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Books on the topic 'Molecular cages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

N, Tiwari S., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study of multi-dimensional radiative energy transfer in molecular cases. Institute for COmputational and Applied Mechanics, Old Dominion University, 1993.

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2

N, Tiwari S., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study of multi-dimensional radiative energy transfer in molecular cases. Institute for COmputational and Applied Mechanics, Old Dominion University, 1993.

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3

N, Tiwari S., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study of multi-dimensional radiative energy transfer in molecular cases. Institute for COmputational and Applied Mechanics, Old Dominion University, 1993.

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4

Eula, Bingham, ed. Public health aspects of criminal prosecution of workplace-related deaths, injury, and disease. Princeton Scientific, 1994.

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5

Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. Basic concepts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0001.

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The electronic structure of molecules is described, starting from qualitative Molecular Orbital (MO) theory. After the case of simple atoms and molecules, one treats molecular solids and develops the relation between Molecular Orbital theory and band theory. In both cases, one shows that the electronic structure can influence the geometrical structure, through Jahn–Teller effects or Peierls distortion. The effect of interelectronic repulsion, the central problem of Quantum Chemistry, is put in perspective by a synthetic presentation of different approaches: Hartree–Fock Self-Consistent Field w

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6

Emsley, John. Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Cases. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2015.

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7

Molecules of murder: Criminal molecules and classic cases. RSC Pub., 2008.

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8

Emsley, John. Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Cases. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2023.

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9

Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Cases. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2015.

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10

Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The localized electron: magnetic properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0002.

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After preliminaries about electron properties, and definitions in magnetism, one treats the magnetism of mononuclear complexes, in particular spin cross-over, showing the role of cooperativity and the sensitivity to external perturbations. Orbital interactions and exchange interaction are explained in binuclear model systems, using orbital overlap and orthogonality concepts to explain antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling. The phenomenologically useful Spin Hamiltonian is defined. The concepts are then applied to extended molecular magnetic systems, leading to molecular magnetic material

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11

Connor, Thomas, and Patrick H. Maxwell. Molecular basis of renal tumour syndromes. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0328.

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Kidney cancer is among the most common adult malignancy. It accounts for over 3% of all new cases of cancer diagnosed in men and around 2% of all cancers in women in the United Kingdom. In the United States, 1 in 75 people will develop renal cancer in their lifetime and approximately one-third will have metastatic disease at presentation. Kidney cancer has a notoriously poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but treatment has evolved significantly in the past 10 years. Key to these recent developments in therapy has been a revolution in our understanding of the molecular basis of the

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12

Voloshin, Yan, Irina Belaya, and Roland Krämer. Encapsulation Phenomenon: Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications of Caged Ions and Molecules. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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13

Voloshin, Yan, Irina Belaya, and Roland Krämer. Encapsulation Phenomenon: Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications of Caged Ions and Molecules. Springer, 2016.

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14

Voloshin, Yan, Irina Belaya, and Roland Krämer. The Encapsulation Phenomenon: Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications of Caged Ions and Molecules. Springer, 2018.

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15

Ganger, Jennifer. The Genetics of Spoken Language. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.32.

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This chapter reviews recent research on the genetics of spoken language, both behavioral and molecular, and explains the methodologies for non-geneticists. Twin studies, which have benefited from statistical advances and larger sample sizes in recent decades, have progressed from merely establishing the presence of heritability in language to making claims about whether sub-domains of language (such as vocabulary and syntax) share common genes. Molecular studies have identified at least ten promising genes associated with reading impairment, Specific Language Impairment, and speech-language im

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16

McKeon, Andrew, B. Mark Keegan, and W. Oliver Tobin. Mayo Clinic Cases in Neuroimmunology. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197583425.001.0001.

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In the past 2 decades, diagnostics and therapeutics in neuroimmunology have rapidly evolved and increased in complexity. Diagnosis is assisted by various laboratory and advanced imaging techniques. Randomized clinical trials in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica, and smaller studies for rarer autoimmune diseases, have led to distinct immune molecule–targeted and mechanism-specific therapies. The fields of cerebrovascular medicine, neurooncology, and neuroinfectious diseases have not remained static either. All of these gains present a challenge, however, in that early and accurate neu

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17

Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The moving electron: electrical properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0003.

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The three basic parameters controlling electron transfer are presented: electronic interaction, structural change and interelectronic repulsion. Then electron transfer in discrete molecular systems is considered, with cases of inter- and intramolecular transfers. The semi-classical (Marcus—Hush) and quantum models are developed, and the properties of mixed valence systems are described. Double exchange in magnetic mixed valence entities is introduced. Biological electron transfer in proteins is briefly presented. The conductivity in extended molecular solids (in particular organic conductors)

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18

Biswas, S. K. Nanotribology. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.13.

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This article provides an overview of nanotribology, with particular emphasis on the scalable regime where contact dimensions, topographical perturbations, confinement scale and molecular dimensions are of the same order. It first defines nanotribology and describes some of the instruments used to assess the physics and chemistry of materials in the contact region, including the atomic force microscope, surface force apparatus, and quartz crystal microbalance. It then considers the interfacial phenomena and interaction forces as well as the microscopic origins of friction, focusing on Amonton's

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19

Harris, Brent T., Galam A. Khan, and Saed Sadeghi. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0029.

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Although the basic gross and microscopic pathological changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been known for more than 100 years, emerging technology and research into the cellular and molecular changes found in this disease are challenging our understanding about the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. All cell types of the CNS/PNS as well as circulating immune cells have been implicated in the pathology of ALS. Numerous genes, their proteins, and environmental factors have also been associated. However, we still do not understand the specific gene-environmental interactions that br

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20

Taylor, Roger E., Barry L. Pizer, Nancy Tarbell, Alba A. Brandes, and Stephen Lowis. Embryonal and pineal tumours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0009.

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Embryonal tumours account for 20% of paediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumours. Medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent, arises in the cerebellum. Clinical strategies have been based on series of multi-institutional trials since the 1970s. Recent understanding of the influence of molecular/biological factors has led to subdivision into four distinct subtypes with differing clinical and prognostic profiles, on which stratification is now based. Management of MB in adults is largely based on principles of managing children, modified according to differing clinical and toxicity profiles. Mo

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21

Surveillance of Bacterial Pneumonia and Meningitis in Children Aged Under 5 Years: Field Guide. Second Edition. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121894.

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The field guide on Surveillance of Bacterial Pneumonia and Meningitis in Children Aged Under 5 Years has become an important reference manual for health professionals in the Region of the Americas involved in epidemiological surveillance. It provides information on diseases, principal etiologic agents, available vaccines, laboratory procedures, and surveillance activities to detect and monitor cases, as well as data analysis to generate relevant information. This second edition describes some new developments as well as updating procedures to reflect advances in molecular testing for laborator

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22

Herrero, Rolando, and Raul Murillo. Cervical Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0048.

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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, with more than 500,000 cases and 250,000 deaths per year. The disease is characterized by marked regional differences, with more than 80% of the cases and deaths occurring in developing countries. The etiology and natural history of the disease are very well studied, with persistent infection with one of thirteen human papillomavirus (HPV) types now considered to be a necessary cause. The molecular mechanisms have also been elucidated and are mediated mainly by the expression of viral oncogenes that interfere with cellular pa

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23

Duran, Marinus, and Isabel Tavares de Almeida. Interpretation of Acylcarnitine Analysis Results. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0085.

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The analysis of acylcarnitines in plasma or blood spot samples by tandem mass spectrometry will detect all 15 defects of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, although false negative results may occur in well-fed, non-fasting patients. Moreover, more than 20 organic acidemias can be detected by this methodological approach. An acylcarnitine profile should be part of the work-up of patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis and/or hypoglycemia and adults with an unexplained leukoencephalopathy. Cases with abnormal acylcarnitines require an analysis of urine organic acids as well as enzyme activ

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24

Molecular Diagnostics and Biological Safety 2021. COVID-19: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylaxis: Conference Abstracts. Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-6045286-2-4.

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The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has spread to more than 200 countries. To date, over 130 million people have been affected and over 2.8 million have died. COVID-19 infection has a number of specific epidemiological and clinical features. In severe cases of the disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome develops, which is often fatal. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is susceptible to mutations, which alarms the scientific community all over the world. Therefore, scientific research in the field of COVID-19, the search for new diagnostic tools, methods for nonspecific and specific preventio

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25

Calabria, Ferdinando, Orazio Schillaci, Mario Leporace, Eugenio Gaudio, and Alfonso Ciaccio. Atlas of Hybrid and Molecular Imaging: Anatomical Landmarks for Pet/ct, Pet/mri and Spect/ct Radiopharmaceuticals - Clinical Cases - Tricks and Pitfalls. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2022.

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26

MD-PhD, Eugenio Gaudio, Antonio Bagnato, Ferdinando Calabria, Orazio Schillaci, Mario Leporace, and Alfonso Ciaccio. Atlas of Hybrid and Molecular Imaging: Anatomical Landmarks For PET/CT, PET/MRI and SPECT/CT Radiopharmaceuticals - Clinical Cases - Tricks and Pitfalls. Academic Press, 2022.

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27

Pacchioni, Gianfranco. Famous frauds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799887.003.0008.

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A large part of the chapter is dedicated to the story of one of the biggest frauds in science. It is the story of Hendrik Schön and his fantastic discoveries in the field of molecular electronics, and how wrong and manipulated papers ended up getting published in the scientific journals Science and Nature. This provides a stimulus to think about the rules of modern science and how it puts high pressure on young researchers to obtain wonderful results. The last part of the chapter deals with the actual dimensions of fraud in science (still low but growing) and with the dimension of other phenom

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28

Martel, Catherine de, and Julie Parsonnet. Stomach Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0031.

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Stomach cancer is the fifth most common incident cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer death. Almost half of the world’s cases occur in Asia, with 42% in China alone. Although the incidence and mortality rates from stomach cancer are decreasing, the global disease burden remains high. Moreover, the absolute number of cases continues to rise because of population aging. Adenocarcinomas comprise over 90% of gastric malignancies. The adenocarcinomas are further classified according to anatomic location (cardia vs. non-cardia), histology (e.g., intestinal or diffuse, signet ring o

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29

Greenlee, John E. Cerebrospinal Fluid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0145.

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Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid is of essential importance in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections, with a major role in the diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis. In bacterial and viral meningitis, CSF evaluation is usually straightforward, and well-defined serological and molecular techniques are available for CSF examination in many of the more common viral encephalitides. This is in contrast to CSF evaluation in cases of tuberculous and chronic meningitis, in which organisms may be difficult to detect by culture or polymerase chain methods or antigen detection. This chap

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30

Goodyer, Paul. Kidney/ear syndromes. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0170.

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Malformations of the external ear may signal renal disease, but it is actually the disorders of the inner ear which reflect molecular pathways that are also crucial for kidney development. In a number of monogenic renal diseases, renal dysplasia is associated with deafness. Disorders of the kidney and inner ear are also linked in complex syndromes such as the human ciliopathies. In some cases, the loss of specific genes affects shared transport physiology, basement membrane assembly, or energy metabolism.The kidney and cochlea have a common susceptibility to toxins that are selectively concent

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31

Neri, Giovanni, Luigi Boccuto, and Roger E. Stevenson, eds. Overgrowth Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944896.001.0001.

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This book provides comprehensive details on a number of well-defined genetic disorders and a selection of less well-defined entities that include somatic overgrowth as a major manifestation. In addition to overgrowth, these syndromes each have their own distinguishing characteristics that benefit the clinician in making a specific diagnosis. In most cases, the causative genes are known, giving a means of laboratory confirmation of the diagnoses. A major distinction from other hereditary syndromes is a predisposition of patients with the overgrowth syndromes to develop neoplasms during childhoo

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32

Ramaswamy, Vijay, Jason T. Huse, and Yasmin Khakoo. Pediatric Brain Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0140.

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Cerebellar astrocytoma of childhood most commonly refers to cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma, a World health Organization (WHO) Grade I tumor. However, on occasion cerebellar astrocytomas may demonstrate more aggressive histology including fibrillary astrocytomas, pilomyxoid astrocytomas, and rarely malignant lesions. In the near future, the diagnosis of cerebellar astrocytomas will be simplified by molecular analysis for BRAF fusions rather than a purely morphological approach. The emergence of next-generation sequencing can be expected to identify single nucleotide variations and further exp

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33

Lucas, Sebastian B. Histopathology of fungal disease. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0040.

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Histopathology has a critical role in the diagnosis of fungal infections. Often it is the first or only sample of a lesion. A rapid, confident diagnosis can significantly affect patient management. However, the morphologies of yeast and hyphae are not necessarily diagnostic at the genus or species level, and the experience of histopathologists is variable. A primary decision is whether the lesion is fungal or another infection or not infectious at all, and the next is whether the fungus is a yeast or a hyphal (mould) infection. Further histopathological genus and species discrimination can be

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34

Krain, Lisa J., and Kenrad E. Nelson. Hepatitis E Virus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0006.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses serious risks to pregnant women and their developing fetuses, including increased risk of pregnancy loss, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and early infant death. Supportive care is currently the standard treatment for pregnant women with HEV infection, but in some cases, ribavirin treatment or early delivery may be indicated. Infants born with acute HEV infection face increased risk of complications and death. Intensive monitoring and support may be required in the neonatal period, particularly for preterm infants. Infants who survive the early neonatal period are l

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35

Berwick, Marianne, and Charles Wiggins. Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0043.

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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare tumor, occurring in approximately one to four of every 100,000 individuals worldwide. Soft tissue sarcomas can form anywhere in the body, including muscle, tendons, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and tissues around joints. They are most common in the head, neck, arms, legs, trunk, and abdomen. Prognosis is generally poor, with a relative survival rate of approximately 65% at five years, with little difference by race. Approximately 11,930 cases and 4,870 deaths from STS occurred in the United States in 2015. The etiology of STS is still poorly un

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36

Peppelenbosch, A. G., and Martijn Poeze. Ischaemic bowel in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0186.

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Intestinal ischaemia is caused by occlusion of the visceral arteries, thrombosis of the mesenteric veins, or by (low-flow) non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI). Each condition has a specific diagnostic and therapeutic work-up and prognostic significance. The incidence of acute mesenteric infarction is as low as 0.63 cases/100,000 person years, but overall mortality rates remains high at 74%. In general, a high index of suspicion is necessary and should be followed by administering therapeutic low molecular weight heparin or systemic heparin infusion. In these patients resuscitation and or

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37

Bertz, Simone, and Arndt Hartmann. Pathology of bladder and upper urinary tract tumours. Edited by James W. F. Catto. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0072.

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Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary tract, with approximately 386,000 new cases worldwide per year, and is the fifth most common cancer in humans. Mortality rates range between 1.1 per 100,000 for women to 4 per 100,000 in men. Most bladder and urinary tract cancers are urothelial carcinoma. The remainder are squamous cell carcinoma (5%), adenocarcinoma (<5%) and other rare tumours (<1%). Around 5–10% of urothelial carcinoma are found in the upper urinary tract. Unlike the majority of malignant tumours in other anatomical sites, most urothelial carcinoma hav

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38

Weir, Alan. Naturalism Reconsidered. Edited by Stewart Shapiro. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195325928.003.0014.

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This article focuses on naturalism. It makes one terminological distinction: between methodological naturalism and ontological naturalism. The methodological naturalist assumes there is a fairly definite set of rules, maxims, or prescriptions at work in the “natural” sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and molecular biology, this constituting “scientific method.” There is no algorithm which tells one in all cases how to apply this method; nonetheless, there is a body of workers—the scientific community—who generally agree on whether the method is applied correctly or not. Whatever the method

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39

Laali, K. K. Carbocyclic and Heterocyclic Cage Compounds and Their Building Blocks: Synthesis, Structure, Mechanism, and Theory (Advances in Strained and Interesting Organic Molecules). JAI Press, 1999.

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40

Hüttemann, Andreas, and Alan Love. Reduction. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.26.

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Reduction and reductionism have been central philosophical topics in analytic philosophy of science for more than six decades. Together they encompass a diversity of issues from metaphysics and epistemology. This article provides an introduction to the topic that illuminates how contemporary epistemological discussions took their shape historically and limns the contours of concrete cases of reduction in specific natural sciences. The unity of science and the impulse to accomplish compositional reduction in accord with a layer-cake vision of the sciences, the seminal contributions of Ernest Na

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41

Crous-Bou, Marta, Immaculata de Vivo, and Pagona Lagiou. Endometrial Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676827.003.0018.

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Lifestyle factors contribute appreciably to endometrial cancer risk, with obesity accounting for over one-third of incident cases in high-income societies. Unlike cervical cancer, which is a model of viral carcinogenesis, endometrial cancer is considered a model of hormonal carcinogenesis, as use of unopposed estrogens postmenopausally and obesity are the best-established risk factors. Endometrial cancer is also the only known malignancy for which cigarette smoking has been shown to confer protection. Risk reduction conferred by current smoking, past oral contraceptive use, childbearing, and p

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42

Zinsstag, J., E. Schelling, J. Solera, J. M. Blasco, and I. Moriyón. Brucellosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0007.

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Brucellosis has been successfully controlled and eliminated in a number of countries by effective, well managed vaccination and test-slaughter strategies. Their cost was essentially borne by national governments including the cost of acceptable compensation for culled animals. Brucellosis is, however, endemically persisting in livestock and causing human disease in the Mediterranean region, Africa, the Near East and Central America and is re-emerging as a major preventable disease in countries of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. There has been significant progress in knowledge of the mole

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43

Abo-Shehada, Mahmoud N. The Myiases. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0075.

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Human myiases can be caused by over 50 species of dipteran larvae. The numbers of human clinical myiasis reports, reflect their relative importance in the following order; cutaneous, ophthalmomyiases, nasal, oral, intestinal, ear, urogenital, and cerebral myiases. Myiasis producing flies are distributed worldwide, but most reported cases are from warm and developing countries. Molecular techniques have been applied to myiasis fly identification and classification, especially ostrids and calliphorines. Successful elimination programs have been carried out against Hypoderma spp. in the UK and Co

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44

Poll-The, Bwee Tien, Ronald J. A. Wanders, and Hans R. Waterham. Peroxisomal Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0062.

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Peroxisomal disorders represent a group of disorders in which there is an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Clinically, a dysfunction of peroxisomes results in most cases in neurologic symptoms of varying extent ranging from severe neurologic symptoms in children to late-onset disease in adults. In most peroxisomal disorders there is ocular and hearing involvement in combination with a multitude of other clinical manifestations. The peroxisomal disorders are subdivided into two major groups: (1) the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), and (2) the single peroxisome enzyme def

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45

Myrvold, Wayne C. Beyond Chance and Credence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865094.001.0001.

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Probability concepts permeate physics. This is obvious in statistical mechanics, in which probabilities appear explicitly. But even in cases when predictions are made with near-certainty, there is are implicit probabilistic assumptions in play, as it is assumed that molecular fluctuations can be neglected. How are we to understand these probabilistic concepts? This book offers a fresh look at these familiar topics, urging readers to see them in a new light. It argues that the traditional choices between probabilities as objective chances or degrees of belief is too limiting, and introduces a n

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46

Bowman, Dwight D. Zoonotic hookworm infections. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0069.

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Hookworms on occasion cause creeping lesions in the superficial layers of the human skin that have been designated as cutaneous larva migrans for the purpose of contrasting the condition with visceral larva migrans. Currently, the disease is presenting most commonly to physicians specializing in tropical or travel medicine in patients who have just visited a tropical beach and are presenting with serpiginous tracks in their skin. The serpiginous tracts can persist for week, and are often pruritic, may be associated with accompanying bulla, and can rarely lead to secondary sequelae. The larval

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47

Thomas, Francis G., and Gunter Henze. Introduction to Voltammetric Analysis. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101135.

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Voltammetric methods are among the most sensitive and versatile available to the analytical chemist. They can identify and quantify substances from simple metal ions, through to complex organic molecules. The concentration range spans 9 orders of magnitude and, in many cases, trace level analyses of surface waters and body fluids can be performed with little or no pre-treatment of the sample is required. In this text the basic concepts and principles are presented in an easy-to-read manner. Practical aspects are discussed and an overview of the electrochemistry of the elements and of org

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48

Cattran, Daniel C., and Heather N. Reich. Membranous glomerulonephritis. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0060_update_001.

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Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome, and a common glomerular cause of end-stage renal failure. It is caused by antibodies to podocyte surface molecules, usually autoantibodies. In most patients with primary membranous nephropathy the target is the phospholipase A2 receptor. It is hoped that robust assays for this antibody will help to guide therapy but it has not been possible to test this adequately yet. Primary MGN accounts for about 70% of cases with regional variations. MGN is more common in men than women (approximately 2:1) and i

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49

Rau, Jochen. Perfect Gas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0006.

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The perfect gas is perhaps the most prominent application of statistical mechanics and for this reason merits a chapter of its own. This chapter briefly reviews the quantum theory of many identical particles, in particular the distinction between bosons and fermions, and then develops the general theory of the perfect quantum gas. It considers a number of limits and special cases: the classical limit; the Fermi gas at low temperature; the Bose gas at low temperature which undergoes Bose–Einstein condensation; as well as black-body radiation. For the latter we derive the Stefan–Boltzmann law, t

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50

Troisi, Alfonso. The Painted Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.001.0001.

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The scientific focus of this book is on the human mind and behavior viewed from an evolutionary perspective. The author is a clinical psychiatrist but his research background ranges from primate ethology to neuroscience, behavioral biology to molecular genetics, and Darwinian psychiatry to evolutionary psychology. Discussion of emotions, cognitive capacities, and behaviors integrates a variety of research and clinical findings that, ultimately, can be reduced to the evolutionary distinction between proximate mechanisms and adaptive functions. An original feature of the book is that it combines

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