration data.
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BENABDOUALLAH, Meryam, and Mustapha JAAD. "Gestion de la performance de la Supply Chain : Application à la logistique inverse." December 12, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4319197.
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La mise en place d’une logistique durable représente aujourd’hui un enjeu de performance et un avantage concurrentiel de la majorité des entreprises de petite, moyenne et grande taille. La notion n’est cependant pas clairement définie, et recouvre des pratiques nombreuses. Les objectifs de la logistique durable se résument ainsi : transporter davantage de marchandises avec un nombre moins élevé d’unités de transport, transporter la marchandise avec toute efficience, promouvoir l’intermodalité dans les modes de transport, et réduire la pollution. La logistique durable peut être vue selon plusieurs facettes : la distribution via un transport combiné ou des modes de transport alternatifs, ou encore la logistique inverse en gérant les flux retournés. L’objectif du présent papier est de déterminer la contribution de la logistique inverse comme étant un levier de la performance des entreprises permettant d’améliorer ainsi leur compétitivité, tout en tenant en compte l’aspect environnemental, commercial et économique par la comparaison des coûts.
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Li, Qian, Xiaoyang Wang, Jingjing Wang, and Yubin Wang. "The impact of livestock farm size on manure disposal modes: sell, give away or self-use." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, August 9, 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170522000187.
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Abstract Two prevailing trends in livestock production include increasing farm sizes and higher recycling rates of manure. Using beef cattle farms in China as a case study, we examine the impact of farm size on farmers' choice of manure disposal modes. Three forms of manure disposal modes are identified: (1) selling to neighboring farmers, (2) giving away to neighboring farmers and (3) self-use. Based on primary data from a field survey of beef cattle farmers in China, we estimate the choice of the above-mentioned three disposal modes using the constrained singular Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model. We find a significant and nonlinear impact of farm size on farmers' choice of manure disposal modes. Specifically, there is a significant and inversed U-shaped relationship between farm size and manure giving away, and a significant U-shaped relationship between farm size and manure selling or self-use. We additionally find several other factors that affect farmers' choice of manure disposal: the educational level of a farmer has a positive impact on manure selling; the better a farmer's physical health condition, the more likely the farmer self uses manure and less likely gives it away; land acquisition, as well as engagement in crop farming, increases manure self-use and reduces manure giving away and selling; the availability of manure treatment facilities reduces manure self-use; and the willingness of nearby crop growers to accept manure significantly decreases manure self-use and increases manure selling and giving away. Policy implications are also discussed.
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Liu, Jiayan, J. Q. Dong, H. R. Du, J. Li, and Z. X. Wang. "Impurity effects on the coupling of TEM and ITG mode in tokamak deuterium–tritium mixture plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 32, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0257515.
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The gyrokinetic integral eigenvalue equation is extended to include the mixing of hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium ions, as the main ion species. Impurity effects on the coupling of the trapped electron mode (TEM) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode are studied in tokamak deuterium–tritium plasmas. A systematic analysis of impurity effects on the mode characteristics are performed over a wide regime of plasma parameters, such as density gradient Lez=Lne/Lnz, charge concentration fz, temperature ratio τz, mass mZ, and charge number Z of impurity ions. The growth rates, real frequencies, mode structures, and poloidal wave kθρH spectrum are presented systematically. It is found that these two instabilities can still strongly or weakly couple in hydrogen isotope-mixing plasmas, and both hybrid and coexistent modes have lower growth rates in higher concentration of tritium plasmas. In strongly coupled cases with certain parameter regimes, impurity ions with Lez=2.0 and Lez=−2.0 play stabilizing and destabilizing roles in hybrid modes, respectively. For weakly coupled cases, the positive Lez has a destabilizing effect on the TEM and a strongly stabilizing effect on the ITG mode, which also expands the coexistent ηi intervals. As kθρH increases from the long wavelength regime to the short, the growth rates of ITG modes rapidly increase to the peak and then decrease to be completely damped (the cases of Lez=2.0) and approach saturation values (the cases of Lez=−2.0), while the stabilizing effect of impurity ions with Lez=−2.0 on the TEM is held in the whole kθρH regime. Additionally, the ŝ and q have stabilizing and destabilizing effects on the hybrid modes, respectively, when Lez=2.0. While the effect of q is inversed from destabilizing to stabilizing with ηi increasing when Lez=−2.0. The coupling of TE-ITG modes is stronger in ŝ=0.5 plasmas than that in ŝ=1.5 plasmas, resulting in the hybrid modes in the former and coexistent TEMs and ITG modes in the latter when the rest parameters are the same, independent of the sign of Lez. The significance of the results for different concentration, temperature, and density gradients of deuterium and tritium are discussed.
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Atencio Cárdenas, Edith, Alejandro González, Blanca González, and Katiuska Marín. "Herramientas financieras del mercado venezolano como alternativas de inversión." Revista Venezolana de Gerencia 13, no. 44 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.31876/revista.v13i44.10512.
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La dinamica natural y los procesos de cambio de los paises que intervienen en el concierto economico- financiero actual, hacen que resulte cada vez mas necesario el analisis de la situacion Financiera de la empresa, siguiendo tanto su propio desarrollo interno como su posicion frente al resto de las empresas que intervienen en el mismo mercado. Por lo tanto el objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar cuales de las herramientas de inversio;n son adecuadas para aplicar en la empresa, logrando acertar la mejor politica de inversion. El tipo de estudio es descriptivo, para lo cual se realizo una revision documental de Modigliani y Millar quienes fueron los primeros estudiosos de los metodos y aproximaciones para la toma de decisiones financieras y sobre los modos de financiacion de las empresas como instrumento tecnico, desarrollados en la decada de los años 50 hasta la actualidad. Los resultados demuestran que las alternativas de inversion siguen teniendo el mismo patron decisorio, sujeto a alternativas diversas todo dentro del contexto contemporaneo en concordancia con las nuevas tendencias de inversion del mercado. A manera de conclusion se pone de manifiesto una cierta acepcion del valor de la empresa ligada a la valoracion del accionista y las obligaciones que se tienen. Sin embargo se logra resaltar como el analisis financiero asume otra nocion de valor cuando se refiere a la posicion que adoptan los eventuales vendedores y compradores de una empresa o parte más o menos importante de la misma, considerando a las herramientas financieras del mercado venezolano como excelentes opciones para la realizacion de inversiones acorde con el capital que disponga la empresa.
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Henault, Jean-Marie, Rafik Moulouel, Thilakson Raveendran, et al. "Development of a portable measuring system using ultrasound guided and surface waves to characterize concrete structures." e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing 27, no. 9 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/27189.
Full textAbstract:
A portable system was developed to be used in lab and on field. The system is composed of one emitter and 60 receivers. All of them are Dry Point Contact sensors, P-wave, S1803 from ACSYS, with a nominal frequency of 100kHz and a wide frequency range from 15kHz to 175kHz. The 60 receivers are equally spaced of 5mm which enables to make measurements over 30cm. The acquisition is made with a two-channels A1560 ACSYS device. We developed an electronic part to multiplex the acquisition of all the receiver signals. A Raspberry-Pi device is used to control four 16-channels analogic multiplexers. We designed and manufactured with a 3D-printer a holder for the DPC sensors and the electronic part. The A1560 device and the Raspberry-pi are controlled with a Python program on a digital tablet. For one acquisition, which lasts a few seconds, 60 a-scans are registered. Several acquisitions are repeated by moving the system of a few centimeters. The results are averaged to lower the incoherent part of the signals due to multi-scattering effects on concrete aggregates. The result is processed with a p-w Transform to get the dispersion diagram and to assess the dispersion curve. In the case of surface waves, when the structure thickness is larger than the smallest wavelength, the dispersion curve can be inversed with a tool like Dinver from Geopsy. The final result is the ultrasound speed profile with depth. In the case of Lamb waves, the dispersion curve is compared to A0 and S0 modes calculated with a tool like Disperse form Imperial College or CIVA frome CEA. This efficient tool is used to study different concrete structures: - thick structure with concrete cover affected by carbonation or leaching, - thin structure like 6cm-thickness and 60cm-diameter concrete/steel/concrete pipes used in the nuclear industry.
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GBEHI, Clément. "Services d'intermédiation dans l'articulation des demandes des petits exploitants maraîchers de la ville de Cotonou, capitale économique du Bénin." African Scientific Journal Vol 03, N°28 (2025). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15005418.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Résumé </strong> Au Bénin comme dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique Subsaharienne, le maraîchage est une forme d’agriculture familiale pratiquée dans les villes. Elle pourvoie non seulement des cultures pour la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle mais aussi des revenus substantiels pour les maraîchers. Un constat dans la ville de Cotonou révèle que l’amélioration de la productivité est modulée par une contrainte majeure : l’accès et la maîtrise de l’eau pour l’arrosage. Pour inverser cette tendance, des aménagements d’irrigation pilotés par la demande des maraîchers sont promus. A partir de recueil de données qualitatives basé sur la perspective des systèmes d’information et de connaissances agricoles, cet article s’est évertué à analyser les mécanismes à l’œuvre qui ont façonné l’effectivité des services fournis. L’analyse met en évidence plusieurs services d’intermédiation déterminant de la conception, du financement et de la mise en forme des demandes de petits maraîchers. Il s’agit des études d’état des lieux, de l’enrôlement des responsables des coopératives et d’autres acteurs pertinents, l’amélioration des connaissances des maraîchers ciblés et la facilitation de l’accès aux crédit et équipements. Ces mécanismes ont affecté positivement l’effectivité des innovations émergentes. Ils ont constitué des services auxquels les petits maraîchers ont activement participé, et interagit avec l’ensemble des acteurs impliqués. Même si le pouvoir de délibération espéré lors de la traduction des demandes n’est pas manifeste, l’évidence permet d’envisager des maraîchers ciblés comme des autonomes dans le choix et le financement des aménagements désirés. Une telle autonomisation est reconnue de nos jours en ce qui concerne de l’articulation des demandes et de l’effectivité des innovations agricoles. <strong>Mots clés : Maraîchage, demande, effectivité des services, innovations agricoles, Bénin.</strong> <strong> </strong> <strong>Abstract </strong> In Benin, as in many countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, gardening is a form of family farming practiced in cities. It provides not only crops for food and nutritional security but also substantial income for gardeners. An observation in the city of Cotonou reveals that the improvement of productivity is modulated by a major constraint: access to and control of water for irrigation. To reverse this trend, irrigation schemes driven by gardeners demand are being promoted. Based on the collection of qualitative data from the perspective of agricultural information and knowledge systems, this article endeavoured to analyze the mechanisms at work that have shaped the effectiveness of the services provided. The analysis highlights several intermediation services that determine the design, financing and shaping of the demands of small gardeners. These are the status studies, the enlistment of cooperative managers and other relevant stakeholders, the improvement of the knowledge of targeted market gardeners and the facilitation of access to credit and equipment. These mechanisms have positively affected the effectiveness of emerging innovations. They have constituted services in which small gardeners have actively participated and interact with all the stakeholders involved. Even if the power of deliberation expected during the translation of requests is not obvious, the evidence allows us to consider targeted gardeners as autonomous in the choice and financing of desired schemes. Such empowerment is recognized today with regard to the articulation of requests and the effectiveness of agricultural innovations. <strong>Keywords: gardening, demand, effectiveness of services, agricultural innovations, Benin.</strong>