Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molecular markers

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Molecular markers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Molecular markers"

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Sorscher, Steve. "Molecular Markers of Molecular Markers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 25 (September 1, 2019): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.00746.

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Salava, J., Y. Wang, B. Krška, J. Polák, P. Komínek, R. W. Miller, W. M. Dowler, G. L. Reighard, and A. G. Abbott. "Molecular genetic mapping in apricot." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 38, No. 2 (July 30, 2012): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6113-cjgpb.

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A genetic linkage map for apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) has been constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in 80 BC1 individuals derived from a cross LE-3246 × Vestar. From 26 different primer combinations, a total of 248 AFLP markers were scored, of which, 40 were assigned to 8 linkage groups covering 315.8 cM of the apricot nuclear genome. The average interval between these markers was 7.7 cM. One gene (PPVres1) involved in resistance to PPV (Plum pox virus) was mapped. Two AFLP markers (EAA/MCAG8 and EAG/MCAT14) were found to be closely associated with the PPVres1 locus (4.6 cM resp. 4.7 cM). These markers are being characterized and they will be studied for utilization in apricot breeding with marker-assisted selection (MAS).
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Chesnokov, Yu V. "GENETIC MARKERS: COMPARATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-3-11-15.

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With the creation of the molecular markers allowing to carry out analysis of genotypes on the level initial genetic information – DNA, onset one of the most multifarious and one of the most large in number class of markers at the present day. It is concerned with that each separate nucleic acid sequence is unique on its structure. Set of molecular and genetic methods, named as DNA-fingerprinting, most wide used in modern investigations for solving different problems in different biological areas. In this connection, necessity in comparative classification of modern molecular and genetic markers is actual. Based on published literature material it shown data on different classifications of molecular markers. Determined definition of term “marker” in genetics and breeding. Gave the characters and distinctive features of genetic markers. It given the definition what is “good” genetic marker as well as kinds, categories, variations and types on heredity of molecular markers. Manifested by means of molecular markers polymorphisms can classified on polymorphism of sequence itself (including nucleotide substitution and insertion-deletion) and polymorphism the number of tandem repeat sequences in repeated regions. Moreover, molecular markers can classify on two variations: anonymous, for which nucleotide acid sequence unknown and for manifestation of the molecular marker its detection not necessary (for example, RAPD, AFLP, RFLP), and announce (or determined), for which nucleic acid sequence is known or can be detect during analysis (for example, SNP, CAPS, STS). However, in independence on using of molecular markers the choice of method of investigation will be depend on investigated plant species as well. The next influence of molecular and genetic methods on genetics and practical breeding of plants will be depend on results, which will be obtain, in particular, on revealing the possibility or not possibility of genotyping of individual on single genetic marker as wel as on economic price of obtain informative data.
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Khatoon, Arifa, Sumeet Verma, Gayatri Wadiye, and Anuprita Zore. "Molecular markers and their potentials." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 01 (January 1, 2016): 4706. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.01.003.

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The use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant molecular biotechnology and their genetic studies. There are three different types of markers viz. morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA based markers are differentiating in two types 1. Non PCR based (RFLP) and 2. PCR based markers (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNP etc.). Amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker is one of the most widely used marker due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis. SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) is nowadays is the one which is used mainly. In this review, we are going to discuss about the biochemical and molecular markers which are recently developed, the important characteristics of molecular markers their advantages, disadvantages and the applications of these markers in comparison with other markers types.
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Califano, J. "Molecular markers." Radiotherapy and Oncology 82 (February 2007): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(07)80015-6.

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Dolanská, L., and V. Čurn. "Identification of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars using molecular markers." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 3 (December 6, 2011): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4013-pse.

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The different molecular analysis for specification of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations was studied between 2002 and 2003. RAPD, SSR (microsatellites), rDNA and PCR-RFLP markers were used for this study. The high genetic variation was detected among the cultivars but also within the cultivars by RAPD markers. For this reason RAPD markers were not found as a suitable marker system for determination of white clover cultivars. The distribution of low genetic variation of rDNA and PCR-RFLP markers was not able to differentiate cultivars. SSR and rDNA markers did not show variability of patterns within one cultivar. The different sizes of PCR fragments were obtained after amplification with microsatellite primers. SSR markers are therefore suggested as the suitable markers for the identification of different T. repens cultivars.
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Benchimol-Reis, Luciana L. "Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding." Journal of Agricultural Science 15, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v15n3p58.

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Molecular markers are an important tool for plant breeding. Since the 1980s, in response to the technology development, molecular marker approaches have been further diversified. The establishment of new-generation sequencing and high-throughput plant phenotyping has greatly decreased the time to genotype large numbers of individuals. For breeders who are not very familiar with molecular techniques and want to catch up with the advances in the field, this review offers basic knowledge. Each molecular marker technology has specific advantages as well as limitations. Molecular marker types, diversity studies, QTL mapping, associative mapping, marker-assisted backcrossing and genomic selection are explored. Marker application in plant breeding is also described. In the genome, molecular markers can detect the genetic architecture of a trait, but also identify candidate genes with an important role in plant breeding programs.
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Teneva, A., and M. P. Petrovic. "Application of molecular markers in livestock improvement." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 26, no. 3-4 (2010): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1004135t.

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With recent developments in DNA technologies, a large number of genetic polymorphisms at DNA sequence level has been introduced over the last decades as named DNA-based markers. The discovery of new class of DNA profiling markers has facilitated the development of marker-based gene tags, mapbased cloning of livestock important genes, variability studies, phylogenetic analysis, synteny mapping, marker-assisted selection of favourable genotypes, etc. The most commonly used DNA-based markers have advantages over the traditional phenotypic and biochemical markers since they provide data that can be analyzed objectively. In this article the main applications of molecular markers in present-day breeding strategies for livestock improvement - parentage determination, genetic distance estimation, genetic diversity, gene mapping and marker-assisted selection have been reviewed.
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Szczechura, Wojciech, Mirosława Staniaszek, and Hanna Habdas. "Tomato Molecular Markers." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0001-y.

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Tomato Molecular MarkersTomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) is one of the most popular vegetable grown in many regions of the world. Due to its high taste quality and nutritional value increase interest in the cultivation of this species and its consumption. Using the latest achievements in fields of genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology, breeders can create new varieties with improved useful traits. Introduction of DNA markers, especially those based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has led to breakthrough in the plants genetic research, including tomato. They are successfully used for plant genomes mapping, phylogenetics studies, selection of parental forms in plant breeding, and above all to identify the genes of important traits. For tomato have been identified and mapped 9309 molecular markers. High-density genetic maps development gives an opportunity to use them in genetic research and breeding programs. Identification of DNA markers closely linked to studied gene can significantly facilitate the identification of desirable traits in material breeding, or accelerate the plants selection for elimination of genotypes with undesirable genes. Material breeding selection using molecular markers, defined as MAS (marker-assisted-selection) is increasingly being used in tomato breeding programs, contributing to facilitated identification of genes or QTL and their transfer into the cultivated species from wild form.
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Chinnappareddy, L. R. D., K. Khandagale, A. Chennareddy, and V. G. Ramappa. "Molecular markers in the improvement of Allium crops." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 49, No. 4 (November 26, 2013): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2013-cjgpb.

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The genus Allium (Family: Alliaceae) is the most important among the bulbous vegetable crops. characterization of Alliums based on phenotypic traits is influenced by the environment and leads to biased diversity estimates. Recognizing the potential of DNA markers in plant breeding, researchers have adopted the molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS), quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and characterization of different quality traits in Alliums. This review presents details about the use of DNA markers in Alliums for cultivar identification, diversity studies, SSR development, colour improvement, total soluble solids (TSS), cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and efforts of DNA sequencing. As there are no such reports to describe the above work under a single heading, we decided to mine literature for those who are working in onion, garlic, chives and leek improvement to generate new insights in the subject.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molecular markers"

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Cai, Na. "Molecular markers of stress." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:95826e79-6ef0-4148-8478-5778994f97fc.

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Using data from the China, Oxford and Virginia Commonwealth University Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) Consortium study of major depressive disorder (MDD)on 11,670 Han Chinese women, this thesis describes an investigation on the etiology of MDD, a psychiatric disease that has eluded previous genetic studies as well as investigations of its mechanistic underpinnings. It asks: what happens during stress, how may it contribute to the risk of developing MDD, and why does it increase the risk of MDD in some people but not others. It presents three main findings. First, a GWAS on MDD conducted on 10,640 samples (5,303 cases and 5,337 controls) in the CONVERGE dataset found two genome wide significant associations with MDD, one lying at the 5' side of SIRT1, and the other in an intron of LHPP. Both signals have been replicated in a completely independent cohort of severe MDD cases and matched controls from Northern China, making them the first replicated association loci for MDD to date. Second, I found there are more copies of mtDNA in cases of MDD than controls and while the increase can be induced by stress, it is contingent on the depressed state. Further analyses of results from animal experiments showed stress increases mtDNA levels in a dose-dependent, reversible and tissue specific way that is mediated partly by stress steroids. Third, the total amount of heteroplasmy was found to increase with increasing mtDNA levels, and therefore is higher in cases of MDD than controls, consistent with a change in mitochondrial function observed in animal models of chronic stress. All three findings suggest stress causes changes in mtDNA, and this change may be larger in cases of MDD than controls. This difference between cases and controls may be due to differences in their regulation of mtDNA levels and sequence mutation during stress, and this may be genetically determined. This study provides a new perspective to the etiology of depression, suggesting it may have origins in metabolic regulation.
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Pinto, Diana Maria de Figueiredo. "Molecular markers for diabetic nephropathy." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15953.

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Mestrado em Bioquímica - Bioquímica Clínica<br>Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the world. Globally, the prevalence of this disorder is predicted to increase, along with the risk of developing diabetic related complications. One of those complications is diabetic nephropathy, defined by a progressive increase in proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function. Approximately 25% to 30% of type 2 diabetic individuals develop this complication. However, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to contribute to the discovery of the genetic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, through the identification of relevant genetic variants in Portuguese type 2 diabetic individuals. The exomes of 36 Portuguese type 2 diabetic individuals were sequenced on the Ion ProtonTM Sequencer. From those individuals, 19 did not present diabetic nephropathy, being included in the control group, while the 17 individuals that presented the diabetic complication formed the case group. A statistical analysis was then performed to identify candidate common genetic variants, as well as genes accumulating rare variants that could be associated with diabetic nephropathy. From the search for common variants in the study population, the statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) variants rs1051303 and rs1131620 in the LTBP4 gene, rs660339 in UCP2, rs2589156 in RPTOR, rs2304483 in the SLC12A3 gene and rs10169718 present in ARPC2, were considered as the most biologically relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The variants rs1051303 and rs1131620, as well as the variants rs660339 and rs2589156 were associated with protective effects in the development of the complication, while rs2304483 and rs10169718 were considered risk variants, being present in individuals with diagnosed diabetic nephropathy. In the rare variants approach, the genes with statistical significance (p-value ≤ 0.05) found, the STAB1 gene, accumulating 9 rare variants, and the CUX1 gene, accumulating 2 rare variants, were identified as the most relevant. Both genes were considered protective, with the accumulated rare variants mainly present in the group without the renal complication. The present study provides an initial analysis of the genetic evidence associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and the results obtained may contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with this diabetic complication.<br>A diabetes tipo 2 é um dos distúrbios metabólicos mais comuns no mundo. Globalmente, está previsto um aumento da sua prevalência, assim como um aumento do risco de desenvolver complicações associadas. Uma dessas complicações é a nefropatia diabética, definida pelo aumento progressivo de proteinúria e um declínio gradual da função renal. Aproximadamente 25% a 30% dos indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 desenvolvem esta complicação. No entanto, os mecanismos genéticos associados permanecem por esclarecer. Posto isto, o objetivo deste estudo é contribuir para a identificação dos mecanismos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e progressão desta complicação, através da identificação de variantes genéticas relevantes, em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 na população portuguesa. Para isso, os exomas de 36 portugueses com diabetes tipo 2 foram sequenciados na plataforma Ion ProtonTM. Desses individuos, 19 não apresentavam nefropatia diabética, tendo sido incluídos no grupo de controlo, e os restantes 17 individuos, com a complicação diagnosticada, formaram o grupo dos casos. Uma análise estatística foi depois realizada para identificar, com base nas diferenças genéticas entre os dois grupos, variantes comuns, assim como genes que acumulam variantes raras candidatas, que podem explicar o risco acrescido ou diminuído para desenvolver a complicação. Na pesquisa das variantes comuns, as variantes rs1051303 e o rs1131620 no gene LTBP4, a variante rs660339 no UCP2, a variante rs2589156 no gene RPTOR, a variante rs2304483 no SLC12A3 e, por fim, a variante rs10169718 presente no gene ARPC2, foram, de todas aquelas consideradas estatisticamente significativas (p-value ≤ 0,05), as mais relevantes para a patogénese da nefropatia diabética. O rs1051303 e o rs1131620, assim como o rs660339 e o rs2589156, têm um efeito protetor, enquanto o rs2304483 e o rs10169718 foram considerados de risco, estando associados a indivíduos que sofrem da complicação referida. Pela abordagem utilizada para identificar as variantes raras, o gene STAB1, que acumula 9 variantes, e o gene CUX1, que acumula 2, foram, de todos os genes com significado estatístico (p-value ≤ 0,05), aqueles que se evidenciaram como sendo biologicamente relevantes. Ambos os genes foram considerados protetores, já que as suas variantes raras acumuladas estavam presentes maioritariamente nos indivíduos que não apresentam esta complicação renal. Este estudo providencia uma análise inicial das evidências genéticas associadas ao desenvolvimento e progressão da nefropatia diabética, podendo os seus reultados contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos genéticos que estão por detrás do seu surgimento.
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Weigelt, Britta. "Molecular markers of breast cancer metastasis." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/88848.

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Swagell, Christopher Dean. "Molecular markers of obesity and diabetes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35762/1/Christopher_Swagell_Thesis.pdf.

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Recently it has been shown that the consumption of a diet high in saturated fat is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. In contrast, diets that are high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially very long chain n-3 fatty acids (FAs), are protective against disease. However, the molecular mechanisms by which saturated FAs induce the insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are not clearly defined. It is possible that saturated FAs may act through alternative mechanisms compared to MUFA and PUFA to regulate of hepatic gene expression and metabolism. It is proposed that, like MUFA and PUFA, saturated FAs regulate the transcription of target genes. To test this hypothesis, hepatic gene expression analysis was undertaken in a human hepatoma cell line, Huh-7, after exposure to the saturated FA, palmitate. These experiments showed that palmitate is an effective regulator of gene expression for a wide variety of genes. A total of 162 genes were differentially expressed in response to palmitate. These changes not only affected the expression of genes related to nutrient transport and metabolism, they also extend to other cellular functions including, cytoskeletal architecture, cell growth, protein synthesis and oxidative stress response. In addition, this thesis has shown that palmitate exposure altered the expression patterns of several genes that have previously been identified in the literature as markers of risk of disease development, including CVD, hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes. The altered gene expression patterns associated with an increased risk of disease include apolipoprotein-B100 (apo-B100), apo-CIII, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. This thesis reports the first observation that palmitate directly signals in cultured human hepatocytes to regulate expression of genes involved in energy metabolism as well as other important genes. Prolonged exposure to long-chain saturated FAs reduces glucose phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis in the liver. Decreased glucose metabolism leads to elevated rates of lipolysis, resulting in increased release of free FAs. Free FAs have a negative effect on insulin action on the liver, which in turn results in increased gluconeogenesis and systemic dyslipidaemia. It has been postulated that disruption of glucose transport and insulin secretion by prolonged excessive FA availability might be a non-genetic factor that has contributed to the staggering rise in prevalence of type 2 diabetes. As glucokinase (GK) is a key regulatory enzyme of hepatic glucose metabolism, changes in its activity may alter flux through the glycolytic and de novo lipogenic pathways and result in hyperglycaemia and ultimately insulin resistance. This thesis investigated the effects of saturated FA on the promoter activity of the glycolytic enzyme, GK, and various transcription factors that may influence the regulation of GK gene expression. These experiments have shown that the saturated FA, palmitate, is capable of decreasing GK promoter activity. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR has shown that palmitate incubation may also regulate GK gene expression through a known FA sensitive transcription factor, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which upregulates GK transcription. To parallel the investigations into the mechanisms of FA molecular signalling, further studies of the effect of FAs on metabolic pathway flux were performed. Although certain FAs reduce SREBP-1c transcription in vitro, it is unclear whether this will result in decreased GK activity in vivo where positive effectors of SREBP-1c such as insulin are also present. Under these conditions, it is uncertain if the inhibitory effects of FAs would be overcome by insulin. The effects of a combination of FAs, insulin and glucose on glucose phosphorylation and metabolism in cultured primary rat hepatocytes at concentrations that mimic those in the portal circulation after a meal was examined. It was found that total GK activity was unaffected by an increased concentration of insulin, but palmitate and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly lowered total GK activity in the presence of insulin. Despite the fact that total GK enzyme activity was reduced in response to FA incubation, GK enzyme translocation from the inactive, nuclear bound, to active, cytoplasmic state was unaffected. Interestingly, none of the FAs tested inhibited glucose phosphorylation or the rate of glycolysis when insulin is present. These results suggest that in the presence of insulin the levels of the active, unbound cytoplasmic GK are sufficient to buffer a slight decrease in GK enzyme activity and decreased promoter activity caused by FA exposure. Although a high fat diet has been associated with impaired hepatic glucose metabolism, there is no evidence from this thesis that FAs themselves directly modulate flux through the glycolytic pathway in isolated primary hepatocytes when insulin is also present. Therefore, although FA affected expression of a wide range of genes, including GK, this did not affect glycolytic flux in the presence of insulin. However, it may be possible that a saturated FA-induced decrease in GK enzyme activity when combined with the onset of insulin resistance may promote the dys-regulation of glucose homeostasis and the subsequent development of hyperglycaemia, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Bitalo, Daphne Nyachaki. "Implementation of molecular markers for triticale cultivar identification and marker-assisted selection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71670.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>Triticale is an amphidiploid that consists of wheat (A and B) and rye (R) genomes. This cereal is fast becoming important on a commercial basis and warrants further assessment for the better management and breeding of the hybrid. The assessment of the genetic diversity among the wheat and rye genomes within triticale can be obtained by using molecular markers developed in both donor genomes. Simple sequence repeats markers (SSRs) and amplified fragment length markers (AFLPs) have been previously used to assess the genetic diversity among triticale lines. SSRs are highly polymorphic markers that are abundant and which have been shown to be highly transferable between species in previous studies while AFLP markers are known to generate plenty of data as they cover so many loci. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a marker system suitable to assess the genetic diversity and relationships of advanced breeding material (and cultivars) of the Stellenbosch University’s Plant Breeding Laboratory (SU-PBL). Therefore, both AFLP and SSR markers were initially analysed using eight triticale cultivars (with known pedigrees) to facilitate cultivar identification. Fourty-two AFLP primer combinations and 86 SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among the Elite triticale cultivars. The AFLP primer combinations generated under average polymorphism information content (PIC) values. Furthermore, these markers generated neighbour-joining (NJ) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendograms that displayed relationships that did not correspond with the available pedigree information. Therefore, this marker system was found not to be suitable. A set of 86 SSRs previously identified in both wheat and rye, was used to test the genetic diversity among the eight cultivars. The markers developed in wheat achieved 84% transferability while those developed in rye achieved 79.3% transferability. A subset of SSR markers was able to distinguish the cultivars, and correctly identify them by generating NJ and UPGMA dendograms that exhibited relationships that corroborated the available pedigree data. This panel of markers was therefore chosen as the most suitable for the assessment of the advanced breeding material. The panel of seven SSR markers was optimised for semi-automated analysis and was used to screen and detect the genetic diversity among 306 triticale entries in the F6, Senior and Elite phases of the SU-PBL triticale breeding programme. An average PIC value of 0.65 was detected and moderate genetic variation was observed. NJ and UPGMA dendograms generated showed no clear groupings. However, the panel of markers managed to accurately identify all cultivars within the breeding program. The marker panel developed in this study is being used to routinely distinguish among the advanced breeding material within the SU-PBL triticale breeding programme and as a tool in molecular-assisted backcross.
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Valdman, Alexander. "Molecular genetic markers of prostate cancer development /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-618-9/.

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Larkin, Samantha. "Molecular characterisation of prostate cancer progression markers." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511205.

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Steele, Katherine A. "Molecular markers in yellow rust of wheat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243712.

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Hemmings, Karen Emily. "Cellular and molecular markers of oocyte quality." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445945.

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Laird, Alexander. "Molecular prognostic markers in renal cell carcinoma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17873.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most deadly of urological malignancies. While metastatic disease affects one third of patients at diagnosis, a further third of patients who undergo extirpative surgery with curative intent subsequently develop metastatic disease. Inconsistency in the clinical course ensures predicting subsequent metastasis is notoriously difficult, despite the routine use of prognostic clinico-pathological parameters in risk stratification. With greater understanding of pathways involved in disease pathogenesis, a number of biomarkers have been proposed to be of prognostic significance; however there are currently no molecular prognostic markers in clinical use. Genetic intra-tumoural heterogeneity (genetic ITH) has been described in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and may limit the clinical translation of biomarkers. There has been no assessment of ITH at other molecular levels. The aim of this work was to define and compare proteomic, transcriptomic and DNA methylation ITH in ccRCC, and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Using reverse phase protein arrays to study protein expression in multiple spatially separate regions of primary and metastatic ccRCC, proteomic ITH was demonstrated for the first time. Interestingly there was no significant difference in proteomic ITH in metastatic ccRCC tumour deposits compared to primary tumours. However, on analysis of differential protein expression between primary and metastatic ccRCC tissue using a tissue microarray and automated analysis of immunofluorescence, there was significantly greater expression of Ki67, p53, VEGFR1, SLUG and SNAIL in the metastases compared to the primary tumours. Subsequent profiling of gene expression and DNA methylation in multiple areas of the same primary tumours confirmed transcriptomic and methylomic ITH. On comparison of this multimolecular ITH, significantly greater proteomic ITH was seen compared to gene expression and DNA promoter methylation heterogeneity. Recent evidence suggests DNA methylation may be prognostically important in RCC and given the lower methylomic ITH in ccRCC, the identification of prognostic DNA methylation changes in ccRCC were pursued using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K Beadchip. Following development of an analysis pipeline, identification and validation of prognostic differentially methylated regions (DMR) was performed on an experimental cohort and published dataset respectively. Five DMRs, which were associated with disease recurrence in ccRCC, were identified. NEFM gene promoter methylation was the only DMR associated with cancer specific survival, independent of TNM stage and nuclear grade on multivariate analysis, which was confirmed on a third independent published dataset. This thesis therefore demonstrates multi-molecular ITH in ccRCC for the first time. Despite this, NEFM promoter methylation may be a useful independent prognostic marker of cancer specific survival.
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Books on the topic "Molecular markers"

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Singh, Bhim Pratap, and Vijai Kumar Gupta, eds. Molecular Markers in Mycology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34106-4.

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Henry, Robert J., ed. Molecular Markers in Plants. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118473023.

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Henry, Robert J. Molecular markers in plant improvement. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

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Srivastava, P. S., Alka Narula, and Sheela Srivastava, eds. Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Markers. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3213-7.

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Eganhouse, Robert P., ed. Molecular Markers in Environmental Geochemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0671.

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Wunder, Jay S. Molecular markers for musculoskeletal sarcomas. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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S, Srivastava P., Narula Alka, Srivastava Sheela, and Bhojwani S. S, eds. Plant biotechnology and molecular markers. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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Centre, World Agroforestry. Molecular markers for tropical trees. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre, 2009.

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1948-, Eganhouse Robert P., American Chemical Society. Division of Environmental Chemistry., American Chemical Society. Division of Geochemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Molecular markers in environmental geochemistry. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997.

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S, Hulka Barbara, Wilcosky Timothy C, and Griffith Jack D, eds. Biological markers in epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Molecular markers"

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Agrawal, Pavan Kumar, and Rahul Shrivastava. "Molecular Markers." In Advances in Biotechnology, 25–39. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1554-7_3.

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Mondal, Tapan Kumar. "Molecular Markers." In Breeding and Biotechnology of Tea and its Wild Species, 93–123. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1704-6_6.

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Mondal, Tapan Kumar. "Molecular Markers." In Tea: Genome and Genetics, 139–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8868-6_6.

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Spangenberg, Germán, Zeng-Yu Wang, and Ingo Potrykus. "Molecular Markers." In Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 147–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72051-2_9.

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Betsy, C. Judith, and C. Siva. "Molecular Markers." In Fisheries Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 141–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6991-3_15.

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Livneh, O., and E. Vardi. "Molecular Genetic Markers." In Hybrid Cultivar Development, 201–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07822-8_8.

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Bahler, David. "Prognostic Markers." In Molecular Pathology Library, 65–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5698-9_3.

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Sienko, Anna, Timothy Craig Allen, and Philip T. Cagle. "Prognostic Markers." In Molecular Pathology Library, 193–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_18.

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Jahoor, Ahmed. "RFLP Markers." In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, 229–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0019-6_45.

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Eoli, M., A. Di Stefano, and G. Finocchiaro. "Molecular Markers of Gliomas." In Therapeutic Ribonucleic Acids in Brain Tumors, 157–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00475-9_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molecular markers"

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Gubenko, Marina, Lali Kogonia, and Turna Ashkhatsava. "NEW MOLECULAR MARKERS OF GLIOBLASTOMA." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2730.sudak.ns2022-18/110-111.

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Келехсашвили, Л. М., and И. А. Датиева. "MOLECULAR MARKERS IN BREEDING CLOVER." In Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии, 69–70. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2021.21.xxi.038.

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Сохранение и повышение плодородия почв как основа высокоэффективного и устойчивого производства продукции растениеводства является одной из основных задач земледелия. В решении этой проблемы ведущая роль принадлежит кормовым травам, в частности, клеверу луговому. В последнее время идет интенсивная работа с использованием современных методов селекции для создания высокопродуктивных сортов клевера. Preservation and improvement of soil fertility as the basis for highly efficient and sustainable crop production is one of the main tasks of agriculture. In solving this problem, the leading role belongs to fodder grasses, in particular, red clover. Recently, intensive work has been carried out using modern breeding methods to create highly productive varieties of clover.
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Schmitz, Georg, Michal Mleczko, and Monica Siepmann. "Retrieving multidimensional ultrasonic image information of molecular markers." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2008.4607488.

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Ingram, Whitney. "Biomedical wellness monitoring system based upon molecular markers." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Harold Szu and Liyi Dai. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.918838.

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Maral, A. R. S., C. M. R. Caridade, P. Albuquerque, M. V. Mendes, and F. Tavares. "Automatic detection of molecular markers in digital images." In 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333807.

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Кузьмина, Л. П., А. Г. Хотулева, М. М. Коляскина, Л. М. Безрукавникова, and Н. А. Анварул. "Molecular genetic markers for assessing individual sensitivity to lead." In III International Scientific Forum "Health And Safety At The Workplace". Polikraft, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-985-7153-76-3-2019-1-3-175-179.

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Desai, B., J. Mattson, H. Paintal, M. Nathan, M. Beaumont, M. Malinao, F. Shen, et al. "Differential Cellular and Molecular Markers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a3488.

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Supari, Nurhaziqah, Yilmaz Kaya, Maral Biroudian, and Muhammad Arshad Javed. "Molecular characterization of Malaysian rice cultivars using SSR markers." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOSCIENCES AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING (ICBME2019): Towards innovative research and cross-disciplinary collaborations. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5125520.

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Cherkasova, O., S. Kuznetsov, M. Konnikova, A. Rybak, D. Utkin, and N. Nikolaev. "DETECTION OF GLIOMA MOLECULAR MARKERS BY TERAHERTZ NANOANTENNA SENSOR." In Terahertz and Microwave Radiation: Generation, Detection and Applications (ТЕRА-2023). Moscow: Our Style, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59043/9785604953914_79.

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Hoffmann-Vold, Anna Maria, Vyacheslav Palchevskiy, Phuong Phuong Diep, Henriette Didriksen, Mona Lovise Talaro Ramsli, Jin Zhou, Shahrzad Lari, et al. "High-throughput screening of molecular markers for CTD-ILD." In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts, PA4267. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa4267.

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Reports on the topic "Molecular markers"

1

Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. Molecular Markers in Hereditary Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403325.

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Thompson, Henry J. Modulation of Molecular Markers by CLA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada366915.

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Thompson, Henry J. Modulation of Molecular Markers by CLA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada320113.

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Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. Molecular Markers in Hereditary Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412814.

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Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. Molecular Markers in Hereditary Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420426.

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Rosen, Jeffrey M. Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer Susceptibility. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada340575.

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Thompson, Henry J. Modulation of Molecular Markers by CLA. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada346554.

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Reisch, Bruce, Pinhas Spiegel-Roy, Norman Weeden, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, and Jacques Beckmann. Genetic Analysis in vitis Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613014.bard.

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Genetic analysis and mapping in grapes has been difficult because of the long generation period and paucity of genetic markers. In the present work, chromosome linkage maps were developed with RAPD, RFLP and isozyme loci in interspecific hybrid cultivars, and RAPD markers were produced in a V. vinifera population. In three cultivars, there were 19 linkage groups as expected for a species with 38 somatic chromosomes. These maps were used to locate chromosome regions with linkages to important genes, including those influencing powdery mildew and botrytis bunch rot resistance; flower sex; and berry shape. In V. vinifera, the occurrence of specific markers was correlated with seedlessness, muscat flavor and fruit color. Polymorphic RAPD bands included single copy as well as repetitive DNA. Mapping procedures were improved by optimizing PCR parameters with grape DNA; by the development of an efficient DNA extraction protocol; and with the use of long (17- to 24-mer) primers which amplify more polymorphic loci per primer. DNA fingerprint analysis with RAPD markers indicated that vinifera cultivars could be separated readily with RAPD profiles. Pinot gris, thought to be a sort of Pinot noir, differed by 12 bands from Pinot noir. This suggests that while Pinot gris may be related to Pinot noir, it is not likely to be a clone. The techniques developed in this project are now being further refined to use marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for the early selection of elite seedlings. Furthermore, the stage has been set for future attempts to clone genes from grapes based upon map locations.
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Shugart, L. R. Biological (molecular and cellular) markers of toxicity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6441197.

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Ritter, Mark A. Molecular Markers and Prostate Cancer Radiation Response. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415011.

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