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Journal articles on the topic 'Molecular microbiology – United States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Roellig, Dawn M., Emily L. Brown, Christian Barnabé, Michel Tibayrenc, Frank J. Steurer, and Michael J. Yabsley. "Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziIsolates, United States." Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 7 (2008): 1123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1407.080175.

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2

O'Donnell, Kerry, Deanna A. Sutton, Nathan Wiederhold, Vincent A. R. G. Robert, Pedro W. Crous, and David M. Geiser. "Veterinary Fusarioses within the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 11 (2016): 2813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01607-16.

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Multilocus DNA sequence data were used to assess the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of 67Fusariumstrains from veterinary sources, most of which were from the United States. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the strains comprised 23 phylogenetically distinct species, all but two of which were previously known to infect humans, distributed among eight species complexes. The majority of the veterinary isolates (47/67 = 70.1%) were nested within theFusarium solanispecies complex (FSSC), and these included 8 phylospecies and 33 unique 3-locus sequence types (STs). Thre

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3

Adams-Haduch, Jennifer M., Ezenwa O. Onuoha, Tatiana Bogdanovich, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Acinetobacter baumannii in the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 49, no. 11 (2011): 3849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00619-11.

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4

Callison, S. A., M. W. Jackwood, and D. A. Hilt. "Molecular Characterization of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates Foreign to the United States and Comparison with United States Isolates." Avian Diseases 45, no. 2 (2001): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1592994.

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5

CORSO, A., E. P. SEVERINA, V. F. PETRUK, Y. R. MAURLZ, and A. TOMASZ. "Molecular Characterization of Penicillin-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniaeIsolates Causing Respiratory Disease in the United States." Microbial Drug Resistance 4, no. 4 (1998): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/mdr.1998.4.325.

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6

Burrell, Kellan, Jennifer Huang, Maria Karlsson, Gillian McAllister, and Allison Brown. "Molecular Landscape of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumanii in the United States." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s320—s321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.917.

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Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are an urgent public health threat because they cause healthcare-associated infections that are difficult to treat and can spread in healthcare environments. Acinetobacter spp may develop resistance to carbapenems through various mechanisms, including decreased permeability, overexpression of efflux pumps, and production of carbapenemases. Carbapenemases found in CRAB commonly belong to the group of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases, which can be either intrinsic or acquired. The most clinically relevant class D enzymes

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7

Staples, J. Erin, Kristy A. Kubota, Linda G. Chalcraft, Paul S. Mead, and Jeannine M. Petersen. "Epidemiologic and Molecular Analysis of Human Tularemia, United States, 1964–2004." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 7 (2006): 1113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1207.051504.

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8

Popovic, Tanja, Chung Kim, Jonathan Reiss, Mike Reeves, Hiroshi Nakao, and Anne Golaz. "Use of Molecular Subtyping To Document Long-Term Persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 4 (1999): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.4.1092-1099.1999.

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Enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a Northern Plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriaeof both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the United States. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. Four molecular subtyping methods—ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and single-strand conformation polymorphism—were used to molecularly characterize these strains and com

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9

Usera, M. A., T. Popovic, C. A. Bopp, and N. A. Strockbine. "Molecular subtyping of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 8 strains from the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32, no. 1 (1994): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.32.1.194-198.1994.

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10

Swaminathan, Bala, Timothy J. Barrett, Susan B. Hunter, and Robert V. Tauxe. "PulseNet: The Molecular Subtyping Network for Foodborne Bacterial Disease Surveillance, United States." Emerging Infectious Diseases 7, no. 3 (2001): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0703.017303.

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11

Ramachandran, Sumathi, Guo-Liang Xia, Zoya Dimitrova, et al. "Changing Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus Infection, United States, 1996–2019." Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, no. 6 (2021): 1742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2706.203036.

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12

Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Deanna A. Sutton, Adela Martin-Vicente, et al. "Cladosporium Species Recovered from Clinical Samples in the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 9 (2015): 2990–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01482-15.

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Cladosporiumspecies are ubiquitous, saprobic, dematiaceous fungi, only infrequently associated with human and animal opportunistic infections. We have studied a large set ofCladosporiumisolates recovered from clinical samples in the United States to ascertain the predominant species there in light of recent taxonomic changes in this genus and to determine whether some could possibly be rare potential pathogens. A total of 92 isolates were identified using phenotypic and molecular methods, which included sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and a fragment of the lar

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13

Yan, Chao, Hongmei Sun, Stella Lee, et al. "Comparison of Molecular Characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Specimens Collected from the United States and China." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 12 (2015): 3891–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02468-15.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae-positive clinical specimens obtained from the United States and China during the same period were studied for their molecular characteristics. We found much more diverse genotypes and a lower prevalence of macrolide resistance in the U.S. specimens. Data from the study also showed an association of the resistance with certain genotypes.

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14

Tomaszewski, Elizabeth K., Erhard F. Kaleta, and David N. Phalen. "Molecular Phylogeny of the Psittacid Herpesviruses Causing Pacheco's Disease: Correlation of Genotype with Phenotypic Expression." Journal of Virology 77, no. 20 (2003): 11260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.20.11260-11267.2003.

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ABSTRACT Fragments of 419 bp of the UL16 open reading frame from 73 psittacid herpesviruses (PsHVs) from the United States and Europe were sequenced. All viruses caused Pacheco's disease, and serotypes of the European isolates were known. A phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences demonstrated that the PsHVs that cause Pacheco's disease comprised four major genotypes, with each genotype including between two and four variants. With the exception of two viruses, the serotypes of the virus isolates could be predicted by the genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 4 corresponded to serotype 1 isolates,

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15

Converse, Alvin O. "Renewable energy in the United States." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 137-140, no. 1-12 (2007): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-007-9083-x.

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16

SHIEH, Y. C., Y. E. KHUDYAKOV, G. XIA, et al. "Molecular Confirmation of Oysters as the Vector for Hepatitis A in a 2005 Multistate Outbreak." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 1 (2007): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.1.145.

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Numerous hepatitis A outbreaks were linked to the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish in the United States between 1960 and 1989. However, there had been no major molluscan shellfish–associated hepatitis A outbreaks reported in the United States for more than a decade (1989 to 2004). Beginning in late August 2005, at least 10 clusters of hepatitis A illnesses, totaling 39 persons, occurred in four states among restaurant patrons who ate oysters. Epidemiologic data indicated that oysters were the source of the outbreak. Traceback information showed that the implicated oysters were harvested

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17

Costa, Kyle C., Jason B. Navarro, Everett L. Shock, Chuanlun L. Zhang, Debbie Soukup, and Brian P. Hedlund. "Microbiology and geochemistry of great boiling and mud hot springs in the United States Great Basin." Extremophiles 13, no. 3 (2009): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-009-0230-x.

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18

Richter, S. S., K. P. Heilmann, S. L. Coffman, et al. "The Molecular Epidemiology of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1994-2000." Clinical Infectious Diseases 34, no. 3 (2002): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/338065.

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19

Brown, Betty A., M. Steven Oberste, James P. Alexander, Margery L. Kennett, and Mark A. Pallansch. "Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Enterovirus 71 Strains Isolated from 1970 to 1998." Journal of Virology 73, no. 12 (1999): 9969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.12.9969-9975.1999.

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ABSTRACT Enterovirus 71 (EV71) (genus Enterovirus, familyPicornaviridae), a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), may also cause severe neurological diseases, such as encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. To examine the genetic diversity and rate of evolution of EV71, we have determined and analyzed complete VP1 sequences (891 nucleotides) for 113 EV71 strains isolated in the United States and five other countries from 1970 to 1998. Nucleotide sequence comparisons demonstrated three distinct EV71 genotypes, designated A, B, and C. The genetic variation within genotypes

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20

Vardas, Eftyhia, P. M. Leary, Jane Yeats, Waseila Badrodien, and Stephanie Kreis. "Case Report and Molecular Analysis of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in a South African Child." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 3 (1999): 775–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.3.775-777.1999.

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This is the first case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis from South Africa in which the molecular characteristics of the causative measles virus were examined. The virus found is classified as genotype D3, which has not previously been found in Africa and was last circulating in the United States before 1992.

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21

Miko, Benjamin A., Cory A. Hafer, Caroline J. Lee, et al. "Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in the United States, 2004 to 2010." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51, no. 3 (2013): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00923-12.

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22

Zheng, Du-Ping, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Roger I. Glass, and Jan Vinjé. "Molecular Epidemiology of Genogroup II-Genotype 4 Noroviruses in the United States between 1994 and 2006." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 48, no. 1 (2009): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01622-09.

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23

Bialy, Harvey. "Cuba's Biotechnology and the United States Embargo." Nature Biotechnology 13, no. 3 (1995): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0395-288.

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24

Clark, Kerry, Amanda Hendricks, and David Burge. "Molecular Identification and Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Lizards in the Southeastern United States." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 5 (2005): 2616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2616-2625.2005.

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ABSTRACT Lyme borreliosis (LB) group spirochetes, collectively known as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, are distributed worldwide. Wild rodents are acknowledged as the most important reservoir hosts. Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of B. burgdorferi sensu lato in the eastern United States, and in the southeastern United States, the larvae and nymphs mostly parasitize certain species of lizards. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether wild lizards in the southeastern United States are naturally infected with Lyme borreliae. Blood samples obtained from lizards in F

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25

Pawloski, L. C., A. M. Queenan, P. K. Cassiday, et al. "Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis in the United States." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 2 (2013): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00717-13.

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ABSTRACTPertussis has shown a striking resurgence in the United States, with a return to record numbers of reported cases as last observed in the 1950s.Bordetella pertussisisolates lacking pertactin, a key antigen component of the acellular pertussis vaccine, have been observed, suggesting thatB. pertussisis losing pertactin in response to vaccine immunity. Screening of 1,300 isolates from outbreak and surveillance studies (historical isolates collected from 1935 up to 2009, isolates from the 2010 California pertussis outbreak, U.S. isolates from routine surveillance between 2010-2012, and iso

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26

Haq, Zia, and James L. Easterly. "Agricultural Residue Availability in the United States." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 129, no. 1-3 (2006): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/abab:129:1:3.

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27

Jensen, Lars Bogø, Peter Ahrens, Lone Dons, Ronald N. Jones, Anette M. Hammerum, and Frank Møller Aarestrup. "Molecular Analysis of Tn1546 inEnterococcus faecium Isolated from Animals and Humans." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 2 (1998): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.2.437-442.1998.

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The internal areas and the position of integration of the glycopeptide resistance element Tn1546 were characterized by using PCR fragment length polymorphism, sequencing, and DNA hybridization techniques with 38 high-level vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates of human and animal origins from Europe and the United States. Only minor variations in the coding regions within Tn1546 were found, suggesting high genetic stability. The isolates originated from broilers (n = 5), a chicken (n = 1), a duck (n = 1), a turkey (n = 1), pigs (n = 8), a pony (n = 1), and humans (n = 23). A total

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28

Sahin, O., C. Fitzgerald, S. Stroika, et al. "Molecular Evidence for Zoonotic Transmission of an Emergent, Highly Pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni Clone in the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 50, no. 3 (2011): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.06167-11.

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29

Hayward, Jessica J., Edward J. Dubovi, Janet M. Scarlett, Stephanie Janeczko, Edward C. Holmes, and Colin R. Parrish. "Microevolution of Canine Influenza Virus in Shelters and Its Molecular Epidemiology in the United States." Journal of Virology 84, no. 24 (2010): 12636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01350-10.

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ABSTRACT Canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged around 2000 when an equine influenza virus (EIV) was transmitted to dogs in Florida. After 2003, the canine virus was carried by infected greyhounds to various parts of the United States and then became established in several large animal shelters, where it has continued to circulate. To better understand the evolution of CIV since its emergence, and particularly its microevolution in spatially restricted populations, we examined multiple gene segments of CIV from dogs resident in two large animal shelters in New York City during the period 2006 to

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30

Coleman, Henry D., and John D. Vandenberg. "Protecting Non-U.S. Research in the United States." Nature Biotechnology 6, no. 7 (1988): 791–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0788-791.

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31

Lu, Deborah L., Angela M. Collison, and Thomas J. Kowalski. "The patentability of antibodies in the United States." Nature Biotechnology 23, no. 9 (2005): 1079–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0905-1079.

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32

Dupuis, Michelle, Scott Brunt, Kim Appler, April Davis, and Robert Rudd. "Comparison of Automated Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR and Direct Fluorescent-Antibody Detection for Routine Rabies Diagnosis in the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 9 (2015): 2983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01227-15.

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Rabies virus found worldwide and prevalent throughout the United States continues to be a public health concern. Direct-fluorescent antibody (DFA) detection remains the gold standard for rabies virus diagnostics. Assessing the utility of a high-throughput molecular platform such as the QIAsymphony SP/AS, in conjunction with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), to augment or potentially replace the DFA test, was the focus of this project. Here we describe a triplex qRT-PCR assay, including assembly and evaluation for sensitivity, specificity, and ability to detect variants. Additio

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33

Osburn, B. I., C. A. de Mattos, C. C. de Mattos, and N. J. MacLachlan. "Bluetongue disease and the molecular epidemiology of viruses from the Western United States." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 19, no. 3 (1996): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-9571(96)00003-3.

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34

Brandt, M. E., L. C. Hutwagner, L. A. Klug, et al. "Molecular subtype distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans in four areas of the United States. Cryptococcal Disease Active Surveillance Group." Journal of clinical microbiology 34, no. 4 (1996): 912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.34.4.912-917.1996.

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35

Apetrei, Cristian, Amitinder Kaur, Nicholas W. Lerche, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm in U.S. Primate Centers Unravels the Origin of SIVmac and SIVstm." Journal of Virology 79, no. 14 (2005): 8991–9005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.14.8991-9005.2005.

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ABSTRACT Retrospective molecular epidemiology was performed on samples from four sooty mangabey (SM) colonies in the United States to characterize simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm diversity in SMs and to trace virus circulation among different primate centers (PCs) over the past 30 years. The following SIVsm sequences were collected from different monkeys: 55 SIVsm isolates from the Tulane PC sampled between 1984 and 2004, 10 SIVsm isolates from the Yerkes PC sampled in 2002, 7 SIVsm isolates from the New Iberia PC sampled between 1979 and 1986, and 8 SIVsm isolates from the California PC s

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36

Dennehy, Penelope H. "Active Immunization in the United States: Developments over the Past Decade." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 4 (2001): 872–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.4.872-908.2001.

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SUMMARY The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified immunization as the most important public health advance of the 20th century. The purpose of this article is to review the changes that have taken place in active immunization in the United States over the past decade. Since 1990, new vaccines have become available to prevent five infectious diseases: varicella, rotavirus, hepatitis A, Lyme disease, and Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Improved vaccines have been developed to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, pertussis, rabies, and typhoid infections

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37

Tan, Yi, Ferdaus Hassan, Jennifer E. Schuster, et al. "Molecular Evolution and Intraclade Recombination of Enterovirus D68 during the 2014 Outbreak in the United States." Journal of Virology 90, no. 4 (2015): 1997–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02418-15.

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ABSTRACTIn August 2014, an outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) occurred in North America, causing severe respiratory disease in children. Due to a lack of complete genome sequence data, there is only a limited understanding of the molecular evolution and epidemiology of EV-D68 during this outbreak, and it is uncertain whether the differing clinical manifestations of EV-D68 infection are associated with specific viral lineages. We developed a high-throughput complete genome sequencing pipeline for EV-D68 that produced a total of 59 complete genomes from respiratory samples with a 95% success r

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38

Scheuer, K. A., T. Oka, A. E. Hoet, et al. "Prevalence of Porcine Noroviruses, Molecular Characterization of Emerging Porcine Sapoviruses from Finisher Swine in the United States, and Unified Classification Scheme for Sapoviruses." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 51, no. 7 (2013): 2344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00865-13.

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39

Snow, Dave, Alana Cattapan, and Françoise Baylis. "Contesting estimates of cryopreserved embryos in the United States." Nature Biotechnology 33, no. 9 (2015): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3342.

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40

Guevara-Suarez, Marcela, Deanna A. Sutton, José F. Cano-Lira, et al. "Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Penicillium-Like Fungi from Clinical Samples in the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 8 (2016): 2155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00960-16.

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Penicilliumspecies are some of the most common fungi observed worldwide and have an important economic impact as well as being occasional agents of human and animal mycoses. A total of 118 isolates thought to belong to the genusPenicilliumbased on morphological features were obtained from the Fungus Testing Laboratory at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio (United States). The isolates were studied phenotypically using standard growth conditions. Molecular identification was made using two genetic markers, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and a fragment of the β-t

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41

SARAFIAN, SAMUEL K., and JOAN S. KNAPP. "Molecular Epidemiology, Based on Plasmid Profiles, of Haemophilus ducreyi Infections in the United States." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 19, no. 1 (1992): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199201000-00007.

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42

Hotez, Peter J. "Mounting antiscience aggression in the United States." PLOS Biology 19, no. 7 (2021): e3001369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001369.

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43

Brueggemann, Angela B., Rekha Pai, Derrick W. Crook, and Bernard Beall. "Vaccine Escape Recombinants Emerge after Pneumococcal Vaccination in the United States." PLoS Pathogens 3, no. 11 (2007): e168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030168.

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44

Diaz, Maureen H., Alvaro J. Benitez, and Jonas M. Winchell. "Investigations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in the United States: Trends in Molecular Typing and Macrolide Resistance from 2006 to 2013." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 1 (2014): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02597-14.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniaeis a leading cause of respiratory infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Currently, pathogen-specific testing is not routinely performed in the primary care setting, and the United States lacks a systematic surveillance program forM. pneumoniae. Documentation of individual cases and clusters typically occurs only when severe illness and/or failure to improve with empirical antibiotic therapy is observed. Outbreaks, some lasting for extended periods and involving a large number of cases, occur regularly. However, many more likely go unrecognized due to th

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45

DePaola, Angelo, Jodie Ulaszek, Charles A. Kaysner, et al. "Molecular, Serological, and Virulence Characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Environmental, Food, and Clinical Sources in North America and Asia." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (2003): 3999–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.3999-4005.2003.

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ABSTRACT Potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts of the United States and from clinical sources in Asia. The food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using DNA probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. The clinical isolates from the United States were generally associated with oyster consumption, and most were obtained fro

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46

Webby, Richard J., Sabrina L. Swenson, Scott L. Krauss, Philip J. Gerrish, Sagar M. Goyal, and Robert G. Webster. "Evolution of Swine H3N2 Influenza Viruses in the United States." Journal of Virology 74, no. 18 (2000): 8243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8243-8251.2000.

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ABSTRACT During 1998, severe outbreaks of influenza were observed in four swine herds in the United States. This event was unique because the causative agents, H3N2 influenza viruses, are infrequently isolated from swine in North America. Two antigenically distinct reassortant viruses (H3N2) were isolated from infected animals: a double-reassortant virus containing genes similar to those of human and swine viruses, and a triple-reassortant virus containing genes similar to those of human, swine, and avian influenza viruses (N. N. Zhou, D. A. Senne, J. S. Landgraf, S. L. Swenson, G. Erickson, K

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47

Aesif, Scott W., David M. Parenti, Linda Lesky, and John F. Keiser. "A Cost-Effective Interdisciplinary Approach to Microbiologic Send-Out Test Use." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 2 (2014): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0693-oa.

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Context Use of reference laboratories for selected laboratory testing (send-out tests) represents a significant source of laboratory costs. As the use of more complex molecular analyses becomes common in the United States, strategies to reduce costs in the clinical laboratory must evolve in order to provide high-value, cost-effective medicine. Objective To report a strategy that employs clinical pathology house staff and key hospital clinicians in the effective use of microbiologic send-out testing. Design The George Washington University Hospital is a 370-bed academic hospital in Washington,

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Millman, Kim, Carolyn M. Black, Robert E. Johnson, et al. "Population-Based Genetic and Evolutionary Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis Urogenital Strain Variation in the United States." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 8 (2004): 2457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.8.2457-2465.2004.

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Abstract:

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of ocular and sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. While much of our knowledge about its genetic diversity comes from serotyping or ompA genotyping, no quantitative assessment of genetic diversity within serotypes has been performed. To accomplish this, 507 urogenital samples from a multicenter U.S. study were analyzed by phylogenetic and statistical modeling. No B, Da, or I serotypes were represented. Based on our analyses, all but one previous urogenital B serotype was identified as Ba. This, coupled with the lack of B serotypes in our popu

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Ejiofor, A. O., and T. Johnson. "Physiological and molecular detection of crystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis strains from habitats in the South Central United States." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 28, no. 5 (2002): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/jim/7000244.

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50

Ejiofor, A. O., and T. Johnson. "Physiological and molecular detection of crystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis strains from habitats in the South Central United States." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 28, no. 5 (2002): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000244.

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