Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mole fractions / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mole fractions.

Journal articles on the topic 'Mole fractions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Mole fractions.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

BHOLE, M. P., E. P. SAMUEL, and D. S. PATIL. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF OPTICAL CONFINEMENT IN ZnO BASED HETEROSTRUCTURES AT 375-NANOMETER WAVELENGTH." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 12 (2008): 1985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208039241.

Full text

Abstract:

Numerical simulation of optical confinement in simple double heterostructure of ZnO / Mg x Zn 1-x O and hybrid double heterostructure of Al x Ga 1-x N/ZnO have been carried out at 375 nanometer wavelength using MATLAB. Field distribution along the junction plane has been studied as a function of mole fractions of Mg and Al for different thickness of active layers. The spread of field has been estimated as a function of mole fractions and articulated as Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM). It was found to be decreasing nonlinearly with increase of Mg mole fraction in simple heterostructure and in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Yeh, Chun-Lang. "Numerical study of the burner parameters on the thermal field in a sulfur recovery unit thermal reactor." MATEC Web of Conferences 169 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816901013.

Full text

Abstract:

A sulfur recovery unit (SRU) thermal reactor is the most important equipment in a sulfur plant and is negatively affected by high temperature operations. In this paper, the effect of burner parameters, including the clearance of the acid gas tip and the inlet air swirler angle, on the thermal field in a SRU thermal reactor are investigated numerically, with the aim to reduce the high temperature inside the thermal reactor and to ensure an acceptable sulfur recovery. The simulation results show that the burner with a smaller clearance of the acid gas tip produces a lower temperature, a lower ex

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ebinger, M. H., and D. G. Schulze. "The influence of pH on the synthesis of mixed Fe-Mn oxide minerals." Clay Minerals 25, no. 4 (1990): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1990.025.4.09.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractMn-substituted iron oxides were synthesized at pH 4, 6, 8, and 10 from Fe-Mn systems with Mn mole fractions (Mn/(Mn + Fe)) of 0, 0·2, 0·4, 0·6, 0·8, and 1·0, and kept at 50°C for 40 days. The Mn mole fraction in goethite was <0·07 at pH 4 but increased to ∼0.47 at pH 6. Goethite and/or hematite formed in Fe and Fe + Mn syntheses at pH 4 and pH 6 at Mn mole fractions ≤0·8, and at Mn mole fractions ≤0·2 at pH 8 and pH 10. Hausmannite and jacobsite formed at pH 8 and pH 10 at Mn mole fractions ≥0·4. In the pure Mn syntheses, manganite (γ-MnOOH) formed at pH 4 and pH 6, whereas hausmann

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Vogt, J. A., A. J. Fischman, M. Kempf, Y. M. Yu, R. G. Tompkins, and J. F. Burke. "A general model for analysis of the tricarboxylic acid cycle with use of [13C]glutamate isotopomer measurements." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 6 (1994): E1012—E1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.6.e1012.

Full text

Abstract:

A generalized steady-state model was developed for determining tricarboxylic acid cycle fractional fluxes from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The model relates the measured mole fractions of [13C]glutamate isotopomers to the fractional fluxes and predicted mole fractions of isotopomers of oxaloacetate (OAA) and acetyl-CoA. This model includes cycling between OAA and fumarate. Fractional fluxes are determined by fitting the model equations to NMR parameters by use of nonlinear least squares. Although only fractional fluxes can be determined from 13C-NMR data, when they are combined

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Nomura, Shohei, Manish Naja, M. Kawser Ahmed, et al. "Measurement report: Regional characteristics of seasonal and long-term variations in greenhouse gases at Nainital, India, and Comilla, Bangladesh." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 21 (2021): 16427–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16427-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the Indian subcontinent have increased during the last 20 years along with rapid economic growth; however, there remains a paucity of GHG measurements for policy-relevant research. In northern India and Bangladesh, agricultural activities are considered to play an important role in GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. We performed weekly air sampling at Nainital (NTL) in northern India and Comilla (CLA) in Bangladesh from 2006 and 2012, respectively. Air samples were analyzed for dry-air gas mole fractions of CO2, CH4, CO, H2, N2O, and SF6 a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Bozorova, D. T., Sh P. Gofurov, A. M. Kokhkharov, and O. B. Ismailova. "STUDY OF HETEROMOLECULAR INTERACTION OF NONAQUEOUS BINARY SOLUTIONS." «Узбекский физический журнал» 22, no. 2 (2020): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52304/.v22i2.187.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, the refractometry method was used to study of the molecular interactions and structural characteristics of dimethylformamide-ethanol and cyclohexane-ethanol binary mixtures. The refractive indices of mixtures were measured over a wide range of dimethylformamide and cyclohexane concentrations (0−1.0 mole fractions) at 25°С. It has been shown that heteromolecular complexes in binary solutions are formed at the concentration of ∼0.5 mole fraction of those compounds due to strong H-bonds. Relatively weak interactions are determined at a concentration of ∼0.2 and ∼0.9 mole fraction of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

D., S. Bhuvaneshwari, John B., Pandeeswaran M., and P. Elango K. "Contrasting solvent effects on the kinetics of oxidation of methionine by quinolinium fluorochromate." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Jul 2005 (2005): 616–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830410.

Full text

Abstract:

Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed University), Gandhigram-624 302, India <em>E-mail </em>: drkpelango@rediffmail.com                           <em>Fax :</em> 91-451-2454466 <em>Manuscript received 30 December 2004. accepted 9 March 2005</em> The oxidation of methionine by quinolinium fluorochromate (QFC) has been studied, in the presence of chloroacetic acid, in water-DMSO and water-acetic acid mixtures of varying mole fractions. The reaction is first order each with respect to methionine, QFC and a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Chuquin-Vasco, Daniel, Dennise Chicaiza-Sagal, Cristina Calderón-Tapia, Nelson Chuquin-Vasco, Juan Chuquin-Vasco, and Lidia Castro-Cepeda. "Forecasting mixture composition in the extractive distillation of n-hexane and ethyl acetate with n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone through ANN for a preliminary energy assessment." AIMS Energy 12, no. 2 (2024): 439–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2024020.

Full text

Abstract:

<abstract> <p>We developed an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict mole fractions in the extractive distillation of an n-hexane and ethyl acetate mixture, which are common organic solvents in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The ANN was trained on 250 data pairs from simulations in DWSIM software. The training dataset consisted of four inputs: Feed flow inlet (T1-F), Feed Stream Mass Flow temperature pressure (FM1-F), Make-up stream mass flow (FM2-MU), and ERC tower reflux ratio (RR-ERC). The ANN demonstrated the ability to forecast four output variables (neurons):

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

You, Yuan, Brendan Byrne, Orfeo Colebatch, Richard L. Mittermeier, Felix Vogel, and Kimberly Strong. "Quantifying the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions on CO, CO2, and CH4 in Downtown Toronto Using Open-Path Fourier Transform Spectroscopy." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070848.

Full text

Abstract:

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially traffic emissions in urban areas, have declined. Long-term measurements of trace gas concentrations in urban areas can be used to quantify the impact of emission reductions on GHG mole fractions. Open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy is a non-intrusive technique that can be used to simultaneously measure multiple atmospheric trace gases in the boundary layer. This study investigates the reduction of mole fractions and mole fraction enhancements above back

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Knepp, T. N., T. L. Renkens, and P. B. Shepson. "Gas phase acetic acid and its qualitative effects on snow crystal morphology and the quasi-liquid layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 20 (2009): 7679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7679-2009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A chamber was constructed within which snow crystals were grown on a string at various temperatures, relative humidities, and acetic acid gas phase mole fractions. The temperature, relative humidity, and acid mole fraction were measured for the first time at the point of crystal growth. Snow crystal morphological transition temperature shifts were recorded as a function of acid mole fraction, and interpreted according to the calculated acid concentration in the crystal's quasi-liquid layer, which is believed to have increased in thickness as a function of acid mole fraction, thereby

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tian, Guo Cai, and Ding Wang. "Simulation Study of the Volume Properties and Diffusion of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate/Ethanol Mixture." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.363.

Full text

Abstract:

The molecular dynamics simulation method is used to study volume properties and diffusion of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4])/ethanol mixture with different molar fractions of ethanol. It is found that the density of the mixture decrease with the increasing of the mole fraction of ethanol, whereas the diffusion coefficient increases. The excess molar volume all appear negative over the entire mole fraction of ethanol which agree well with experimental results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Fang, S. X., L. X. Zhou, P. P. Tans, et al. "In situ measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the four WMO/GAW stations in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 5 (2014): 2541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2541-2014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at four atmospheric observatories in China using cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments. The stations are Lin'an (LAN), Longfengshan (LFS), Shangdianzi (SDZ), and Waliguan (WLG), which are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's economically most developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, cl

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Wei, Chong, Zheng Lyu, Lingbing Bu, and Jiqiao Liu. "Occurrence and Discrepancy of Surface and Column Mole Fractions of CO2 and CH4 at a Desert Site in Dunhuang, Western China." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (2022): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040571.

Full text

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the two major radiative forcing factors of greenhouse gases. In this study, surface and column mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 were first measured at a desert site in Dunhuang, west China. The average column mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) and CH4 (XCH4) were 413.00 ± 1.09 ppm and 1876 ± 6 ppb, respectively, which were 0.90 ppm and 72 ppb lower than their surface values. Diurnal XCO2 showed a sinusoidal mode, while XCH4 appeared as a unimodal distribution. Ground observed XCO2 and XCH4 were compared with international satellites, such as GOSAT, GOSAT-2, OC

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kaur, Gagandeep, and Harsh Kumar. "Unravelling the Interactions Prevailing in Mixed Micellar System of Surface-Active Ionic Liquid and Cationic Surfactant." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 5249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.5249ecst.

Full text

Abstract:

The investigation of mixed micellar behavior of surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL) i.e. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexadecyl sulfate [C4mim][HS] with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been done to explore the type of interactions prevailing in SAIL/Surfactant mixed system. Thus, the conductometric measurements are performed at (298.15, 308.15 and 318.15) K for various mole fractions of [C4mim][HS]. Different theoretical models like Clint, Rubingh, Motomura and Rodenas have been applied to understand mixed micellar behavior of SAIL/Surfactant mixed system. The value

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fang, S. X., L. X. Zhou, P. P. Tans, et al. "In-situ measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> at the four WMO/GAW stations in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (2013): 27287–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-27287-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at 4 atmospheric observatories in China ((Lin'an, LAN), (Longfengshan, LFS), (Shangdianzi, SDZ), and (Waliguan, WLG)) using Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy instruments. All sites are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's most economically developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, close to the ci

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Li, Zhenchao, Yajun Deng, Shihang Rao, Hailong Lu, Jianliang Ye, and Wenwei Xie. "Molecular Insights into Factors Affecting the Generation Behaviors, Dynamic Properties, and Interfacial Structures of Methane Gas Bubbles." Water 14, no. 15 (2022): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152327.

Full text

Abstract:

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the effects of temperatures, pressures, and methane mole fractions on the generation behaviors, dynamic properties, and interfacial structures of methane gas bubbles. Methane gas bubbling can be promoted by high temperatures and high mole fractions of methane, which come from the generation of larger methane clusters in solution. Bubbles were found to be highly dynamic, with more methane molecules exchanging between bubbles and the surrounding solution at high pressures and in systems with high mole fractions of methane. The interfacial st

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Cobos, Jose Carlos, Isaias Garcia, and Carlos Casanova. "Excess properties of mixtures of some n-alkoxyethanols with organic solvents. V. Excess enthalpies of 2-butoxyethanol with normal alkanes at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 10 (1988): 2618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-410.

Full text

Abstract:

The excess molar enthalpy HE has been determined as a function of mole fraction x at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure for five (2-butoxyethanol + n-alkane) mixtures. The n-alkanes were n-heptane, n-octane, n-decane, n-dodecane, and n-tetradecane. The mixtures show positive and unsymmetrical HE, skewed towards low mole fractions of 2-butoxyethanol, and whose value increases with the chain length n of the alkane.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kooijmans, Linda M. J., Ara Cho, Jin Ma, et al. "Evaluation of carbonyl sulfide biosphere exchange in the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB4)." Biogeosciences 18, no. 24 (2021): 6547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6547-2021.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by terrestrial plants is linked to photosynthetic uptake of CO2 as these gases partly share the same uptake pathway. Applying COS as a photosynthesis tracer in models requires an accurate representation of biosphere COS fluxes, but these models have not been extensively evaluated against field observations of COS fluxes. In this paper, the COS flux as simulated by the Simple Biosphere Model, version 4 (SiB4), is updated with the latest mechanistic insights and evaluated with site observations from different biomes: one evergreen needleleaf forest,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

SINGH, VIJENDRA, AJAY KUMAR SINGH, and MOHAN BHUSHAN KALHANS. "A Theoretical and Experimental Approach to Ultrasonic Velocities, Densities, and Refractive Indices in Benzene and Aniline Mixture." Journal of Ultra Scientist of Physical Sciences Section A 36, no. 2 (2024): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/jusps-a/360201.

Full text

Abstract:

The study investigates the theoretical velocities of binary liquid mixtures comprising Aniline and Benzene under 2MHz ultrasonic waves at temperatures of 303.15K, 308.15K, and 313.15K, examined in relation to mole fraction. Experimental data is compared with various theoretical models, including Nomoto theory (NOM), Ideal mixing relation (IMR), Impedance Relation (IR), Rao’s Specific Velocity Method (R), and Junjie’s relations (JR). The work reflects the changes in refractive index with varying liquid density across different mole fractions, explaining observed impacts on ultrasonic velocities

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Matousek, J. W. "Gibbs-Duhem integrations with negative mole fractions." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 37, no. 6 (2006): 1085–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02735031.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Othaman, Zulkafli, Edy Wibowo, and Samsudi Sakrani. "The Effect of Indium Mole Fraction on the Growth Behavior of Your In_xGa_1-xAs Nanowires (NWs) Grown Using MOCVD." Advanced Materials Research 667 (March 2013): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.667.224.

Full text

Abstract:

InxGa1-xAs NWs have been grown with various indium mole fractions (x) using MOCVD. The morphology of InxGa1-xAs NWs was observed using Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) in order to study the growth behavior of the NWs. FE-SEM results show that the NWs growth mechanism has changed due to changing of indium mole fraction. At low indium mole fraction, the NWs grew via direct impinging mechanism which has produced NWs with relatively uniform diameter. By increasing the value of x the growth mechanism has transformed to the combination of direct impinging and diffusion of source

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Rodriguez, I., and A. A. A. Hamouda. "An Approach for Characterization and Lumping of Plus Fractions of Heavy Oil." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 13, no. 02 (2010): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117446-pa.

Full text

Abstract:

Summary Heavy-oil fluids contain large concentrations of high-molecular-weight components, including a large content of the plus fractions, such as C7+. Different approaches have been developed to characterize the petroleum plus fractions to improve prediction of the pseudocomponents properties by equations of state (EOSs). A method is developed in this work to split the plus fraction into single carbon numbers (SCN), generating the mole fraction and the respective molecular weight. The developed method is based on the relationships between three-parameter gamma (TPG) distribution, experimenta

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Guo, J. T., and C. X. Yang. "Study on chemical kinetics of plasma-assisted energetic material combustion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891, no. 9 (2024): 092014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/9/092014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The combustion kinetic mechanism of C4H8N8O8(HMX) is established, with 30 components and 94 reactions. To account for the effects of plasma ignition and assisted combustion, the model incorporates reactions involving H free radicals at varying mole fractions. The thermodynamic parameters of products and combustion pathways of HMX are analysed by using Chemkin. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the reaction of N2O+H=OH+N2 has a great influence on the ignition delay time. H and OH radicals play a positive role in ignition, while OH has higher activity than H. The sensitivity

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bagheri, Ahmad, and Paresa Khalili. "Synergism between non-ionic and cationic surfactants in a concentration range of mixed monolayers at an air–water interface." RSC Advances 7, no. 29 (2017): 18151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27382c.

Full text

Abstract:

The mole fractions of TX100 (Xs1) and C<sub>16</sub>PC (Xs2) at the interface vs. the total surfactant concentrations in the pre-micellar region, C<sub>12</sub>, at various bulk mole fractions (y<sub>1</sub>): (●) 0.1093, (□) 0.1995, (▲) 0.2901, (+) 0.3777 (*) 0.5001 and (○) 0.5972.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wang, H. Y., H. C. Chiu, W. C. Hsu, et al. "The Impact of AlxGa1−xN Back Barrier in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) on Six-Inch MCZ Si Substrate." Coatings 10, no. 6 (2020): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060570.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with AlGaN back barriers (B.B.) were comprehensively investigated based on the different Al mole fractions and thicknesses in the design of the experiments. It was shown that the off-state leakage current can be suppressed following an increase of the Al mole fraction due to the enhancement of the back barrier height. Increasing the AlGaN thickness deteriorated device performance because of the generation of lattice mismatch induced surface defects. The dynamic on-resistance (RON) measurements indicated that the Al mole fracti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Chen, H., A. Karion, C. W. Rella, et al. "Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 4 (2013): 1031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1031-2013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in humid air have been made using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The measurements of CO mole fractions are determined from the strength of its spectral absorption in the near-infrared region (~1.57 μm) after removing interferences from adjacent carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) absorption lines. Water correction functions that account for the dilution and pressure-broadening effects as well as absorption line interferences from adjacent CO2 and H2O lines have been derived for CO2 mole fractions between 360–39

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Eugster, Werner, James Laundre, Jon Eugster, and George W. Kling. "Long-term reliability of the Figaro TGS 2600 solid-state methane sensor under low-Arctic conditions at Toolik Lake, Alaska." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 5 (2020): 2681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2681-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The TGS 2600 was the first low-cost solid-state sensor that shows a response to ambient levels of CH4 (e.g., range ≈1.8–2.7 µmol mol−1). Here we present an empirical function to correct the TGS 2600 signal for temperature and (absolute) humidity effects and address the long-term reliability of two identical sensors deployed from 2012 to 2018. We assess the performance of the sensors at 30 min resolution and aggregated to weekly medians. Over the entire period the agreement between TGS-derived and reference CH4 mole fractions measured by a high-precision Los Gatos Research instrument

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hwang, Woon Suk, and Won Seung Cho. "The Effect of Tungsten Content on Nanocrystalline Structure of Ni-W Alloy Electrodeposits." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 1062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.1062.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of tungsten content on the nanocrystalline structure of Ni-W alloy electrodeposits were investigated. Direct current electrodeposition was conducted with various W mole fractions in a nickel sulfate solution containing citric acid as a complexing agent. Current efficiency was an almost constant value of 52% up to W mole fraction of 0.58. However, it was sharply decreased owing to severe H2 evolution with increasing cathode overvoltage at a W mole fraction higher than 0.74. The X-ray diffraction peak was decreased and broadened with increasing W content, and an amorphous pattern app

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Sun, Xiao-Fei, Zhao-Yao Song, Lin-Feng Cai, Yan-Yu Zhang, and Peng Li. "Phase behavior of heavy oil–solvent mixture systems under reservoir conditions." Petroleum Science 17, no. 6 (2020): 1683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00461-x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA novel experimental procedure was proposed to investigate the phase behavior of a solvent mixture (SM) (64 mol% CH4, 8 mol% CO2, and 28 mol% C3H8) with heavy oil. Then, a theoretical methodology was employed to estimate the phase behavior of the heavy oil–solvent mixture (HO–SM) systems with various mole fractions of SM. The experimental results show that as the mole fraction of SM increases, the saturation pressures and swelling factors of the HO–SM systems considerably increase, and the viscosities and densities of the HO–SM systems decrease. The heavy oil is upgraded in situ via as

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Brooks, B. G. J., A. R. Desai, B. B. Stephens, et al. "Assessing filtering of mountaintop CO<sub>2</sub> mole fractions for application to inverse models of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 4 (2012): 2099–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2099-2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. There is a widely recognized need to improve our understanding of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchanges in areas of complex terrain including the United States Mountain West. CO2 fluxes over mountainous terrain are often difficult to measure due to unusual and complicated influences associated with atmospheric transport. Consequently, deriving regional fluxes in mountain regions with carbon cycle inversion of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction is sensitive to filtering of observations to those that can be represented at the transport model resolution. Using five years of CO2 mole fraction

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Shin, Nara, Su Hyun Kim, Jinok Oh, et al. "Evaluation of Blended Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) Properties Containing Various 3HHx Monomers." Polymers 16, no. 21 (2024): 3077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16213077.

Full text

Abstract:

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), specifically poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(3HB-co-3HHx), PHBHHx) with physical properties governed by the 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) mole fraction, is a promising bioplastic. Although engineered strains used to produce P(3HB-co-3HHx) with various 3HHx mole contents and fermentation techniques have been studied, mass production with specific 3HHx fractions and monomers depends on the batch, supply of substrates, and strains, resulting in the time-consuming development of strains and complex culture conditions for P(3HB-co-3HHx). To overcome these li

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kouderis, Constantine, Afrodite Tryfon, Themistoklis A. Kabanos, and Angelos G. Kalampounias. "The Identification of Structural Changes in the Lithium Hexamethyldisilazide–Toluene System via Ultrasonic Relaxation Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations." Molecules 29, no. 4 (2024): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29040813.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultrasonic absorption measurements were carried out over a wide concentration and temperature range by means of a pulse technique to examine the structural mechanisms and the dynamical properties in lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS)–toluene solutions. Acoustic spectra revealed two distinct Debye-type relaxational absorptions attributed to the formation of trimers from dimeric and monomer units and to the formation of aggregates between a LiHMDS dimer and one toluene molecule in low and high frequencies, respectively. The formation of aggregates was clarified by means of molecular docking a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Okajima, Idzumi, Kaichi Ito, Yusuke Aoki, Chang Yi Kong, and Takeshi Sako. "Extraction of Rice Bran Oil Using CO2-Expanded Hexane in the Two-Phase Region." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072594.

Full text

Abstract:

The performance of CO2-expanded hexane in the vapor-liquid two-phase region was examined to extract phosphorus-free bio-oil from rice bran. Previously, it was found that in the uniform liquid phase region, it is difficult to maintain the phosphorus concentration at a stable and low level when the CO2 mole fraction changed slightly. To overcome this issue, the dependences of the phosphorus and free fatty acid concentrations, the oil solubility, and the oil yield on the CO2 mole fraction in the CO2-expanded hexane were measured at 25 °C, 5.1–5.2 MPa, and at a CO2 mole fraction of 0.88–0.94 in th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Yoshida, Koji, Junko Kawaguchi, Sannum Lee та Toshio Yamaguchi. "On the solvent role in alcohol-induced α-helix formation of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2". Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, № 6 (2008): 1337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880061337.

Full text

Abstract:

The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI2) have been measured as a function of alcohol mole fraction in aqueous mixtures of methanol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol (TFE), and hexafluoro-iso-propanol (HFIP). Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS and SANS) of CI2 was also measured as a function of ethanol mole fraction in ethanol-water mixtures. The CD spectra have shown that the secondary structure of CI2 changes from β-strand to α-helical structure at alcohol mole fractions characteristic of the individual alcohols in an order of HFIP > TFE > ethanol >

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Wang, Yang, Xiangyu Chen, Liping Xu, et al. "Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics Simulation on Combustion Characteristics of Blended Fuels of Coal, Biomass, and Oil Sludge in a 130 t h−1 Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler." Energies 17, no. 1 (2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010149.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, the co-combustion of coal and biomass, and the tri-combustion of coal, biomass, and oil sludge in a 130 t h−1 circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler are investigated via the computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) approach. Furthermore, the effect of biomass feeding position is also comprehensively evaluated. The results show that for the co-combustion of coal and biomass, the O2 mole fraction at the furnace outlet rises from 0.0541 to 0.0640 as the biomass blending ratio enhances from 40% to 100%, while the CO2 mole fraction reduces from 0.1357 to 0.1267. The mole fraction

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gram Shou, Jean Paul, Marcel Obounou, Timoléon Crépin Kofané, and Mahamat Hassane Babikir. "Investigation of the Effects of Steam Injection on Equilibrium Products and Thermodynamic Properties of Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels." Journal of Combustion 2020 (September 3, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2805125.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of steam injection on combustion products and thermodynamic properties of diesel fuel, soybean oil-based biodiesel (NBD), and waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB) are examined in this study by considering the chemical equilibrium. The model gives equilibrium mole fractions, specific heat of the exhaust mixtures of 10 combustion products, and adiabatic flame temperatures. The results show that the mole fractions of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) decrease with the steam injection ratios. Nitric oxide (NO) mole fractions decrease with the steam injections ratios for lean

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sabirov, Leonard, Sh E. Qarshibayev, M. A. Khasanov, and Sh A. Kadirov. "Dispersion of the sound speed in water-organic solutions." «Узбекский физический журнал» 24, no. 4 (2022): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52304/.v24i4.387.

Full text

Abstract:

Concentration and temperature studies of spontaneous Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering of light in aqueous solutions of γ-picoline showed the manifestation of negative dispersion of hypersound velocity at concentrations С ≤ 0.2 mole fractions of γ-picoline. The temperature and concentration dependences of the negative dispersion are associated with the process of solution structurization, which reaches its optimum value at a concentration of C = 0.06 mole fractions of γ-picoline.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shaw, Benjamin, and Jingbin Wei. "Combustion of Methanol Droplets in Air-Diluent Environments with Reduced and Normal Gravity." Journal of Combustion 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/587987.

Full text

Abstract:

Reduced and normal gravity combustion experiments were performed with fiber-supported methanol droplets with initial diameters in the 1 mm size range. Experiments were performed with air-diluent mixtures at about 0.101 MPa and 298 K, where carbon dioxide, helium, or xenon was separately used as the diluent gas. Results indicate that ambient gas transport properties play an important role in determining flammability and combustion behaviors including burning rates and radiant heat output histories of the droplets. Droplets would burn with significantly higher mole fractions of xenon than helium

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Buenaobra, N. M., G. A. Madlangbayan, K. T. A. Ong, L. A. Rovillos, and B. Doma Jr. "Estimation of excess Gibbs free energy of multicomponent biofuel mixtures of Butan-1-ol using machine learning methods based on modified Raoults law models." Applied and Computational Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230456.

Full text

Abstract:

In biofuels, the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing is a very important thermodynamic property as it is used in evaluating the efficiency and sustainability in terms of energy conversion. Multiple biofuel systems containing butan-1-ol were examined with oxygenate ether additives such as MTBE and DIPE using isothermal vapour-liquid equilibrium data at different temperatures (298.15K, 313.15K, 318.15K). Two activity coefficient models, Wilson and van Laar model were compared by determining the bubble pressure and vapor mole fractions of each system using Modified Raoults Law and Machine Learning

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Hooghiem, Joram J. D., Marcel de Vries, Henk A. Been, Pauli Heikkinen, Rigel Kivi, and Huilin Chen. "LISA: a lightweight stratospheric air sampler." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 12 (2018): 6785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6785-2018.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We developed a new lightweight stratospheric air sampler (LISA). The LISA sampler is designed to collect four bag samples in the stratosphere during a balloon flight for CO2, CH4 and CO mole fraction measurements. It consists of four multi-layer foil (MLF) sampling bags, a custom-made manifold, and a diaphragm pump, with a total weight of ∼2.5 kg. A series of laboratory storage tests were performed to assess the stability of CO2, CH4 and CO mole fractions in both MLF and Tedlar bags. The MLF bag was chosen due to its better overall performance than the Tedlar bag for the three specie

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Dong, Zicheng, Aihan Feng, Hao Wang, Shoujiang Qu, and Hao Wang. "Thermodynamic Study on Initial Oxidation Behavior of TiAl-Nb Alloys at High Temperature." Metals 13, no. 3 (2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13030485.

Full text

Abstract:

The initial oxidation behavior of TiAl-Nb alloys was systematically investigated against the composition, temperature, and partial pressure of O2 with the CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) technique. The mole fraction of each oxidation product at the initial oxidation stage of the alloys at the corresponding temperatures was predicted. The initial oxidation products of the alloys are oxides of Al, Ti, and Nb, with the oxidation order of Al, Ti, and Nb. As P(O2) increases, the Ti and Nb oxidation products move towards a high oxygen content, and the mole fractions of the Al and Ti oxides g

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nyaupane, Parashu R., Marlon Diaz, Ann Barton та Carlos E. Manzanares. "Linear and Nonlinear Thermal Lens Signal of the (Δν = 6) C–H Vibrational Overtone of Naphthalene in Liquid Solutions of n-Hexane". Applied Spectroscopy 73, № 12 (2018): 1380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818761671.

Full text

Abstract:

The thermal lens technique is applied to vibrational overtone spectroscopy of solutions of naphthalene (C10H8) in liquid hexane. The C–H fifth vibrational (Δν = 6) overtone spectrum of C10H8 is detected at room temperature for mole fractions from 0.08 to 19 × 10−6 using n-C6H14 as solvent. By detecting the absorption band in a 19 ppm (parts per million) solution, the peak absorption of the signal is approximately (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10−7 cm−1. A plot of normalized integrated intensity as a function of the mole fraction of naphthalene in solution reveals a dependence of the magnitude of the signal wi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Pandeeswaran, M., John Bincy, D. S. Bhuvaneshwari, and K. P. Elango. "Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of methionine by quinolinium chlorochromate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 2 (2005): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0502145p.

Full text

Abstract:

The oxidation of methionine by quinolinium chlorochromate (QCC) has been studied, in the presence of chloroacetic acid, and in water-acetic acid mixtures of varying mole fractions. The reaction is first order with respect to methionine, QCC and acid. The reaction rates were determined at three different temperatures (25, 35 and 45 ?C) and the activation parameters were computed. The reaction rate increased with increasing mole fraction of acetic acid in the mixture and specific solvent-solvent-solute interactions were found to predominate (81 %). A solvation model and a suitable mechanism for

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Olsen, D. B., J. C. Holden, G. C. Hutcherson, and B. D. Willson. "Formaldehyde Characterization Utilizing In-Cylinder Sampling in a Large Bore Natural Gas Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (2000): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1363601.

Full text

Abstract:

This research addresses the growing need to better understand the mechanisms through which engine-out formaldehyde is formed in two-stroke cycle large bore natural gas engines. The investigation is performed using a number of different in-cylinder sampling techniques implemented on a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF four-cylinder two-stroke cycle large bore natural gas engine with a 36-cm (14-in.) bore and a 36-cm (14-in.) stroke. The development and application of various in-cylinder sampling techniques is described. Three different types of valves are utilized, (1) a large sample valve for extracting

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Chen, H., A. Karion, C. W. Rella, et al. "Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, no. 5 (2012): 6493–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-6493-2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in humid air have been made using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The measurements of CO mole fractions are determined from the strength of its spectral absorption in the near infrared region (∼1.57 μm) after removing interferences from adjacent carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) absorption lines. Water correction functions that account for the dilution and pressure-broadening effects as well as absorption line interferences from adjacent CO2 and H2O lines have been derived for CO2 mole fractions between 360–39

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Fang, S. X., P. P. Tans, M. Steinbacher, L. X. Zhou, and T. Luan. "Comparison of the regional CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction filtering approaches at a WMO/GAW regional station in China." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 12 (2015): 5301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-5301-2015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The identification of atmospheric CO2 observation data which are minimally influenced by very local emissions/removals is essential for trend analysis, for the estimation of regional sources and sinks, and for the modeling of long-range transport of CO2. In this study, four approaches are used to filter the atmospheric CO2 observation records from 2009 to 2011 at one World Meteorological Organization/Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO/GAW) regional station (Lin'an, LAN) in China. The methods are based on the concentration of atmospheric black carbon (BC), on a statistical approach (robust

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Rivera, Abdiel, Anas Mazady, and Mehdi Anwar. "ZnMgO/ZnO Core-Shell Structures for Gas Sensing." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 24, no. 03n04 (2015): 1550010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012915641550010x.

Full text

Abstract:

Co-axial Zn1−xMgxO core, ZnO shell structures were grown using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), with Mg mole fractions of 2, 5 and 10%. The co-axial core shell structure, with the respective Mg concentration is verified using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The response times (ṟise time and fall time) of the devices, after being exposed to methanol, varied with Mg mole fraction at the core, r-0.17s and, f-0.37s & f-0.48s for 2% Mg, r-0.81s and, f-5.98s & f-0.89s for 5% Mg and r-0.33s an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Jin, Zhilin, John L. Brash, and Shiping Zhu. "ATRP grafting of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates from gold surface — Effect of monomer size on grafted chain and EO unit densities." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 5 (2010): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-010.

Full text

Abstract:

Oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) was grafted from Au surface via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (s-ATRP). The initiator density was adjusted by the mole fractions of surface-attachable ATRP initiator and diluting agent. Three OEGMA monomers of Mr 300, 475, and 1100 were used. The Au surfaces before and after modification were characterized by water contact angle and ellipsometry. The effect of monomer Mr and initiator density on surface chain density and EO unit density was investigated. It was found that at low initiator density (mole fraction of initiator o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

A., Thirumoorthi, and P. Elango K. "Solvent hydrogen bonding and structural effects on nucleophilic substitution reactions. Part-7 : Reaction of benzenesulphonyl chloride with substituted benzylamines in acetonitrile/dimethylsulfoxide mixtures." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 87, Jul 2010 (2010): 797–802. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792535.

Full text

Abstract:

Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram-624 302, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail :</em> drkpelango@rediffmail.com <em>Manuscript received 5 May 2009, revised 5 October 2009, accepted 31 December 2009</em> Substitution reactions or eleven <em>para</em>- and <em>meta</em>-substituted benzylamines with benzenesulphonyl chloride in different mole fractions of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in acetonitrile (AcN) have been investigated conductometrically. The second order rate constants round to increase with an increase in the mole fraction of DMSO up to 0.5 mole fraction and beyond

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tans, Pieter P., Andrew M. Crotwell, and Kirk W. Thoning. "Abundances of isotopologues and calibration of CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gas measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 7 (2017): 2669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2669-2017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We have developed a method to calculate the fractional distribution of CO2 across all of its component isotopologues based on measured δ13C and δ18O values. The fractional distribution can be used with known total CO2 to calculate the amount of substance fraction (mole fraction) of each component isotopologue in air individually. The technique is applicable to any molecule where isotopologue-specific values are desired. We used it with a new CO2 calibration system to account for isotopic differences among the primary CO2 standards that define the WMO X2007 CO2-in-air calibration scal

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!