Relevant bibliographies by topics / MOLA- Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'MOLA- Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "MOLA- Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter"

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Shashank.B.H, Shreesha.R, Vineeth.K.V, and M. N. Bharath. "Review on Entry, Descent, Landing of Rovers on Mars." Journal of Industrial Mechanics 3, no. 3 (2018): 70–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2378745.

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Humans are trying to explore the solar system and the moon was the first. Since the recent decades the interest has shifted towards so called twin planet of Earth. Martian surface having similar features reminiscent both of impact craters of Moon and the various desert and polar ice caps of Earth. Landers and Rovers are the most effective ways to explore Mars in this existing Technology. This is a company’s Hercules job of taking the rover or Lander to the surface. The most crucial part of this type of missions is entry Descent and landing of the instruments on the surface. This process involves a lot of complicated technologies and accuracy in execution; this is discussed in the forthcoming papers
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Shashank.B.H, Shreesha.R, Vineeth.K.V, and M. N. Bharath. "Review on Entry, Descent, Landing of Rovers on Mars." Journal of Industrial Mechanics 3, no. 3 (2018): 70–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2378947.

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Abstract:
Humans are trying to explore the solar system and the moon was the first. Since the recent decades the interest has shifted towards so called twin planet of Earth. Martian surface having similar features reminiscent both of impact craters of Moon and the various desert and polar ice caps of Earth. Landers and Rovers are the most effective ways to explore Mars in this existing Technology. This is a company’s Hercules job of taking the rover or Lander to the surface. The most crucial part of this type of missions is entry Descent and landing of the instruments on the surface. This process involves a lot of complicated technologies and accuracy in execution; this is discussed in the forthcoming papers
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Kolb, Kelly J., and Chris H. Okubo. "Coregistration of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topography with high-resolution Mars images." Computers & Geosciences 35, no. 12 (2009): 2304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2009.04.008.

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Anangonó-Tutasig, Ronny Steveen, Francisco Javier De Cos Juez, and Susana Fernández Menéndez. "High-resolution topography of Gusev crater using CTX data (Mars)." Geogaceta 75 (June 29, 2024): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55407/geogaceta100671.

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High-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) of Mars are both limited and crucial for studying surface processes. The available DTMs generated from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) data offer limited resolution for working on a metre scale. The MER-A mission’s exploration of the Gusev crater was based on the data provided by MOLA and HRSC. However, with the introduction of the stereoscopic images obtained by the Context Camera (CTX) on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), it has been possible to generate topographic data with greater detail, significantly improving the MOLA and HRSC data. This has resulted in the generation of new DTMs with a resolution of ~5 m/pixel. Comparative analysis of these CTX DTMs with the MOLA and HRSC data provides an updated perspective of the Gusev topography and its geological features. The prominent advantage of using CTX stereo images lies in their wide coverage, as they have mapped 99.9% of the Martian surface. This wide coverage allows the creation of high-resolution models that will prove invaluable for future studies and missions.
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Zuber, Maria T., David E. Smith, Roger J. Phillips, et al. "Shape of the northern hemisphere of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 24 (1998): 4393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900129.

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Xiao, Haifeng, Alexander Stark, Hao Chen, and Jürgen Oberst. "Recomputation and Updating of MOLA Geolocation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 9 (2022): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092201.

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The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Precision Experiment Data Records (PEDR) serve as the geodetic reference of Mars. However, these MOLA footprints were geolocated using outdated auxiliary information that dates back to 2003. In this study, we recompute the MOLA PEDR footprint locations and investigate the impact of the updated spacecraft orbit model and Mars rotational model on MOLA’s geolocation. We observe quasi-exponential increases near the poles of up to 30 m in the recomputation residuals for the nadir profiles. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that limitations exist in the stored MOLA PEDR attitude records, which can shift the footprint up to hundreds of meters laterally and several meters radially. The usage of the Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF)-archived attitude information instead can circumvent this issue and avoid the approximation errors due to discrete samplings of the attitude information used in geolocation by the PEDR dataset. These approximation errors can be up to 60 m laterally and 1 m radially amid controlled spacecraft maneuvers. Furthermore, the incorporation of the updated spacecraft orbit and Mars rotational model can shift the MOLA profiles up to 200 m laterally and 0.5 m radially, which are much larger in magnitude than the aforementioned dramatic increases near the poles. However, the shifted locations of the reprocessed profiles are significantly inconsistent with the PEDR profiles after the global cross-over analysis.
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Montgomery, David R., and Alan Gillespie. "Formation of Martian outflow channels by catastrophic dewatering of evaporite deposits." Geology 33, no. 8 (2005): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21270ar.1.

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Abstract Geological mapping based on topographic analysis of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data, together with photointerpretation of Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images and thermodynamic and heat-flow considerations, frame a new hypothesis for the formation of Martian outflow channels through catastrophic dewatering of evaporite deposits. MOLA transects across Valles Marineris show that the valley is located at the crest of a 3-km-high topographic bulge on the flank of the much larger Tharsis Rise. Interpretation of MOC images showing layered deposits within Valles Marineris as unconformably underlying Hesperian-age lava flows means that these thick deposits, thought to contain hydrous sulfates, were heated by an increased geothermal gradient due to development of Tharis. Increased temperatures adequate to dehydrate hydrous evaporites would trigger significant volumetric expansion and catastrophically release tremendous amounts of overpressured water.
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Ivanov, Anton B., and Duane O. Muhleman. "Opacity of the Martian atmosphere from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) observations." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 24 (1998): 4417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998gl900060.

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Williams, Rebecca M. E., and Roger J. Phillips. "Morphometric measurements of martian valley networks from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 106, E10 (2001): 23737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000je001409.

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Abramov, O., and A. McEwen. "Technical note: An evaluation of interpolation methods for Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 25, no. 3 (2004): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160310001599006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MOLA- Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter"

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Poole, W. D. B. "Deriving planetary surface characteristics from orbiting laser altimeter pulse-widths on Mars, the Moon, and Earth." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1469361/.

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A set of equations linking the time-spread of a laser altimeter echo-profile, commonly known as the pulse-width, to the variance of topography within the pulse-footprint are tested by comparing pulse-width data to surface characteristics measured from high-resolution Digital Terrain Models. The research is motivated by the advent of high-resolution Digital Terrain Models over Mars, which enables the calibration of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter pulse-widths, and evolves to include lunar and terrestrial data in an attempt to validate the theory and develop new methods. Analysis of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter pulse-width data reveals mixed results. Over homo- geneously rough terrain, at kilometre-scales, these pulse-widths show some correlation to surface characteristics, once poor pulse data has been removed. However, where roughness is highly vari- able over short baselines, little correlation is observed, which is attributed to a mix of georeferencing errors and instrument methods. In a similar study, Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter pulse-widths are shown to produce only poor correlations with surface characteristics over local study sites. Instead, the observed correlations differ from orbit to orbit, with the majority of those used appearing to contain poor quality pulse- width data - attributed to the instrument methods - and only 14 % revealing correlations similar, or better, than observed over Mars. Finally, an examination of the relationship between footprint-scale surface characteristics and pulse-width estimates derived from smoothed Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite echo-profiles enables different pulse-width thresholds to be tested. Here, pulse-widths measured using a 10 % Peak Energy threshold are shown to produce greater correlations than those observed using the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter data, which use a Full Width Half Maximum threshold. To conclude, pulse-widths can show strong correlations to surface roughness and slope within the pulse-footprint. However the assumption that detrended surface roughness can be derived by applying a slope contribution effect is shown to be unfounded. The principal recommendation is for future instruments to use a full echo-profile in estimating pulse-width values at a 10 % Peak Energy threshold, providing both efficient noise removal and a better correlated dataset.
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Ivanov, Anton Borisovich. "Some aspects of the Martian climate in the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) investigation. Part I. Evolution of the polar residual ice caps. Part II. Polar night clouds. Part III. Interpretation of the MOLA reflectivity measurement in terms of the surface albedo and atmospheric opacity." Thesis, 2000. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7459/1/Ivanov%202000.pdf.

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<p>The spacecraft exploration of the planet Mars in the last two decades provided scientists with an enormously rich data base. This work presents some aspects of the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter investigation related to the issues in the Martian climatology. The instrument continues to function on board of the Mars Global Surveyor Spacecraft. </p> <p>The polar ice caps on Mars are the largest reservoirs of water on the planet. Their formation and evolution are not understood very well at this point. Ice flow, sublimation and wind erosion are believed to be the most important processes that shape the caps. We have developed a model to understand the role of sublimation for the formation of the ice caps and attempted to constrain the time scale for the formation of the observed ice caps. The model has been justified using the precise topography of the ice caps and the layered terrains that have been measured by the MOLA instrument. We argue that sublimation is a very important process for the formation of the caps, especially on the time scales greater than 10 million years. </p> <p>We report the direct observations of CO_2 clouds, forming during the polar winter times over both poles. These clouds are similar over both poles and possibly represent a CO_2 snowfall. On the basis of the reflective properties and spatial occurrence, we can distinguish two major classes of clouds. We will discuss some hypotheses on the mechanisms of their formation. </p> <p>Total atmospheric opacity of the Martian atmosphere at 1µm can be derived from the MOLA reflectivity measurement. Opacity estimates for the period from L_S = 105° to L_S = 220° are found to be consistent with the Viking Lander and Pathfinder values. Opacity measured in the polar regions displays storms and polar hood activity. Aerosol scale heights can be inferred from the opacity changes on some large scale topographic features. Dust scale heights are found to be lower than the atmospheric scale height. Water ice cloud scale heights are found to be consistent with the atmospheric scale height. Comparison of the MOLA derived opacity with the TES derived opacity yields information on the aerosol particle size distribution. We discuss an algorithm to derive 1µm normal albedo of the surface. 9µm dust opacity from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) is employed to remove an atmospheric attenuation from the MOLA reflectivity measurements. We will present some initial results on the calculation of the surface albedo.</p>
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Conference papers on the topic "MOLA- Mars Orbiting Laser Altimeter"

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Generie, Pamela, and William L. Hayden. "Estimation of the on-orbit distortion of the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA II) primary mirror." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Mark A. Ealey. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.258297.

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