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Journal articles on the topic 'Molecular imaging agent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Chen, Zhi-Yi, Yi-Xiang Wang, Yan Lin, et al. "Advance of Molecular Imaging Technology and Targeted Imaging Agent in Imaging and Therapy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/819324.

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Molecular imaging is an emerging field that integrates advanced imaging technology with cellular and molecular biology. It can realize noninvasive and real time visualization, measurement of physiological or pathological process in the living organism at the cellular and molecular level, providing an effective method of information acquiring for diagnosis, therapy, and drug development and evaluating treatment of efficacy. Molecular imaging requires high resolution and high sensitive instruments and specific imaging agents that link the imaging signal with molecular event. Recently, the applic

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2

Li, Chengyue, Xiaochun Xu, Nathan McMahon, Omar Alhaj Ibrahim, Husain A. Sattar, and Kenneth M. Tichauer. "Paired-Agent Fluorescence Molecular Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Using Indocyanine Green as a Control Agent for Antibody-Based Targeted Agents." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2019 (January 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7561862.

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Purpose. Paired-agent molecular imaging methods, which employ coadministration of an untargeted, “control” imaging agent with a targeted agent to correct for nonspecific uptake, have been demonstrated to detect 200 cancer cells in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. This study demonstrates that indocyanine green (ICG), which is approved for human use, is an ideal control agent for future paired-agent studies to facilitate eventual clinical translation. Methods. The kinetics of ICG were compared with a known ideal control imaging agent, IRDye-700DX-labeled antibody in both healthy and me

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3

Kim, Jonghoon, Nohyun Lee, and Taeghwan Hyeon. "Recent development of nanoparticles for molecular imaging." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2107 (2017): 20170022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0022.

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Molecular imaging enables us to non-invasively visualize cellular functions and biological processes in living subjects, allowing accurate diagnosis of diseases at early stages. For successful molecular imaging, a suitable contrast agent with high sensitivity is required. To date, various nanoparticles have been developed as contrast agents for medical imaging modalities. In comparison with conventional probes, nanoparticles offer several advantages, including controllable physical properties, facile surface modification and long circulation time. In addition, they can be integrated with vario

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4

Miao, Chuanwang, Wei Zhao, Shuanghu Yuan, et al. "A novel molecular agent for glioma angiogenesis imaging." Nuclear Medicine Communications 38, no. 11 (2017): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mnm.0000000000000735.

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5

Sneddon, Deborah, and Sally-Ann Poulsen. "Agents described in the Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database for imaging carbonic anhydrase IX expression." Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 29, no. 5 (2014): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2013.848205.

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6

Gurfinkel, Michael, Shi Ke, Xiaoxia Wen, Chun Li, and Eva M. Sevick-Muraca. "Near-Infrared Fluorescence Optical Imaging and Tomography." Disease Markers 19, no. 2-3 (2004): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/474818.

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The advent of recent advances in near-infrared laser diodes and fast electro-optic detection has spawned a new research field of diagnostic spectroscopy and imaging based on targeting and reporting exogenous fluorescent agents. This review seeks to concisely address the physics, instrumentation, advancements in tomography, and near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent development that promises selective and specific molecular targeting of diseased tissues. As an example of one area of the field, recent work focusing on pharmacokinetic analysis of fluorophores targeting the epidermal growth fact

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7

Rowe, Steven P., Martin G. Pomper, and Michael A. Gorin. "Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Choosing the Right Agent." Journal of Nuclear Medicine 59, no. 5 (2018): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.206318.

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8

Yuan, Long, Yabing Ma, and Jianchao Yuan. "Tumor targeting HPMA-porphyrin-99mTc copolymer molecular imaging agent." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 25, no. 18 (2014): 2066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2014.970064.

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9

Calzada, Victoria, Marcelo Fernández, Joel González, et al. "Aptamer-HYNIC-99mTc: A molecular imaging agent of PTK7." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 41, no. 7 (2014): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.010.

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10

Yusof, Adlina Mohd, Shankaran Kothandaraman, Xiaoli Zhang, et al. "Development of a calcium-sensing receptor molecular imaging agent." Surgery 154, no. 6 (2013): 1378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2013.06.044.

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11

Flacke, Sebastian, Stefan Fischer, Michael J. Scott, et al. "Novel MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Fibrin." Circulation 104, no. 11 (2001): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hc3601.094303.

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12

Borden, Mark A., Hua Zhang, Robert J. Gillies, Paul A. Dayton, and Katherine W. Ferrara. "A stimulus-responsive contrast agent for ultrasound molecular imaging." Biomaterials 29, no. 5 (2008): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.10.011.

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13

CHEN, CHAO-WEI, TIFFANY R. BLACKWELL, RENEE NAPHAS, et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF NEEDLE-BASED MICROENDOSCOPY FOR FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR IMAGING OF BREAST TUMOR MODELS." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 02, no. 04 (2009): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545809000747.

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Fluorescence molecular imaging enables the visualization of basic molecular processes such as gene expression, enzyme activity, and disease-specific molecular interactions in vivo using targeted contrast agents, and therefore, is being developed for early detection and in situ characterization of breast cancers. Recent advances in developing near-infrared fluorescent imaging contrast agents have enabled the specific labeling of human breast cancer cells in mouse model systems. In synergy with contrast agent development, this paper describes a needle-based fluorescence molecular imaging device

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14

Park, Gippeum. "Review: Application Trends of Contrast Media in PET/MRI." Journal of Medical Imaging 5, no. 1 (2022): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31916/sjmi2022-01-03.

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Research on medical imaging contrast agents to improve diagnostic performance and optimize treatment strategies has been ongoing for a long time. Recently, hybrid imaging technology in which two different devices such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, and PET/MRI are fused is emerging as a new trend in medical imaging. The high spatial resolution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the high-sensitivity molecular-level information of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) by these convergence devices are leading to the development of new hybrid imaging technologies along with hybrid contrast agents. To crea

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15

Reeßing, Friederike, Sèvrin E. M. Huijsse, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Ben L. Feringa, Ronald J. H. Borra, and Wiktor Szymański. "A Photocleavable Contrast Agent for Light-Responsive MRI." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 10 (2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13100296.

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Thanks to its innocuousness and high spatiotemporal resolution, light is used in several established and emerging applications in biomedicine. Among them is the modulation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents’ relaxivity with the aim to increase the sensitivity, selectivity and amount of functional information obtained from this outstanding whole-body medical imaging technique. This approach requires the development of molecular contrast agents that show high relaxivity and strongly pronounced photo-responsiveness. To this end, we report here the design and synthesis of a light-

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16

Hendrikx, Geert, Tilman M. Hackeng, Rick van Gorp, et al. "Use of Cyclic Backbone NGR-Based SPECT to Increase Efficacy of Postmyocardial Infarction Angiogenesis Imaging." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8638549.

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As CD13 is selectively expressed in angiogenesis, it can serve as a target for molecular imaging tracers to noninvasively visualize angiogenic processes in vivo. The CD13-targeting moiety NGR was synthesized and cyclized by native chemical ligation (NCL) instead of disulfide bridging, leading to a cyclic peptide backbone: cyclo(Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Gly) (coNGR). Beside this new monomeric coNGR, a tetrameric NGR peptide co(NGR)4 was designed and synthesized. After radiolabeling, their in vitro and in vivo characteristics were determined. Both coNGR-based imaging agents displayed considerably higher

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17

Vollett, Kyle D. W., Daniel A. Szulc, and Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng. "A Manganese Porphyrin Platform for the Design and Synthesis of Molecular and Targeted MRI Contrast Agents." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119532.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, in contrast to the plethora of fluorescent agents available to target disease biomarkers or exogenous implants, have remained predominantly non-specific. That is, they do not preferentially accumulate in specific locations in vivo because doing so necessitates longer contrast retention, which is contraindicated for current gadolinium (Gd) agents. This double-edge sword implies that Gd agents can offer either rapid elimination (but lack specificity) or targeted accumulation (but with toxicity risks). For this reason, MRI contrast agent innovatio

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18

Gai, Yongkang, Yuying Li, Shuangping Wu, et al. "Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of a Gadolinium-Containing Vitamin E TPGS Micelle as a Potential Contrast Agent for MR Imaging." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (2023): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020401.

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The application of many currently evaluated macromolecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been limited because of their bio-incompatibility and toxicity. The aim of this study is to synthesize and characterize a new micelle-based TPGS gadolinium chelate as a biocompatible MRI contrast agent for prolonged blood circulation time and good tumor imaging contrast. The TPGS-gadolinium conjugate was prepared through the conjugation between TPGS-SA and bifunctional L-NETA-Gd chelate. The conjugate was characterized with regard to molecular weight, critical micellar concentrat

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19

Sun, Xuanrong, Yue Cai, Zhuomin Xu, and Dabu Zhu. "Preparation and Properties of Tumor-Targeting MRI Contrast Agent Based on Linear Polylysine Derivatives." Molecules 24, no. 8 (2019): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081477.

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We developed a tumor-targeted contrast agent based on linear polylysine (PLL) by conjugating a small molecular imaging agent, fluorescent molecule and targeting agent amino phenylboronic acid onto the amino groups of polylysine, which can specifically target monosaccharide sialic acid residues overexpressing on the surface of tumor cell membranes. Further, 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (DCA) was attached to the free amino groups of the polylysine to change to a negative charge at physiology pH to lower the cytotoxicity, but it soon regenerated to a positive charge again once reaching th

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Qutaish, Mohammed Q., Zhuxian Zhou, David Prabhu, et al. "Cryo-Imaging and Software Platform for Analysis of Molecular MR Imaging of Micrometastases." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9780349.

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We created and evaluated a preclinical, multimodality imaging, and software platform to assess molecular imaging of small metastases. This included experimental methods (e.g., GFP-labeled tumor and high resolution multispectral cryo-imaging), nonrigid image registration, and interactive visualization of imaging agent targeting. We describe technological details earlier applied to GFP-labeled metastatic tumor targeting by molecular MR (CREKA-Gd) and red fluorescent (CREKA-Cy5) imaging agents. Optimized nonrigid cryo-MRI registration enabled nonambiguous association of MR signals to GFP tumors.

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21

Tian, Jie, and Yang Du. "Endoscopic molecular imaging of early gastric cancer targeting transferrin receptor 1." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e23093-e23093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23093.

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e23093 Background: Gastric cancer is primarily managed endoscopically by white light gastroscope with suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Emerging optical imaging technologies possess great potential for improving diagnostic accuracy but currently lack imaging agents for molecular specificity. In this study, a novel ligand of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), human H-ferritin (HFn), was labeled with fluorescent agents to enable in vivo real-time imaging by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). Methods: In vivo fluorescence imaging was performed in tumor-bearing mice from human gastric cancer cell line

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22

Cowell, S., L. Carroll, I. Lavdas, E. O. Aboagye, and R. Vilar. "Towards an MMP-2-activated molecular agent for cancer imaging." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 5 (2018): 1530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03108d.

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23

Ge, Chao, Xiaojiao Di, Siqi Han, et al. "Hydrogen sulfide triggered molecular agent for imaging and cancer therapy." Chemical Communications 57, no. 15 (2021): 1931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc07982k.

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We developed an activatable molecular agent, PNF, triggered by intracellular H<sub>2</sub>S in the lysosome to release the therapeutic drug amonafide, which can escape from the lysosome into the nucleus to induce autophagy of cancer cells.

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24

Luong, Alice, Dan Smith, Chia-Hung Tai, et al. "Development of a Translatable Ultrasound Molecular Imaging Agent for Inflammation." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 46, no. 3 (2020): 690–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.11.009.

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25

Wright, Cara Elizabeth, Elaine Jagoda, Fabiola Cecchi, et al. "Developing a molecular imaging agent for Met using onartuzumab (MetMAb)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 11083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.11083.

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11083 Background: Developing an imaging agent to assess Met expression would aid in diagnosis and monitoring tumor response to Met-targeted therapies. Onartuzumab (MetMAb), a Met selective humanized one-armed monoclonal antibody, has been studied in Phase I-II clinical trials in which it was generally well tolerated and has shown the most benefit in patients with MET positive tumors. Methods: Studies to assess Met-binding were executed using the human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN-45 which exhibits a high level of Met expression. Murine PET studies and biodistribution assays were performed u

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26

Chopra, Arvind, Liang Shan, W. C. Eckelman, et al. "Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD): Evolution and Progress." Molecular Imaging and Biology 14, no. 1 (2011): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11307-011-0521-3.

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27

Winter, Patrick M., Shelton D. Caruthers, Xin Yu, et al. "Improved molecular imaging contrast agent for detection of human thrombus." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 50, no. 2 (2003): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10532.

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28

Caravan, Peter, Biplab Das, Stéphane Dumas, et al. "Collagen-Targeted MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Fibrosis." Angewandte Chemie 119, no. 43 (2007): 8319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200700700.

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29

Caravan, Peter, Biplab Das, Stéphane Dumas, et al. "Collagen-Targeted MRI Contrast Agent for Molecular Imaging of Fibrosis." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46, no. 43 (2007): 8171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200700700.

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30

Hamano, Nobuhito, Sho Kamoshida, Yamato Kikkawa, et al. "Development of Antibody-Modified Nanobubbles Using Fc-Region-Binding Polypeptides for Ultrasound Imaging." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 6 (2019): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11060283.

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Ultrasound (US) imaging is a widely used imaging technique. The use of US contrast agents such as microbubbles, which consist of phospholipids and are filled with perfluorocarbon gases, has become an indispensable component of clinical US imaging, while molecular US imaging has recently attracted significant attention in combination with efficient diagnostics. The avidin–biotin interaction method is frequently used to tether antibodies to microbubbles, leading to the development of a molecular targeting US imaging agent. However, avidin still has limitations such as immunogenicity. We previous

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Gillies, Robert J., John M. Hoffman, Kit S. Lam, et al. "Meeting Report: High-Throughput Technologies for In Vivo Imaging Agents." Molecular Imaging 4, no. 2 (2005): 153535002005051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15353500200505115.

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Combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening have become standard tools for discovering new drug candidates with suitable pharmacological properties. Now, those same technologies are starting to be applied to the problem of discovering novel in vivo imaging agents. Important differences in the biological and pharmacological properties needed for imaging agents, compared to those for a therapeutic agent, require new screening methods that emphasize those characteristics, such as optimized residence time and tissue specificity, that make for a good imaging agent candidate.

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32

Peretz, Vital, Menachem Motiei, Chaim N. Sukenik, and Rachela Popovtzer. "The Effect of Nanoparticle Size on Cellular Binding Probability." Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2012 (June 7, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/404536.

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Nanoparticle-based contrast agents are expected to play a major role in the future of molecular imaging due to their many advantages over the conventional contrast agents. These advantages include prolonged blood circulation time, controlled biological clearance pathways, and specific molecular targeting capabilities. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that molecularly targeted nanoparticles can home selectively onto tumors and thereby increase the local accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor sites. However, there are almost no reports regarding the number of nanoparticles that bind

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Yordanov, Alexander, Nikolay Mollov, Adriana Lodder, et al. "A water-soluble triiodo amino acid and its dendrimer conjugate for computerized tomography (CT) imaging." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 2 (2005): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0502163y.

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Prolonging the circulation of an imaging agent is vital for making it suitable for blood pool (vascular) imaging. Medical applications of vascular imaging include cardiovascular disease, abnormal capillary permeability, and tumor neovascularity. As low molecular weight computerized tomography (CT) enhancement agents are characterized by inconveniently fast clearance, macromolecular compounds (both natural and synthetic) have gained a wide recognition for possessing better characteristics for performing blood imaging tasks. Herein, the syntheses and characterization of a new water-soluble triio

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Liu, Yu-Cheng, Zhi-Xian Wang, Jing-Yi Pan, et al. "Recent Advances in Imaging Agents Anchored with pH (Low) Insertion Peptides for Cancer Theranostics." Molecules 28, no. 5 (2023): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052175.

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The acidic extracellular microenvironment has become an effective target for diagnosing and treating tumors. A pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) is a kind of peptide that can spontaneously fold into a transmembrane helix in an acidic microenvironment, and then insert into and cross the cell membrane for material transfer. The characteristics of the acidic tumor microenvironment provide a new method for pH-targeted molecular imaging and tumor-targeted therapy. As research has increased, the role of pHLIP as an imaging agent carrier in the field of tumor theranostics has become increasingly pro

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35

Winter, Patrick M. "Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles: Evolution of a Multimodality and Multifunctional Imaging Agent." Scientifica 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/746574.

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Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles offer a biologically inert, highly stable, and nontoxic platform that can be specifically designed to accomplish a range of molecular imaging and drug delivery functions in vivo. The particle surface can be decorated with targeting ligands to direct the agent to a variety of biomarkers that are associated with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and thrombosis. The surface can also carry a high payload of imaging agents, ranging from paramagnetic metals for MRI, radionuclides for nuclear imaging, iodine for CT, and florescent tags for histolo

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Hsu, Yu-I., Atsushi Mahara, and Tetsuji Yamaoka. "Influence of Molecular Mobility on Contrast Efficiency of Branched Polyethylene Glycol Contrast Agent." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1259325.

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For a water-soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, it has been demonstrated that the contrast efficiency was increased with increased branched structure of the contrast agent. However, the cause of enhanced contrast efficiency by the branched structure has not been clarified. Hence, we investigate the cause of the contrast agent enhancement by changing the Gd introduction ratio of the eight-arm PEG from 1.97 to 4.07; furthermore, the terminal mobility of the contrast agents with different structures was evaluated using proton nuclear magnetic resonan

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Dutta, Rahul, Subhamoy Mandal, Hsiao-Chun Amy Lin, et al. "Brilliant cresyl blue enhanced optoacoustic imaging enables non-destructive imaging of mammalian ovarian follicles for artificial reproduction." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 172 (2020): 20200776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0776.

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In the field of reproductive biology, there is a strong need for a suitable tool capable of non-destructive evaluation of oocyte viability and function. We studied the application of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) as an intra-vital exogenous contrast agent using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) for visualization of porcine ovarian follicles. The technique provided excellent molecular sensitivity, enabling the selection of competent oocytes without disrupting the follicles. We further conducted in vitro embryo culture, molecular analysis (real-time and reverse transcriptase polymerase

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Kim, Young Ro, Mark D. Savellano, Ralph Weissleder, and Alexei Bogdanov. "Steady-state and Dynamic Contrast MR Imaging of Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Tumors: A Comparative Study." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 1, no. 6 (2002): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460200100609.

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Understanding tumor vascular physiology is critically important for developing non-invasive, molecularly targeted diagnostic agents and therapies. In this study, using three different human prostate cancer xenografts (MDA PCa 2b, PC3, and LnCap), structural and physiological parameters of neoplastic vasculature and interstitum were explored with a widely available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence (3D SPGR: spoiled gradient echo). Using dual injection technique employing two T1 contrast agents of different molecular masses (Weissleder, R., Cheng, H. C., Marecos, E., Kwong, K. K.,

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Han, Seongyi, Dakyeon Lee, Sungjee Kim, Hyung-Hoi Kim, Sanghwa Jeong, and Jeesu Kim. "Contrast Agents for Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review Focusing on the Wavelength Range." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (2022): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080594.

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Photoacoustic imaging using endogenous chromophores as a contrast has been widely applied in biomedical studies owing to its functional imaging capability at the molecular level. Various exogenous contrast agents have also been investigated for use in contrast-enhanced imaging and functional analyses. This review focuses on contrast agents, particularly in the wavelength range, for use in photoacoustic imaging. The basic principles of photoacoustic imaging regarding light absorption and acoustic release are introduced, and the optical characteristics of tissues are summarized according to the

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Vera, David R., and Robert F. Mattrey. "A Molecular CT Blood Pool Contrast Agent." Academic Radiology 9, no. 7 (2002): 784–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80348-3.

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Camacho, Ximena, Camila Machado, maria Fernanda Garcia, et al. "99m technetium-Tocilizumab Fragments As Molecular Imaging Agent for Multiple Myeloma." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4214.4214.

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Abstract Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm of B lymphoid line that is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, producing monoclonal paraprotein (M) in blood and/or serum. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the key molecules related to growth, survival and proliferation of MM cells. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against IL-6 receptor (IL-6R). When radiolabeled and used for tumor imaging, intact IgG exhibits high liver uptake. Antibody fragments (Fab´s) are quickly eliminated from blood and normal tissues (exc

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Wallace, Anne M., Carl K. Hoh, Scott J. Ellner, Denise D. Darrah, Gery Schulteis, and David R. Vera. "Lymphoseek: A Molecular Imaging Agent for Melanoma Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping." Annals of Surgical Oncology 14, no. 2 (2006): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-006-9099-4.

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Qin, Zhengtao, Carl K. Hoh, David J. Hall, and David R. Vera. "A tri-modal molecular imaging agent for sentinel lymph node mapping." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 42, no. 12 (2015): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.07.011.

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Chen, Ying, Surajit Dhara, Sangeeta Ray Banerjee, et al. "A low molecular weight PSMA-based fluorescent imaging agent for cancer." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 390, no. 3 (2009): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.10.017.

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Li, Ji, Ahmed Chaudhary, Steven J. Chmura, et al. "A novel functional CT contrast agent for molecular imaging of cancer." Physics in Medicine and Biology 55, no. 15 (2010): 4389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/013.

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46

Greco, A., M. Mancini, S. Gargiulo, et al. "Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Small Animal Research: Applications in Molecular and Preclinical Imaging." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/519238.

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Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a noninvasive multimodality technique that allows high-resolution imaging in mice. It is affordable, widely available, and portable. When it is coupled to Doppler ultrasound with color and power Doppler, it can be used to quantify blood flow and to image microcirculation as well as the response of tumor blood supply to cancer therapy. Target contrast ultrasound combines ultrasound with novel molecular targeted contrast agent to assess biological processes at molecular level. UBM is useful to investigate the growth and differentiation of tumors as well as to de

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Ghelfi, Mikel, Lucas A. Maddalena, Jeffrey A. Stuart, Jeffrey Atkinson, Thad A. Harroun, and Drew Marquardt. "Vitamin E-inspired multi-scale imaging agent." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 29, no. 1 (2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.052.

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Wang, Yang, Yan Dai, Qiang Luo, et al. "Tumor Environment-Responsive Degradable Branched Glycopolymer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent and Its Tumor-Targeted Imaging." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 15, no. 7 (2019): 1384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2019.2759.

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Branched macromolecules have been used as carriers for imaging probes and drug delivery systems because of their tunable molecular structures, as well as their regular nanoscale structures and dimensions. We designed and synthesized two tumor environment-responsive branched and gadolinium (Gd)-based glycopolymer conjugates and investigated their potency as highly effective and safe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. These branched macromolecules were prepared by one-pot reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and conjugating chemistry. A biodegrada

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Darwish, Alla, Megan Blacker, Nancy Janzen, et al. "Triazole Appending Agent (TAAG): A New Synthon for Preparing Iodine-Based Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy Agents." ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 3, no. 4 (2012): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ml300003v.

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Dahl, Jeremy, Rakesh Bam, Dongwoon Hyun, Arutselvan Natarajan, Farbod Tabesh, and Ramasamy Paulmurugan. "Toward the clinical application of ultrasound molecular imaging in the early detection of breast cancer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018424.

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Ultrasound molecular imaging has large potential in the early detection of breast cancer, particularly in women with radiographically dense breasts. In ultrasound molecular imaging, a molecularly-targeted ligand attached to a microbubble binds to proteins expressed on the tumor neovasculature to produce contrast that can identify cancer at an early stage. Keys to successful ultrasound molecular imaging are: (1) a molecular target highly specific to breast cancer; and (2) a sensitive imaging system that can visualize bound microbubbles while suppressing bubble signal from the background. In add

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