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Journal articles on the topic 'Molarity (M)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Astini, Vita, Selvia Meirawati, Sulistia Nengsih, et al. "Influence of Electrolyte Molarity and Applied Voltage on the Purification of Ferronickel by Electrolysis Method." Metalurgi 39, no. 1 (2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/metalurgi.2024.742.

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The current advancements in the automotive industry highlight the critical need for electric vehicles, which require a reliable supply of nickel for battery production. A potential nickel source is Ferronickel's local content, which can be used as a secondary resource. However, research on converting smelted Ferronickel into electrolytic nickel is still limited. This study aims to examine the effects of electrolyte molarity and applied voltage during the electrolysis process for refining Ferronickel. The molarities of HCl employed in this research are 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 M for 2 hours.

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2

Lourduraj, Stephen, and Rayar Victor Williams. "Effect of molarity on sol–gel routed nano TiO2 thin films." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 07, no. 06 (2017): 1750042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x17500424.

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The nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO[Formula: see text] thin films have been prepared for the molar concentrations of titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) 0.05[Formula: see text]M, 0.1[Formula: see text]M, 0.15[Formula: see text]M and 0.2[Formula: see text]M by sol–gel routed spin coating technique with calcination at 450[Formula: see text]C. The processing parameters such as, pH value (8), catalyst HCl (0.1[Formula: see text]ml), spin speed (3000[Formula: see text]rpm) and calcination temperature (450[Formula: see text]C) are optimized. The crystalline nature and surface morphology were ana

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3

Wardhono, Arie, Yogie Risdianto, Bambang Sabariman, and Ninik Wahju Hidajati. "The role of NaOH molarity on the strength performance of geopolymer mortar prepared by a combination of fly ash, rice husk ash, and kaolin at heat-cured condition." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1416, no. 1 (2024): 012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1416/1/012044.

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Abstract The use of fly ash as geopolymer primary material has been widely used, however, the availability of this material is decreasing along with the closure of coal-based power plants to address the global warming issue. Therefore, finding an alternative material to substitute the role of fly ash in geopolymer manufacturing is necessary This paper reports the effect of NaOH molarity variations on the strength properties of fly ash-rice husk ash-kaolin-based geopolymer. The geopolymer mortars were prepared by mixing 0.7 fly ash, 0.21 rice husk ash, and 0.09 kaolin with sodium silicate and N

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4

Anggita, Sheilla Rully, Hamdan Hadi Kusuma, Heni Sumarti, and Sosiawati Teke. "Effect of Molarity on Double Layer Photocatalytic Activity ZnO/ZnO:Ag for Metanil Yellow Degradation." Physics Education Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2023): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/perj.2023.5.1.13301.

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Double layer (DL) ZnO/ZnO:Ag has been synthesized with variations in molarity of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 M and its application as a degrading agent for methanil yellow dye. This study aims to determine the effect of the molarity of the DL ZnO/ZnO:Ag on crystallinity and photocatalytic activity for methanil yellow degradation. DL ZnO/ZnO:Ag was synthesized using sol-gel technique and deposited with spray coating technique. The results of DL ZnO/ZnO:Ag were characterized by XRD to determine the crystallinity and particle size. The photocatalytic activity was carried out by immersing the DL ZnO/Zn

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5

Sultan, Mufti Amir, Devina Puspa Hastira, and Kusnadi Kusnadi. "PENGARUH MORALITAS NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN POROSITAS MORTAR RINGAN GEOPOLIMER." Techno (Jurnal Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto) 26, no. 1 (2025): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.30595/techno.v26i1.22069.

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Lightweight mortar is an alternative for developingÂ Â lightweight material innovations as a form of prevention against damage caused by earthquakes. Cement production is the biggest contributor to global warming, namely 1 ton of CO2Â residue per 1 ton of OPC production. So environmentally friendly material innovation is needed in the field of materials engineering, namely using fly ash as a binder to replace cement as well as using waste. The concentration of alkali activator greatly influences the strength of the mortar. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the charact

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6

Aida, M. S., M. Hjiri, N. H. Alonizan, B. Zarrad, A. H. Hammad, and M. K. Al Zahrani. "ZnO and Simonkolleite Nanocomposite Synthesis via Green Chemistry Using Hibiscus Flower Extract." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 10, no. 12 (2021): 123016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ac44f2.

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In the present work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and Simonkolleite (SK) nanocomposite was prepared using a facile green synthesis route, using hibiscus flower extract. Zinc chloride as starting solution was mixed with hibiscus plant extract. The zinc salt molarity was varied in order to investigate its effect on the synthetized nanocomposite structure. The synthetized nanocomposite were characterized by mean of X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the zinc chloride mo

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7

Sumalatha, Chevva, Reddy Tirumalareddygari Sreenivasulu, Reddy Guddeti Phaneendra, and Ramakrishna Reddy Kotte Tulasi. "Precursor Molarity Influence on Sprayed Mo-doped ZnO Films for solar cells." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 36 (2022): 1800–1807. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i36.842.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> Current research focuses on the role of precursor molarity effect on sprayed Mo-doped ZnO films and their suitability as window layers in solar cells. <strong>Methods:</strong> Molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (MZO) thin films were deposited by the technique of spray pyrolysis, varying the Zn molarity in the range, of 0.01 M to 0.20 M at a constant substrate temperature of 400 ◦C. The Mo doping concentration was constant at 2 at. %. <strong>Findings:</strong> The XPS studies witnessed the presence of Mo and Zn in +6 and +2 state re

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8

Spanou, Maria, Sokrates Ioannou, Konstantina Oikonomopoulou, et al. "Investigation of the Geopolymerization Potential of a Waste Silica-Rich Diabase Mud." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093189.

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Diabase mud (DM) is a silica-rich residue yielding from aggregate crushing and washing operations in quarries. This work focuses on identifying the geopolymerization potential of a diabase mud through characterization of its mineralogical composition, investigation of its reactivity, and assessment of the early compressive strengths of alkali activated mixtures formulated based on the mud’s dissolution results. The findings suggest that considerably low amounts of Al and Si metals were dissolved following the dissolution tests conducted on DM, however, the incorporation of small quantities of

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9

Motloch, Petr, and Christopher A. Hunter. "Quantification of cooperativity in the self-assembly of H-bonded rosettes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 8 (2020): 1602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob00068j.

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10

Brunda, B. N., R. Amar, and B. A. Chethan. "An Experimental Study on The Effect of Chemical Composition on The Strength Behaviour of Geopolymer Mortar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1387, no. 1 (2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1387/1/012010.

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Abstract Sustainable development in the construction industry aims to improve the lifetime standards of present and future generations. Among industrial by-products, Ground Granulated blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) powder is employed as a cementitious material. This work investigates the properties of geopolymer binders prepared using the GGBS without conventional cement. The individual properties of the Geopolymer mortar (GPM) samples such as compressive strength and chemical composition were evaluated as per relevant IS Standards. Cubes of size (70.6×70.6×70.6) mm were cast and cured at ambient c

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11

Belamri, Zehira, Warda Darenfad, and Noubeil Guermat. "Molarity dependence of solution on structural and hydrophobic properties of ZnO nanostructures." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 99 (2024): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2024230146.

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The impact of the molarity solution on this property of elaborated ZnO thin films coating on a metallic aluminum substrate are the aim of this present work. ZnO is the chosen material to be deposited in this work; it is one of the most used materials in the development of hydrophobic surfaces due to its interesting physical and structural properties. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and a profilometer. The wettability properties of the synthesized films were

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12

Bakr, Nabeel A., Tariq A. Al Dhahir, and Saja B. Mohammad. "Growth of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Single Crystals by Slow Evaporation Technique." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 13, no. 2 (2017): 4651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v13i2.5963.

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Single crystals of CuSO4.5H2O (CSP) were grown by slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature from its aqueous solution with molarity (0.25, 0.5 and 1.5) M. The sizes of the crystals were up to (39Ã—12Ã—3) mm3, (33.05Ã—30.5Ã—4.7) mm3 and (19.12Ã—15.3Ã—5.5) mm3 respectively. XRD patterns were recorded for powder of single crystals to find the parameters of crystals. FTIR studies confirm the presence of various functional groups in the crystals. The optical absorption was study by using UV-Vis analysis. The spectra show low absorbance in the range between 300 nm and 550 nm. Energy ga

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13

Diana, W., RA Ma’rifah, and E. Hartono. "The Tensile Strength of Marine Sand Using Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer: Influence of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration and Alkaline Activator Ratio." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2989, no. 1 (2025): 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2989/1/012038.

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Abstract Marine sand is a non-cohesive material with low bearing capacity and high settlement potential. This study investigates fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer stabilization to enhance its mechanical properties. Sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used as alkaline activators at concentrations of 12 M and 14 M, with varying Na₂SiO₃ to NaOH ratios (1; 1.5; 2; 2.5). The tensile strength was evaluated using the indirect split tensile (Brazilian) test on samples cured for 14 and 28 days. Results indicate a significant increase in tensile strength with higher molarity

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14

Habubi, Nadir Fadhil, Raid A. Ismail, and Mahmood M. Abbod. "The Effect of Molarity on some Physical Properties of In₂S₃ Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 63 (January 2016): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.63.134.

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In2S3thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method using indium chloride and thiourea as precursors at a different molar ratio (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2)M. The deposition was carried out at 400 °C on glass substrates. The film thickness is about 0.4 μm. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the films were polycrystalline in nature with a strong (311) plane as the preferred orientation and consisted of cubic phases. The evaluated crystallite size varied in the range of (7.32–8.32) nm with the increase of molarity concentration. Morphological analysis showed that t

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15

Habubi, Nadir Fadhil, Raid A. Ismail, and Mahmood M. Abbod. "The Effect of Molarity on some Physical Properties of In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Deposited by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 63 (January 4, 2016): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ak0440.

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In2S3 thin films were grown by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method using indium chloride and thiourea as precursors at a different molar ratio (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2)M. The deposition was carried out at 400 °C on glass substrates. The film thickness is about 0.4 μm. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the films were polycrystalline in nature with a strong (311) plane as the preferred orientation and consisted of cubic phases. The evaluated crystallite size varied in the range of (7.32–8.32) nm with the increase of molarity concentration. Morphological analysis showed that

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16

Sarika, Jadhav, and S. Ravangave Limbraj. "Influence of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 10, no. 3 (2021): 198–204. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp198-204.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited for five different molarity (M) of Zinc acetate hydrated (0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175 M) using simple spray technique to study the effect of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties. The XRD patterns of deposited ZnO thin films show hexagonal crystal structure with wurtzite symmetry. The effect of molarity on morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis was studied by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical absorption was recorded by using systronics double b

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17

Pratama, Detak Yan, Axl Bintanis Ghafirilla Valhalla, Sufilman Ely, Agus Muhamad Hatta, and Pratapa Suminar. "Temperature and Molarity Effects on the Synthesized Zircon Crystal Cells." Materials Science Forum 1094 (July 27, 2023): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-cgaj4b.

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A study was carried out on the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) temperature and molarity during the dissolution process on the crystal cell of ZrSiO4 of zircon powders derived from zircon sand mined in Kereng Pangi, Central Kalimantan. The study is a continuation of the previous work and is aimed at associating the process and structural parameters of the zircon phase in the product. The synthesis was started with a well-established route in our laboratory, i.e., magnetic separation and milling for 2 hours, but the subsequent leaching using the HCl step was carried out at varying temperatures

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18

Shanmugam, Rajagopal, Chilakapati Amarnath, Maadhu Nachiyappan, Selvakumar Sathish, and Annamalai Sivalingam. "Production of Geopolymer Composite Blocks With Fly Ash and Pond Ash." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 31, no. 2 (2025): 435–38. https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2025.v31i02.007.

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In the scenario and panorama of waste re-exploitation and eco-sustainable geopolymer block production, the feasibility of total substitution of cement with fly ash in geopolymer blocks was investigated. Variations in characteristic parameters of ecological blocks concerning various molarities of alkaline activators were considered. The ideal molarity ratio prediction was 12 M. It was pragmatic that the better characteristics attained in the ecological blocks were optimal with a molarity of 12. Furthermore, 100% cement can be replaced with fly ash without affecting the strength criteria of geop

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19

Indriani, A. M., G. Utomo, M. Maslina, and A. Rahmadi. "The influence of cementation solution on the permeability of waste sludge stabilized with bacteria as a temporary landfill cover." BIS Health and Environmental Science 1 (October 20, 2024): V124004. https://doi.org/10.31603/bishes.15.

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Piles of rubbish can produce liquid waste called leachate. Leachate from landfills can have negative impacts on the environment and humans. To minimize the impact of leachate on the surrounding environment, the waste is covered with a material that can isolate it from the surrounding environment. Previous research has reported that waste sludge as a by-product of water system processing can be used as a temporary landfill cover after being compacted and reinforced using the MICP method to reduce water flow. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of the

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20

Raviolo, Andrés, Andrea S. Farré, and Nayla Traiman Schroh. "Students' understanding of molar concentration." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 22, no. 2 (2021): 486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0rp00344a.

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This article presents and discusses the results of a study that investigates university students’ comprehension of the concept of molar concentration, following teaching and evaluation of the subject. The specific problems underlying learning of this concept have not yet been focused on in sufficient detail or depth. A “Reasoning with molarity” questionnaire, which explores the logical–mathematical relationships between the variables n, V and M, was administered to 303 Argentine first-year university students. Results obtained from think-aloud interviews related to this questionnaire, which we

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21

Jadhav, Sarika Vishvnbath, and Limbraj Sopan Ravangave. "Influence of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties of spray deposited ZnO thin films." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i3.pp198-204.

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<p>Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited for five different molarity (M) of Zinc acetate hydrated (0.075, 0.1, 0.125, 0.15, 0.175 M) using simple spray technique to study the effect of zinc ion concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties. The XRD patterns of deposited ZnO thin films show hexagonal crystal structure with wurtzite symmetry. The effect of molarity on morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis was studied by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical absorption was recorded by using systronics

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22

Putri, Herwina Rahayu, Firman Paledung, Erniati Bachtiar, and Popy Indrayani. "The Effect of Seawater on The Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength in Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete." Civilla : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Lamongan 6, no. 2 (2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v6i2.722.

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Fly ash is a kind of trash that may degrade the quality of the air. As a result, it is critical that it be used as an ecologically beneficial material. Although cement is the most often used construction material, its manufacturing generates carbon dioxide, which may degrade air quality. The aim of this research was to evaluate the compressive strength and split tensile strength of self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) cured in seawater, as well as to compare SCGC with and without saltwater. In this research, a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 20 cm was utiliz

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23

Sabeeh, Sabah H., Hashim Abed Hussein, and Hadia Kadhim Judran. "Effect of Cu Salt Molarity on the Nanostructure of CuO Prolate Spheroid." International Journal of Nanoscience 16, no. 03 (2016): 1650034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16500344.

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Copper sulfate pentahydrate was used as a source of Cu ion with five different molarities (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 2 and 0.25[Formula: see text]M). XRD, FE-SEM and TEM techniques all showed that CuO samples have polycrystalline monoclinic structure. CuO prolate spheroid is assembled from nanoparticles as building units. It was demonstrated that the purity, morphology, size range of prolate spheroid and density of nano building units are significantly influenced by Cu precursor’s molarity. The pure phase of CuO prolate spheroid was produced via molarity of 0.2[Formula: see text]M with crystallit

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24

Kevin Alvin Eswar. "Structural Study of ZnO Nanostructures on Porous Silicon: Effect of Precursor Molarity." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 32, no. 9s (2025): 2900–2907. https://doi.org/10.52783/cana.v32.4581.

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Wet colloid chemical approach has been employed to synthesis ZnO Nanostructure on Porous Silicon (PSi). Precursor molarities in the range of 0.01 M to 0.20 M were used in order to study its effect on structural property of ZnO nanostructures. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology. The result shows that the formation of flower-like composed of nano-particles at 0.01 M. Flower-like ZnO with hexagonal structures were seen at molarity of 0.20 M. The structural was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) microscopy. XRD Spectra shows

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25

Sunberg, Richard J. "A simple procedure to convert parts per million (ppm) to molarity (m)." Journal of Chemical Education 63, no. 8 (1986): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed063p714.

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26

Mohamed, Ruziana, and Muhammad Syakir Azri Anuar. "Structural and Electrochemical Behaviors of ZnO Structure: Effect of Different Zinc Precursor Molarity." Condensed Matter 7, no. 4 (2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat7040071.

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This research synthesised zinc oxide (ZnO) structure by a hydrothermal method. ZnO samples were prepared using different molarities of zinc (Zn) precursor, ranging from 0.10 to 0.16 M. Structural and morphological properties were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns show that all samples are prominently grown along the three diffraction peaks at (001), (002) and (101) planes. The ZnO sample with 0.16 M Zn precursor has the highest peak orientation along the (002) plane. The average crystallite sizes for the ZnO structure with 0.10, 0

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Ekmen, Şevin, Kasım Mermerdaş, Zeynep Alğın, and Yusuf Işıker. "Response surface optimization of geopolymer mix parameters in terms of key engineering properties." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 3 (2022): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.3.631.

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The main aim of the current study is to search the impact of variable matrix phase features on fly ash based lightweight geopolymer mortars (LWGM). Another scope of the study is to obtain performance oriented optimum mixture proportions through response surface method (RSM). In order to have low unit weight for LWGMs, pumice aggregate was utilized as a part of the aggregate. The investigated engineering properties are water absorption, drying shrinkage and thermal conductivity. By performing optimization analysis, it was aimed to obtain the best numerical models representing the experimental r

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Aris, Rita Hardianti, Erniati Bachtiar, and Ritnawati Makbul. "Workability dan Sifat Mekanik Self Compacting Geopolimer Concrete (SCGC)." Civilla : Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam Lamongan 6, no. 2 (2021): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v6i2.718.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between molarity and workability in Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC), as well as mechanical properties. Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests are used to characterize the mechanical characteristics in this research. Additionally, the study investigates the optimal molarity for self-compacting geopolymer concrete. Fly ash was used in lieu of cement in this research. On new concrete self-compacting geopolymer, workability is determined using the EFNARC standard, which includes the Slump Flow, V-Funnel, and L-

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Mahewar, Ramesh B., Ravikumar R. Vidule, and Limbraj S. Ravangave. "Effect of thiourea on structure, morphology and optical properties of spray deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i1.pp39-46.

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<p>Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films of different Thiorea (SC (NH2)2) molarity were deposited by using simple chemical spray technique at substrate temperature 275°C. Analytical reagent Grade Copper chloride (CuCl2), Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), Tin chloride (SnCl4.5H2O) were used as Cu+ , Zn+ , and Sn+ ion sources respectively and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) (0.02, 0.04 0.06 0.08, and 0.1 M) was used as a Sion source. A set of five CZTS films was deposited using five different molarity of thiourea. The structure, Morphology, Elemental analysis and optical properties of these films were studied using X-ray diffr

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30

Setyarini, Putu Hadi, and Purnomo. "Molarity Relationship of Electrolyte Solution to Aluminum Anodizing Process on Morphology and Corrosion Resistance." Materials Science Forum 961 (July 2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.961.91.

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One type of aluminum that has a widely use is AA 6061 because it has a good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance when compared to the other types of aluminum. Those properties of this alloy can be improved even better by using the anodizing process. In this study, the results of anodizing AA 6061 will be investigated using molarity of sulfuric acid 1, 2 and 3 M, with an anodizing processing time of 60 minutes and temperature of electrolyte solution 10°C towards morphology and corrosion rate. The cathode used in this process is titanium alloy. After the anodizing process was completed

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Ramesh, B. Mahewar, R. Vidule Ravikumar, and S. Ravangave Limbraj. "Effect of thiourea on structure, morphology and optical properties of spray deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 10, no. 1 (2021): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i1.pp39-46.

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Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films of different Thiorea (SC (NH2)2) molarity were deposited by using simple chemical spray technique at substrate temperature 275°C. Analytical reagent Grade Copper chloride (CuCl2), Zinc chloride (ZnCl2), Tin chloride (SnCl4.5H2O) were used as Cu+ , Zn+ , and Sn+ ion sources respectively and thiourea (SC(NH2)2) (0.02, 0.04 0.06 0.08, and 0.1 M) was used as a Sion source. A set of five CZTS films was deposited using five different molarity of thiourea. The structure, Morphology, Elemental analysis and optical properties of these films were studied using X-ray diffratome

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32

Garlapati, Vijay Kumar, Annapurna Kumari, Paramita Mahapatra, and Rintu Banerjee. "Modeling, Simulation, and Kinetic Studies of Solvent-Free Biosynthesis of Benzyl Acetate." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/451652.

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Solvent-free biosynthesis of benzyl acetate through immobilized lipase-mediated transesterification has been modeled and optimized through statistical integrated artificial intelligence approach. A nonlinear response surface model has been successfully developed based on central composite design with transesterification variables, namely, molarity of alcohol, reaction time, temperature, and immobilized lipase amount as input variables and molar conversion (%) as an output variable. Statistical integrated genetic algorithm optimization approach results in an optimized molar conversion of 96.32%

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Anwar, Faiz Habib, Hilal El-Hassan, Mohamed Hamouda, Abdulkader El-Mir, Safa Mohammed, and Kim Hung Mo. "Optimization of Pervious Geopolymer Concrete Using TOPSIS-Based Taguchi Method." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148767.

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This paper evaluates the effect of mix design parameters on the mechanical, hydraulic, and durability properties of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC) made with a 3:1 blend of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and fly ash (FA). A total of nine PGC mixtures were designed using the Taguchi method, considering four factors, each at three levels, namely, the binder content, dune sand addition, alkaline-activator solution-to-binder ratio (AAS/B), and sodium hydroxide (SH) molarity. The quality criteria were the compressive strength, permeability, and abrasion resistance. The Taguchi and TOPSIS m

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Aleixandre, M. A., E. Ayala, and P. Garcia de Jalón. "Effects of exposure to high potassium concentration on the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation from guinea-pig." Bioscience Reports 6, no. 2 (1986): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01115009.

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The effect of potassium on the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LM-MP) preparation from guinea-pig was studied. The strips were exposed to elevated K+ (30 m M, 60 m M, 90 m M, 120 m M or 150 m M). A phasic contraction of the LM-MP was caused by 10m M K+ or 15 m M K+ followed by an increase of the contractile activity probably due to the increase in acetylcholine release. A higher molarity of K+ produces more marked depolarization in the LM-MP and above 22m M K+ tetanizing effects were observed. We attempted to demonstrate that opiate-like material could be released when the tissue was exp

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Ibraheam, A. S., Y. Al-Douri, and U. Hashim. "Effect of Copper Concentration on the Optical Properties of Cu₂Zn_0.8Cd_0.2SnS₄ Pentrary Alloy Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.373.

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Cu2Zn0.2Cd0.8SnS4pentrary alloy nanostructures deposited at different molarity copper 0.3, 0. 5, 0. 7 and 0.9 M were grown by sol-gel method on glass substrate. The optical absorption indicates that the band gap of Cu2Zn0.2Cd0.8SnS4nanostructures decreases linearly from 1.80 eV (0.3M 0) to 1.60 eV (0.9M). The transmittance value is in the range 63-49% depending on the Cu content.

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Mathew, Gifty Mary, Grace Susan Binu, Geo George joice, Leni Ann Biju, and Mini Mathew. "Artificial coarse aggregate from waste materials, fly ash and Msand dust through geopolymerization." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1237, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1237/1/012009.

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Abstract Coarse aggregate is considered the most vital aspect, providing quantity and strength to the concrete. The aggregates are obtained mainly from natural resources by quarrying rocks or riverbeds. Each year, construction industries use large amounts of natural aggregates, resulting in the depletion of raw materials. Different methods, such as sintering, cold bombing, autoclaving, and geopolymerization, can prepare artificial coarse aggregates. Geopolymerization is a chemical reaction between an alkali solution and source materials containing alumina and silicate. The main objective of th

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Nurwidayati, R., A. R. Saidy, H. Wardhana, N. Chairunnisa, and A. Anshar. "The compressive strength and the setting time of partial replacement of fly ash by palm oil fuel ash on geopolymer paste and mortar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184, no. 1 (2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012026.

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Abstract This study replaced fly ash with palm oil fuel ash (POFA) in geopolymer paste and mortar. The alkaline activator was a mixture of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution with a ratio of 2.5. Three variables were evaluated: the raw material combination (100% fly ash and 25% POFA substituted to fly ash), the mass ratio of raw material to alkali activator (60/40, 65/35, and 70/30), and NaOH molarity (8 M and 10 M). The geopolymer mortar was utilized based on the highest compressive strength of geopolymer paste. The ratio of fine aggregate to binder was 65 to 35. The result

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Dineshkumar, M., and C. Umarani. "Effect of Alkali Activator on the Standard Consistency and Setting Times of Fly Ash and GGBS-Based Sustainable Geopolymer Pastes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2593207.

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In this study, an attempt has been made to study the effect of alkali activator on the standard consistency and setting times of low calcium fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)- based sustainable geopolymer pastes. Different proportions of FA and GGBS were blended into mixes of geopolymer paste using sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) as alkaline activator solution (AAS). Tests on geopolymer pastes for consistency and initial and final setting times were carried out for three different SH : SS ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3 for both 2.5 M (molarity) and

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Asha, P. K., M. S. Raghu, and V. S. Anusuya Devi. "Properties of Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant in the Determination of Fexofenadine in Pharmaceuticals." Sensor Letters 18, no. 1 (2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4190.

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Fexofenadine has been assayed by two methods. Titration (given as Method A) and spectrophotometric (given as Method B) were two methods involved in the assay procedure. The proposed titrimetric technique depends on the oxidation of FFH with identified abundance of KMnO4 and uninvolved KMnO4 was dictated by reacting it with FAS whose molarity is 0.05 M. Response stoichiometry is observed to be 1:2 (FFH: potassium permanganate).

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Khan, Qasim Shaukat, Raja Hilal Ahmad, Asad Ullah Qazi, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, and Muhammad Hassan Javed. "Integrated Mechanical and Eco-Economical Assessments of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete." Buildings 15, no. 14 (2025): 2555. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142555.

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This research evaluates the mechanical properties, environmental impacts, and cost-effectiveness of Hub Coal fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer concrete (FAGPC) as a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete. This local FA has not been investigated previously. A total of 24 FAGPC mixes were tested under both ambient and heat curing conditions, varying the molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (10-M, 12-M 14-M and 16-M), sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (Na2SiO3/NaOH) ratios (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5), and alkaline activator solution to fly ash (AAS/FA) ratios (0.5 and

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Homolková, M., P. Hrabák, N. Graham, and M. Černík. "A study of the reaction of ferrate with pentachlorophenol – kinetics and degradation products." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 1 (2016): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.496.

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a persistent pollutant which has been widely used as a pesticide and a wood preservative. As PCP is toxic and is present in significant quantities in the environment, there is considerable interest in elimination of PCP from waters. One of the promising methods is the application of ferrate. Ferrate is an oxidant and coagulant. It can be applied as a multi-purpose chemical for water and wastewater treatment as it degrades a wide range of environmental pollutants. Moreover, ferrate is considered a green oxidant and disinfectant. This study focuses on the kinetics of P

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Özkan, Hakan, Nausad Miyan, Nihat Kabay, and Tarik Omur. "Experimental and Statistical Study on the Properties of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Based Alkali-Activated Mortar." Materials 16, no. 6 (2023): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062357.

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Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) is a waste material generated during the steelmaking process and has the potential to harm both the environment and living organisms when disposed of in a landfill. However, the cementitious properties of BOFS might help in utilizing this waste as an alternative material in alkali-activated systems. Therefore, in this study, BOFS and blast furnace slag were activated with varying dosages of NaOH, and the fresh, physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties were determined along with statistical analysis to reach the optimal mix design. The test results s

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Srivastava, Amit Kumar, Subhash Thota, and Jitendra Kumar. "Preparation, Microstructure and Optical Absorption Behaviour of NiO Thin Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (2008): 4111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.an36.

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Nickel oxide thin films have been prepared by spin coating on glass, silicon(111) and quartz substrate using a solution of nickel acetate tetrahydrate in 2-methoxyethanol and mono-ethanolamine and subsequent annealing at 300–600 °C for 2 h in air. These films have been characterized with regard to phase, microstructure and optical absorption using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV-visible spectrophotometry, respectively. It is shown that NiO thin films have polycrystalline nature and possess an f.c.c. (NaCl-type) structure with lattice parameter varying with annealing temperatu

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Rinot, Oshri, Nativ Rotbart, Mikhail Borisover, Asher Bar-Tal, and Adi Oren. "Proteinaceous and humic fluorescent components in chloroform-fumigated soil extracts: implication for microbial biomass estimation." Soil Research 59, no. 4 (2021): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20205.

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Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis was employed for characterisation of chloroform fumigation-extractable soil organic matter, commonly used for soil microbial biomass estimation. This allowed, for the first time, to discriminate between humic-like (i.e. noncellular) and microbial protein-like, fumigation-extractable components, challenging the presumption that only microbial constituents contribute to the fumigation flush of C serving as a proxy measure for soil microbial C. A Vertisol was assayed under increasing K2SO4 extractant molari

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Numan, Muhammad, Qasim S. Khan, Asad U. Qazi, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, and Muhammad Junaid Munir. "Development of Cement-Less Recycled Aggregate Concrete Mixes: A Step Towards Sustainable Construction." Sustainability 17, no. 6 (2025): 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062371.

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This study investigates the potential of cement-less recycled aggregate concrete (C.R.A.C.) as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, using industrial waste (fly ash) and construction and demolition waste (recycled coarse aggregates). This research explores the effects of mixes of varying sodium hydroxide (NH) molarities and percentage substitutions of natural coarse aggregates (N.C.As.) with recycled coarse aggregates (R.C.As.) on the mechanical properties of C.R.A.C. A total of eighteen ambient-cured C.R.A.C. mixes, using Thar Coal fly ash with va

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Dodevski, Vladimir, Branka Kaluđerović, Sanja Krstić, et al. "Optimization of Active Carbonaceous Material Obtained by Low Hydrothermal Carbonization of Plane Tree Seed with H₃PO₄." Journal of Nano Research 48 (July 2017): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.48.71.

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Activated carbons (ACs) were successfully prepared using plane tree seed (PTS) as a cheap and renewable raw material. The plane tree seeds were firstly treated combining magnetic (MM) and ultrasonic mixing (USM) during 0.5, 1 and 3 h in 1 M, 3 M and 6 M of H3PO4 solutions, and then activated at 260 °C during 20 h (low temperature hydrothermal carbonization–low HTC) in above mentioned solutions of the same molarity. The influence of combined mixing and activation processes on physical, structural and morphological properties, and their optimization was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD)

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Faraj, Mohammad Ghaffar. "Effect of Aqueous Solution Molarity on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Spray Pyrolysed Lead Sulfide (PbS) Thin Films." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 2015): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.57.122.

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Lead sulfide (PbS) thin films of different molarities (0.05 M, 0.075 M and 0.1 M) were prepared on glass substrates at 325 °C by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the proper phase formation of the PbS. The X-ray diffraction patterns’ results reveal that the all of PbS films have a face centered cubic structure with preferential reflection of (200) plane. The crystallite grain size was calculated using Scherrer formula and it is found that the 0.1M has maximum crystallite grain size (37.4 nm). Depending on the molarity, Hall measurement showed that the

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Faraj, Mohammad Ghaffar. "Effect of Aqueous Solution Molarity on the Structural and Electrical Properties of Spray Pyrolysed Lead Sulfide (PbS) Thin Films." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 4, 2015): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-9q31z4.

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Lead sulfide (PbS) thin films of different molarities (0.05 M, 0.075 M and 0.1 M) were prepared on glass substrates at 325 °C by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the proper phase formation of the PbS. The X-ray diffraction patterns’ results reveal that the all of PbS films have a face centered cubic structure with preferential reflection of (200) plane. The crystallite grain size was calculated using Scherrer formula and it is found that the 0.1M has maximum crystallite grain size (37.4 nm). Depending on the molarity, Hall measurement showed that the

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El-Mir, Abdulkader, Hilal El-Hassan, Amr El-Dieb, and Abdelrahman Alsallamin. "Optimization of Dune Sand-Slag Blended Geopolymer Mortar Using Taguchi Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 364 (2022): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236402009.

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Achieving optimum performance of geopolymer mortar intended for structural and repair applications is a complex task with various factors being considered prior to production. This study explores the influence of mix design parameters on the fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer mortar made with treated dune sand (TDS) and granulated blast furnace slag (BFS). A total of nine geopolymer mortar mixtures were designed following the Taguchi method for four factors, each with three levels. These factors included BFS replacement rate by TDS, alkali-activator solution to binder ratio (AAS/B), s

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Zulkefli, Nurul Noramelya, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Siti Nur Hatika Abu Bakar, Hassimi Abu Hasan, and Nabilah Mohd Sofian. "Application of Response Surface Methodology for Preparation of ZnAC2/CAC Adsorbents for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Capture." Catalysts 11, no. 5 (2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050545.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) should be removed in the early stage of biogas purification as it may affect biogas production and cause environmental and catalyst toxicity. The adsorption of H2S gas by using activated carbon as a catalyst has been explored as a possible technology to remove H2S in the biogas industry. In this study, we investigated the optimal catalytic preparation conditions of the H2S adsorbent by using the RSM methodology and the Box–Behnken experimental design. The H2S catalyst was synthesized by impregnating commercial activated carbon (CAC) with zinc acetate (ZnAc2) with the fac

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