Academic literature on the topic 'Moisture amount'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Moisture amount.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Moisture amount"
1
Tužinský, L. "Soil moisture in mountain spruce stand." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (May 17, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11854-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Mountain forests are among the main components of natural environment in Slovakia. They grow mainly in areas with cold climate, on poor soils with unfavorable reaction, often very acidic (pH in H<sub>2</sub>O < 4.5) and with nutrient deficit. Immissions and acid rain attack forests to a great extent. Global climate changes also represent a new threat. Extremes in air temperatures, excessive amounts of precipitation or on the other hand the lack of water from precipitation, torrential rains or long-lasting drought periods are recorded as a result of a higher amount of heat energy accumulation from the greenhouse effect. Spruce forests are most endangered. Spruce with its root system concentrated in the upper soil layers, where also the highest amount of toxic elements accumulates, suffers more and more from dry and warm periods and it begins to wither due to drought. The occurrence of hydropedological cycles with a low or insufficient supply of available water in the soil is most frequent during summer (July, August). If the soil water potential values approach the value of the wilting point, an expressive decrease in transpiration is observed during the day, whereas its daily course is also suppressed. Gradual soil drying up from the upper layers towards the deepest ones of the physiological profile of soil represents a change in soil moisture stratification, especially after moistening the upper layers of soil with water from atmospheric precipitation. The deeper soil layers need not be re-saturated in such a case. Under drought the whole physiological profile of soil dries up in a relatively short time. Trees are exposed to a strong physiological stress in such conditions and after longlasting drought periods they can get into the state of total exhaustion.
2
Yuge, Kozue, and Mitsumasa Anan. "Evaluation of the Effect of Wind Velocity and Soil Moisture Condition on Soil Erosion in Andosol Agricultural Fields (Model Experiment)." Water 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010098.
Full textAbstract:
Soil erosion by the wind is an important phenomenon in drastic soil degradation. In Japan, andosol agricultural field is eroded by the wind and agricultural productivity is significantly affected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of wind velocity and soil moisture condition on the soil erosion in andosol agricultural fields. Also, we determined the timing and amount of irrigation water needed to prevent soil erosion by the wind with respect to the wind and soil moisture conditions. A numerical model to simulate airflow in bare andosol field was developed using a continuity equation and Navier Stokes equations. Wind tunnel experiments which described a bare andosol field were performed to measure the degree of soil erosion for four levels of soil moisture condition and five wind velocities. Using the measured amount of soil transferred by wind, the erodibility parameter in Bagnold’s method that quantifies soil erosion was estimated inversely for four soil moisture values. The amounts of soil erosion calculated using this parameter were in good agreement with the measured amounts. These results indicate that the soil moisture and wind conditions under which soil erosion occurs can be determined and the amount of soil erosion can be predicted. Using these conditions and the erodibility parameter, the amount of irrigation needed for the prevention of soil erosion was quantified and the effect of irrigation on soil erosion was evaluated.
3
Plett, S. "Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 543–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-097.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between grain moisture at harvest and the amount of kernel cracking was evaluated at Brandon, Manitoba. Grain moisture at harvest was closely correlated to percentage kernel cracking. Least amount of kernel cracking occurred with grain moisture ranging from 16.7% for K730 to 22.1% for 3979. Key words: Maize, kernel breakage, grain moisture
4
Li, Jun Xing, Ya Qiu Zhang, Wen Fu Wu, and Chun Shan Liu. "Study on the Effect of Salt Modulation upon the Maize Drying Process." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1412.
Full textAbstract:
A maize drying method of salt modulation is presented in this paper. Based on the thin-layer drying experiment [1], the effects of drying air temperature and salt amount on moisture removal rate is analyzed [2], and mathematical model equation is established on relationship between maize moisture ratio and drying time [3]. The experiment result shows that: a reasonable choice of the amount of salt, air temperature and other process parameters is useful to improve drying rate of maize. Salt modulated drying curve is exponentially. The more salt is added in, the faster the moisture removal rate. However, in the case of excessive salt, there may be a critical point of moisture change in the amount of salt until this point the faster the higher the salt amount, whereas the slower; if the critical changing point is higher than the safety moisture point, generally it will conductive to the maize moisture removal process.
5
DEMIRHAN, E., G. SERT, S. H. HARMANLI, and B. ÖZBEK. "ESTIMATION OF TEA LEAVES MASS TRANSFER PARAMETERS UNDERGOING MICROWAVE HEAT TREATMENT." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 48, no. 2 (March 30, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2018.267.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) were dried in the domestic microwave oven in order to determine the effect of microwave output power and sample amount on moisture ratio, drying time and effective moisture diffusivity. Five different microwave output power (180-900 W) and five different sample amount (20-100 g) values were used in the drying experiments. The drying data were fitted to some empirical and semi empirical models in order to determine the kinetic parameters. Among of the models proposed, the Page model gave a better fit for all drying conditions applied. The effective moisture diffusivity values were calculated by using the method of slopes at various microwave output powers and sample amounts. Moreover, the activation energy was calculated using an exponential expression based on Arrhenius equation.
6
Wang, Meng, Ze Guang Lu, Wan Da Jia, Huai Yan Zhao, and Feng Shuang Wang. "Influence of Relative Humidity on the Moisture Evaporation of Monocomponent Water-Borne Sealer for Wooden Furniture under Forced Drying Condition." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.341.
Full textAbstract:
The moisture evaporation amount and drying velocity of monocomponent sealer on the maple-veneered panels as base materials, under the drying conditions of constant temperature of 30°C and relative humidity varied from 30% to 70%, were measured in this study. The results indicated that the moisture evaporation amount increased, and drying velocity decreased with drying time under the same relative humidity, while the moisture evaporation amount decreased with the increase of relative humidity. The drying velocities were remarkable different under different relative humidities. During the same period of drying time, the difference degree of moisture evaporation amount within the relative humidity range of 30% to 50% was smaller than that within the relative humidity range of 50% to 70%.
7
Moore, M., Z. Kuang, and P. N. Blossey. "A moisture budget perspective of the amount effect." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 4 (February 22, 2014): 1329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058302.
Full text
8
Xie, Hai Min, and Mao De Li. "Wet Transfer Effect on the Oxygen Content in the Underground Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 563 (May 2014): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.563.229.
Full textAbstract:
In this article the research methods and theoretical models of moisture transfer in the porous medium material are reviewed and summarized. The optimal theoretical model of moisture transfer in the underground tunnel is found out. Through the comparison among different calculating methods of surface moisture content, the limestone material moisture equilibrium curve and the variation curve of time-dependent moisture transmission coefficient and the amount of moisture transfer are calculated. Based on all the statistics above, using the state equation of ideal gas, the variation trend of time-dependent oxygen content under the condition that the moisture transfer amount increased in the underground tunnel is gained, making ways and offering reference for further related research.
9
Henneberg, Olga, Felix Ament, and Verena Grützun. "Assessing the uncertainty of soil moisture impacts on convective precipitation using a new ensemble approach." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 9 (May 7, 2018): 6413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6413-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Soil moisture amount and distribution control evapotranspiration and thus impact the occurrence of convective precipitation. Many recent model studies demonstrate that changes in initial soil moisture content result in modified convective precipitation. However, to quantify the resulting precipitation changes, the chaotic behavior of the atmospheric system needs to be considered. Slight changes in the simulation setup, such as the chosen model domain, also result in modifications to the simulated precipitation field. This causes an uncertainty due to stochastic variability, which can be large compared to effects caused by soil moisture variations. By shifting the model domain, we estimate the uncertainty of the model results. Our novel uncertainty estimate includes 10 simulations with shifted model boundaries and is compared to the effects on precipitation caused by variations in soil moisture amount and local distribution. With this approach, the influence of soil moisture amount and distribution on convective precipitation is quantified. Deviations in simulated precipitation can only be attributed to soil moisture impacts if the systematic effects of soil moisture modifications are larger than the inherent simulation uncertainty at the convection-resolving scale.We performed seven experiments with modified soil moisture amount or distribution to address the effect of soil moisture on precipitation. Each of the experiments consists of 10 ensemble members using the deep convection-resolving COSMO model with a grid spacing of 2.8 km. Only in experiments with very strong modification in soil moisture do precipitation changes exceed the model spread in amplitude, location or structure. These changes are caused by a 50 % soil moisture increase in either the whole or part of the model domain or by drying the whole model domain. Increasing or decreasing soil moisture both predominantly results in reduced precipitation rates. Replacing the soil moisture with realistic fields from different days has an insignificant influence on precipitation. The findings of this study underline the need for uncertainty estimates in soil moisture studies based on convection-resolving models.
10
Lakshmi, Venkat. "Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (March 7, 2013): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/424178.
Full textAbstract:
Soil moisture is an important variable in land surface hydrology as it controls the amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and replenishes the water table versus the amount that contributes to surface runoff and to channel flow. However observations of soil moisture at a point scale are very sparse and observing networks are expensive to maintain. Satellite sensors can observe large areas but the spatial resolution of these is dependent on microwave frequency, antenna dimensions, and height above the earth’s surface. The higher the sensor, the lower the spatial resolution and at low elevations the spacecraft would use more fuel. Higher spatial resolution requires larger diameter antennas that in turn require more fuel to maintain in space. Given these competing issues most passive radiometers have spatial resolutions in 10s of kilometers that are too coarse for catchment hydrology applications. Most local applications require higher-spatial-resolution soil moisture data. Downscaling of the data requires ancillary data and model products, all of which are used here to develop high-spatial-resolution soil moisture for catchment applications in hydrology. In this paper the author will outline and explain the methodology for downscaling passive microwave estimation of soil moisture.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moisture amount"
1
Merli, Francesca. "Static and dynamic elastic moduli of historical brick masonry subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and to different moisture amounts." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
Environment conditions and moisture presence in masonry structures may affect durability or even mechanical properties of architectural heritage.
Among all the deterioration causes, the degradation of historic masonry by freeze-thaw cycles and different moisture amount are considered to evaluate their influence on elastic properties.
Therefore, two experimental campaigns were carried out in the present study.
The first one was performed at the Dept. of Geotechincal Engineering at Tongji University, to assess the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on elastic modulus of historic Chinese brick.
The static elastic modulus was evaluated from the compressive strength test on masonry specimens subjected to different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles.
Moreover, strength decay of the masonry was investigated, also analysing data obtained during ultrasonic test (UPV, non-destructive test). The aim of this step was to obtain the dynamic elastic modulus. Thanks to interpolation of the obtained data it was possible to improve the knowledge of the Elasticity modulus’ reduction of historic masonry subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.
The second experimental campaign was performed at DICAM, University of Bologna, on ancient Chinese and Italian bricks, to assess the sensitivity of dynamic elastic modulus to moisture amount. In particular the influence of water presence in the material pores on the UPV measurements.
The close relationship between the ultrasonic pulse velocity and the moisture content was investigated on brick cores in dry, 50% saturated and saturated conditions.
Practical value and one of the main contribution of the experiments was the investigation of external factor and intrinsic properties of porous materials which directly influence the ultrasonic pulse velocity test.
2
Mowforth, Miriam A. G. "Variation in nuclear DNA amounts in flowering plants : an ecological anlaysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326707.
Full text
3
Fischer, William Kevin. "Effect of percentage baghouse fines on the amount of antistripping agent required to control moisture sensitivity." 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11062002-111006/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Full text
4
Huang, Lu-Wei, and 黃律圍. "A study of interaction influence on moisture content of based Plant and water Amount of tile adhesive." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wpsx54.
Full textAbstract:
碩士健行科技大學
土木工程系空間資訊與防災科技碩士班
106
This research is focused on the interactive effects between the amount of water used in the construction process and the water absorption of the wall, and uses different saturation degrees of board to simulate the wall of real situation of construction site , and uses different amounts of water to simulate the practical work. The results show that: (1) According to the original factory, the recommended water consumption is 26 to 28%. The workability viscosity is the best when attaching tiles. (2) The tile adhesive should be used within 30 minutes after stirring to avoid forming film and reducing viscosity. (3) The open time is greatly related to the moisture content of the substrate sheet. The over-dried sheet can easily cause the water loss of the tile adhesive to be dissipated too quickly and accelerate the forming film on the surface, and thus it cannot be effectively adhered to the back groove of the tile. (4) If the substrate sheet is used in wet conditions, such as construction on rainy days, although it has a longer opening time, it is also excessively wet due to the sheet, and it is easy to cause slippage and vertical flow of the adhesive itself when the tile adhesive is applied. (5) Appropriate water-containing state should be saturated within the surface dry, in practice, it is to wet the wall before reaching the saturation state, and when the surface is air-dried, it can be applied again, so that it can be coated with a tile adhesive. Better open time and better adhesion strength after hard fixing. (6) The strength of the tile adhesive can exert an adhesive strength of about 90 to 97% on the 28th day at the age of 7 days. Therefore, it can be referred to by the actual 7-day on-site pull-out test.
5
Yang, Jiunn-kai, and 楊竣凱. "Observation and simulation on the relationship among water table depth, soil moisture and micrometeorology in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51707729548801852979.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
105
The interactions of momentum, water vapor and heat transfer between the atmosphere and the earth surface is an important mechanism for influencing weather system. The factors of surface processes affect the simulation of atmospheric models, especially the soil moisture plays an important role in the atmospheric model. In addition, the groundwater table is a critical factor causing the soil moisture and water cycle. The related studies of the relationships between soil moisture and water table for the weather system are few in Taiwan because their global scale observations are not easy to collect. To address these issues, we create a new model by integrating our lab observation data and the water table observation provided by two institutes, Soil Moisture Observatory and Water Resources Department. The main purpose of this thesis is to integrate the observation data of water table and soil parameters. To enhance the simulation results of Gaussian Trajectory transfer-coefficient model (GTx) of meteorological field, we used this model to evaluate the water supplementation mechanism of water table depth (WTD) in soil moisture. The simulation results show that our model is able to improve the performance of simulations of the evapotranspiration of soil and vegetation. In addition, GTx can be used to study the effect of water table on micro meteorological. The results of this thesis show that the simulation of soil water content and air temperature has a significant improvement after integrating GTx model with water table data and soil parameters. The RMSE of observed and simulated values decreased markedly in 7 out of 10 simulated stations in the simulation of dry season and the whole year of 2015. In addition, the RMSE values between real and simulation values of 90% simulation stations on the wet season are significantly reduced. In summary, our model can significantly improve RMSE errors and enhance the correlation coefficient (r value > 0.8). Furthermore, our results show that the groundwater supplementation was more likely to happen when the soil was loam and paddy fields. Finally, we found that the groundwater supplementation in soil is not easy when the soil was clay loam and the depth of water table was 5~10 meters. This thesis shows that our GTx model is useful for the simulation of soil water content and air temperature.
Books on the topic "Moisture amount"
1
Fisher, R. Stephen. Amount and nature of occluded water in bedded salt, Palo Duro Basin, Texas. Austin, Tex: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 1985.
Find full text
2
Bindi, Marco, Giada Brandani, Alessandro Dessì, Camilla Dibari, Roberto Ferrise, Marco Moriondo, and Giacomo Trombi, eds. Impact of climate change on agricultural and natural ecosystems. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-921-2.
Full textAbstract:
This book illustrates the main results deriving from fourteen studies, dealing with the impact of climate change on different agricultural and natural ecosystems, carried out within the Impact of Climate change On agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (ICONE) project funded by the ALFA Programme of the European Commission. During this project, a common methodology on several Global Change-related matters was developed and shared among members of scientific communities coming from Latin America and Europe. In order to facilitate this interdisciplinary approach, specific mobility programmes, addressed to post-graduate, Master and PhD students, have been organized. The research, led by the research groups, was focused on the study of the impact of climate change on various environmental features (i.e. runoff in hydrological basins, soil erosion and moisture, forest canopy, sugarcane crop, land use, drought, precipitation, etc). Integrated and shared methodologies of atmospheric physics, remote sensing, eco-physiology and modelling have been applied.
3
Čhanthačhō̜n, Songkhun. Kanthaithot phumpanya phnban nai rang sapphayakon din nam pamai khong klum chattiohan Kalng: Indigenous knowledge edification of soil water and forest resources among Kaloeng ethnic group. Maha Sarakham, Thailand]: Sathāban Wičhai Sinlapa læ Watthanatham ʻĪsān, Mahāwitthayālai Mahā Sārakhām, 2010.
Find full text
4
Bechtel, Bettie Ann. Relationships among rainfall, soil moisture, and landslides along Interstate 275, Hamilton County, Ohio. 1994.
Find full text
5
Yang, Kun. Observed Regional Climate Change in Tibet over the Last Decades. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.587.
Full textAbstract:
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is subjected to strong interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. The Plateau exerts huge thermal forcing on the mid-troposphere over the mid-latitude of the Northern Hemisphere during spring and summer. This region also contains the headwaters of major rivers in Asia and provides a large portion of the water resources used for economic activities in adjacent regions. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the TP has undergone evident climate changes, with overall surface air warming and moistening, solar dimming, and decrease in wind speed. Surface warming, which depends on elevation and its horizontal pattern (warming in most of the TP but cooling in the westernmost TP), was consistent with glacial changes. Accompanying the warming was air moistening, with a sudden increase in precipitable water in 1998. Both triggered more deep clouds, which resulted in solar dimming. Surface wind speed declined from the 1970s and started to recover in 2002, as a result of atmospheric circulation adjustment caused by the differential surface warming between Asian high latitudes and low latitudes.The climate changes over the TP have changed energy and water cycles and has thus reshaped the local environment. Thermal forcing over the TP has weakened. The warming and decrease in wind speed lowered the Bowen ratio and has led to less surface sensible heating. Atmospheric radiative cooling has been enhanced, mainly through outgoing longwave emission from the warming planetary system and slightly enhanced solar radiation reflection. The trend in both energy terms has contributed to the weakening of thermal forcing over the Plateau. The water cycle has been significantly altered by the climate changes. The monsoon-impacted region (i.e., the southern and eastern regions of the TP) has received less precipitation, more evaporation, less soil moisture and less runoff, which has resulted in the general shrinkage of lakes and pools in this region, although glacier melt has increased. The region dominated by westerlies (i.e., central, northern and western regions of the TP) received more precipitation, more evaporation, more soil moisture and more runoff, which together with more glacier melt resulted in the general expansion of lakes in this region. The overall wetting in the TP is due to both the warmer and moister conditions at the surface, which increased convective available potential energy and may eventually depend on decadal variability of atmospheric circulations such as Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and an intensified Siberian High. The drying process in the southern region is perhaps related to the expansion of Hadley circulation. All these processes have not been well understood.
6
Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.
Full textAbstract:
The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.
Book chapters on the topic "Moisture amount"
1
Olaniyan, Olumide A., Vincent O. Ajayi, Kamoru A. Lawal, and Ugbah Paul Akeh. "Impact of Moisture Flux and Vertical Wind Shear on Forecasting Extreme Rainfall Events in Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_98-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter investigates extreme rainfall events that caused flood during summer months of June–September 2010–2014. The aim is to determine the impact of horizontal moisture flux divergence (HMFD) and vertical wind shear on forecasting extreme rainfall events over Nigeria. Wind divergence and convective available potential energy (CAPE) were also examined to ascertain their threshold values during the events. The data used include rainfall observation from 40 synoptic stations across Nigeria, reanalyzed datasets from ECMWF at 0.125° × 0.125° resolution and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) dataset at resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. The ECMWF datasets for the selected days were employed to derive the moisture flux divergence, wind shear, and wind convergence. The derived meteorological parameters and the CAPE were spatially analyzed and superimposed on the precipitation obtained from the satellite data. The mean moisture flux and CAPE for some northern Nigerian stations were also plotted for 3 days prior to and 3 days after the storm. The result showed that HMFD and CAPE increased few days before the storm and peak on the day of the storms, and then declined afterwards. HMFD values above 1.0 × 10−6 g kg−1 s−1 is capable of producing substantial amount of rainfall mostly above 50 mm while wind shear has a much weaker impact on higher rainfall amount than moisture availability. CAPE above 1000 Jkg−1 and 1500 Jk−1 are favorable for convection over the southern and northern Nigeria, respectively. The study recommends quantitative analysis of moisture flux as a valuable short-term severe storm predictor and should be considered in the prediction of extreme rainfall.
2
Olaniyan, Olumide A., Vincent O. Ajayi, Kamoru A. Lawal, and Ugbah Paul Akeh. "Impact of Moisture Flux and Vertical Wind Shear on Forecasting Extreme Rainfall Events in Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1127–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_98.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter investigates extreme rainfall events that caused flood during summer months of June–September 2010–2014. The aim is to determine the impact of horizontal moisture flux divergence (HMFD) and vertical wind shear on forecasting extreme rainfall events over Nigeria. Wind divergence and convective available potential energy (CAPE) were also examined to ascertain their threshold values during the events. The data used include rainfall observation from 40 synoptic stations across Nigeria, reanalyzed datasets from ECMWF at 0.125° × 0.125° resolution and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) dataset at resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. The ECMWF datasets for the selected days were employed to derive the moisture flux divergence, wind shear, and wind convergence. The derived meteorological parameters and the CAPE were spatially analyzed and superimposed on the precipitation obtained from the satellite data. The mean moisture flux and CAPE for some northern Nigerian stations were also plotted for 3 days prior to and 3 days after the storm. The result showed that HMFD and CAPE increased few days before the storm and peak on the day of the storms, and then declined afterwards. HMFD values above 1.0 × 10−6 g kg−1 s−1 is capable of producing substantial amount of rainfall mostly above 50 mm while wind shear has a much weaker impact on higher rainfall amount than moisture availability. CAPE above 1000 Jkg−1 and 1500 Jk−1 are favorable for convection over the southern and northern Nigeria, respectively. The study recommends quantitative analysis of moisture flux as a valuable short-term severe storm predictor and should be considered in the prediction of extreme rainfall.
3
Oladapo, Olukunle Olaonipekun, Leonard Kofitse Amekudzi, Olatunde Micheal Oni, Abraham Adewale Aremu, and Marian Amoakowaah Osei. "Climate Change Impact on Soil Moisture Variability: Health Effects of Radon Flux Density Within Ogbomoso, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 437–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_201.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractClimate affects the quantity of soil moisture within the surface of the earth and this is obtained by affecting the amount of radon flux density escaping from the land surface. This chapter contains the evaluation of climate change conditions as it affects the variability of soil water for the purpose of estimating the health effects of radon flux density within Ogbomoso metropolis. The simulated soil moisture content around Ogbomoso was done for a period of 34 years using the hydrological model, Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The calibration and validation of the SWAT model was done using the daily observed soil moisture content. The simulated daily soil moisture within Ogbomoso showed good performance when calibrated and validated. A 20 years prediction of the daily soil moisture content was done using the SWAT model. The estimation of the radon flux density for the study area was obtained using the simulated soil temperature and soil moisture from the SWAT model. In this chapter, the UNSCEAR radon flux formula was used for the radon flux estimate. The result showed that the UNSCEAR radon flux formula performed well in estimating the radon flux density in the study area. The mean value of the radon flux density of 15.09 mBqm−2 s−1 falls below the estimated world average of 33 mBqm−2 s−1 by UNSCEAR stipulated for land surface. The results showed that Ogbomoso region is not prone to high risk of radon exposure to the public. The estimation of the radon flux density value suggested that there is no radiological health hazard such as lung cancer or any other respiratory tract diseases to the inhabitant of Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
4
Jeżowski, S., S. Ornatowski, J. Finnan, Z. Kaczmarek, and J. Cerazy. "Moisture Loss Rate in Grass Cut at Anthesis: Variation Among Selected Traditional Species." In Perennial Biomass Crops for a Resource-Constrained World, 199–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44530-4_17.
Full text
5
Pinna, Daniela. "Microbial Growth and its Effects on Inorganic Heritage Materials." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 3–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCultural heritage objects composed of inorganic materials, such as metals and stones, support microbial life. Many factors affect the growth of microorganisms: moisture, pH, light, temperature, nutrients. Their colonization relates closely to the nature of the substrata as well as to the characteristic of the surrounding environment. This chapter contains an overview of the complex relationships among microbial growth, materials, and the environment. It emphasizes issues on bioreceptivity of stones and the factors influencing biological colonization, focusing on the biological alteration of inorganic heritage objects and on the agents of biodeterioration. It outlines the effect of biofilms and lichens in terms of degradation of substrata and includes a discussion on an important topic, the bioprotection of stones by biofilms and lichens. In summary, this chapter aims to discuss these issues and review the recent literature on (i) biofilms and lichens colonizing inorganic materials, (ii) the limiting factors of this colonization, (iii) the deteriorative aspects, and (iv) the protective effects of the colonization.
6
Bui, Phuong Trinh, Xuan Nam Nguyen, My Ngoc Tang, Yuko Ogawa, and Kenji Kawai. "Effects of Amounts and Moisture States of Clay-Brick Waste as Coarse Aggregate on Slump and Compressive Strength of Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 507–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0802-8_79.
Full text
7
Bell, Michael J., Antonio P. Mallarino, Jeff Volenec, Sylvie Brouder, and David W. Franzen. "Considerations for Selecting Potassium Placement Methods in Soil." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 341–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_12.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPlacement strategies can be a key determinant of efficient use of applied fertilizer potassium (K), given the relative immobility of K in all except the lightest textured soils or high rainfall environments. Limitations to K accessibility by plants caused by immobility in the soil are further compounded by the general lack of K-stimulated root proliferation in localized soil zones enriched with K alone, compared with root proliferation due to concentrated N and P. Further, effects of K fixation reactions in soils with certain clay mineralogies and the declining concentration and activity of soil solution K with increasing clay content can also limit plant K acquisition. Variation in root system characteristics among crops in a rotation sequence and fluctuating soil moisture conditions in fertilized soil horizons in rain-fed systems increase the complexity of fertilizer placement decisions to ensure efficient K recovery and use. This complexity has resulted in extensive exploration of fertilizer K application strategies, with this chapter focusing on K applications to the soil. Issues discussed include comparisons of broadcast versus banded applications, depth of fertilizer placement, and the impacts of co-location of K with other nutrients. While research findings are often specific to the crop, soil, and seasonal conditions under which they are conducted, we attempt to identify strategies that most consistently deliver improved crop recovery and utilization of fertilizer K.
8
"Estimating watering amount with soil moisture sensors to identify farming works." In Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 59–64. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17546-15.
Full text
9
Jackson, Thomas J. "Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture and Regional Drought Monitoring." In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
Mitigating the effects of drought can be improved through better information on the current status, the prediction of occurrence, and the extent of drought. Soil moisture can now be measured using a new generation of microwave remote sensing satellites. These measurements can be used to monitor drought conditions on a daily basis over the entire earth. The quality of these products will continue to improve over time as new sensors are launched. These satellite products, combined with existing in situ observations and models, should be exploited in drought monitoring, assessment, and prediction. Measuring soil moisture on a routine basis has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of climatic processes and strengthen our ability to model and forecast these processes. Leese et al. (2001) concluded that the optimal approach to monitoring soil moisture would be a combination of model-derived estimates using in situ and remotely sensed measurements. In this regard, each method produces soil moisture values that are both unique and complementary. This concept is essentially the process of data assimilation described by Houser et al. (1998). In situ measurements of soil moisture have been made in a few countries over the past 70 years (Robock et al., 2000). However, due to cost and sensor limitations, there are few soil moisture sensor systems available today, especially for automated measurements. A lack of routine observations of soil moisture has led to the use of surrogate measurements (i.e., antecedent precipitation index) and modeled estimates, which limits the possibility of physically based model validation and acceptance. Current tools to predict drought, such as drought indices and Global Climate Models (GCMs), do not include any direct observations of the soil condition, which is critical for agriculture. Passive microwave remote sensing instruments respond to the amount of moisture in the soil. Several methods have the potential to provide both soil moisture and drought information. In the past, the options have been limited by the availability of satellite systems. Even with these limitations, investigators have explored the potential of these data in soil moisture studies with some success.
10
Jackson, T. J., and E. T. Engman. "Microwave Observations of Soil Hydrology." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
The upper few centimeters of the soil are extremely important because they are the interface between soil science and land-atmosphere research and are also the region of the greatest amount of organic material and biological activity (Wei, 1995). Passive microwave remote sensing can provide a measurement of the surface soil moisture for a range of cover conditions within reasonable error bounds (Jackson and Schmugge, 1989). Since spatially distributed and multitemporal observations of surface soil moisture are rare, the use of these data in hydrology and other disciplines has not been fully explored or developed. The ability to observe soil moisture frequently over large regions could significantly improve our ability to predict runoff and to partition incoming radiant energy into latent and sensible heat fluxes at a variety of scales up to those used in global circulation models. Temporal observation of surface soil moisture may also provide the information needed to determine key soil parameters, such as saturated conductivity (Ahuja et al., 1993). These sensors provide a spatially integrated measurement that may aid in understanding the upscaling of essential soil parameters from point observations. Some specific issues in soil hydrology that could be addressed with remotely sensed observations as described above include (Wei, 1995): (1) criteria for soil mapping based on spatial and temporal variance structures of state variables, (2) identifying scales of observation, (3) determining soil physical properties within profiles based on surface observations, (4) quantifying correlation lengths of soil moisture in time and space relative to precipitation and evaporation, (5) examining the covariance structure between soil water properties and those associated with water and heat fluxes at the land-atmosphere boundary at various scales, and (6) determining if vertical and horizontal fluxes of energy and matter below the surface can be ascertained from surface soil moisture distributions. In this chapter, the basis of microwave remote sensing of soil moisture will be presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques. Currently available sensor systems will be described.
Conference papers on the topic "Moisture amount"
1
Hirai, A., T. Kikuchi, H. Namba, and J. Sato. "Moisture Detection Method in Ceramic Package by Slight Current Measurement." In ISTFA 1997. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1997p0205.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A method of measuring moisture in the ceramic Package (pKG) without the destruction of the samples was developed (We define KNH method: kinahi method). The moisture oondition in the cavity can be oonfirmed by the temperature dependence of the leakage current between adjaoont terminals (At least one of measured terminals is non-oonnect). This method is performed by measuring the leakage current between non-oonnect terminals at various temperatures. The temperature is raised from room temperature. In the caseof the standard sample which has no moisture in the cavity, the leakage current increases as the temperature is raised. However, a sample which has a large amount of moisture in the cavity has a leakage current that decreases with increasing temperature and increases after this cycle. When the temperature is raised, the leakage current decreases because of a decrease in oondensed moisture. After the temperature without oondensing, the leakage current increases as same as standard sample. When this KNH method is used for the product which has no non-oonnect terminals, the leakage current can be measured by using the signal terminals at 0.2V which is the voltage under Vt of protection diode. This KNH method is very useful for oonfirmation of the slight leakage current of fine ceramic PKG and for the amount of moisture in the cavity
2
Beauregard, Y., and K. K. Botros. "Methods for Determining the Amount of Hydrates Formed During Blowdown of Natural Gas Compressor Station." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33023.
Full textAbstract:
Natural gas hydrates could form during blowdown of compressor station yard piping, even if the moisture composition is within the allowable range of up to 65 mg/st.m3. This is because the temperature of the gas drops well below the vapour-hydrate equilibrium. If sufficient hydrates form, they have the potential to impede the path of the gas to the blowdown stack exit. To evaluate this risk, it is important to determine the conditions at which hydrates could form under gas blowdown situations and accurately determine the quantity that would form as both gas pressure and temperature drop during the blowdown process. This paper first compares the hydrate equilibrium conditions for different moisture contents obtained with a publicly available model to published measured data for some alkanes present in natural gas. A gas blowdown scenario establishing the gas conditions (P and T) is then presented based on the worst case scenario of adiabatic expansion of the gas. Based on these conditions, two methods are developed to quantify the amount of hydrates that could form during the blowdown process. These methods are demonstrated on a gas blowdown event of compressor station discharge yard piping where the gas was assumed to have moisture contents of 65 mg/st.m3. The potential amount of hydrates formed and the implications on the gas path to blowdown exit are discussed.
3
Li, Jun, Huaqiang Yin, and Xuedong He. "Influence Factors on Moisture Absorption Process of Carbon Material in HTGR." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81412.
Full textAbstract:
A large amount of carbon material is used in high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), with an initial moisture content less than 0.1 %, and under the high temperature condition during reactor’s operation the material would be corroded by chemical corrosion reaction with moisture. The carbon materials in HTGR include carbon material with boron carbide (BC) and graphite IG-110. Based on the moisture absorption experiment of BC, the effective diffusion coefficient D of BC is fitted, and D = 1.35 × 10−9 (m2/s). The experiments shows with the same condition of temperature and humidity, the moisture absorption of BC is higher than that of IG-110. As the environment humidity increases, the moisture absorption increases.
4
Aktas, Levent, Youssef Hamidi, and M. Cengiz Altan. "Effect of Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Resin Transfer Molded Composites." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39223.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber reinforced polymer composites are highly susceptible to environmental conditions despite their favorable properties. Among various environmental factors, moisture absorption is known to have significant adverse effects on such materials. This work investigates the effects of accelerated moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of resin transfer molded glass/epoxy composites. 152.4 mm diameter disk-shaped parts are fabricated using EPON 815C resin and EPICURE 3282 curing agent. Reinforcement is provided by four layers of randomly oriented planar glass fiber preforms with 0.459 kg/m2 surface density, yielding approximately 21.2% fiber volume fraction. Samples cut from the molded disks are immersed into boiling water for accelerated aging. The masses of the specimens are measured at periodic intervals to quantity the amount of water absorbed. Tensile and short beam shear tests are performed at different levels of moisture absorption. Mechanical properties are found to decrease as moisture diffused into the material. Fiber pullouts on the surfaces of tested samples show fiber loosening as the cause of material weakening. To investigate the desorption and characteristics, part of the samples are dried at 65°C after the maximum moisture absorption is reached. Total stiffness recovery is observed after desorption but ultimate tensile strenth only recovered by 27.7%, which is 33.4% lower than the initial value.
5
Mishra, Debakanta, Erol Tutumluer, and Yuanjie Xiao. "Particle Shape, Type, and Amount of Fines and Moisture Affecting Resilient Modulus Behavior of Unbound Aggregates." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41104(377)34.
Full text
6
Gupta, Ashwani K., and Eugene L. Keating. "Pyrolysis and Oxidative Pyrolysis of Polystyrene." In ASME 1993 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1993-0055.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Equilibrium thermochemical calculations of polystyrene are presented here under conditions of pyrolysis and oxidative pyrolysis. Oxidative pyrolysis is examined using both air and oxygen for varying moisture content in the polystyrene. The pyrolysis of polystyrene at different temperatures prior to its oxidative pyrolysis provided significantly different results. Product gas volume and flame temperature is significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature, nature and amount of the oxidant and the amount of moisture in the waste. Results reveal significant effect of controlled combustion on the amount and nature of the chemical species formed. The results also reveal that advanced combustion process can significantly reduce the extent of post processing of gases required, and hence the size of the equipment, for achieving environmentally acceptable thermal destruction system of the solid wastes.
7
Laurinat, James E., Matthew R. Kesterson, and Steve J. Hensel. "Analysis of the Rate of Adsorption of Moisture Onto Plutonium Oxide Powders." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28073.
Full textAbstract:
Rates of adsorption of moisture onto plutonium oxide powders exposed to air are modeled. The moisture contents of these powders must be limited to minimize the radiolytic generation of flammable hydrogen gas when the plutonium oxide subsequently is stored in containment vessels. The pressure in the vessels is related to the amount of moisture adsorbed. Moisture adsorption rates are modeled for powders in two different containers used by the Savannah River Site (SRS) HB-Line facility, a B vial and a product can. The adsorption models examine the effects of the powder layer fill height, gas mixing conditions above the powder layer, and ambient relative humidity. Moisture distribution profiles are calculated to enable the evaluation of the effect of sampling location on the measured moisture content. The adsorption models are applied using the COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element code. The COMSOL® models couple moisture diffusion with thermal conduction and radiation. The models incorporate an equilibrium adsorption isotherm and a detailed model for combined radiation and conduction heat transfer in the powder, both developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The COMSOL® adsorption rate calculations are successfully benchmarked using an analytical, one-dimensional ash and pore diffusion model.
8
Qian, Yu, Debakanta Mishra, Erol Tutumluer, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Jamshid Ghaboussi. "Moisture Effects on Degraded Ballast Shear Strength Behavior." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5840.
Full textAbstract:
Ballast consisting of large sized aggregate particles with uniform size distribution is an essential component of the track substructure, to facilitate load distribution and drainage. As freight tonnage accumulates with traffic, ballast will accumulate an increasing percentage of fines due to either aggregate breakdown or outside contamination such as subgrade soil intrusion and coal dust collection. According to the classical text by Selig and Waters [1], ballast degradation from traffic involves up to 76% of all fouling cases; voids will be occupied by fines from the bottom of ballast layer gradually causing ballast clogging and losing its drainage ability. When moisture is trapped within ballast, especially fouled ballast, ballast layer stability is compromised. In the recent studies at the University of Illinois, the focus has been to evaluate behavior of fouled ballast due to aggregate degradation using large scale triaxial testing. To investigate the effects of moisture on degraded ballast, fouled ballast was generated in the laboratory through controlled Los Angeles (LA) abrasion tests intended to mimic aggregate abrasion and breakdown and generate fouled ballast at compositions similar to those observed in the field due to repeated train loadings. Triaxial shear strength tests were performed on the fouled ballast at different moisture contents. Important findings of this preliminary study on characterizing wet fouled ballast are presented in this paper. Moisture was found to have a significant effect on the fouled ballast strength behavior. Adding a small amount of 3% moisture (by weight of particles smaller than 3/8 in. size or smaller than 9.5 mm) caused test specimens to indicate approximately 50% decrease in shear strength of the dry fouled ballast. Wet fouled ballast samples peaked at significantly lower maximum deviator stress values at relatively smaller axial strains and remained at these low levels as the axial strain was increased.
9
Ilyin, Yuri, Aleksandr Mangataev, and Maria Semenova. "WATER REGIME OF ALLUVIAL MEADOW SOIL IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1688.978-5-317-06490-7/112-116.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the monitoring of changes in climate indicators of the dry-steppe zone of Western Transbaikalia over the past 40 years, it has been revealed that the amount of effective rainfall, starting from the second six-year cycle, is steadily decreasing with a simultaneous increase in the amount of ineffective rainfall. As a result, there is a lack of moisture in the root layer of the soil and a soil drought is formed.
10
RUDZIANSKAITĖ, Aurelija, and Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ. "INVESTIGATION OF PHOSPHORUS CHANGE IN A SANDY LOAM ASSOCIATED WITH CONTROLLED DRAINAGE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.066.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the soil chemical matters are soluble in the water; therefore changes in hydrological regime of ecosystem are closely related to the changes of nutrient leaching. Excess phosphorus causes eutrophication in surface waters. The aim of the research was to establish controlled drainage influence on the soil moisture regime, on the amount of mobile phosphorus in the soil and its leaching. Investigations were carried out in sandy loam and loam soils in the Middle Lithuanian Lowland from June 2014 to June 2015. During the study period precipitation was 93 % of the climate normals, the average temperature was 1.4 ° C higher than the climate normals. Based on preliminary studies, several tendencies were observed, that when drainage outflow began, the amount of soil moisture in subsoil (50–80 cm layer of the soil) of controlled drainage plot was higher than in the conventional drainage plot, and higher moisture supplies stayed for a longer period of time. Also the fluctuation (variation’s coefficient 24 %) of mobile P2O5. was higher. The Ptotal and PO4-P concentrations were lower in the controlled drainage than in the conventional drainage during winter – spring flood period, when water pressure was the highest (70 cm) in the outlet of drainage and water flowed through flap of the riser column
Reports on the topic "Moisture amount"
1
Widder, Sarah H., and Eric Martin. Test Plan to Evaluate the Relationship Among IAQ, Comfort, Moisture, and Ventilation in Humid Climates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1082604.
Full text
2
Mendell, Mark J., and Myrna Cozen. Building-related symptoms among U.S. office workers and risks factors for moisture and contamination: Preliminary analyses of U.S. EPA BASE Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/805151.
Full text
3
Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.