Journal articles: 'Molecular biology|Plant pathology|Biochemistry'

1

Wierckx, Nick, Katharina Miebach, Nina Ihling, Kai P. Hussnaetter, Jochen Büchs, and Kerstin Schipper. "Perspectives for the application of Ustilaginaceae as biotech cell factories." Essays in Biochemistry 65, no. 2 (2021): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200141.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Basidiomycetes fungi of the family Ustilaginaceae are mainly known as plant pathogens causing smut disease on crops and grasses. However, they are also natural producers of value-added substances like glycolipids, organic acids, polyols, and harbor secretory enzymes with promising hydrolytic activities. These attributes recently evoked increasing interest in their biotechnological exploitation. The corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis is the best characterized member of the Ustilaginaceae. After decades of research in the fields of genetics and plant pathology, a broad method portfolio and detailed knowledge on its biology and biochemistry are available. As a consequence, U. maydis has developed into a versatile model organism not only for fundamental research but also for applied biotechnology. Novel genetic, synthetic biology, and process development approaches have been implemented to engineer yields and product specificity as well as for the expansion of the repertoire of produced substances. Furthermore, research on U. maydis also substantially promoted the interest in other members of the Ustilaginaceae, for which the available tools can be adapted. Here, we review the latest developments in applied research on Ustilaginaceae towards their establishment as future biotech cell factories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Okada, Y. "Historical overview of research on the tobacco mosaic virus genome: genome organization, infectivity and gene manipulation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1383 (1999): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0408.

Full text

Abstract:

Early in the development of molecular biology, TMV RNA was widely used as a mitochondrial RNA that could be purified easily, and it contributed much to research on protein synthesis. Also, in the early stages of elucidation of the genetic code, artificially produced TMV mutants were widely used and provided the first proof that the genetic code was non–overlapping. In 1982, Goelet et al. determined the complete TMV RNA base sequence of 6395 nucleotides. The four genes (130K, 180K, 30K and coat protein) could then be mapped at precise locations in the TMV genome. Furthermore it had become clear, a little earlier, that genes located internally in the genome were expressed via subgenomic mRNAs. The initiation site for assembly of TMV particles was also determined. However, although TMV contributed so much at the beginning of the development of molecular biology, its influence was replaced by that of Escherichia coli and its phages in the next phase. As recombinant DNA technology developed in the 1980s, RNA virus research became more detached from the frontier of molecular biology. To recover from this setback, a gene–manipulation system was needed for RNA viruses. In 1986, two such systems were developed for TMV, using full–length cDNA clones, by Dawson's group and by Okada's group. Thus, reverse genetics could be used to elucidate the basic functions of all proteins encoded by the TMV genome. Identification of the function of the 30K protein was especially important because it was the first evidence that a plant virus possesses a cell–to–cell movement function. Many other plant viruses have since been found to encode comparable ‘movement proteins’. TMV thus became the first plant virus for which structures and functions were known for all its genes. At the birth of molecular plant pathology, TMV became a leader again. TMV has also played pioneering roles in many other fields. TMV was the first virus for which the amino acid sequence of the coat protein was determined and first virus for which cotranslational disassembly was demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro . It was the first virus for which activation of a resistance gene in a host plant was related to the molecular specificity of a product of a viral gene. Also, in the field of plant biotechnology, TMV vectors are among the most promising. Thus, for the 100 years since Beijerinck's work, TMV research has consistently played a leading role in opening up new areas of study, not only in plant pathology, but also in virology, biochemistry, molecular biology, RNA genetics and biotechnology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Walters, Dale R. "Physiological plant pathology the biochemistry and physiology of plant disease." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 12 (January 1987): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(87)90136-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sowden, Robert G., Samuel J. Watson, and Paul Jarvis. "The role of chloroplasts in plant pathology." Essays in Biochemistry 62, no. 1 (2017): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170020.

Full text

Abstract:

Plants have evolved complex tolerance systems to survive abiotic and biotic stresses. Central to these programmes is a sophisticated conversation of signals between the chloroplast and the nucleus. In this review, we examine the antagonism between abiotic stress tolerance (AST) and immunity: we propose that to generate immunogenic signals, plants must disable AST systems, in particular those that manage reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the pathogen seeks to reactivate or enhance those systems to achieve virulence. By boosting host systems of AST, pathogens trick the plant into suppressing chloroplast immunogenic signals and steer the host into making an inappropriate immune response. Pathogens disrupt chloroplast function, both transcriptionally—by secreting effectors that alter host gene expression by interacting with defence-related kinase cascades, with transcription factors, or with promoters themselves—and post-transcriptionally, by delivering effectors that enter the chloroplast or alter the localization of host proteins to change chloroplast activities. These mechanisms reconfigure the chloroplast proteome and chloroplast-originating immunogenic signals in order to promote infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Harborne, Jeffrey B. "Plant Pathology in Agriculture:." Phytochemistry 30, no. 4 (1991): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95241-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Jones, Jonathan D. G. "Plant Pathology: Resistance crumbles?" Current Biology 4, no. 1 (1994): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00016-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Boyes, Douglas C., John M. McDowell, and Jeffery L. Dangl. "Plant pathology: Many roads lead to resistance." Current Biology 6, no. 6 (1996): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(09)00435-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ellis, Jeff, and Peter Dodds. "Plant Pathology: Monitoring a Pathogen-Targeted Host Protein." Current Biology 13, no. 10 (2003): R400—R402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00321-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jones, Jonathan D. G. "Plant Pathology: Paranoid plants have their genes examined." Current Biology 4, no. 8 (1994): 749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00168-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Cock, Peter J. A., Björn A. Grüning, Konrad Paszkiewicz, and Leighton Pritchard. "Galaxy tools and workflows for sequence analysis with applications in molecular plant pathology." PeerJ 1 (September 17, 2013): e167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.167.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Zhou, Jian-Min. "Plant Pathology: A Life and Death Struggle in Rice Blast Disease." Current Biology 26, no. 18 (2016): R843—R845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Castro-Moretti, Fernanda R., Irene N. Gentzel, David Mackey, and Ana P. Alonso. "Metabolomics as an Emerging Tool for the Study of Plant–Pathogen Interactions." Metabolites 10, no. 2 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10020052.

Full text

Abstract:

Plants defend themselves from most microbial attacks via mechanisms including cell wall fortification, production of antimicrobial compounds, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Successful pathogens overcome these host defenses, as well as obtain nutrients from the host. Perturbations of plant metabolism play a central role in determining the outcome of attempted infections. Metabolomic analyses, for example between healthy, newly infected and diseased or resistant plants, have the potential to reveal perturbations to signaling or output pathways with key roles in determining the outcome of a plant–microbe interaction. However, application of this -omic and its tools in plant pathology studies is lagging relative to genomic and transcriptomic methods. Thus, it is imperative to bring the power of metabolomics to bear on the study of plant resistance/susceptibility. This review discusses metabolomics studies that link changes in primary or specialized metabolism to the defense responses of plants against bacterial, fungal, nematode, and viral pathogens. Also examined are cases where metabolomics unveils virulence mechanisms used by pathogens. Finally, how integrating metabolomics with other -omics can advance plant pathology research is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Herrendorff, Ruben, Maria Teresa Faleschini, Adeline Stiefvater, et al. "Identification of Plant-derived Alkaloids with Therapeutic Potential for Myotonic Dystrophy Type I." Journal of Biological Chemistry 291, no. 33 (2016): 17165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m115.710616.

Full text

Abstract:

Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is a disabling neuromuscular disease with no causal treatment available. This disease is caused by expanded CTG trinucleotide repeats in the 3′ UTR of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene. On the RNA level, expanded (CUG)n repeats form hairpin structures that sequester splicing factors such as muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). Lack of available MBNL1 leads to misregulated alternative splicing of many target pre-mRNAs, leading to the multisystemic symptoms in DM1. Many studies aiming to identify small molecules that target the (CUG)n-MBNL1 complex focused on synthetic molecules. In an effort to identify new small molecules that liberate sequestered MBNL1 from (CUG)n RNA, we focused specifically on small molecules of natural origin. Natural products remain an important source for drugs and play a significant role in providing novel leads and pharmacophores for medicinal chemistry. In a new DM1 mechanism-based biochemical assay, we screened a collection of isolated natural compounds and a library of over 2100 extracts from plants and fungal strains. HPLC-based activity profiling in combination with spectroscopic methods were used to identify the active principles in the extracts. The bioactivity of the identified compounds was investigated in a human cell model and in a mouse model of DM1. We identified several alkaloids, including the β-carboline harmine and the isoquinoline berberine, that ameliorated certain aspects of the DM1 pathology in these models. Alkaloids as a compound class may have potential for drug discovery in other RNA-mediated diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jahn, Tabea, Christopher Clark, Anja Kerksiek, Piotr Lewczuk, Dieter Lütjohann, and Julius Popp. "Cholesterol metabolites and plant sterols in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with Alzheimer’s cerebral pathology and clinical disease progression." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 205 (January 2021): 105785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105785.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Mori, Takashi, Naoki Koyama, Tomotaka Yokoo та ін. "Gallic acid is a dual α/β-secretase modulator that reverses cognitive impairment and remediates pathology in Alzheimer mice". Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, № 48 (2020): 16251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.012330.

Full text

Abstract:

Several plant-derived compounds have demonstrated efficacy in pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) rodent models. Each of these compounds share a gallic acid (GA) moiety, and initial assays on this isolated molecule indicated that it might be responsible for the therapeutic benefits observed. To test this hypothesis in a more physiologically relevant setting, we investigated the effect of GA in the mutant human amyloid β-protein precursor/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic AD mouse model. Beginning at 12 months, we orally administered GA (20 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily for 6 months to APP/PS1 mice that have accelerated Alzheimer-like pathology. At 18 months of age, GA therapy reversed impaired learning and memory as compared with vehicle, and did not alter behavior in nontransgenic littermates. GA-treated APP/PS1 mice had mitigated cerebral amyloidosis, including brain parenchymal and cerebral vascular β-amyloid deposits, and decreased cerebral amyloid β-proteins. Beneficial effects co-occurred with reduced amyloidogenic and elevated nonamyloidogenic APP processing. Furthermore, brain inflammation, gliosis, and oxidative stress were alleviated. We show that GA simultaneously elevates α- and reduces β-secretase activity, inhibits neuroinflammation, and stabilizes brain oxidative stress in a pre-clinical mouse model of AD. We further demonstrate that GA increases abundance of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10, Adam10) proprotein convertase furin and activates ADAM10, directly inhibits β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1, Bace1) activity but does not alter Adam10 or Bace1 transcription. Thus, our data reveal novel post-translational mechanisms for GA. We suggest further examination of GA supplementation in humans will shed light on the exciting therapeutic potential of this molecule.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Dulińska-Litewka, Joanna, Przemysław Hałubiec, Agnieszka Łazarczyk, et al. "Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology—A Review—Part II: Carotenoids in the Human Studies." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020319.

Full text

Abstract:

Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention related to chronic diseases. One organ that has been especially targeted in many of these studies and clinical trials is the human prostate. Without doubt, carotenoids (and their endogenous derivatives—retinoids and apo-carotenoids) are involved in a plethora of intra- and intercellular signaling, cell growth, and differentiation of prostate tissue. Due to the accumulation of new data on the role of different carotenoids, such as lycopene (LYC) and β-carotene (BC), in prostatic physiology and pathology, the present review aimed to cover the past ten years of research in this regard. Data from experimental studies are presented in the first part of the review, while epidemiological studies are disclosed in this second part. The objective of this compilation was to emphasize the present state of knowledge about the most potent molecular targets of carotenoids, as well as to propose promising carotenoid agents for the prevention and possible treatment of prostatic diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Allwood, James William, Alex Williams, Henriette Uthe, et al. "Unravelling Plant Responses to Stress—The Importance of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics." Metabolites 11, no. 8 (2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11080558.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change and an increasing population, present a massive global challenge with respect to environmentally sustainable nutritious food production. Crop yield enhancements, through breeding, are decreasing, whilst agricultural intensification is constrained by emerging, re-emerging, and endemic pests and pathogens, accounting for ~30% of global crop losses, as well as mounting abiotic stress pressures, due to climate change. Metabolomics approaches have previously contributed to our knowledge within the fields of molecular plant pathology and plant–insect interactions. However, these remain incredibly challenging targets, due to the vast diversity in metabolite volatility and polarity, heterogeneous mixtures of pathogen and plant cells, as well as rapid rates of metabolite turn-over. Unravelling the systematic biochemical responses of plants to various individual and combined stresses, involves monitoring signaling compounds, secondary messengers, phytohormones, and defensive and protective chemicals. This demands both targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, as well as a range of enzymatic assays, protein assays, and proteomic and transcriptomic technologies. In this review, we focus upon the technical and biological challenges of measuring the metabolome associated with plant stress. We illustrate the challenges, with relevant examples from bacterial and fungal molecular pathologies, plant–insect interactions, and abiotic and combined stress in the environment. We also discuss future prospects from both the perspective of key innovative metabolomic technologies and their deployment in breeding for stress resistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Balakrishnan, Vijayraja, Jo, Ganesan, Su-Kim, and Choi. "Medicinal Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Murraya koenigii and its Primary Bioactive Compounds." Antioxidants 9, no. 2 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020101.

Full text

Abstract:

The discovery of several revitalizing molecules that can stop or reduce the pathology of a wide range of diseases will be considered a major breakthrough of the present time. Available synthetic compounds may provoke side effects and health issues, which heightens the need for molecules from plants and other natural resources under discovery as potential methods of replacing synthetic compounds. In traditional medicinal therapies, several plant extracts and phytochemicals have been reported to impart remedial effects as better alternatives. Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) belongs to the Rutaceae family, which is commonly used as a medicinally important herb of Indian origin in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Previous reports have demonstrated that the leaves, roots, and bark of this plant are rich sources of carbazole alkaloids, which produce potent biological activities and pharmacological effects. These include antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. The present review provides insight into the major components of M. koenigii and their pharmacological activities against different pathological conditions. The review also emphasizes the need for more research on the molecular basis of such activity in various cellular and animal models to validate the efficacy of M. koenigii and its derivatives as potent therapeutic agents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Dulińska-Litewka, Joanna, Yoav Sharoni, Przemysław Hałubiec, et al. "Recent Progress in Discovering the Role of Carotenoids and Their Metabolites in Prostatic Physiology and Pathology with a Focus on Prostate Cancer—A Review—Part I: Molecular Mechanisms of Carotenoid Action." Antioxidants 10, no. 4 (2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040585.

Full text

Abstract:

Among the vast variety of plant-derived phytochemicals, the group of carotenoids has continuously been investigated in order to optimize their potential application in the area of dietary intervention and medicine. One organ which has been especially targeted in many of these studies and clinical trials is the human prostate. Without doubt, carotenoids (and their endogenous derivatives—retinoids and other apo-carotenoids) are involved in intra- and intercellular signaling, cell growth and differentiation of prostate tissue. Due to the accumulation of new data on the role of different carotenoids such as lycopene (LC) and β-carotene (BC) in prostatic physiology and pathology, the present review aims to cover the past ten years of research in this area. Data from experimental studies are presented in the first part of the review, while epidemiological studies are disclosed and discussed in the second part. The objective of this compilation is to emphasize the present state of knowledge regarding the most potent molecular targets of carotenoids and their main metabolites, as well as to propose promising carotenoid agents for the prevention and treatment of prostatic diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bastian, Frank O., Philip H. Elzer, and Xiaochu Wu. "Spiroplasma spp. biofilm formation is instrumental for their role in the pathogenesis of plant, insect and animal diseases." Experimental and Molecular Pathology 93, no. 1 (2012): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.04.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Shah, D. A., P. A. Paul, E. D. De Wolf, and L. V. Madden. "Predicting plant disease epidemics from functionally represented weather series." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1775 (2019): 20180273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0273.

Full text

Abstract:

Epidemics are often triggered by specific weather patterns favouring the pathogen on susceptible hosts. For plant diseases, models predicting epidemics have therefore often emphasized the identification of early season weather patterns that are correlated with a disease outcome at some later point. Toward that end, window-pane analysis is an exhaustive search algorithm traditionally used in plant pathology for mining correlations in a weather series with respect to a disease endpoint. Here we show, with reference to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, that a functional approach is a more principled analytical method for understanding the relationship between disease epidemics and environmental conditions over an extended time series. We used scalar-on-function regression to model a binary outcome (FHB epidemic or non-epidemic) relative to weather time series spanning 140 days relative to flowering (when FHB infection primarily occurs). The functional models overall fit the data better than previously described standard logistic regression (lr) models. Periods much earlier than heretofore realized were associated with FHB epidemics. The findings were used to create novel weather summary variables which, when incorporated into lr models, yielded a new set of models that performed as well as existing lr models for real-time predictions of disease risk. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Lian, Qinggui, Yanan Meng, Xinbei Zhao, et al. "ShNPSN11, a vesicle-transport-related gene, confers disease resistance in tomato to Oidium neolycopersici." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 19 (2020): 3851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20190776.

Full text

Abstract:

Tomato powdery mildew, caused by Oidium neolycopersici, is a fungal disease that results in severe yield loss in infected plants. Herein, we describe the function of a class of proteins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), which play a role in vesicle transport during defense signaling. To date, there have been no reports describing the function of tomato SNAREs during resistance signaling to powdery mildew. Using a combination of classical plant pathology-, genetics-, and cell biology-based approaches, we evaluate the role of ShNPSN11 in resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen O. neolycopersici. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of tomato SNAREs revealed that ShNPSN11 mRNA accumulation in disease-resistant varieties was significantly increased following pathogen, compared with susceptible varieties, suggesting a role during induced defense signaling. Using in planta subcellular localization, we demonstrate that ShNPSN11 was primarily localized at the plasma membrane, consistent with the localization of SNARE proteins and their role in defense signaling and trafficking. Silencing of ShNPSN11 resulted in increased susceptibility to O. neolycopersici, with pathogen-induced levels of H2O2 and cell death elicitation in ShNPSN11-silenced lines showing a marked reduction. Transient expression of ShNPSN11 did not result in the induction of a hypersensitive cell death response or suppress cell death induced by BAX. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ShNPSNl11 plays an important role in defense activation and host resistance to O. neolycopersici in tomato LA1777.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Armand, Ella Fils, Manjula Shantaram, Njayou Frédéric Nico, Fewou Ngamli Simon, and Moundipa Fewou Paul. "Potential of medicinal plant compounds to targeting Tau protein in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease– A review." Biomedicine 39, no. 2 (2020): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v39i2.184.

Full text

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastative neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology. AD is characterized by blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, neuro- inflammation, hypo-metabolism; it decreases in acetylcholine levels and a reduction of cerebral blood flow. It is also not solely the end-product of aberrantly processed, misfolded, and aggregated oligomeric amyloid- beta peptides but hyper phosphorylated Tau (tubulin binding protein) which formed senile plaque and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles respectively. However, despite the long-term and worldwide effort for a more effective therapy, the only available treatment is a symptomatic use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. Then, many researchers focused their attention to modulate amyloid-beta peptides. These therapeutic approaches as well as those based on cholinergic or amyloid theory have not brought the desired benefits yet. Thus, the main features related with the Tau pathology found in AD are Tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Based on the biochemically diverse range of pathological Tau protein, a number of approaches have been proposed to develop new potential therapeutics like inhibition of Tau phosphorylation, proteolysis and aggregation; promotion of intra- and extracellular Tau clearance and stabilization of microtubules (MTs). Medicinal plants have been used in different systems of medicine and exhibited their powerful roles in the management and cure of memory disorders. This review paper discusses the potential of medicinal plant molecules to targeting Tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease therapy. 

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Derevnina, Lida, Benjamin Petre, Ronny Kellner, et al. "Emerging oomycete threats to plants and animals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1709 (2016): 20150459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0459.

Full text

Abstract:

Oomycetes, or water moulds, are fungal-like organisms phylogenetically related to algae. They cause devastating diseases in both plants and animals. Here, we describe seven oomycete species that are emerging or re-emerging threats to agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture and natural ecosystems. They include the plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans , Phytophthora palmivora , Phytophthora ramorum , Plasmopara obducens , and the animal pathogens Aphanomyces invadans , Saprolegnia parasitica and Halioticida noduliformans . For each species, we describe its pathology, importance and impact, discuss why it is an emerging threat and briefly review current research activities. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bentley, Joanna K., Zoe Veneti, Joseph Heraty, and Gregory DD Hurst. "The pathology of embryo death caused by the male-killing Spiroplasma bacterium in Drosophila nebulosa." BMC Biology 5, no. 1 (2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-5-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Saad, Mohd Faiz Mat, Aziz Ramlee Sau, Muhamad Afiq Akbar, et al. "Construction of Infectious Clones of Begomoviruses: Strategies, Techniques and Applications." Biology 10, no. 7 (2021): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070604.

Full text

Abstract:

Begomovirus has become a potential threat to the agriculture sector. It causes significant losses to several economically important crops. Given this considerable loss, the development of tools to study viral genomes and function is needed. Infectious clones approaches and applications have allowed the direct exploitation of virus genomes. Infectious clones of DNA viruses are the critical instrument for functional characterization of the notable and newly discovered virus. Understanding of structure and composition of viruses has contributed to the evolution of molecular plant pathology. Therefore, this review provides extensive guidelines on the strategy to construct infectious clones of Begomovirus. Also, this technique’s impacts and benefits in controlling and understanding the Begomovirus infection will be discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Nunn, Alistair, Geoffrey Guy, and Jimmy D. Bell. "Endocannabinoids in neuroendopsychology: multiphasic control of mitochondrial function." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1607 (2012): 3342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0393.

Full text

Abstract:

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a construct based on the discovery of receptors that are modulated by the plant compound tetrahydrocannabinol and the subsequent identification of a family of nascent ligands, the ‘endocannabinoids’. The function of the ECS is thus defined by modulation of these receptors—in particular, by two of the best-described ligands (2-arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide), and by their metabolic pathways. Endocannabinoids are released by cell stress, and promote both cell survival and death according to concentration. The ECS appears to shift the immune system towards a type 2 response, while maintaining a positive energy balance and reducing anxiety. It may therefore be important in resolution of injury and inflammation. Data suggest that the ECS could potentially modulate mitochondrial function by several different pathways; this may help explain its actions in the central nervous system. Dose-related control of mitochondrial function could therefore provide an insight into its role in health and disease, and why it might have its own pathology, and possibly, new therapeutic directions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Chabirand, Aude, Marianne Loiseau, Isabelle Renaudin, and Françoise Poliakoff. "Data processing of qualitative results from an interlaboratory comparison for the detection of “Flavescence dorée” phytoplasma: How the use of statistics can improve the reliability of the method validation process in plant pathology." PLOS ONE 12, no. 4 (2017): e0175247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175247.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Parmar, Tanu, Joseph T. Ortega, and Beata Jastrzebska. "Retinoid analogs and polyphenols as potential therapeutics for age-related macular degeneration." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 17 (2020): 1615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220926938.

Full text

Abstract:

Progressive retinal degeneration manifesting as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the elderly affects millions of individuals worldwide. Among various blinding diseases, AMD is the leading cause of central vision impairment in developed countries. Poor understanding of AMD etiology hampers the development of therapeutics against this devastating ocular disease. Currently, daily intravitreal injections of anti-angiogenic drugs, preventing abnormal vessel growth are the only treatment option for wet AMD. However, for dry AMD associated with retinal atrophy, at present there is no cure available. Recent clinical research has demonstrated beneficial effects of plant-derived compounds for various eye disorders. Thus, the ongoing efforts toward discovering efficient treatments preventing or delaying AMD progression focus on implementing a healthy diet rich in vitamins, including vitamin A, E, and C, minerals and carotenoids, in particular lutein and zeaxanthin, to reduce the disease burden. In addition, studies in cell culture and animal models indicated therapeutic potential of dietary polyphenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables. These natural compounds protect visual function and retinal morphology likely due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although understanding of the exact mechanism of these compounds’ positive effects requires further investigation, they provide non-invasive alternative to battle AMD-like condition. Additionally, studies carried in animal models mimicking AMD-like pathology, examining the pharmacological potential of particular retinoid analogs, demonstrated promising results for their use, and thus they should be considered as an option in developing therapies for AMD. In here, we summarize the most current knowledge regarding developments of therapeutic options to maintain ocular health and prevent vision loss associated with aging. Impact statement Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating retinal degenerative disease. Epidemiological reports showed an expected increasing prevalence of AMD in the near future. The only one existing FDA-approved pharmacological treatment involves an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy with serious disadvantages. This limitation emphasizes an alarming need to develop new therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat AMD. In this review, we summarize scientific data unraveling the therapeutic potential of the specific retinoid and natural compounds. The experimental results reported by us and other research groups demonstrated that retinoid analogs and compounds with natural product scaffolds could serve as lead compounds for the development of new therapeutic agents with potential to prevent or slow down the pathogenesis of AMD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Teo, Yi Juan, See Liang Ng, Keng Wai Mak, et al. "Renal CD169++ resident macrophages are crucial for protection against acute systemic candidiasis." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 5 (2021): e202000890. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000890.

Full text

Abstract:

Disseminated candidiasis remains as the most common hospital-acquired bloodstream fungal infection with up to 40% mortality rate despite the advancement of medical and hygienic practices. While it is well established that this infection heavily relies on the innate immune response for host survival, much less is known for the protective role elicited by the tissue-resident macrophage (TRM) subsets in the kidney, the prime organ for Candida persistence. Here, we describe a unique CD169++ TRM subset that controls Candida growth and inflammation during acute systemic candidiasis. Their absence causes severe fungal-mediated renal pathology. CD169++ TRMs, without being actively involved in direct fungal clearance, increase host resistance by promoting IFN-γ release and neutrophil ROS activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Elliott, Jayne L., Ming Der Perng, Alan R. Prescott, Karin A. Jansen, Gijsje H. Koenderink та Roy A. Quinlan. "The specificity of the interaction between α B-crystallin and desmin filaments and its impact on filament aggregation and cell viability". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, № 1617 (2013): 20120375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0375.

Full text

Abstract:

CRYAB ( α B-crystallin) is expressed in many tissues and yet the R120G mutation in CRYAB causes tissue-specific pathologies, namely cardiomyopathy and cataract. Here, we present evidence to demonstrate that there is a specific functional interaction of CRYAB with desmin intermediate filaments that predisposes myocytes to disease caused by the R120G mutation. We use a variety of biochemical and biophysical techniques to show that plant, animal and ascidian small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) can interact with intermediate filaments. Nevertheless, the mutation R120G in CRYAB does specifically change that interaction when compared with equivalent substitutions in HSP27 (R140G) and into the Caenorhabditis elegans HSP16.2 (R95G). By transient transfection, we show that R120G CRYAB specifically promotes intermediate filament aggregation in MCF7 cells. The transient transfection of R120G CRYAB alone has no significant effect upon cell viability, although bundling of the endogenous intermediate filament network occurs and the mitochondria are concentrated into the perinuclear region. The combination of R120G CRYAB co-transfected with wild-type desmin, however, causes a significant reduction in cell viability. Therefore, we suggest that while there is an innate ability of sHSPs to interact with and to bind to intermediate filaments, it is the specific combination of desmin and CRYAB that compromises cell viability and this is potentially the key to the muscle pathology caused by the R120G CRYAB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Bonekamp, Nina A., Min Jiang, Elisa Motori, et al. "High levels of TFAM repress mammalian mitochondrial DNA transcription in vivo." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 11 (2021): e202101034. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202101034.

Full text

Abstract:

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is compacting mitochondrial DNA (dmtDNA) into nucleoids and directly controls mtDNA copy number. Here, we show that the TFAM-to-mtDNA ratio is critical for maintaining normal mtDNA expression in different mouse tissues. Moderately increased TFAM protein levels increase mtDNA copy number but a normal TFAM-to-mtDNA ratio is maintained resulting in unaltered mtDNA expression and normal whole animal metabolism. Mice ubiquitously expressing very high TFAM levels develop pathology leading to deficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and early postnatal lethality. The TFAM-to-mtDNA ratio varies widely between tissues in these mice and is very high in skeletal muscle leading to strong repression of mtDNA expression and OXPHOS deficiency. In the heart, increased mtDNA copy number results in a near normal TFAM-to-mtDNA ratio and maintained OXPHOS capacity. In liver, induction of LONP1 protease and mitochondrial RNA polymerase expression counteracts the silencing effect of high TFAM levels. TFAM thus acts as a general repressor of mtDNA expression and this effect can be counterbalanced by tissue-specific expression of regulatory factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

McFarland, Karen N., Carolina Ceballos, Awilda Rosario та ін. "Microglia show differential transcriptomic response to Aβ peptide aggregates ex vivo and in vivo". Life Science Alliance 4, № 7 (2021): e202101108. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202101108.

Full text

Abstract:

Aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a defining feature of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. To study microglial responses to Aβ, we applied exogenous Aβ peptide, in either oligomeric or fibrillar conformation, to primary mouse microglial cultures and evaluated system-level transcriptional changes and then compared these with transcriptomic changes in the brains of CRND8 APP mice. We find that primary microglial cultures have rapid and massive transcriptional change in response to Aβ. Transcriptomic responses to oligomeric or fibrillar Aβ in primary microglia, although partially overlapping, are distinct and are not recapitulated in vivo where Aβ progressively accumulates. Furthermore, although classic immune mediators show massive transcriptional changes in the primary microglial cultures, these changes are not observed in the mouse model. Together, these data extend previous studies which demonstrate that microglia responses ex vivo are poor proxies for in vivo responses. Finally, these data demonstrate the potential utility of using microglia as biosensors of different aggregate conformation, as the transcriptional responses to oligomeric and fibrillar Aβ can be distinguished.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Davidson, Cristin D., Alana L. Gibson, Tansy Gu, et al. "Improved systemic AAV gene therapy with a neurotrophic capsid in Niemann–Pick disease type C1 mice." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 10 (2021): e202101040. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202101040.

Full text

Abstract:

Niemann–Pick C1 disease (NPC1) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in NPC1, which encodes the lysosomal cholesterol transport protein NPC1. Disease pathology involves lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and lipids, leading to neurological and visceral complications. Targeting the central nervous system (CNS) from systemic circulation complicates treatment of neurological diseases with gene transfer techniques. Selected and engineered capsids, for example, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.B facilitate peripheral-to-CNS transfer and hence greater CNS transduction than parental predecessors. We report that systemic delivery to Npc1m1N/m1N mice using an AAV-PHP.B vector ubiquitously expressing NPC1 led to greater disease amelioration than an otherwise identical AAV9 vector. In addition, viral copy number and biodistribution of GFP-expressing reporters showed that AAV-PHP.B achieved more efficient, albeit variable, CNS transduction than AAV9 in Npc1m1N/m1N mice. This variability was associated with segregation of two alleles of the putative AAV-PHP.B receptor Ly6a in Npc1m1N/m1N mice. Our data suggest that robust improvements in NPC1 disease phenotypes occur even with modest CNS transduction and that improved neurotrophic capsids have the potential for superior NPC1 AAV gene therapy vectors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Pal, Arun, Benedikt Kretner, Masin Abo-Rady, et al. "Concomitant gain and loss of function pathomechanisms in C9ORF72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 4 (2021): e202000764. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000764.

Full text

Abstract:

Intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HREs) in C9ORF72 are the most frequent genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a devastating, incurable motoneuron (MN) disease. The mechanism by which HREs trigger pathogenesis remains elusive. The discovery of repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation of dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) from HREs along with reduced exonic C9ORF72 expression suggests gain of toxic functions (GOFs) through DPRs versus loss of C9ORF72 functions (LOFs). Through multiparametric high-content (HC) live profiling in spinal MNs from induced pluripotent stem cells and comparison to mutant FUS and TDP43, we show that HRE C9ORF72 caused a distinct, later spatiotemporal appearance of mainly proximal axonal organelle motility deficits concomitant to augmented DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), RNA foci, DPRs, and apoptosis. We show that both GOFs and LOFs were necessary to yield the overall C9ORF72 pathology. Increased RNA foci and DPRs concurred with onset of axon trafficking defects, DSBs, and cell death, although DSB induction itself did not phenocopy C9ORF72 mutants. Interestingly, the majority of LOF-specific DEGs were shared with HRE-mediated GOF DEGs. Finally, C9ORF72 LOF was sufficient—albeit to a smaller extent—to induce premature distal axonal trafficking deficits and increased DSBs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Wattanathorn, Jintanaporn, Panakaporn Wannanon, Supaporn Muchimapura, Wipawee Thukham-Mee, Terdthai Tong-Un, and Pontapan Polyiam. "Toxicity Evaluation ofAnacardium occidentale, the Potential Aphrodisiac Herb." BioMed Research International 2019 (February 21, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1459141.

Full text

Abstract:

Anacardium occidentaleL. leaf demonstrates sexual enhancement effect. Therefore, it can be used as the potential supplement and functional ingredient. However, the ethanolic leaf extract of this plant is a modified form of traditional application and the toxicity evaluation is required. To assess cytotoxicity of the extract, RAW 264.7 cells were treated withA. occidentaleleaf extract in the concentration range between 0.625 and 10 mg/mL. Our results showed that the extract showed more than 90% cell viability at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL after 24-hour exposure. To assure the consumption safety, the acute and subchronic toxicity must be studied. Acute toxicity showed that the extract is safe even at the highest dose of 2 g/kg in both sexes of Wistar rats. No changes in behavior, physiology, gross pathology, and histology were observed. To determine the subchronic toxicity of extract, both sexes of Wistar rats were orally given the extract at doses of 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg once daily for 90 days. No changes in body weight, food, and water intake, motor coordination, behavior, and mental alertness were observed. The significant reduction of white blood cell, platelet, and cholesterol together with increase in MCHC was observed in male rats. The reductions of white blood cell and platelet together with the elevations of hemoglobin and hematocrit were also observed in female rats. However, all changes were in normal range. The current results revealed that an ethanolic extract ofA. occidentaleleaf was well tolerated via oral consumption up to dose of 500 mg/kg BW for 90 days and did not produce any toxicity. Ourin vitrocytotoxicity test also confirmed this safety.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Bailey, Christyn, Aurélie Rubin, Nicole Strepparava, Helmut Segner, Jean-François Rubin, and Thomas Wahli. "Do fish get wasted? Assessing the influence of effluents on parasitic infection of wild fish." PeerJ 6 (November 13, 2018): e5956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5956.

Full text

Abstract:

Many ecosystems are influenced simultaneously by multiple stressors. One important environmental stressor is aquatic pollution via wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. WWTP effluents may contribute to eutrophication or contain anthropogenic contaminants that directly and/or indirectly influence aquatic wildlife. Both eutrophication and exposure to anthropogenic contaminants may affect the dynamics of fish-parasite systems. With this in mind, we studied the impact of WWTP effluents on infection of brown trout by the parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD). PKD is associated with the long-term decline of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in Switzerland. We investigated PKD infection of brown trout at two adjacent sites (≈400 m apart) of a Swiss river. The sites are similar in terms of ecology except that one site receives WWTP effluents. We evaluated the hypothesis that fish inhabiting the effluent site will show greater susceptibility to PKD in terms of prevalence and disease outcome. We assessed susceptibility by (i) infection prevalence, (ii) parasite intensity, (iii) host health in terms of pathology, and (iv) estimated apparent survival rate. At different time points during the study, significant differences between sites concerning all measured parameters were found, thus providing evidence of the influence of effluents on parasitic infection of fish in our study system. However, from these findings we cannot determine if the effluent has a direct influence on the fish host via altering its ability to manage the parasite, or indirectly on the parasite or the invertebrate host via increasing bryozoa (the invertebrate host) reproduction. On a final note, the WWTP adhered to all national guidelines and the effluent only resulted in a minor water quality reduction assessed via standardized methods in this study. Thus, we provide evidence that even a subtle decrease in water quality, resulting in small-scale pollution can have consequences for wildlife.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Berio, Agostino, Giacomo Garlaschi, Giuseppe Mangiante, Gian Luigi Mariottini, and Attilia Piazzi. "Chiari I malformation, syringomyelia and papilledema: a malformative complex connected to oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum." Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 92, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2019.8001.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors discuss the association of papilledema with Chiari I malformation (CMI) and syringomyelia on the basis of a clinical case studied by radiology, immunology and biochemistry methods. In the presence of normal haematology, blood immunology and biochemistry, clinical signs of headache and papilledema associated to hemifacial asymmetry, blind neck fistulas, malformed ears and spinal abnormalities (symptoms of oculo-auricolo- vertebral spectrum - OAVS), were observed. Magnetic resonance images and computed tomography demonstrated the occurrence of lowered cerebellar tonsils, but with values lower than those typical of the CMI syndrome and syringomyelia. The authors concluded for a minor form (benign ectopia) in the CMI syndrome, associated to papilledema and syringomyelia, and hypothesize an unique pathogenetic mechanism for this complex, connected to neural crest cell development and to OAVS, as extension of this spectrum. The authors underline the relevance of the facial/neck lateral signs for the diagnosis of OAVS associated to brain stem pathology and CMI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Valdevit, S., M. Rutigliani, F. Boccardo, C. Campisi, and E. Fulcheri. "Extracellular matrix between normality and pathology: techniques and methodologies." Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 81, no. 1 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2006.8082.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Sankar, Srinivasagam, Thamilarasan Manivasagam, Arumugam Krishnamurti, and Manickam Ramanathan. "The neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract in MPTP-intoxicated mice: An analysis of behavioral and biochemical varibles." Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11658-007-0015-0.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe studied the influence of Withania somnifera (Ws) root extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; i.p, 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days), via the analysis of behavioral features and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the midbrain of mice. A significant alteration in behavior, increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were noticed in this region of brain in MPTP-treated mice. Oral treatment with the root extract resulted in a significant improvement in the mice’s behavoiur and antioxidant status, along with a significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that at least part of the chronic stress-induced pathology may be due to oxidative stress, which is mitigated by Ws. Further studies are needed to assess the precise mechanism to support the clinical use of the plant as an antiparkinsonic drug.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gaeth, Victoria A., Christina J. Domondon, Paul A. Podbielski, et al. "Whole-Genome Sequencing and Annotation of 10 Endophytic and Epiphytic Bacteria Isolated from Lolium arundinaceum." Microbiology Resource Announcements 10, no. 19 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mra.00317-21.

Full text

Abstract:

We report the whole-genome sequence and annotation of 10 endophytic and epiphytic bacteria isolated from the grass Lolium arundinaceum as part of a laboratory exercise in a Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Pathology undergraduate course (BIOL403) at the Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ayachit, Garima, Inayatullah Shaikh, Himanshu Pandya, and Jayashankar Das. "Salient Features, data and algorithms for microRNA screening from plants: A review on the gains and pitfalls of machine learning techniques." Current Bioinformatics 15 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574893615999200601121756.

Full text

Abstract:

: The era of Big Data and high-throughput genomic technology has enabled scientists to have a clear view of plant genomic profiles. However, it has also led to a massive need of computational tools and strategies to interpret this data. In this scenario of huge data inflow, machine learning (ML) approaches are emerging to be the most promising for analysing heterogeneous and unstructured biological datasets. Extending its application to healthcare and agriculture, ML approaches are being useful for microRNA (miRNA) screening as well. Identification of miRNAs is a crucial step towards understanding post-transcriptional gene regulation and miRNA-related pathology. The use of ML tools is becoming indispensable in analysing such data and identifying species-specific, non-conserved miRNA. However, these techniques have their own benefits and lacunas. In this review, we discuss the current scenario and pitfalls of ML based tools for plant miRNA identification and provide some insights into the important features, the need for deep learning models and direction in which studies are needed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Eldafira, Eldafira, Abinawanto Abinawanto, Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi та ін. "Comparative study of estrogen receptor α, β mRNA expressions of endometriosis and normal endometrium in women and analysis of potential synthetic anti-estrogens in silico". Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 91, № 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2018.7550.

Full text

Abstract:

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease in which genetic and environmental factors interact causing its pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) in endometriosis patients compared to normal endometrioum (n=18) as a control by using Quantitative Real Time PCR method. Moreover, we also measured serum estradiol levels of endometriosis patients in the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The mRNA expression of ERβ was significantly higher in the endometriosis group compared to control, and the result of t-test showed that were significantly different (P<0.05). Overexpression of ERβ in endometriosis was likely to have other significant important impacts in the pathology of endometriosis that allowed ERβ to stimulate prostaglandin production in endometriosis tissue and cells. Estradiol content did not correlate with the ERα expression, and it is weakly correlated with ERβ mRNA expression. Molecular docking analysis showed that ERα and ERβ have different binding interactions with synthetic antiestrogens, whereas the best inhibitor was Ral2 to ERα and Aco1 to ERβ. Thus, both inhibitors could be used as leads in further investigation of ERα, ERβ inhibitory activities in vitro and in vivo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Katrii, Tetiana, Nataliia Raksha, Tetiana Halenova, et al. "Effects of IgG from the serum of ischemic stroke patients on hemostasis." Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 94, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jbr.2021.9582.

Full text

Abstract:

Ischemic stroke is among the top diseases leading to mortality and disability in the world. The detailed investigation of the mechanisms underlying this pathology and especially mediating the tendency to relapse during the first year after stroke incident undoubtedly belongs to important tasks of modern medicine and biology. The current study aims to analyze the influence of IgG derived from the blood serum of ischemic stroke patients on some hemostasis factors. In total, 123 participants with IS, 62 with atherothrombotic ischemic stroke, 61 with cardioembolic ischemic stroke, and 57 subjects as control have been examined. The same patients have participated in the research a year after stroke. IgG from serum was isolated by affinity chromatography on protein A Sepharose column. The activity of key hemostasis factors under the influence of IgG was analyzed. Obtained results revealed that IgG of stroke patients but not healthy subjects caused the inhibition of the amidolytic activity of endogenously generated thrombin, protein C, factor Xa, and led to an increase in the degree of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The reduction of clotting time in the test "Thrombin time" by IgG of patients at the acute phase of disease was also observed; IgG of healthy subjects mediated the opposite effect. In contrast to acute ischemic stroke IgG, IgG of patients one year after both atherothrombotic and cardioembolic ischemic stroke influenced only the activity of endogenously generated thrombin and factor Xa resulting in inhibition of their activities. It was also established that IgG of ischemic stroke patients, as well as healthy subjects, stimulated the secretion of tissue plasminogen activator by endotheliocytes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

"The Phytochemical Society of Europe The Phytochemical Society of Europe (PSE) was founded in 1957. Its aim is to promote the understanding of plant constituents in respect of their chemistry, function, biosynthesis, and effects on the physiology and pathology of living organisms. A further objective is the application of such knowledge in agriculture and industry. Details of the PSE are given at:." Phytochemistry 65, no. 5 (2004): I—II. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(04)00053-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Cryan, Paul M., Carol Uphoff Meteyer, Justin G. Boyles, and David S. Blehert. "Wing pathology of white-nose syndrome in bats suggests life-threatening disruption of physiology." BMC Biology 8, no. 1 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-8-135.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Dzierzęcka, Małgorzata, Halina Purzyc, Anna Charuta, et al. "Evaluation of distal phalanx formation and association with front hoof conformation in coldblooded horses." Biologia 71, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0037.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThere is not much data on the pathology of the hoof and of the distal phalanx in coldblooded horses (CH). In the present study we analysed the prevalence of certain abnormalities in hoof geometry and changes in the architecture and location of the distal phalanx related to those abnormalities in a randomly selected population of coldblooded horses. The study material comprised autopodium parts of forelimbs in CH from private animal farms (

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Yamchuen, Panit, Rattima Jeenapongsa, Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi, and Nanteetip Limpeanchob. "Low density lipoprotein increases amyloid precursor protein processing to amyloidogenic pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells." Biologia 72, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2017-0024.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractHypercholesterolemia has been considered as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition to low density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL plays some roles in AD pathology. Neurodegenerative effect of oxidized LDL was supported by the increased oxidative stress in neurons. To further investigate the role of oxidized LDL, the present study aimed to test its effect on amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. The release of soluble APP (sAPP) was evaluated in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to native (non-oxidized) or oxidized human LDL including mildly and fully oxidized LDL (mox- and fox-LDL). Non-amyloidogenic and amyloidogenic pathways were investigated using specific antibody against sAPP

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Solé, Marta, Marc Lenoir, Mercè Durfort, et al. "Seagrass Posidonia is impaired by human-generated noise." Communications Biology 4, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02165-3.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe last hundred years have seen the introduction of many sources of artificial noise in the sea environment which have shown to negatively affect marine organisms. Little attention has been devoted to how much this noise could affect sessile organisms. Here, we report morphological and ultrastructural changes in seagrass, after exposure to sounds in a controlled environment. These results are new to aquatic plants pathology. Low-frequency sounds produced alterations in Posidonia oceanica root and rhizome statocysts, which sense gravity and process sound vibration. Nutritional processes of the plant were affected as well: we observed a decrease in the number of rhizome starch grains, which have a vital role in energy storage, as well as a degradation in the specific fungal symbionts of P. oceanica roots. This sensitivity to artificial sounds revealed how sound can potentially affect the health status of P. oceanica. Moreover, these findings address the question of how much the increase of ocean noise pollution may contribute in the future to the depletion of seagrass populations and to biodiversity loss.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Ghahghaei, Arezou, та Monavar Neyestani. "Comparison of the chaperon activity of glycerol and α-casein on amyloid formation of κ-casein in the presence of glycine and arginine". Biologia 68, № 5 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0238-7.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAmyloids are insoluble fibers which arise from inappropriately folded versions of proteins and have been associated with the pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases. α-Casein is one of the major components of the casein family which is known to show chaperone-like activity. Glycerol is a polyol compound which acts as a chemical chaperone to increase protein stability and inhibit protein aggregation. In this study, the effect of arginine and glycine on the chaperone ability of α-casein and glycerol against order aggregation of κ-casein was investigated and compared. We found that these additives reduced the chaperone ability of α-casein against the amyloid formation of κ-casein, especially in the presence of arginine. Importantly, our results show that the chaperone action of glycerol is enhanced in the presence of both arginine and glycine. Accordingly, our results suggest that these small molecules associated with glycerol, especially glycine, should be considered as a mechanism for the treatment of amyloid disease.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Molecular biology|Plant pathology|Biochemistry'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles