Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Molecular markers ISSR'
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Braga, Inaê. "Discriminação Varietal de cultivares em Urochloa brizantha por marcador molecular ISSR." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2013. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/430.
Full textApproximately 80-90% of grassland areas in Brazil consist of the forage Urochloa, genus and the apomictic species Urochloa brizantha [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf.] the most used. Some genotypes of Urochloa have being widely used with a wrong nomenclature, even for species as for cultivars. In this way, the Urochloa cultivar identification is primordial for breeding programs and seed production. Considering the importance of genetic purity in comercialized seed lots, the present study aimed to investigate the potential of ISSR markers for discrimination of U. brizantha (Xaraés; Piatã, Basilisk; MG4; MG5; Marandú) in order to determine the degree of contamination of seed lots. ISSR markers showed a low degree of polymorphism . However, results showed it is possible to identify cultivars in pure samples of seeds Urochloa, requiring only ten primers. The cultivar Basilisk was confirmed as U. brizantha cultivar. It was not possible to differentiate samples intentionally contaminated at levels stipulated in the work. Further studies with other primers and other contamination levels will be important to detect varietal mixtures in cultivars U. brizanhta.
Aproximadamente 80 a 90% das áreas de pastagens no Brasil são constituídas por forrageiras do gênero Urochloa, sendo a espécie apomítica Urochloa brizantha [syn. Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf.] a mais utilizada. Alguns genótipos de Urochloa têm sido amplamente distribuídos com a nomenclatura equivocada, tanto para espécies como para cultivares. A identificação dos cultivares de Urochloa é fundamental para os programas de melhoramento e produção de sementes. Considerando a importância da pureza varietal em lotes de sementes comercializadas, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo verificar o potencial dos marcadores ISSR para a discriminação de U. brizantha (Xaraés; Piatã, Basilisk; MG4; MG5; Marandú) com a finalidade de determinar o grau de contaminação de lotes de sementes. Os marcadores ISSR apresentaram um baixo grau de polimorfismo. Todavia, os resultados mostraram ser possível identificar os cultivares em amostras puras de sementes de Urochloa, sendo necessários somente dez primers. O cultivar Basilisk foi confirmado como U. brizantha. Não foi possível diferenciar amostras contaminadas propositalmente nos níveis estipulados no trabalho. Novos estudos com outros primers e outros níveis de contaminação serão importantes para detectar misturas varietais em cultivares de U.brizantha.
Souza, Giselle Anselmo de. "Diversidade genética de Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) avaliada com marcadores ISSR." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4818.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is a species probably originated from Central America. It became an agricultural pest since it was established and continually began to reproduce in stored seeds and later diffused throughout tropical and subtropical regions. In stores, those insects cause damages to the grains, by boring them and giving them an unpleasant flavor, therefore depreciating their commercial value. In seeds, the pest consumes the reserves of the cotyledons, therefore endangering germination. This study was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity in Z. subfasciatus populations, by using the molecular markers ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat). Twelve populations of Z. subfasciatus amostradas were sampled in eight Brazilian states as totaling 269 individuals, then they were evaluate. Five primers ISSR (UBC 807, UBC 808, UBC 809, UBC 811, UBC 891) were used, whereas a total of 51 polymorphic bands averaging 10 bands by each primer were amplified. The percent polymorphism within each population ranged from 74.51 to 92.16, with an average percentage of 83.82. The expected heterozygozite corrected by Nei in 1978 ranged from 0.2253 to 0.;3281 with some 0.2885 average, whereas the genetic diversity index by Shannon and Weaver (HE) ranged from 0.2908 to 0.4805, as averaging 0.4167. At species level, those two indexes showed the values 0.3636 and 0.5393 respectively. The FST values between the population pairs obtained by molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) ranged from 0.06804 to 0.6165. The genetic distance by Nei used in estimation of the genetic divergence among populations ranged from 0.0563 to 0.3250. The AMOVA allowed for the partition of the genetic variation into two levels: either inside and among populations. Higher genetic variation was observed inside population, with 66% of the total variation. Only 34% genetic variation were observed among populations. The Mantel` test showed low correlation between geographical distance and FST, genetic identity and FST, and between the Nei´genetic distance and FST. According to the results, the following conclusions were drawn: the genetic variability of the species is still considered as low in Brazil, probably due to the recent introduction of the pest; and those Zabrotes subfasciatus populations showed to be not geographically structured in Brazil.
Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), espécie originária provavelmente na América Central, se tornou uma praga agrícola quando se estabeleceu e passou a se reproduzir continuamente em sementes armazenadas, difundindo-se posteriormente pelas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Em armazéns, esses insetos causam danos aos grãos, perfurando-os e conferindo-lhes sabor desagradável, depreciando o seu valor comercial. Nas sementes, a praga consome as reservas dos cotilédones, comprometendo a germinação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a diversidade genética de populações de Z. subfasciatus por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat). Foram avaliadas 12 populações de Z. subfasciatus, amostradas em oito estados brasileiros, totalizando 269 indivíduos. Cinco primers ISSR foram utilizados (UBC 807, UBC 808, UBC 809, UBC 811, UBC 891), sendo amplificadas um total de 51 bandas polimórficas com média de 10 bandas por primer. A porcentagem de polimorfismo dentro de cada população variou de 74,51 a 92,16, com porcentagem média de 83,82. A heterozigosidade esperada corrigida de Nei (HE), variou de 0,2253 a 0,3281, com média de 0,2885 e o índice de diversidade genética de de Shannon e Weaver (I) variou de 0,2908 a 0,4805, com média de 0,4167. Em nível de espécie, estes dois índices apresentaram valores de 0,3636 e 0,5393 respectivamente. Os valores de FST entre pares de populações obtidos pela análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) variaram de 0,06804 a 0,6165. A distância genética de Nei (1978), usada para estimar a divergência genética entre populações, variou de 0,0563 a 0,3250. A AMOVA permitiu uma partição da variação genética em dois níveis: dentro de populações e entre populações. Foi observada maior variação genética dentro da população, com 66% da variação total. Apenas 34% da variação genética foi observada entre populações. O teste de Mantel revelou baixa correlação entre distância geográfica e FST, identidade genética e FST e entre distância genética de Nei e FST. Pode-se concluir que a variabilidade genética da espécie ainda é considerada baixa no Brasil, provavelmente devido à introdução recente da praga. As populações de Zabrotes subfasciatus avaliadas não se apresentam geograficamente estruturadas no Brasil.
González, Aguilera Jorge. "Variabilidade molecular e resistência a geminivirus em acessos de tomateiro do BGH-UFV." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4658.
Full textFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
The Bank of Germplasm of Vegetables (BGH) of the Federal University of Viçosa, it maintains about 870 accesses of the gender Lycopersicon, many of them still no characterized. That culture is attacked by countless curses, where the flywhite (Bemisia tabaci) one of the most important is considered. Starting from 1994, it happened the introduction of a new biotype of B. tabaci in Brazil (biotype B), responsible for the spread of new begomovírus species in tomato. One of those new species, Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV), it causes severe symptoms and with high precocity in the tomato. Inside of this context, our work had as objectives: (1) to evaluate 96 tomato accesses (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as the resistance to the gemivirus Tomato yellow spot virus and (2) to characterize the genetic variability starting from molecular data. The resistance to ToYSV was evaluated through a selection being inoculated the accesses through agroinoculação and he saw biobalística, using the isolated of ToYSV Bi2. As a result of that selection it was selected the accesses that manifested the largest resistance pattern and again inoculated. The accesses that showed as resistant they were selected again and inoculated the same conditions low, being planted 20 plants by accesses. It was evaluated her witnesses from the virus in a visual way to the 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation. The visual evaluation was confirmed through PCR and hybridization. The accesses were fenotipados tends as base the percentage of infected plants confirmed by PCR and hybridization, of the total of inoculated plants. The molecular variability was characterized using molecular markers ISSR. The accesses were sowed in vegetation house and leaves of three plants by access were collected for extraction in bulk of DNA. Ten molecular markers anchored ISSR were used. The bands analyzed for each employed primer allowed the construction of the head office of binary data. The head office was used in I calculate it of the dissimilar using the complement of the coefficient of similarity of Jaccard. The head office was used in the accomplishment of the groupings by the method of optimization of Tocher and hierarchical UPGMA. Of the 96 accesses inoculated through agroinoculação, 31 accesses were selected classified as highly resistant (AR), being inoculated through biobalistica and selected among of them 4 accesses. The 4 selected accesses were inoculated again and as result he stood out the access BGH-224 that was classified as AR with only 10% of infected plants, and suitable as promising access for obtaining of you cultivate with resistance to ToYSV. The markers ISSR generated, together, 53 bands polymorphic of a total of 144 amplified. The primer 840 generated the largest number of bands polimórficas, with 18% (13 bands) of the 144 bands obtained by the 10 used primers. The size of the amplified fragments varied from 250 to 2000 pb. By the evaluation of the dendrogram obtained by the grouping method UPGMA and the grouping for the method Tocher, it was possible to differentiate the accesses. The access BGH- 980 was classified separately, being the most divergent of the tested accesses. They were classified in groups of 2 accesses the equal of accesses BGH- 674 and BGH-991, BGH-616 and BGH-970, that constitute duplicated accesses. The markers ISSR were useful in the characterization of the variability of the accesses of Lycopersicon esculentum, amplifying relatively high number of locos for primer, being enough to discriminate the appraised accesses.
O Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, mantém cerca de 870 acessos do gênero Lycopersicon, muitos deles ainda não caracterizados. Essa cultura é atacada por inúmeras pragas, onde a mosca-branca (Bemisia tabaci) é considerada uma das mais importantes. A partir de 1994, ocorreu a introdução de um novo biótipo de B. tabaci no Brasil (biótipo B), responsável pela disseminação de novas espécies de begomovírus em tomateiro. Uma dessas novas espécies, o Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV), causa sintomas severos e com alta precocidade no tomateiro. Dentro deste contexto, nosso trabalho teve como objetivos: (1) avaliar 96 acessos de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) quanto a resistência ao gemivirus Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) e (2) caracterizar a variabilidade genética a partir de dados moleculares. A resistência ao ToYSV foi avaliada através de uma triagem, sendo inoculados os acessos via agroinoculação e via biobalística, empregando o isolado de ToYSV Bi2. Como resultado dessa triagem foi selecionado os acessos que manifestaram o maior padrão de resistência e foram novamente inoculados. Os acessos que se manifestaram como resistentes foram selecionados novamente e inoculados baixo as mesmas condições, sendo plantadas 20 plantas por acessos. Foi avaliada a presencia do vírus de modo visual aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após inoculação. Foi confirmada a avaliação visual via PCR e hibridização. Os acessos foram fenotipados tendo como base a porcentagem de plantas infectadas confirmadas por PCR e hibridização, do total de plantas inoculadas. A variabilidade molecular foi caracterizada empregando marcadores moleculares ISSR. Os acessos foram semeados em casa de vegetação e folhas de três plantas por acesso foram coletadas para extração em bulk do DNA. Dez marcadores moleculares ISSR ancorados foram empregados. As bandas analisadas para cada primer empregado permitiu a construção da matriz de dados binários. A matriz foi empregada no calculo da dissimilaridade utilizando o complemento do coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard. A matriz foi empregada na realização dos agrupamentos pelo método de otimização de Tocher e hierárquico UPGMA. Dos 96 acessos inoculados via agroinoculação, foram seleccionados 31 acessos classificados como Altamente Resistente (AR), sendo inoculados via biobalística e selecionados dentre deles 4 acessos. Os 4 acessos selecionados foram inoculados novamente e como resultado destacou-se o acesso BGH-224 que foi classificado como AR, com apenas 10% de plantas infectadas, e indicado como acesso promissor para obtenção de cultivares com resistência ao ToYSV. Os marcadores ISSR geraram, em conjunto, 53 bandas polimórficas de um total de 144 amplificadas. O primer 840 gerou o maior número de bandas polimórficas, com 18 % (13 bandas) das 144 bandas obtidas pelos 10 primers empregados. O tamanho dos fragmentos amplificados variou de 250 a 2000 pb. Mediante a avaliação do dendrograma obtido pelo método de agrupamento UPGMA e o agrupamento pelo método Tocher, foi possível diferenciar os acessos. O acesso BGH-980 foi classificado isoladamente, sendo o mais divergente dos acessos testados. Foram classificados em grupos de 2 acessos os pares de acessos BGH-674 e BGH-991, BGH-616 e BGH-970, ainda que semelhantes não constituem acessos duplicados. Os marcadores ISSR foram úteis na caracterização da variabilidade dos acessos de Lycopersicon esculentum, amplificando número relativamente elevado de locos por primer, sendo suficiente para discriminar os acessos valiados.
Alamri, Sarah. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) ACCESSIONS USING INTER SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (ISSR) AND RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2201.
Full textNucci, Stella Maris. "Diversidade genética em germoplasma de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) identificada por marcadores SSR e ISSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-13092011-111035/.
Full textPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas) is a geographically widespread perennial plant species. It is ecologically important in natural communities and economically due to the oil extracted from its fruits that exhibit high potential for biodiesel production, thus, providing environmental, economical and social advantages. The current work aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity in physic nut germplasm using microsatellites and ISSR molecular markers. From a microsatelliteenriched library, 18 primer pairs were developed for the species and were used along with 30 SSR primer pairs developed at CBMEG to characterize and study the population genetic structure. Acessions from the germplasm banks at CPQBA (Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas) from UNICAMP and from UFS (Universidade Federal de Sergipe) were evaluated. The germplasm from CPQBA is organized in 12 populations whereas the accessions from UFS represent 17 soloist accessions. The polymorphism observed between the populations does not impair population genetic studies. The clusters of accessions from the germplasm Banks were characterized using 14 ISSR markers, revealing 86.64% of the genetic diversity are found within the clusters whereas between them, it corresponds to 13.36%. The total average number of alleles per locus (na) corresponded to 1.99 and the effective number of alleles (ne) was of 1.42 alleles per locus. The genetic diversity, investigated as in Nei (1973), indicated a low genetic diversity within the groups (0.26). Shannon index (I) for the accessions evidenced a low value of genetic diversity (0.41). Bayesian analyses of all investigated accessions in four groups demonstrated that all the accessions exhibit Q > 0.8. The clustering patterns did not indicated origin relationships among the accessions. Jaccard average index indicated 30% of similarity between the groups and the amplitude of similarity ranged from 0.23 to 0.94. The dendrogram analysis grouped the four clusters generated by the Bayesian analysis, confirming the consistency of the results. The current study reveals the necessity and importance of gathering as many germplasm accession as possible for the species in order to allow the establishment of conservation and breeding program strategies, considering the potential of the species for biofuel production.
Nascimento, Wellington Ferreira do. "Diversidade genética de inhame (Dioscorea trifida L.) avaliada por marcadores morfológicos, SSR e ISSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-10102013-083032/.
Full textDioscorea trifida L. is a species of edible yams originated in South America, which together with other economically important species of the genus Dioscorea is cultivated by small traditional farmers. Thus, it is observed that traditional communities play a key role in the generation and maintenance of yams genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the distribution, management and genetic diversity of D. trifida in Brazil. So, were visited and interviewed farmers in the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso. During the visits, we collected 51 accessions, which, together with two accessions purchased at fairs in the state of Amazonas, were characterized using 16 morphological descriptors, 16 ISSR and eight SSR markers.We observed that D. trifida occurs most often in swidden fields with less than two hectares (92%) maintained by traditional farmers, with production occurring on a small scale, mainly targeting the livelihood of the people involved with the cultivation and maintenance of the species. Among the names found for the species, the most cited were \"cará roxo\" in 43.4% of the sample units, \"cará\" and \"cará branco\", both observed in 9.4% and \"cará mimoso\" with 7.6%. There is also a regionalization of these denominations, where \"inhame roxo\" and \"inhame branco\" were assigned by farmers to the species in the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso, where \"cará\" and \"cará mimoso\" were allocated to farmers of Santa Catarina. The names \"cará roxo\" and \"cará\" were also awarded to two accessions from the Amazon. Besides these, several other names for the species were found, but with low frequency. In the morphological characterization, the skin and flesh color were the most relevant traits for the distinction of accessions. The polymorphism level between the accessions was high, 95% for SSR and 76% for ISSR. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and the results obtained in the cluster analysis, principal coordinates and Bayesian analyses for ISSR and SSR markers, separated the accessions into three main groups: I - accessions from Ubatuba-SP; II - accessions from Iguape-SP and Santa Catarina; III - accessions from Mato Grosso. The accessions from Amazonas ranged their position according to the genomic region analyzed. The majority of genetic diversity was observed within groups (66.5% and 60.6% for ISSR and SSR, respectively), although differences between groups was of considerable magnitude, showing the structure of the accessions according to their origin, which was confirmed by correlation between genetic and geographic distances of accessions. Therefore, the results obtained for the SSR and ISSR markers showed that the genetic diversity of accessions of D. trifida maintained by small traditional farmers in Brazil is slightly structured in the geographic area sampled. These results may help in developing conservation strategies for the species, both ex situ and in situ, within the vision of on farm conservation.
Focchezatto, Joana. "Caracterização citogenética e molecular de três espécies de Gelasine (Iridaceae) ocorrentes no sul do Brasil : Gelasine elongata, G. coerulea e G. uruguaiensis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131952.
Full textGelasine Herb. (Tigridieae: Iridaceae) comprises seven native species from South America, three of them are found in Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil): G. coerulea (Vell.) Ravenna, G. elongata (Graham) Ravenna and G. uruguaiensis Ravenna. These species are bulbous plants with plicate leaves and blue or violet perfect flowers which are composed of two unequal groups of tepals. Gelasine elongata and G. coerulea are included in the list of endangered species from RS, the first one is considered endangered and the latter, critically endangered. Notwithstanding its current vulnerability status, Gelasine is still a poorly studied genus and genetic variability and diversity information concerning its species are lacking. Cytogenetic data are also scarce. Thus the present dissertation aims to characterize the three Gelasine species occurring in Southern Brazil regarding its molecular and cytogenetic aspects in addition to understand their relationships. To characterize their genetic diversity, two populations of G. coerulea and two of G. elongata were used; it was not possible to investigate G. uruguaiensis due to its restricted number of individuals. DNA samples were obtained from leaves of the aforementioned species and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) technique was employed. Fourty-four ISSR primers were tested, 12 of these presented good amplification pattern which generated a total of 97 loci. The number of bands per primer had an average of 7.5. The present study resulted in novelty data for Gelasine concerning its inter and intrapopulation genetic variability. The results indicate a very low intrapopulation genetic variation and most of the diversity found in these species occurred among their populations. No significant correlation was verified between geographical distances of populations. Such results indicate that reproductive system, seed dispersal mechanisms and presence of clonal descendants generated from divisions of subterranean bulbs are factors that greatly influence in diversity. For cytogenetic characterization of the species, conventional staining and CMA/DAPI banding were employed and chromosome measurements were made. Also, genome size was estimated through flow cytometry using fresh leaves from the three species. Cytogenetic analyses were very efficient to differentiate all investigated species of Gelasine. Gelasine coerulea and G. uruguaiensis have the same basic and somatic chromosome number (2n = 2x = 14); polyploid cytotypes were not found. Both species display fairly symmetric karyotypes, however they are very distinct with respect to chromosome sizes and banding patterns, with a great variation in the occurrence and distribution of repetitive DNA sequences (CMA/DAPI bands). DNA content also allows clear differentiation of these species; G. coerulea has 2C = 11,30 pg and G. uruguaiensis has 2C = 16,88 pg. Gelasine elongata has a different base chromosome number than both former species (2n = 2x = 12) and a clearly bimodal karyotype. Its chromosomes are smaller which, consequently, reflects on the smaller genome size (2C = 3,45 pg). Furthermore, its CMA/DAPI band pattern is markedly simpler than the ones from the other two species, where the largest chromosome pair (pair I) contains the only CMA+ bands present in the secondary constriction region. Data obtained from G. elongata points out a larger resemblance between this species and two others belonging to Eleuthenine (2n = 2x = 12), which supports the phylogenetic data where G. elongata is separate from G. coerulea and groups with Eleutherine. Chromosome heteromorphism was not observed in Gelasine elongata nor in the two other investigated species, even though it had been reported for the first one. Data obtained from Gelasine with the use of CMA and DAPI fluorochromes, along with the other cytogenetic parameters investigated, allowed clear differentiation between species. Allied to a phylogenetic approach, these results can bring better understanding to the relations between these species and their evolution.
Gonçalves, Tatiane de Oliveira. "Diversidade e estrutura genética de populações de batata da serra (Ipomoea serrana Sim.-Bianch. & L.V. Vasconcelos) da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, utilizando marcadores ISSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-17062016-104725/.
Full textbatata-da-serra, Ipomoea serrana Sim.-Bianchi. & L.V. Vasconcelos, is an endemic liana from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, whose tuberous roots have been consumed by human populations for many years. Although the species, classified as vulnerable by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), is subject to anthropic pressure due to the exploration of tuberous roots for food consumption, few studies have been conducted on the species, which is why it is of great importance to know the diversity and genetic structure of the species. Studies on genetic diversity and structure with molecular markers are important for providing data on the impacts of anthropogenic exploitation and can be useful for the species management and conservation. Five populations of Chapada Diamantina, consisting a total of 142 individuals were studied with four ISSR primers, resulting in 34 bands, 25 of which were polymorphic. The genetic diversity analysis showed that populations have a moderate variability, with 73.8% of polymorphic bands, Nei\'s unbiased gene diversity (He) was 0.264; Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.389, average values. Most of the variation was within populations (77%), as estimated by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), whereas the variation between populations was 23% of the total, which corroborated the results of program Structure, principal co-ordinate analysis (PcoA) and cluster analyses, using the Neighbor-Joining method, and the dissimilarity coefficient of Jaccard. The Bayesian analysis separated the individuals into four groups, with populations Andarai and Capao allocated into different groups, while the other three populations shared individuals in two other groups. Considering the pioneering characteristic of this study at the molecular level, it represents the first step towards the knowledge on the genetic diversity of the species. Future studies will increase the knowledge on the genetics of the species and may provide subsidy for the development of a management plan for a species that has been explored in the region.
ALMEIDA, Clébia Maria Alves de. "Diversidade genética em populações de Aechmea fulgens Brongn. (Bromeliaceae) em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica em Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6204.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Habitats fragmentation is the greatest cause of biodiversity erosion in tropical forests among the anthropic action. Due to the high degree of fragmentation and the isolation of the remaining Atlantic forest, many populations are being extinguished locally while others are suffering losses of its genetic variability. The Bromeliaceae family has a great variety of tropical ornamental species. Eleven species of the Aechmea genus occur in the State of Pernambuco, and although it is of great economic and ecological importance, there has been few studies on its genetic diversity. Aechmea fulgens is a native Atlantic forest species, which natural populations may be suffering losses on the genetic variability. Plants genetic diversity may be estimated in many ways. Modern techniques on molecular biology allow observing the polymorphism directly on the organism genic sequence. Molecular markers broaden the horizons on researches for the conservation of species and have been widely used to monitor the genetic variability. Among many molecular markers available, SSR and ISSR are relevant. With the of aim evaluating the degree of genic diversity on Aechmea fulgens populations, providing from three different fragments of Atlantic forest in Pernambuco, SSR and ISSR markers were used. Twelve pairs of microsatellites oligonucleotides developed for Tillandsia, Guzmania and Pictairnia bromeliad genera were tested. From these, only five pairs had polymorphism, showing transference of these primers to the Aechmea gender. Twenty ISSR oligonucleotides were used to amplify Aechmea fulgens sample, from which eight primers that had the most consistent polymorphism. The analysis on variance results revealed greater differences inside populations than among them. The results suggest that both markers may be used for genetic variability evaluation, contributing for the success of future studies and species conservation programs.
A fragmentação de habitats é a maior causa da erosão da biodiversidade nas florestas tropicais junto com a ação antrópica. Devido ao alto grau de fragmentação e ao isolamento dos remanescentes atuais da floresta atlântica, várias populações estão se extinguindo localmente e outras sofrendo perda de sua variabilidade genética. A família Bromeliaceae inclui uma grande variedade de espécies ornamentais tropicais. O gênero Aechmea tem significativa representatividade no Estado de Pernambuco, onde ocorrem onze espécies e, apesar de sua grande importância ecológica e econômica, existem poucos estudos sobre sua diversidade genética. Aechmea fulgens é uma especie nativa da Mata Atlântica, cujas populações naturais podem estar sofrendo perda de sua variabilidade genética. A diversidade genética em plantas pode ser estimada de várias maneiras. As modernas técnicas de biologia molecular permitem a observação de polimorfismo diretamente na seqüência gênica de organismos. Os marcadores moleculares abriram novas perspectivas para pesquisas em conservação de espécies e têm sido amplamente utilizados no monitoramento da variabilidade genética. Dentre os diversos marcadores moleculares disponíveis atualmente, destacam-se as seqüências simples repetidas (SSR) e repetições entre seqüências simples (ISSR). Com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de diversidade genética de populações de Aechmea fulgens (Brongn.) provenientes de três fragmentos distintos da mata atlântica de Pernambuco, foram utilizados marcadores SSR e ISSR. Um total de 12 pares de oligonucleotídeos de microssatélites, desenvolvidos para bromeliáceas dos gêneros Tillandsia, Guzmania e Pitcairnia foram testados. Desse total apenas cinco pares apresentaram polimorfismo demonstrando a transferência desses primers para o gênero Aechmea. Adicionalmente, 20 oligonucleotídeos ISSR foram utilizados para amplificar as amostras de A. fulgens, tendo sido selecionados oito primers por apresentarem polimorfismo mais consistente. Os resultados das análises de variância revelaram que a maior divergência esteve presente dentro das populações do que entre elas. Os resultados sugerem que os dois tipos de marcadores são adequados para a avaliação da variabilidade genética, colaborando para o sucesso de futuros estudos e programas de conservação dessa espécie.
Cidade, Fernanda Witt. "Análise da variabilidade genética de Paspalum Notatum Flugge (Poaceae, Panicoideae) com o uso de marcadores moleculares, morfológicos e citometria de fluxo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7701.
Full textThe genus Paspalum L. comprises approximately 400 species worldwide and about 220 in Brazil. Paspalum is ecologically and economically important, and has been very useful as pasture and Paspalum notatum Flügge (bahiagrass) is a valuable forage grass in the subtropics. This species consists of several sexual (diploid) and apomictic (tetraploid, ocasionally tri and pentaploids) biotypes. In this work, inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were used to assess the genetic variability of a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) collection. Vegetative tissues of 95 bahiagrass accessions were obtained from various locations in South America (Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay). A total of 91 reproducible ISSR fragments were observed and eighty nine fragments (97.5% of the total observed) were polymorphic. Cluster analyses (UPGMA) were performed from the ISSR data set and the results illustrate the genetic relationships among the 95 accessions of Paspalum notatum. A comparison among molecular, morphological and ploidy levels data were done. ISSR markers were effective in distinguishing the genotypes analyzed, and a wide variability was observed for this species. These results add new information regarding the genetic diversity in Paspalum notatum, thus contributing towards the biological knowledge of this species, and providing with subsides for future plant breeding and conservation programs.
Souza, Silmara Chaves de. "Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular da coleção de germoplasma de sisal da Embrapa Algodão." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2766.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Knowledge of the genetic diversity available in the sisal germplasm collection is essential for breeding programs, so it is imperative to obtain as much information as the characteristics related to the species. Morphoagronomic and molecular data when analyzed mainly together are determinants for studies of genetic divergence between accessions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence present in the Agave accessions of the Embrapa Cotton Germplasm Active Collection by means of morphoagronomic and molecular data. Thirty-seven Agave accessions were kept in the experimental field in Monteiro-PB and the following characteristics were evaluated: leaf number (NFO), plant height (ALT), leaf length (CFO), leaf weight , Dry weight (PFIF), dry fiber weight (PFIS), fiber length (CFI), presence of border spikes (PEB), tillering (PF) and resistance to folding (DR). Ten ISSR (Inter Sample Sequence Repeat) oligonucleotides were used for molecular analyzes. The data were interpreted as qualiquantitative for the morphoagronomic and qualitative binary characters for the molecular markers. The agronomic data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means comparison was done by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The dissimilarity measurements were obtained by Gower distance for the morphoagronomic data and by the Jaccard coefficient for the molecular data. The sum of the matrices of dissimilarity of the morphoagronomic and molecular data was made; and the grouping was done by the hierarchical UPGMA method and Tocher optimization. The agronomic characteristics presented high genetic variability among the sisal accessions. IAC accesses were the ones that presented the least distance between them, indicating a possible narrow genetic base and high degree of kinship. Hybrids Kenya and RN as the most similar accesses and the access Tatuí 2 the most divergent, being indicated for possible crossings. The results obtained in this study will support the crop improvement program, which may allow the appearance of superior materials.
O conhecimento da diversidade genética disponível na coleção de germoplasma de sisal é fundamental para os programas de melhoramento, para tanto é imprescindível se obter o máximo de informações quanto às características relacionadas à espécie. Dados morfoagronômicos e moleculares quando analisados principalmente em conjunto são determinantes para estudos de divergência genética entre acessos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a divergência genética presente nos acessos de Agave da Coleção Ativa de Germoplasma da Embrapa Algodão por meio de dados morfoagronômicos e moleculares. Trinta e sete acessos de Agave são mantidos no campo experimental em Monteiro-PB e foram avaliadas quanto as seguintes características: número de folhas (NFO), altura da planta (ALT), comprimento de folha (CFO), peso da folha (PFO), peso da mucilagem fresca (PMF), peso da mucilagem seca (PMS), peso da fibra fresca (PFIF), peso da fibra seca (PFIS), comprimento da fibra (CFI), presença de espinhos nas bordas (PEB), perfilhamento (PF) e resistência ao dobramento (RD). Dez oligonucleotídeos ISSR (Inter Sample Sequence Repeat) foram utilizados para as análises moleculares. Os dados foram interpretados como qualiquantitativos para os caracteres morfoagronômicos e qualitativos binários para os marcadores moleculares. Os dados agronômicos foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação de médias foi feita pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. As medidas de dissimilaridade foram obtidas por meio da distância de Gower para os dados morfoagronômicos e pelo coeficiente de Jaccard para os dados moleculares. Foi feita a soma das matrizes de dissimilaridade dos dados morfoagronômicos e moleculares; e o agrupamento foi feito pelo método hierárquico UPGMA e de otimização de Tocher. As características agronômicas apresentaram elevada variabilidade genética entre os acessos de sisal. Os acessos IAC foram os que apresentaram menor distância entre si, indicando possível base genética estreita e alto grau de parentesco. Os Híbridos Quênia e RN como os acessos mais similares e o acesso Tatuí 2 o mais divergente, sendo indicados para possíveis cruzamentos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo darão suporte ao programa de melhoramento da cultura, podendo possibilitar o aparecimento de materiais superiores.
Rodrigues, Jucelene Fernandes. "Delimitação de espécies e diversidade genética no complexo Cattleya coccinea Lindl. e C. mantiqueirae (Fowlie) van den Berg (Orchidaceae) baseada em marcadores moleculares ISSR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-10022011-135933/.
Full textOrchids represent the largest family of monocots, with great diversity of species in Brazil. These plants are generally allogamous and bear sofisticated mechanisms to avoid self-pollination. Insects are by far the most common pollinators, but birds (i.e hummingbirds) may also be important. Within Cattleya, the species C. coccinea and C. mantiqueirae have been distinguished by morphological characters, geographical distribution and flowering period. Such criteria, however, do not allow a clear identification of species, since many specimens show intermediate morphological and phenological variation. The goal of this study is to contribute to the understanding of taxonomical and evolutionary aspects of Brazilian orchids, especially within the genus Cattleya. In order to achieve that I revised current species limits within the C. coccinea-C. mantiqueirae species complex. The study was based on phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses among and within populations considering ISSR molecular markers. Six populations from Southeastern Brazil were considered. I tested 20 ISSR primers, of which 13 were used in this study. Presence/absence of fragments visualized in agarose gels were used to built a binary matrix. The analyses considered 173 individuals and 295 caracters (fragments). Phylogenetic analyses were performed according to distance (neigbor-joining) and parsimony criteria. According to the results, the species C. coccinea and C. mantiqueirae do not constitute monophyletic groups and, therefore, cannot be recognized as distinct according to the phylogenetic species criterion. Also the C. coccinea-C. mantiqueirae species complex is paraphyletic considering the closely related species C. brevipedunculata (from Serra do Espinhaço) and C. wittigiana (from Espírito Santo State). The population of Lima Duarte/MG is phylogenetically more closely related to such species than to other populations of C. coccinea and C. mantiqueirae. On the other hand, the studied populations comprise strong monophyletic groups. Population genetics analyses agree with phylogenetic results. All populations show low diversity indices among individuals. Also, the greatest portion of genetic diversity was found between populations. Orchids belonging to the C. coccinea-C. mantiqueirae species complex are high ornamental species, with great anthropogenic pressure. For this reason this study was important to allow conservation strategies to maintain and monitor genetic and morphological diversity of populations.
蕭逸文. "Genotyping of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh based on ISSR molecular markers." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01126818990881834249.
Full textTsao, Yen-Chi, and 曹雁琪. "Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Bulbous Flowers by ISSR Molecular Markers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nhf378.
Full textBatista, Cláudia Maria Alves. "Traceability of Portuguese white musts through molecular markers." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/2089.
Full textO continente Europeu reúne várias regiões vitivinícolas importantes possuindo uma longa história e tradição na área vitivinícola. Mundialmente, existem cerca de 16 000 variedades de Vitis vinifera L. Em Portugal a viticultura é extremamente rica em termos de recursos genéticos, com cerca de 300 variedades utilizadas na produção de vinho. A qualidade final de determinado vinho está intimamente correlacionada com as características intrínsecas encontradas nas variedades utilizadas na sua produção. Os vinhos monovarietais definem-se como sendo produzidos utilizando uma única variedade, no entanto, a adição de outras variedades são permitidas em percentagens definidas por lei. Este facto associado à inexistência de metodologias para detecção e quantificação varietal em mostos e vinhos podem conduzir a práticas fraudulentas. Para garantir a qualidade e autenticidade dos mostos/vinhos, é importante desenvolver metodologias adequadas para a detecção e identificação das variedades de videiras usadas na sua produção. Os objectivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver um método de extracção de ADN a partir de mostos e avaliar o uso de marcadores moleculares como os SSRs e os ISSRs na identificação varietal. Para este estudo foram escolhidas seis variedades brancas portuguesas (‘Alvarinho’, ‘Fernão Pires’, ‘Loureiro’, ‘Malvasia Fina’, ‘Moscatel Galego’ e ‘Viosinho’), considerando-se amostras de folhas e mostos monovarietais. O protocolo de extracção do ADN foi optimizado para os mostos. Os resultados mostraram que o ADN genómico obtido a partir de folhas e mostos monovarietais era amplificável utilizando marcadores moleculares do tipo SSRs e ISSRs. Foram seleccionados seis primers nucleares de SSRs, considerados como marcadores universais num projecto europeu, para a genotipagem da videira. A análise do dendrograma mostrou que todas as amostras (considerando o binómio folha/mosto) apresentavam o mesmo perfil para todos os SSRs estudados revelando uma similaridade genética de 1,00. Na totalidade, foram detectados 32 alelos, com uma média de 5,3 alelos por primer. Para as seis variedades analisadas, o marcador VVMD27 foi o mais discriminatório. Seleccionaram-se 14 primers ISSRs para caracterizar as seis variedades de videira escolhidas considerando folhas e mostos monovarietais. Os produtos amplificados foram utilizados para avaliar a reprodutibilidade e o nível de polimorfismo. Todos os primers ISSRs apresentaram bandas polimórficas. O dendrograma, obtido utilizando o coeficiente SM, apresentou dois grupos principais embora não tenha sido possível encontrar uma correspondência entre as folhas e os mostos. Ambas as metodologias utilizadas foram capazes de caracterizar as variedades estudadas, embora os resultados obtidos com os marcadores moleculares SSRs tivessem sido inequívocos quando comparados com os encontrados para os ISSRs. O presente estudo demonstrou que é possível utilizando métodos baseados no ADN (marcadores SSRs) fazer uma correcta identificação varietal e que esta metodologia poderá ser utilizada no controle de qualidade, certificação e rastreabilidade do mosto protegendo os consumidores contra falsificações e assim promover um comércio justo entre pares.
Europe assembles several vitiviniculture important regions, with an old history and tradition in this area. Worldwide, there are about 16 000 Vitis vinifera L. varieties. Portugal’s viticulture is exceptionally rich in what concerns genetic resources, having approximately 300 varieties used in wine production. Wine quality is highly correlated with intrinsic characteristics specific of the varieties used in its production. Monovarietal wines are defined as made from a unique variety, nevertheless, the addition of other varieties is allowed under legally defined percentages. This fact associated with the nonexistence of methodologies for varietal detection and quantification in musts and wines may lead to fraudulent practices. To assure must/wine quality and authenticity it is important to develop suitable methodologies for grapevine varieties detection and identification in these matrices. The aims of this study were to develop a technique for DNA extraction from musts and to evaluate the potential use of SSRs and ISSRs markers in must varietal identification. Six Portuguese white varieties (‘Alvarinho’, ‘Fernão Pires’, ‘Loureiro’, ‘Malvasia Fina’, ‘Moscatel Galego’ and ‘Viosinho’), considering leaf and monovarietal must, were chosen for this study. A DNA extraction protocol was optimized for must. Results showed that genomic DNA obtained from leaves and monovarietal must samples was suitable for SSR and ISSR amplification. Six nuclear primers, considered as universal markers for grapevine genotyping were chosen. Dendrogram resulting from UPGMA analyses revealed that all leaf and must samples have exactly the same profile for all SSR studied revealing a genetic similarity of 1.00. A total of 32 alleles were detected, with an average of 5.3 alleles per primer. For the six varieties analyzed, the most discriminatory marker was VVMD27. Fourteen ISSR primers were selected to characterize six white grape varieties considering both leaf and monovarietal must samples. Amplified products were used to evaluate the reproducibility and the level of polymorphism. All ISSR primers showed a high number of polymorphic bands. The dendrogram obtained using SM coefficient presented two main clusters although there was not a correspondence between leaf and monovarietal must samples. Both DNA typing based methodologies were able to distinguish between the varieties studied although the results obtained with SSR molecular markers were unambiguous when compared with the ones found for ISSR markers. The current study showed that it may be possible to use DNA fingerprinting (SSR) for must varietal identification and this type of markers may be used for quality control, certification and traceability purposes protecting consumers against misleading information and promoting a fair trade.
Chen, Chun-I., and 陳鈞宜. "Molecular Markers Derived from ISSR Analysis forIdentification of Axonopus compressus and Axonopus affinis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e55u92.
Full text嘉南藥理大學
生物科技系
102
Axonopus compressus (Swarty) Beauv. and Axonopus affinis Chase have been introduced to Taiwan for many years. The climatic conditions and distribution regions of these two carpet grasses are similar. A. compressus in some circumstances, such as dry, shady conditions, produces long comparatively narrow leaves, little different superficially from A. affinis. ISSR molecular marker is effective and convenient way to identify species. It is the use of simple sequence repeats(SSR) as a primer prevalent in eukaryotic genomes amplifying DNA fragment polymorphism for assessing Phylogenetic relationships among species. This study applies 10 ISSR primers to identify two suspected carpet grasses species( Axonopus compressus. and Axonopus affinis.) The experimental results show that primers UBC812、UBC825、UBC827、UBC841、UBC850 and UBC889 can identify two tested carpet grasses effectively. The results of this study prove that the ISSR method can identify the easily confused species, and therefore the method of traditional identification can be replaced by the ISSR method. Consequently, the ISSR method provides a better way to solve the problems of commercial dispute due to species identification.
Chen, Shu-I., and 陳樹義. "Study on Genetic Diversity of Zanthoxylum simulans Population by Using ISSR Molecular Markers." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9uwbwn.
Full text國立嘉義大學
森林暨自然資源研究所
97
【Abstract】 Zanthoxylum simulans Hance, which grows in central coast and low-altitude areas of Taiwan, is one of the species of Zanthoxylum L., Rutaceae. Z. simulans plants are surveyed and listed as endangered species. the genetic diversity of Z. simulans and its geographic connections. This study employs a simple application of repetitive sequences (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, ISSR) molecular fingerprint technology, collecting a total of 114 plant samples from seven different areas, such as Houlong Dashan、Dongming、Sinfong、Taichung and Kinmen seven areas a total of 114 wood samples , the application of the ISSR Molecular fingerprinting technology, used a total of 8 ISSR primers for PCR testing, access to more than 54 of them with a type of article 47. Molecular variant (AMOVA) of the component of variant among populations was 22.67% (p <0.001), the ethnic composition of samples variant is 77.33% (p <0.001), major components of population genetic variation across populations from within. POPGENE analysis of the results of ethnic groups with higher value of diversity (H for 0.3588) and low value of genetic differentiation index (Gst to 0.2472), and lower gene flow (Nm to 1.5224), this phenomenon shows that ethnic group gene flow constraints, and the high of gene diversity and differentiation of the genetic structure to the main group and the coordinates of the outcome, for different ethnic groups around the performance of fertility and environmental impact. Genetic variation for matrix groups and geographical distance matrix correlation test results showed that sub-group variation of pepper and the significant differences in geographical distance (r = 0.9113, p = 0.0264 *). Ethnic group to the genetic variation of the coordinates of the main results of the analysis can be divided into groups and Hsinfeng Kinmen, Taichung Tachia, mountains Houlong and Houlong Dongming 2 large, the performance of different ethnic groups all over the habitat of the impact of the environment. At present, all countries for rare and endangered species of plants, always in situ conservation and ex situ conservation-based parallel approach to resource management.
Wang, Wan-Ling, and 王婉伶. "Phylogenetic Relationships of Pomegranate Accessions by Using rDNA ITS, RAPD and ISSR Molecular Markers." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32408601349252427847.
Full text國立嘉義大學
園藝學系研究所
94
In order to establish pomegranate cultivation in Taiwan, selected pomegranate lines which were introduced from Mainland China, Singapore and United States, had been assayed for their growth and physiological characteristics, phylogenetic relation by contents of polyphenolic compounds, ITS sequence of rDNA, ISSR and RAPD markers. The investigation was performed using four large-fruited lines of three-year-old plants. Gradual increase of the fresh fruit weight, width, length, and volume was observed during the experimental period. Twenty days post-fruit setting, fruits grew more in width than in length. Thirty days post-fruit setting, its pericarp weight was greater than seed weight. However, fifty days post-fruit setting, the seed weight was greater than the pericarp weight. The result showed that four pomegranate lines with different shapes were affected mainly by genetic components. On the other hand, soluble solid contents increased but accompanied decrease in acidity during fruit development. At hundred days post-fruit setting, soluble solid juice contents of A-01 and B-02 lines were reached the maximum. For the period of maximal full bloom, A-01 and A-02 lines flowered approximately at September whereas B-01 and B-02 lines reached in December. The analysis of fruit setting percentage, quality, yield and full bloom suggests that pomegranate will be harvested for marketing and breeding at hundred day post-fruit setting. Polyphenol contents of pericarp from 31.8% to 45.6% were measured by HPLC. B-01 line had the highest content among 4 Singapore lines. Based on cluster analysis of polyphenol data, five pomegranate lines could be divided into two groups: one group included A-02, B-01 and B-02, the others were A-01 and the commercial fruit line. To use the molecular technology to differential these accessions, sequence analysis of 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) in eight samples of five lines. It showed no differences among 5 lines. In RAPD analysis twenty-four polymorphic bands were amplified by six primers, The polymorphism rate was 28.37%. A clone-specific band was only found in Singapore lines. Using UPGMA clustering analysis of RAPD polymorphic bands, the pomegranate could be divided into five groups with their similarities of 71%. Although many polymorphic bands were produced amongst different lines none showed any correlation with fruit color or growth characters. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of Nei/Li's and Jaccard's similarity coefficient of RAPD was 0.995. Dinucleotides motif: (GA)n sequence presented major variations in pomegranate genome through ISSR analysis. Based on UPGMA clustering analysis of ISSR polymorphic bands, the pomegranate could be divided into three groups with their similarities of 87% to 88%. Pomegranate lines of 3 origins could be distinguished by seven polymorphic bands. The result of ISSR clustering analysis coincided with the origins of pomegranate lines. The cophenetic correlation coefficients of RAPD and ISSR were 0.467 and 0.351, respectively. It suggested that two molecular markers could be used in identifying part of pomegranate lines. Key words: Pomegranate; Flowering; Fruit growth and development; polyphenolic compounds; ITS; RAPD; ISSR; Similarity; Identification
Chen, Yu-Ping, and 陳愉萍. "Study on population diversity of medicinal fungus Sanghuangporus sanghuang by using ISSR molecular markers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84661306094209215138.
Full textChang, Chi-Feng, and 張淇鋒. "Taxonomy of Celtis (Ulmaceae) in Taiwan Based on Leaf Morphologies, ITS and ISSR Molecular Markers." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5f2yme.
Full text國立嘉義大學
森林暨自然資源研究所
97
【Abstract】 Hackberry plant (Celtis L.) is subordinated to Ulmaceae. The identification of these species are difficult because of the similarity of leaf appearance. This study examined the morphological characters of leaves, and both ITS (internal transcribed spacer in rDNA) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) molecular markers to differentiate the species in Celtis. From 27 nature sites in Taiwan totally 192 samples were collected, and 13 leaf characteristics were measured, then via UPGMA to build the phylogenetic tree. The results showed that Celtis nervosa, C. biondii and C. philippensis were distinctly classified into three groups, and closer relationship existed between C. sinensis and C. formosana. In ITS experiment, cloning and amplifying the 5.8 rDNA, then using MP and NJ to proceed series analysis and affinity pedigree were built. It’s also concluded that the taxonomy of C. sinensis and C. formosana were more closer. Otherwise, using ISSR to analysis genetic variation of C. sinensis and C. formosana, testing ISSR primers by PCR, and there were 9 pairs of primers selected in genetic analysis. After all, the genetic distance between species were calculated, and the dendrogram were erected by UPGMA. The results showed that among the 71 bands, 51 were polymorphic (71.8 %). The POPGENE showed that Gst of C. sinensis and C. formosana up was to 0.3814, and the Nm was 0.8110, revealed that the obvious differentiation between C. sinensis and C. formosana. The AMOVA refered to interspecific exchange were 57.38 % (p <0.0001), and the intraspecific exchange were 42.62 % (p<0.0001), it showed that the probability of gene exchange were low, the interspecific exchange were the main factor for variation. Mantel test was used to examine the relationship of elevation and heredity between C. sinensis and C. formosana, the result showed highly significant (r = 0.33841,P = 0.0000), and the genetic variation connected to elevation. It is possible that the elevation difference brought about ecotype and differentiation, then accelerated the speciation. Based on these results, that the hackberry plants in Taiwan could be divide into five species, C. sinensis, C. formosana, C. nervosa, C. biondii and C. philippensis.
LI, I.-YING, and 李宜穎. "Molecular Markers Derived from ISSR Analysis for the Characterization of the Different Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata Samples." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62yn9k.
Full text嘉南藥理大學
生物科技系
103
Cinnamomum kanehirae is an endemically important species in Taiwan belonging to Lauraceae. C. kanehirae can not only do wood craving but extract oil essential. In recent years, C. kanehirae is used to cultivate Antrodia cinnamomea. It is said that A. cinnamomea can cure liver disease. Because of the increasing demand of A. cinnamomea, C. kanehirae is felled unlawfully and be listed as endangered species. This study aims to identify, classify the genetic diversity of C. kanehirae by using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR). In the present study, we attempted to obtain ISSR molecular markers by 20 primers. Twenty samples from different areas were collected and resulted in a total of 131 bands. Among them, 93 bands were polymorphic (70.1%). The similarity coefficients were between 0.69 and 0.96. Cluster analysis by UPGMA method showed that 20 samples of C. kanehirae could be divided to 11 groups based on similarity coefficient with 0.83 as the critical point.
CHIH, HSU CHENG, and 許絾綕. "Using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers analyze genetic variation of Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr. population in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44665607320414358565.
Full text亞洲大學
保健營養生技學系碩士班
96
Bletilla formosana (Hayata) Schltr., with medicinal and ornamental value, is a unique Orchidaceae plant in Taiwan. It is in the same genus with Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f., a commonly known Chinese medicine. Genetic makers of RAPD and ISSR were used to analyze different species in Bletilla genus and plants of B. formosana collected from different regions in Taiwan. Species of B. striata, B.ochracea and 20 plant samples of B. fomosana (Hayata) Schltr. collected form different regions of Taiwan were used in this study. A total 18 primers was selected by its high reproduction from 80 pairs of RAPD primers and 100 pairs of ISSR primers for the consecutive experimens. A total of 165 molecular markers was detected, of them, 161 markers were polymorphic by using 12 pairs of RAPD primers. A total of 90 molecular markers, of them, 83 markers were polymorphic by using the 6 pairs of ISSR primers. All RAPD msrkers were found unique to distinguish among Bletilla. genus species used in this study. However, only ISSR markers were able to reveal differences of class under B. formosana species. A unwighted pair-group mean arithmetical (UPGMA) analysis based on RAPD and ISSR bands from 25 tested samples for genetic similarity among detected samples was conducted The phylogenetic tree showed that genetic differences among ethnic groups of B. formosans (Hayata) Schltr. f. kotoensis (Hayata) T. P. Lin may related with the geographical segregation. The results from this study may provide not only unique markers for identification species among Bletilla genus but also provide useful genetic information for breeding new varieties of B. frommosana.
Chuang, Hua-Ting, and 莊畫婷. "Identification of some species in the genus Phalaenopsis to Taiwan and Philippine by using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78572944895998685097.
Full text國立嘉義大學
農學研究所
91
These collected plants were observed to discriminate their differences by morphology among Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana, Phal. amabilis, and Phal. aphrodite. The leafy characteristics among three groups were not different, but the midlobe characteristics of flower lips of Phal. amabilis, Phal. aphrodite and Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana are cruciform, broadly triangular and like broadly triangular or between cruciform and broadly triangular, respectively. The flower lip of Phal. amabilis has a pair of divergent teeth, and Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana or Phal. aphrodite has two pairs of sunparallel teeth, the callus of flower lip of Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana is similar to it of Phal. aphrodite. Eleven collected Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana plants that are native in Taiwan and 17 collected plants that native in Philippine and belong to Phal. amabilis, Phal. aphrodite, Phal. sanderiana, Phal. schilleriana, or Phal. stuartiana. Were used for PCR amplification using RAPD and ISSR primers. Twelve 10-mer primers selected from 200 RAPD primers and 3 primers selected from 100 ISSR primers were used to assess genetic variation and interrelationships among the species in section Phalaenopsis. The average number of amplified RAPD fragments was 7.9 bands/primer, of which 6.2 (77.4%) bands were polymorphic. Average number of ISSR fragments was 16.7 bands/primer, of which 14.3 (87.5%) were polymorphic. The 710 bp band amplified by the primer UBC345 was absent in native Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana. In contrast, the 450 bp band by UBC430 primer and the 1,800bp band by UBC827 primer are unique in Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana. UPGMA analysis was performed and dendrograms were constructed using the data from RAPD, it showed that the similarity values between Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana and Phal. amabilis, and between Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana and Phal. aphrodite were 73 and 75%, respectively. As well as, using the data from ISSR the similarity value were 63 and 71%, respectively. Cluster analysis combining RAPD and ISSR data indicated 6 groups, the cluster of Phal. aphrodite subsp. formosana appeared different from Phal. amabilis and Phal. aphrodite that the results was consistent with conventional taxonomy based on Sweet’s morphological characteristics.
Vicente, Sara Filipa da Silva Lucas Sousa. "Assessment of genetic variability in the exotic invasive species Acacia longifolia using molecular markers." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25957.
Full textAcacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd. é uma leguminosa arbórea com capacidade para fixar azoto atmosférico, proveniente do sudoeste da Austrália e da Tasmânia. Conhecida como “acacia-deespigas” devido a sua característica flor amarela alongada, esta espécie foi trazida para Portugal pelos serviços florestais de forma a conservar e fixar as dunas da Costa Portuguesa. A sua plantação começou no final do seculo XIX e estendeu-se a vários locais do pais, como as dunas de São Jacinto (a norte de Aveiro), o sistema dunar de Quiaios-Mira (Figueira da Foz) e a costa Vicentina, nomeadamente Vila Nova de Milfontes (Odemira). Contudo, A. longifolia rapidamente se espalhou pelo território Português, competindo com as plantas nativas por recursos, tais como água, luz solar e nutrientes. O sucesso desta espécie foi tal que atualmente constitui uma ameaça à diversidade das espécies nativas e ao funcionamento dos ecossistemas, o que levou a classificação de A. Longifólia como invasora em Portugal. Vários estudos têm sido realizados nas áreas da ecologia, fisiologia e fenologia, os quais demonstraram que indivíduos desta espécie têm um comportamento diferente consoante o ambiente em que estão inseridos, evidenciando uma grande plasticidade e adaptação, características que poderão ser potenciadoras do processo invasor. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre esta espécie ao nível molecular, e em particular sobre a sua diversidade genética. Neste trabalho, tínhamos como objectivo estudar a diversidade genética de A. longifolia em diferentes regiões da costa Portuguesa com um clima e uma gestão florestal diferentes, bem como na região de Vila nova de Milfontes onde pelo registo histórico foi possível identificar os indivíduos originalmente plantados entre 1960/1970 pelos serviços florestais. Para tal, foram recolhidos filódios de A. longifolia em três locais: 25 amostras em Osso da Baleia (Pombal), 25 em Pinheiro da Cruz (Setúbal) e 39 em Vila Nova de Milfontes, onde neste último se procedeu a um estudo mais pormenorizado que incluiu 14 novas amostras. O estudo genético teve como base dois tipos de marcadores moleculares: ISSRs (inter-simple sequence repeats) e SSRs (simple sequence repeats) ou microssatelites. O DNA foi extraído a partir dos filódios pelo método de CTAB (brometo de cetiltrimetilamonio) e precipitado com etanol frio. Após confirmação da qualidade do DNA, foram avaliados os polimorfismos moleculares através de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) pela amplificação iniciada com diversos primers (iniciadores) de ISSRs e microssatélites. Foram testados 31 primers de ISSRs, sendo 16 selecionados para o estudo nos três locais do pais e 11 selecionados para o estudo detalhado de Vila Nova de Milfontes. Com os microssatélites, testaram-se 11 pares de primers, sendo selecionados 3 para a análise final: os que amplificavam os loci DCLOC, CPUH4 e APZIZ. No caso dos ISSRs, os resultados foram visualizados em gel de agarose 2%, enquanto que para os microssatélites os primers foram marcados com sondas fluorescentes. Após amplificação por PCR, a electroforese capilar (STAB Vida) gerou resultados finais na forma de electroferogramas. A análise dos resultados originou matrizes binárias (preenchidas com 0 e 1) para os ISSRs e matrizes de alelos amplificados para os microssatélites, que foram posteriormente analisadas com softwares de forma a calcular os parâmetros descritivos e o índice de fixação de Wright (FST) para comparação entre os locais de recolha das amostras. A análise com ISSRs das três localidades do país gerou 275 bandas no total, das quais 258 são polimórficas (94%), enquanto que a análise de Vila Nova de Milfontes gerou 137 bandas, todas elas polimórficas. O dendrograma obtido a partir dos resultados de ISSRs considerando as três regiões geográficas demonstra que as amostras têm tendência a agrupar-se de acordo com o seu local de recolha, com exceção de um grupo de 9 indivíduos de Osso da Baleia que se agrupa juntamente com Vila Nova de Milfontes. No entanto, as separações dos grupos ocorrem todas com coeficientes de similaridade de Dice muito próximos e relativamente elevados (SDice entre 0.63 e 0.85), indicando um elevado nível de similaridade da A. longifolia entre os três locais em estudo apesar das distâncias que os separam. O mesmo ocorre quando se avalia o dendrograma obtido apenas com amostras Vila Nova de Milfontes (SDice entre 0.61 e 0.79), com a exceção que estas últimas não se agrupam de acordo com o local de recolha. Os resultados com ISSRs demonstram ainda que há uma diferenciação genética baixa mas estatisticamente significativa (FST = 0.070) entre amostras de Vila Nova de Milfontes, Osso da Baleia e Pinheiro da Cruz, o que possivelmente aponta para uma origem comum de A. longifolia em Portugal. No entanto, as amostras de Pinheiro da Cruz mostraram ser as mais diferentes dos restantes locais, enquanto que as amostras de Osso da Baleia revelaram-se muito semelhantes às amostras de Vila Nova de Milfontes, apesar da distância de cerca de 260 Km que as separa. Já em Vila Nova de Milfontes, amostras recolhidas em várias zonas desta localidade mostraram ter uma diferenciação genética estatisticamente significativa muito inferior a obtida quando se consideram os três locais do país (FST = 0.013), o que aponta para que as acácias plantadas pelos serviços florestais se tenham espalhado por esta localidade. No entanto, as diferenças observadas entre as plantas originalmente plantadas pelos serviços florestais e as restantes nesta localidade indicam que já há alguma variabilidade que terá ocorrido num período de cerca de 50 anos. A análise de microssatélites gerou no total 7 alelos a partir de dois pares de primers (3 alelos do locus DCLOC e 4 alelos do locus CPUH4), tendo-se excluído os resultados do locus APZIZ por apresentarem mais do que dois alelos por indivíduo. Os microssatélites não demonstram uma diferenciação genética estatisticamente significativa, mas este resultado é possivelmente consequência de se terem analisado apenas dois loci. Recorrendo-se a uma análise mais simplista, os alelos foram classificados como comuns (C) ou raros (R), sendo um alelo raro aquele que apresenta no geral baixa frequência e está ausente em pelo menos uma localidade. A análise das frequências alélicas demonstra que todas as localidades partilham alelos raros mas com frequências distintas, o que apoia a hipótese de uma origem comum de A. longifolia em Portugal. Amostras recolhidas na localidade de Vila Nova de Milfontes demonstram ter frequências de alelos raros semelhantes entre si (entre 20–40%), apoiando a hipótese de que as acácias plantadas pelos serviços florestais se terão espalhado por esta localidade, enquanto que Osso da Baleia é a localidade com maior frequência de alelos raros (54%). Pinheiro da Cruz apresenta apenas 9% de alelos raros, o que confirma que esta localização é a mais distinta de todas as estudadas. A análise conjunta dos resultados obtidos pelos dois marcadores moleculares levanta a hipótese de uma origem comum de A. longifolia em Portugal, resultante de uma introdução única – a plantação pelos serviços florestais – e os indivíduos desta espécie serão, portanto, semelhantes ao nível molecular. E plausível considerar-se que os serviços florestais terão utilizado o mesmo lote de sementes para as plantações ao longo do pais, podendo ter ocorrido transferência de sementes de uma localização para as outras. Assim, as acácias situadas ao longo de Vila Nova de Milfontes tiveram a sua origem nas que foram plantadas pelos serviços florestais junto à costa. Não tivemos acesso a nenhum registo de plantação de acácias em Osso da Baleia, mas é plausível considerar que as acácias do sistema dunar de Quiaios-Mira se tenham espalhado em direção a Sul, tendo chegado eventualmente a Osso da Baleia, que se localiza apenas a 25 Km de distância. Relativamente a Pinheiro da Cruz também não houve acesso a qualquer informação histórica, mas é possível que tanto as acácias plantadas em Vila Nova de Milfontes como as plantadas na Costa da Caparica se possam ter disseminado até lá, uma vez que ambas as localizações distam cerca de 60 Km de Pinheiro da Cruz, e que a frequência dos alelos raros tenha diminuído ao longo do processo invasivo. É de notar que a população de acácias deste local se encontra mais isolada, pelo facto de se tratar de um estabelecimento prisional, contribuindo para o declínio da frequência dos alelos raros. Contudo, os resultados obtidos com microssatélites são preliminares, pelo que de futuro serão necessários estudos com um maior número de loci e igualmente com outros tipos de marcadores moleculares, que darão novas informações e ajudarão a esclarecer a distribuição desta espécie em Portugal. Acacia longifolia é uma espécie que exibe um comportamento extremamente invasor contribuindo para a perda de diversidade das espécies nativas. Como tal, esclarecer a origem, o padrão de distribuição e a diversidade genética desta espécie em Portugal é importante para a compreensão do seu mecanismo e capacidade invasores de forma a promover a conservação das espécies nativas que possuem valor económico e biológico.
Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd. is a nitrogen fixing tree or shrub original from the Southeast Australia and Tasmania. Also known as “Sydney Golden Wattle”, it was brought to Portugal by the forestry services to promote the conservation of sand dunes and introduced in various locations along the Portuguese coastal line, including the Sao Jacinto sand dunes (north of Aveiro), Costa da Caparica (Almada, Setubal), the Quiaios-Mira sand dunes (Figueira da Foz) and Vila Nova de Milfontes (Odemira). However, A. longifolia quickly spread and dominated nearby soils, eventually replacing native species. This species is so successful that it is considered a serious environmental problem, leading to its classification as invasive in Portugal. A. longifolia has been subjected to many studies in different fields such as ecology and land management, but not much is known about this species on a molecular level. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of 89 accessions from three locations in the Portuguese coastal line – 25 from Osso da Baleia (Pombal), 25 from Pinheiro da Cruz (Setubal) and 39 from Vila Nova de Milfontes – using two types of molecular markers: inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) (16 primers) and simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites (2 primers). We also conducted a more detailed study on the genetic diversity of this species in Vila Nova de Milfontes based on 53 accessions (11 ISSR primers only and 2 microsatellite primers), collecting samples from different sites including the region where acacias were introduced by the forestry services. ISSR results revealed that samples from the three different locations in the coastal line show low but significant molecular differentiation (FST = 0.070), resulting in their clustering by collection region, while samples from different sites in Vila Nova de Milfontes have much lower genetic differentiation (FST = 0.013) and show no particular clustering. Microsatellite analysis evidenced that samples from all location share the same alleles, indicating the possibility of a single origin of A. longifolia in Portugal. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity of acacias found in different regions of the Portuguese coast derives from the fact that the forestry services used the same allotment of seeds. Another possibility relies on the transference of seeds from one location to another, which in turn spread and invaded adjacent soils. Further studies with molecular markers are needed in the future to better understand the distribution of this species in Portugal.
Morais, Filomena da Conceição Correia. "Caracterização de uma colecção antiga de trigos portugueses através de marcadores morfológicos e moleculares." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/647.
Full textO trigo é um dos cereais mais importantes para a alimentação e agricultura a nível mundial, por isso muitos países têm desenvolvido esforços para a caracterização e avaliação da diversidade genética das suas populações ou “landraces” deste cereal. No IBB-CGB/UTAD tem-se vindo a caracterizar uma colecção antiga de trigos portugueses, composta por 48 cultivares de trigo mole (Triticum aestivum 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD) e 51 cultivares de trigo rijo (T. turgidum e T. durum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), bem como 30 linhas da “landrace” de trigo mole ‘Barbela’. Os objectivos deste trabalho eram caracterizar esta colecção de trigos com base em marcadores moleculares RAPD e ISSR e em componentes morfológicos e de produção. Com os marcadores RAPD obteve-se 71,3% de polimorfismo nos trigos moles, 72,7% nos trigos rijos e 54,1% nas linhas de trigo ‘Barbela’. Também se obteve 78,6% de polimorfismo ISSR nos trigos moles, 81,3% nos trigos rijos e 55,7% nas linhas de trigo ‘Barbela’. Os ISSRs evidenciaram maior taxa de polimorfismo do que os RAPDs. Neste trabalho foram construídos dendrogramas de similaridade genética, utilizando o método de agrupamento UPGMA e o coeficiente de Jaccard para trigos moles, rijos e linhas de ‘Barbela’ com a totalidade dos dados RAPD e com a totalidade dos dados ISSR. No geral, os dendrogramas agruparam os trigos moles por variedades botânicas, os trigos rijos por espécies e as linhas de trigo ‘Barbela’ por região de colheita, quer para RAPDs quer para ISSRs. A combinação dos dois sistemas de marcadores originou resultados similares. No que concerne aos componentes morfológicos e de produção, estes evidenciaram uma elevada variabilidade genética entre cultivares e entre variedades botânicas. Os dendrogramas UPGMA de similaridade genética, utilizando o coeficiente da distância euclidiana confirmaram a elevada variabilidade genética anteriormente observada, uma vez que não foi possível agrupar os trigos por variedades botânicas, espécies ou regiões de colheita. Na análise da diversidade genética os ISSRs revelaram ser mais informativos que os RAPDs, sendo os marcadores morfológicos e de produção os menos informativos.
The wheat is one of the most important cereals for food and agriculture worldwide, so many countries have developed efforts to the characterization and evaluation of the genetic diversity of their populations or landraces of this cereal. In IBB-CGB/UTAD we have been characterizing an old portuguese wheat collection, composed by 48 bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD) and 51 durum wheat cultivars (T. turgidum e T. durum; 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), as well as 30 lines of the ‘Barbela’ bread wheat landrace. The goals of this work were to characterize this wheat collection based on molecular markers RAPD and ISSR and based on morphological and yield traits. With RAPD markers we got 71,3% of polymorphism in bread wheats, 72,7% in durum wheats and 54,1% in ‘Barbela’ lines. We also got 78,6% of ISSR polymorphism in bread wheats, 81,3% in durum wheats and 55,7% in ‘Barbela’ lines. The ISSR molecular markers showed higher polymorphism level then RAPD markers. In this study, UPGMA dendrograms were built using the Jaccard coefficient to the bread wheat, durum wheat and ‘Barbela’ lines, with the RAPD data and with the ISSR data. In general, bread wheats were clustered by botanical varieties, durum wheats by species and ‘Barbela’ lines by sampling area, as for RAPDs as for ISSRs. The combination of the two marker sistems gave rise to similar results. Morphological and yield traits showed a high genetic variability within cultivars and within botanical varieties. UPGMA dendrograms of genetic similarity, using the euclidian distance coefficient confirmed the high genetic variabitity, once wheats did not cluster by botanical varieties, species or sampling areas. In the genetic diversity analysis, ISSRs were more informatives than RAPDs, and the morphological and yield markers were the less informatives.