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Journal articles on the topic 'Molar methodology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Viqar, Sana, Sadia Rizwan, Syed Shah Faisal, and Syed Sheeraz Hussain. "The Frequency of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Different Types of Vertical Skeletal Faces." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 02 (2021): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.302.118.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of mandibular third molar impaction in different vertical skeletal facial types. METHODOLOGY: Data was collected using pre-treatment records including orthodontic files, pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and OPGs of 90 orthodontic patients. Patients from both genders were included. The age group of selected patients was 18-30 years. Vertical skeletal malocclusion was measured using facial angle and mandibular plane angle on cephalogram to group the subjects into Mesiofacial, Brachyfacial and Dolichofacial patients. Third molar eruption status was assessed

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2

Ashar, Talha, Asma Shakoor, Sadia Ghazal, Naghma Parveen, Muhammad Nasir Saleem, and Hina Zafar Raja. "Prevalence of Distal Carious Lesions in Mandibular Second Molars Due to Mesio-Angular Impacted Third Molars." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 1 (2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.301.50.

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OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to observe the relationship of mesio-angular impacted third molars to the development of distal caries in adjacent second molars. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Nine hundred and eighty nine periapical, bitewing and Panoramic radiographs were recorded and examined for distally carious second molars and impacted mandibular third molars. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data entry and analysis. RESULTS: Almost 40.8% of the target population reported with distal caries due to third molar impactions.

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3

Silva, Flávio Castro da, Juan Fernando Herrera Guardiola, Luciana Pinto Teixeira, Ana Caroline Lopes Maria, Luan Alves de Souza, and André Luiz Belém. "Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production using response surface methodology." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 56, no. 2 (2021): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478825.

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The purpose of this paper was to analyze palm oil biodiesel production under different conditions and to verify the relationships between production variables in order to optimize biofuel production using response surface methodology (RSM). Biodiesel was produced through transesterification process by methyl route and alkali catalyst (NaOH) 1% (m/m). The analyzed variables were: four molar ratios (3:1, 4:1, 6:1 and 8:1); three temperature reactions (45°, 52° and 60°C); and three time reactions (40, 60 and 80 minutes). For the palm oil biodiesel production, the highest yield was 93%, obtained v

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Qureshi, Shahzad Waheed, Maha Siddiqui, Gulrez Amin, Aliha Liaquat, and Sundas Chaudhary. "MOLAR EXTRACTION." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 09 (2018): 1350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.09.111.

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Introduction: Dry socket (DS) or Alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common postextraction complication in third molar removal. Various techniques have been used to reducethe risk of DS. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in preventing thedevelopment of DS. Study Design: Randomized double blind case-control study. Setting: Oraland Maxillofacial Surgery Department of University College of Dentistry(UCD), The Universityof Lahore, Pakistan. Period: July 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: Patients havingimpacted mandibular 3rd molars selected for surgical extraction. Randomly s

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Shams, Salman, Syed Ghazanfar Hassan, Suneel Kumar Punjabi, and Soonhan Abdullah. "MOLAR CARIES;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 07 (2017): 1088–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.07.1083.

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Objectives: To identify risk factor of distal surface caries on mandibular secondmolar associated with partially erupted mandibular third molar. Setting: The study wasconducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University HospitalJamshoro/Hyderabad from April 2013 to September2013. Methodology: Total 273 patientsof either gender with age 16-45 years had partially impacted mandibular third molar, wereincluded. Diagnosis was made on clinical as well as periapical view and OPG examination.Distance from CEJ of mesial surface of third molar to CEJ of distal surface of sec

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Ilyas, Muhammad, Asma Khan, Syed Murad Ali Shah, Salman Khan, and Junaid Nadeem Malik. "Correlation Between the Maturation Stages of Mandibular Third Molars and Chronological Age in Patients Visiting Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 5, no. 2 (2019): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.5-2.79.

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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of chronological age with the maturation stages of mandibular third molar. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara University Peshawar on 384 patients from January 2018 to June 2018 and included patients having age 11-26 years with good quality Orthopantomogram showing mandibular third molar tooth germs bilaterally. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Female

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7

Luo, Biwei, Pengfei Li, Yan Li, et al. "Optimization of medium–low-grade phosphorus rock carbothermal reduction process by response surface methodology." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (2020): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0035.

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AbstractPhosphorus extraction from phosphorus rock was conducted by carbothermal reduction with silica and coke. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, coke excess coefficient, molar ratio of silicon–calcium, and phosphorus rock particle size on the phosphorus reduction rate were investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) with five factors and five levels was used to explore the effects of variables’ interactions on the phosphorus reduction rate. The results showed that there are significant interactions between reaction time and tem

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8

Mat Radzi, Salina, M. Z. R. Hanif, and K. M. W. Syamsul. "Optimization of Eugenol Ester Using Statistical Approach of Response Surface Methodology." Materials Science Forum 857 (May 2016): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.857.469.

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In this study, optimization of eugenol caprylate, a type of ester was successfully carried out using statistical approach of Response surface methodology (RSM). The eugenol ester was synthesized via green route of an enzymatic esterification reaction between eugenol and caprylic acid. Four important enzymology parameters were investigated such as reaction time, temperature, molar ratio of substrate and amount of enzyme. High percentage conversion of ester >80 % was achieved at reaction time of 240.40 minute, 25.52 mg of enzyme’s amount, 1.13 molar ratio substrate and temperature of 56.57 °C

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9

Aliozo, O. S., L. N. Emembolu, and O. D. Onukwuli. "Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology." Biofuels Engineering 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bfuel-2017-0001.

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Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodi

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Khawaja, Naveen, Suneel Kumar Punjabi, and Munir Ahmed Banglani. "ROOT CANAL MORPHOLOGY;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 04 (2017): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1451.

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Morphological features of mandibular 3rd molar are always unpredictable, andshow a discrepancy by way of different individual. Nevertheless, restorative, prosthetic andorthodontic concerns of these mandibular third molars require root canal treatment in turn topreserve functional elements in the jaw. The variation in the root canal anatomy presents clinicalchallenges and difficulties for clinician to undertake endodontic therapy. Therefore it’s veryessential for practitioners must have adequate knowledge of the internal morphology of rootcanal system, use all techniques, equipments is mandator

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11

Ong, Mei Yin, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Fitranto Kusumo, Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman, and Abd Halim Shamsuddin. "Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020295.

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In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achie

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Ong, Mei Yin, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Fitranto Kusumo, Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman, and Abd Halim Shamsuddin. "Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020295.

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In this study, coconut oils have been transesterified with ethanol using microwave technology. The product obtained (biodiesel and FAEE) was then fractional distillated under vacuum to collect bio-kerosene or bio-jet fuel, which is a renewable fuel to operate a gas turbine engine. This process was modeled using RSM and ANN for optimization purposes. The developed models were proved to be reliable and accurate through different statistical tests and the results showed that ANN modeling was better than RSM. Based on the study, the optimum bio-jet fuel production yield of 74.45 wt% could be achie

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13

Indriani, Lilik, Erin Ryantin Gunawan, and Dedy Suhendra. "Optimasi Sintesis Asam Lemak Etanolamida Berbasis Minyak Ketapang Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 16, no. 2 (2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v16i2.2265.

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Telah dilakukan optimasi sintesis asam lemak etanolamida berbasis minyak ketapang (Terminalia catappa L) menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Asam lemak etanolamida adalah surfaktan yang banyak dibutuhkan pada industri farmasi. Sintesis asam lemak etanolamida dilakukan dengan mereaksikan minyak ketapang dan etanolamina sebagai substrat menggunakan katalis Lipozyme TL.IM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati interaksi antar variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi optimum dan hasil reaksi. Beberapa variabel yang dimaksud yaitu waktu reaksi, suhu reaksi, molar rasio substrat dan j

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14

Fan, Xiaohu, Xi Wang, and Feng Chen. "Biodiesel Production from Crude Cottonseed Oil: An Optimization Process Using Response Surface Methodology." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 4, no. 1 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01104010001.

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Biodiesel, known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), was produced from crude cottonseed oil (triglycerides) by transesterification with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide. This process was optimized by applying factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) with SAS and PSIPLOT programs. A second-order mathematical model was obtained to predict the yield as a function of methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and rate of mixing. Based on ridge max analysis and RSM, as well as economic cost consideration, the practical optimal condition for the

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15

Zabaruddin, Nur Haryani, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Nor Hasimah Mohamed, and Thomas Shean Yaw Choong. "Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Biodiesel Synthesis Catalyzed by Radiation-Induced Kenaf Catalyst in Packed-Bed Reactor." Processes 8, no. 10 (2020): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101289.

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In this study, continuous transesterification of refined palm oil by using radiation-induced kenaf denoted as anion exchange kenaf catalyst in a packed-bed reactor was developed. The application of full factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used to design the process and analyzed the effect of reactor operating variables such as packed bed height, the molar ratio of oil to ethanol and volumetric flow rate on the production of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE). The statistical analysis results showed that all three operating paramete

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16

Le, Huong Thi Thanh, Tan Viet Le, Tan Minh Phan, and Hoa Thi Viet Tran. "OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRA FAT WITH KOH/y Al2O3 CATALYST USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 13 (2009): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i13.2331.

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In this study, biodiesel was produced from fat of tra catfish by methanolysis reaction with KOH/y-A12O3 heterogenous catalyst. This research was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on four-variable central composite design (CCD) with a = 1,54671. The transesterification process variables and their investigated ranges were methanol/fat molar ratio (X1: 7/1 - 9/1), catalyst concentration (X2: 5%-7%), reaction time (X3: 60 min - 120 min), and reaction temperature (X4: 55 °C - 65 °C). The result show the biodiesel yield could be reach up to 92,8 % using the following optimiz

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17

Rychlicka, Magdalena, Natalia Niezgoda, and Anna Gliszczyńska. "Development and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phospholipids Containing 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic Acid by Response Surface Methodology." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (2020): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050588.

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The interesterification reaction of egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) with ethyl ester of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (E3,4DMCA) catalyzed by Novozym 435 in hexane as a reaction medium was shown to be an effective method for the synthesis of corresponding structured O-methylated phenophospholipids. The effects of substrate molar ratios, time of the reaction and enzyme load on the process of incorporation of 3,4DMCA into PC were evaluated by using the experimental factorial design of three factors and three levels. The results showed that a substrate molar ratio is a crucial variable for the max

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18

Chen, Hsiao-Ching, Hen-Yi Ju, Tsung-Ta Wu, et al. "Continuous Production of Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel in a Packed-Bed Reactor: Optimization and Enzyme Reuse Study." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/950725.

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An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in atert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1

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19

Majid, Mohd Faridzuan, Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid, Chong Fai Kait, et al. "Liquid Polymer Eutectic Mixture for Integrated Extractive-Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oil: An Optimization Study via Response Surface Methodology." Processes 8, no. 7 (2020): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070848.

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Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been commercially employed for the production of ultra-low sulfur fuel oil. However, HDS is unable to remove sterically hindered sulfur-containing compounds such as dibenzothiophene (DBT) and benzothiophene (BT). An alternative way to remove sulfur is via extractive desulfurization system (EDS) using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as sustainable extractant. In this work, liquid polymer DES was synthesized using tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and poly(ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG) with different molar ratios. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study

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20

Sabzimaleki, Mohammadreza, Barat Ghobadian, Mohsen Mazloom Farsibaf, Gholamhassan Najafi, Masoud Dehghani Soufi, and Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili. "Optimization of Biodiesel Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis from Castor Oil Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 10, no. 2 (2015): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2014-0013.

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Abstract Production of biodiesel from castor oil (CO) using ultrasound-assisted has been investigated in this study. The objective of the present work was therefore to determine the relationship between various important parameters of the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process to obtain a high reaction yield in a short time. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically analyze and optimize the operating parameters of the process. A central composite design (CCD) was approved to study the effects of the reaction time, the methanol to oil molar ratio, the ultrasonic c

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Tavera Ruiz, Claudia Patricia, Franck Dumeignil, and Mickaël Capron. "Catalytic Production of Glycolic Acid from Glycerol Oxidation: An Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020257.

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This study aimed at optimizing the production of glycolic acid from glycerol catalytic oxidation over a silver catalyst supported on a mixed cerium-zirconium oxide, to progress towards the industrialization of a derived process. Optimization of the operating conditions was performed using the response surface methodology. We concluded that the production of glycolic acid depends mainly of glycerol concentration, NaOH/glycerol ratio, catalyst/glycerol ratio, and O2/glycerol ratio. The optimal conditions we found were a temperature of 60 °C, a NaOH/glycerol molar ratio of 2, an O2/glycerol molar

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Davarnejad, Reza, Jamal Azizi, Amir Joodaki, and Sepideh Mansoori. "Optimization of electro-Fenton oxidation of carbonated soft drink industry wastewater using response surface methodology." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 39, no. 2 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2020.2101.

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The immense volume of highly polluted organic wastewater continuously generated in the beverage industry urges the design of new types of wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the electro-Fenton (EF) technique to reduce organic pollution of real effluent from a carbonated soft drink factory. The impact of various process variables like pH, time, current density, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, and the volume ratio of H2O2/soft drink wastewater (SDW) was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The observed responses were in good agreement with predicte

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Regalado-Méndez, Alejandro, Juan Mentado-Morales, Ever Peralta-Reyes, et al. "Biodiesel Production from Jatropha oaxacana Oil by Reactive Vacuum Distillation: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.385.

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The application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for modeling and optimization of the influence of three operating variables (mass of catalyst, MeOH/Oil molar ratio, and temperature) on performance of Reactive Vacuum Distillation (RVD) to increase biodiesel yield is discussed in this work. Changes in RVD performance during biodiesel production were evaluated by using RSM and CCRD. A mathematical equation to model biodiesel production by RVD was derived from computer simulation programming by applying a least squares method using MATLAB® v. R20

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Tariq, Quratulain, Mariam Ajmal Tareen, Iftikhar Uddin, and Umar Hussain. "Radiographic Employment of Mandibular Third-Molar Mineralisation to Estimate Chronological Age in a Population of Peshawar, Pakistan." Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 30, no. 1 (2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25301/jpda.301.39.

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OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between chronological age (CA) and mandibular third molar (MTM) development in a sample of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population. Furthermore, to provide forensic reference data for age determination from MTM mineralisation. Finally, to derive regression formulae specific to this population to estimate age using MTM calcification stages. METHODOLOGY: Four hundred and seventy orthopantomographs (OPGs) of patients aged between 13-26 years from the Orthodontics department archive at the main tertiary dental hospital of KP were studied for development of MTM s

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Sharawy, Wael Waheed, and Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed. "Endodontic Management of a Three Rooted Mandibular Third Molar with a Dilacerated Distal Root and Close Approximation to the Inferior Alveolar Canal: A Case Report." International Dental Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2017.vol7.no2.4.

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Aim: A thorough understanding of root and canal anatomical variations is essential for achieving successful endodontic treatment. Literature continues to demonstrate complex root and canal anatomical variations in mandibular third molars which are sometimes in close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. Methodology: A 26-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment of a three-rooted mandibular third molar with a dilacerated distal root and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. A cone beam computed tomography was performed to assess the root and canal

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Lencina, María M. Soledad, Franco L. Redondo, Camila Müller та ін. "A Straightforward Methodology for the Synthesis of α,ω-Telechelic Poly(dimethylsiloxane)s". Australian Journal of Chemistry 71, № 3 (2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch17508.

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In this work we report the synthesis of α,ω-telechelic poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (α,ω-PDMS) by employing a novel bifunctional initiator obtained from a commercially available siloxane precursor, diglycidylether-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS-DGE). The synthetic strategy was easily followed by different colour changes, and involved the high-vacuum reaction of sec-Bu−Li+ with 1,1′-diphenylethylene (DPE) to afford the addition adduct (bright red) that was subsequently reacted with PDMS-DGE, promoting the nuclephilic ring-opening from epoxide-end chains. The resulting bifunctional initiator

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Bharti, Priyanka, Bhaskar Singh, and R. K. Dey. "Process optimization of biodiesel production catalyzed by CaO nanocatalyst using response surface methodology." Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2019): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40097-019-00317-w.

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Abstract Uses of nanocatalysts have become more useful in optimizing catalytic reactions. They are known to enhance the rate of reaction by offering a greater number of active sites by possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio. In the present work, calcium oxide nanocatalysts were synthesized through the sol–gel method. The particle size of the nanocatalyst prepared ranged up to 8 nm. Soybean oil was used as the raw material for the synthesis of biodiesel. The synthesized nano-CaO was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffra

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Iftikhar, Ayesha, and Tayyaba Jahanzeb. "Correlation of Lower Third Molar Angulation and Posterior Space Discrepancy with Mandibular Anterior Crowding using 3d Intra Oral Scanner." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 8, no. 3 (2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.8-3.194.

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    OBJECTIVES: To objectively determine the correlation of lower third molar angulation and posterior space discrepancy with mandibular anterior crowding digitally using intraoral scanner. METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional analytical study conducted at Rehman College of Dentistry (RCD) Peshawar from15th November 2020 till 15th December 2020. Lower third molar angulation and posterior space discrepancy were measured by IC 3.1 measure software, using digital Orthopantomograms (OPG). Digitally scanned models by (CS 3600 intraoral scanner) were analyzed using

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Mehdizadeh, Hamideh, and Ebrahim Najafi Kani. "Modeling the influence of chemical composition on compressive strength behavior of alkali-activated phosphorus slag cement using statistical design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 12 (2018): 1073–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0132.

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In this study, a statistical experimental design based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been applied to predict and optimize the compressive strength of alkali-activated phosphorus slag in different ages (3, 7, and 28 days). For this purpose, the binder samples were prepared with different molar ratios of SiO2/Na2O (S/N), Na2O/Al2O3(Na/Al), and H2O/Al2O3(H/Al) as alkali activator. Results showed that S/N molar ratio plays its role in early ages of curing and Na/Al molar ratio, and showed its significant effect on 7 and 28 days of compressive strength. H/Al molar ratio had the most sig

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Taheri, Armin, Ensieh Ganji Babakhani, and Jafar Towfighi. "Study of synthesis parameters of MIL-53(Al) using experimental design methodology for CO2/CH4 separation." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 1-2 (2017): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617416688690.

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In this study hydrothermal method was used to synthesize MIL-53(Al) (MIL stands for Materials Institute of Lavoisier). Plackett–Burman (P–B) as an experimental design method was applied to investigate the effect of synthesis and activation conditions on specific surface area, relative crystallinity, and production yield of MIL-53(Al) synthesis. Some parameters such as ligand-to-metal molar ratio, synthesis time, synthesis temperature, calcination temperature, and calcination time were selected as the variables. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique was used in order to estimate the specif

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Chumuang, Nichaonn, and Vittaya Punsuvon. "Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production Using Calcium Methoxide Catalyst Assisted with Tetrahydrofuran as Cosolvent." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4190818.

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The present study was performed to optimize a heterogeneous calcium methoxide (Ca(OCH3)2) catalyzed transesterification process assisted with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a 5-level-4-factor central composite design was applied to investigate the effect of experimental factors on the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion. A quadratic model with an analysis of variance obtained from the RSM is suggested for the prediction of FAME conversion and reveals that 99.43% of the observed va

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Yusof, Nurul Atikah Amin, Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir, Siti Efliza Ashari, Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi, and Rossuriati Dol Hamid. "Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 4 (2019): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.34903.

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Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimu

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Okullo, Aldo, A. K. Temu, J. W. Ntalikwa, and P. Ogwok. "Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 3 (November 2010): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.3.62.

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The most important factors that influence biodiesel production are temperature, molar ratio, catalyst amount, time and degree of agitation. This study investigated the effects of temperature, molar ratio and degree of agitation and their interactions on the yield and purity of biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil. Factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to predict yield and purity of biodiesel as functions of the three variables. Interactions of all the factors were found to be significant on both yield and purity responses. Temperature and molar ratio main effects we

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Hernández-Vázquez, Rosa Alicia, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa, Rodrigo Arturo Marquet-Rivera, et al. "High-Biofidelity Biomodel Generated from Three-Dimensional Imaging (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography): A Methodological Proposal." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (January 28, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4292501.

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Experimental research on living beings faces several obstacles, which are more than ethical and moral issues. One of the proposed solutions to these situations is the computational modelling of anatomical structures. The present study shows a methodology for obtaining high-biofidelity biomodels, where a novel imagenological technique is used, which applies several CAM/CAD computer programs that allow a better precision for obtaining a biomodel, with highly accurate morphological specifications of the molar and tissues that shape the biomodel. The biomodel developed is the first lower molar sub

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Gunawan, Erin Ryantin, and Dedy Suhendra. "FOUR-FACTOR RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF WAX ESTER FROM PALM KERNEL OIL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2010): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21653.

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The synthesis of wax ester using refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm kernel oil (PKO) and oley alcohol catalyzed by Lipozyme IM was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, four-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effects of synthesis, of reaction time (5-20 h), temperature (20-50 oC), amount of enzyme (0.1-0.2 g) and substrate molar ratio (palm kernel oil to oleyl alcohol, 1:1-1:5) on the percentage yield of wax esters. The optimum condition conditions derived via RSM were reaction time 8.46 h, temperature

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Khine, May Myat, P. Srinophakun, A. Thanapimmetha, and M. Saisriyoot. "Statistical Optimization of Esterification Reaction to Produce Biodiesel from the Mixture of PFAD and Palm Stearin Oil Using Two-Step Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.98.

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In this study, the optimization of esterification from the mixture of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and palm stearin (PS) oil followed by transesterification reaction has been investigated. The free fatty acid (FFA) content of raw oil mixture was ca. 50%. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 3-level-3-factor Box-Behnken design were employed to predict the conversion of FFA as a function of reaction temperature, wt.% of catalyst (based on FFA in the mixture) and molar ratio of methanol to FFA. Experiments were performed under varied conditions with three fixed parameters; 3:1 molar ratio

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Wan, Zuraida, Bassim H. Hameed, N. Mohammad Nor, and Nur Alwani Ali Bashah. "Optimization of Methyl Ester Production from Waste Palm Oil Using Activated Carbon Supported Calcium Oxide Catalyst." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.346.

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In this study, methyl ester (ME) was produced by transesterification of waste cooking palm oil (WPO) using activated carbon supported calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst (CaO/AC). Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the effect of reaction time, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature and catalyst amount to produce highest ME content. The optimum reaction condition was at 5.5 wt% catalyst amount, 170 °C temperature, 15:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 2 h 22 min reaction time. The predicted and experimental ME content were found to

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Hakin, Andrew W., Susan A. M. Mudrack, and Colin L. Beswick. "The volumetric and thermochemical properties of L-ascorbic acid in water at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 7 (1993): 925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-123.

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Measurements have been made at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K with a flow microcalorimeter and densimeter to obtain heat capacities and densities for L-ascorbic acid and sodium chloride in water. These data are reported in terms of apparent molar volumes [Formula: see text] and apparent molar heat capacities [Formula: see text] The volume of ionization (ΔV0) and heat capacity of ionization (ΔCP0) for the acid at 298.15 K have been calculated using a method that does not require volumetric and thermochemical data for the sodium salts of the acid. Details of our methodology are presented.

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ÇOLAK, Mehmet. "A radiographic evaluation of impacted third molar teeth of patients in the South-east of Turkey: a retrospective study." International Dental Research 9, no. 3 (2019): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no3.6.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the radiographs of the region of the third molar teeth in adults who presented with various complaints. The impaction status of these teeth was examined according to the positions shown, gender and the jaw. Methodology: A retrospective evaluation was made of the panoramic radiographs of a total of 664 patients, comprising 341 males and 323 females with a mean age of 23.96 years (range, 17-35 years). The impaction status and position were examined in a total of 1331 third molar teeth; 456 maxillary and 875 mandibular. Result

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Morozova, Marina, Svetlana Dem'yanenko, Natalia Marchenka, Vyacheslav Kirichenko, Ekaterina Romanova, and Andrey Morozov. "X-RAY ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION OF THE RUDIMENTS OF ABNORMALLY LOCATED LOWER THIRD MOLARS DURING THEIR FORMATION AND GROWTH." Actual problems in dentistry 16, no. 1 (2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-1-108-113.

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Subject. The issues of indications, contraindications and the optimal timing for the removal of abnormally located lower third molars remain relevant in dentistry. Numerous evidence has been accumulated of their negative impact on the formation of the dentofacial system, however, X-ray patterns of patients with this pathology in the process of their formation, development and change in the angle of inclination, as well as the growing problems associated with the growth of these teeth in the dentition and bite have not been studied. The goal is to study the dynamics of the position of the

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Ognjanovic, Nevena, Dejan Bezbradica, and Zorica Knezevic. "Optimization of the production of biodiesel by a commercial immobilized lipase in a solvent-free system using a response surface methodology." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 73, no. 2 (2008): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0802147o.

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Response surface methodology was used for the evaluation of the effects of various factors on the synthesis of biodiesel catalyzed with immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei in a solvent-free system. The production of biodiesel was optimized and model response equations were obtained, enabling the prediction of biodiesel production from the values of the four main factors. It would seem that the reaction temperature and the amount of water predominantly determined the conversion process while the methanol/oil molar ratio had no significant influence on the reaction rate. The temperature an

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Açıklar Kavas, Anıl, and Emin Caner Tümen. "Volumetric pulp chambers measurements in mandibular and maxillary permanent first molar using cone-beam computed tomography by age and gender." International Dental Research 9, no. 1 (2019): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2019.vol9.no1.5.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical structure of pulp chamber, measure the volume of the total pulp chambers in mm3 and evaluate the pulp chamber volume changes by age and gender statistically in mandibular and maxillary first molars by means of CBCT. Methodology: In our study, CBCT examinations of patients between the ages of 7-18 years, which were carried out due to different reasons were evaluated retrospectively. The CBCT images of healthy total of 160 lower and upper right permanent first molar teeth were selected randomly and the volumes of the total pulp c

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Basavaraju, Girish, and Ravishankar Rajanna. "Flow Process Development and Optimization of A Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction using Response Surface Methodology." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 3 (2020): 604–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8229.604-616.

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A custom-made tubular flow reactor was utilized to develop a mathematical model and optimize the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction. In this study, the experimentation was designed and executed through the statistical design of experiments (DoE) approach via response surface methodology. The effect of molar ratios of phenylboronic acid (1) and 4-bromophenol (2), temperature, the catalyst tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, and equivalence of aqueous tripotassium phosphate was studied in detail. The flow reactor profile was in good agreement with batch conditions and significant improvem

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Hanrahan, Patrick L. "The Plume Volume Molar Ratio Method for Determining NO2/NOx Ratios in Modeling—Part I: Methodology." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 49, no. 11 (1999): 1324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1999.10463960.

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Tanteri, Giulia, Carlotta Tanteri, and Gregor Slavicek. "Condylographic recording of masticatory function: explorative study on occlusal parameters and chewing performance with natural food and a standard food model." STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL 8, no. 1 (2021): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2021.8(1).art.6.

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Introduction Loss of teeth defines oral health status and chewing abilities. Caries and periodontal disease have been associated with systemic diseases, however they may contribute to cognitive impairment too. Mastication assessment appears to possess broad significance, and is needed to create background knowledge for chewing harmony. The aim of this study was to evaluate chewing performance and the characteristics of condylographic recordings, during mastication of Natural Food (NF) and a Standard Food Model (SFM), in subjects with different occlusal parameters. Methodology Twenty-three adul

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Rajakumar, Perumal, Kannupal Srinivasan, and Govindasamy Periyasami. "Synthesis of axially chiral dendrimers containing meta-terphenyl peripheral groups and a chiral binol core." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 2 (2005): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054497245.

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Fréchet-type poly(arylether) dendritic bromides carrying m-terphenyl peripheral groups were synthesised up to second generation by convergent methodology. Simple O-alkylation of chiral (S)-BINOL with the dendritic bromides afforded the corresponding axially chiral dendrimers. The molar optical rotation values of the dendrimers become increasingly negative as the dendrimer generation increases.

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Luo, Xianxin, Junfeng Su, Han Liu, et al. "Performance of an autotrophic denitrification process with mixed electron donors and a functional microbial community." Water Supply 19, no. 2 (2018): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.088.

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Abstract A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) using Mn(II) and Fe(II) as mixed electron donors was designed for nitrate removal. The optimal state, as determined by response surface methodology, was an Fe(II):Mn(II) molar ratio of 0.62, electron donor:electron acceptor molar ratio of 2.62 and hydraulic retention time of 10.88 h. Subsequently, the MBBR was applied to groundwater treatment and demonstrated a final nitrate-N removal efficiency of 99.5% with a nitrite-N accumulation rate of 0.0706 mg-N·L−1·h−1. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize bacterial communiti

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Aktuna Belgin, Ceren, Ozkan Adiguzel, Marius Bud, Mehmet Colak, and Zeki Akkus. "Mandibular Buccal Bone Thickness In Southeastern Anatolian People: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study." International Dental Research 7, no. 1 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2017.vol7.no1.2.

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Aim: Buccal bone thickness is an important factor in implant treatment, bone health after tooth extraction, apical surgery, and esthetic outcomes. We evaluated the distance from the mandibular premolar and molar teeth apices to the buccal cortical bone in southeastern Anatolian people using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: This retrospective study was performed in 461 posterior teeth (220 premolars, 241 molars) of 133 patients (62 females, 64 males) at Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Data were analyzed using Studen

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Nikam, Rohit Madhukar. "Suggested Methodology of Molar Density along X-Ray Diffraction Spectrum for Nano-composite Mixture with Standard Formulae." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 12 (2020): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32660.

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Sheng, Xiaofei, Yajuan Cheng, Yingming Yao, and Zhe Zhao. "Optimization of Synthesizing Upright ZnO Rod Arrays with Large Diameters through Response Surface Methodology." Processes 8, no. 6 (2020): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060655.

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The deposition parameters involved in chemical bath deposition were optimized by a response surface methodology to synthesize upright ZnO rod arrays with large diameters. The effects of the factors on the preferential orientation, aspect ratio, and diameter were determined systematically and efficiently. The results demonstrated that an increased concentration, elevated reaction temperature, prolonged reaction time, and reduced molar ratio of Zn2+ to tri-sodium citrate could increase the diameter and promote the preferential oriented growth along the [002] direction. With the optimized paramet

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