Academic literature on the topic 'Molecular aspects of Vascular endothelium'

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Journal articles on the topic "Molecular aspects of Vascular endothelium"

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Wautier, Jean-Luc, and Marie-Paule Wautier. "Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Blood Cell–Endothelium Interactions in Vascular Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (2020): 5315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155315.

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In physiology and pathophysiology the molecules involved in blood cell–blood cell and blood cell–endothelium interactions have been identified. Platelet aggregation and adhesion to the walls belonging to vessels involve glycoproteins (GP), GP llb and GP llla and the GP Ib–IX–V complex. Red blood cells (RBCs) in normal situations have little interaction with the endothelium. Abnormal adhesion of RBCs was first observed in sickle cell anemia involving vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, α4β1, Lu/BCAM, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-4. More recently RBC adhesion was found to be
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2

Lee, Matthew D., Calum Wilson, Christopher D. Saunter, Charles Kennedy, John M. Girkin, and John G. McCarron. "Spatially structured cell populations process multiple sensory signals in parallel in intact vascular endothelium." Science Signaling 11, no. 561 (2018): eaar4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aar4411.

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Blood flow, blood clotting, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and vascular remodeling are each controlled by a large number of variable, noisy, and interacting chemical inputs to the vascular endothelium. The endothelium processes the entirety of the chemical composition to which the cardiovascular system is exposed, carrying out sophisticated computations that determine physiological output. Processing this enormous quantity of information is a major challenge facing the endothelium. We analyzed the responses of hundreds of endothelial cells to carbachol (CCh) and adenosine triphosphate (A
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Eelen, Guy, Lucas Treps, Xuri Li, and Peter Carmeliet. "Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Angiogenesis Updated." Circulation Research 127, no. 2 (2020): 310–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.316851.

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All organisms growing beyond the oxygen diffusion limit critically depend on a functional vasculature for survival. Yet blood vessels are far more than passive, uniform conduits for oxygen and nutrient supply. A remarkable organotypic heterogeneity is brought about by tissue-specific differentiated endothelial cells (lining the blood vessels’ lumen) and allows blood vessels to deal with organ-specific demands for homeostasis. On the flip side, when blood vessels go awry, they promote life-threatening diseases characterized by endothelial cells inappropriately adopting an angiogenic state (eg,
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4

Kosawada, T., R. Skalak, and G. W. Schmid-Scho¨nbein. "Chained Vesicles in Vascular Endothelial Cells." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 5 (1999): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835075.

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There is extensive ultrastructural evidence in endothelium for the presence of chained vesicles or clusters of attached vesicles, and they are considered to be involved in specific transport mechanisms, such as the formation of trans-endothelial channels. However, few details are known about their mechanical characteristics. In this study, the formation mechanism and mechanical aspects of vascular endothelial chained vesicles are investigated theoretically, based on membrane bending strain energy analysis. The shape of the axisymmetric vesicles was computed on the assumption that the cytoplasm
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Keymel, Stefanie, Malte Kelm, and Petra Kleinbongard. "New functional aspects of the L-arginine-nitric oxide metabolism within the circulating blood." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 98, no. 11 (2007): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-04-0305.

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SummaryNitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule of major importance modulating not only the function of the vascular wall but also that of blood cells, such as platelets and leukocytes. The synthesis of NO in the circulation has been attributed mainly to the vascular endothelium. Red blood cells (RBC) have been demonstrated to carry a non-functional NOS and – due to their huge haemoglobin content – have been assumed to metabolize large quantities of NO. More recently, however, RBC have been identified to reversibly bind, transport, and release NO within the cardiovascular system. We provide e
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6

Waltenberger, Johannes. "VEGF resistance as a molecular basis to explain the angiogenesis paradox in diabetes mellitus." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 6 (2009): 1167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371167.

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The action of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is essential to maintain proper endothelial and vascular function. VEGF stimulates virtually all aspects of endothelial function, namely proliferation, migration, permeability and nitric oxide production and release. In addition, the action of VEGF makes the endothelium anti-apoptotic. In turn, the inhibition of VEGF action is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Likewise, endothelial dysfunction can be found in the presence of several cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia and smoking. As circ
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7

Różycka, Justyna, Edyta Brzóska, and Tomasz Skirecki. "Aspects of pericytes and their potential therapeutic use." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71, no. 1 (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3803.

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Pericytes, which are multi-potential stem cells, co-create the walls of the microvessels: capillaries, terminal arterioles and postcapillary venules. These cells are localized under the basement membrane, tightly encircling the endothelium. The most frequently mentioned molecular markers of pericytes include NG2 (neural-glial antigen 2), β-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRβ), smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA), regulator of G protein signalling 5 (RGS5), the adhesion protein CD146 and nestin. Different functions in physiological processes are assigned to pericytes such as maintain
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8

Roldán, Vanessa, Francisco Marín, Gregory Lip, and Andrew Blann. "Soluble E-selectin in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 90, no. 12 (2003): 1007–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th02-09-0083.

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SummaryThe initial steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involve changes to the vascular endothelium, which produces numerous substances involved in the regulation and maintenance of vascular integrity and the homeostasis of the coagulation/fibrinolysis system. A further change in endothelial physiology is an increase in the surface expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin, which regulate adhesive interactions between certain blood cells and endothelium. As E-selectin is only expressed on activated endothelium, it therefore provides an opportunity to study pathophysiolo
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Chen, Zheng-Wei, Cheng-Hsuan Tsai, Chien-Ting Pan, et al. "Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Aldosteronism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20 (2019): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205214.

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Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands and is the most common and treatable cause of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that participates in the regulation of electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and tissue remodeling. The excess of aldosterone caused by PA results in an increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and even arrhythmia and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is a well-est
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10

Podzolkov, V. I., T. A. Safronova, and Dinara U. Natkina. "The role of asymmetric dimethylarginine in the development of arterial hypertension." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 95, no. 11 (2018): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0023-2149-2017-95-11-965-970.

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The results of numerous studies of recent decades confirm the crucial role of vascular endothelium in regulating vascular homeostasis. A plethora of recent studies have shed light on the clinical significance of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. At present, it is considered as a generally recognized marker of endothelial dysfunction by most researchers. In vitro experiments showed that ADMA inhibits endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation, increases the level of indicators characterizing the
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