Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molecular weight

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Molecular weight'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Molecular weight"

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Omer, Ahmed, Tamer Tamer, and Mohamed Mohyeldin. "High-Molecular Weight of Biopolymer." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2014.3.7.

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Balko, O. B. "Low Molecular Weight Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriocins." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 81, no. 6 (November 30, 2019): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.06.097.

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Shu Xian Tiew and Misni Misran, Shu Xian Tiew and Misni Misran. "Thermal Properties of Acylated Low Molecular Weight Chitosans." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 2 (2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000733/jcsp/41.02.2019.

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Acylated low molecular weight chitosans (LChA) were prepared from nucleophilic acylation of chitosan using acid anhydrides of short and medium chain length (4 - 10) to study the response of applied heat as a function of acyl chain length. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the decomposition of LChA consisted of glucosamine and acyl-glucosamine units around 141 - 151and#176;C to 400 - 410and#176;C. Both TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses indicated that the introduction of acyl groups disrupted the hydrogen bonding of chitosan, the effect was more prominent as the degree of substitution and chain length of LChA increased. Grafting of acyl chains lowered the kinematic viscosity of LChA as the disruption of hydrogen bonding led to decreased hydrodynamic volume. Field emission scanning electron micrographs showed that LChA with longer chains having larger particle size due to bigger occupancy volume of acyl chains during spray drying.
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Semba, Umeko, Yoko Shibuya, Hiroaki Okabe, Izumi Hayashi, and Tetsuro Yamamoto. "Whale High-Molecular-Weight and Low-Molecular-Weight Kininogens." Thrombosis Research 97, no. 6 (March 2000): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(99)00199-1.

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Masubuchi, Yuichi, Yuya Doi, and Takashi Uneyama. "Entanglement Molecular Weight." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 48, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.48.177.

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Lovpchae, Zarema N. "Average Plasma Molecular Weight State in Viral Maxillary Sinusitis." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202090.

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Paul, Pushpinder. "Molecular Weight Determination of Glutaminase Enzyme Produced from Erwinia." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 4 (June 1, 2012): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/apr2013/114.

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Buckley, W. T., and K. E. Buckley. "Low-molecular-weight volatile indicators of canola seed deterioration." Seed Science and Technology 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2009): 676–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2009.37.3.15.

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Mulloy, B., C. Gee, S. F. Wheeler, R. Wait, E. Gray, and T. W. Barrowcliffe. "Molecular Weight Measurements of Low Molecular Weight Heparins by Gel Permeation Chromatography." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 77, no. 04 (1997): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656031.

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SummaryThe molecular weight profiles of low molecular weight heparin samples have been measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography using as calibrant the heparinase-degraded material (90/686) now established as the 1st International Reference Preparation (IRP) Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Molecular Weight Calibration. Use of the calibrant as a broad molecular weight standard is described and a calibration table provided based on data collected over several years in one laboratory.In order to confirm the assignment of degree of polymerisation to resolved oligosaccharide peaks in the calibrant, molecular weights of oligosaccharides fractionated from the 1st IRP were independently determined by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS).The molecular weight distributions of commercial low molecular weight heparins have been characterized. Measurements of molecular weight parameters of heparin molecular weight standards from several sources provide comparisons between the molecular weight scales of this and other studies.
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Lapierre, Catherine. "Investigations of low molecular weight and high molecular weight lignin fractions." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 14, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1999-14-02-p158-162.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molecular weight"

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Wright, Patricia Ann. "Understanding MS/MS fragmentation pathways of small molecular weight molecules." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/18134/.

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Fragmentation of molecules by collision-induced dissociation (CID) is not well-understood, making interpretation of MS/MS spectra difficult and limiting the effectiveness of software tools intended to aid mass spectral interpretation. An approach is required which is tailored to each individual molecule and improves the ‘chemical sense’ of the software. It was hypothesised that the bonds which break during CID of protonated molecules are the bonds which are elongated, and hence weakened, as a result of conformational changes induced by protonation. Bond length changes for a test set of molecules were calculated using quantum chemistry software. Density Functional Theory (DFT) or Austin Model 1 (AM1) or both were used to energy minimise the structures of the neutral molecules and their corresponding protonated molecules (protonated at all possible sites). Bonds which elongated to the greatest extent after protonation were compared to the bonds which were found to cleave to give the product ions in the CID spectra of these compounds. Quantum chemistry modelling was also applied to the deprotonated molecules. AM1 calculated bond lengths were found to be similar to those generated by DFT and have the advantage of being rapidly obtained. All the polarised bonds which cleaved were calculated to elongate significantly, thus achieving a 100% success rate in the prediction of bond cleavage as a result of protonation on a heteroatom. The proton is mobile across the molecule, leading to fragmentation when the proton reaches a site where it causes significant bond elongation, provided the molecule has sufficient internal energy. Cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds was not predicted. The success rate for predicting bond cleavage in deprotonated molecules was 48%, suggesting this approach cannot be applied reliably for these anions. AM1 calculated bond length change acts as a descriptor for predicting polarised bond cleavage in protonated pseudo-molecular ions having the potential to be incorporated in mass spectral interpretive software to increase the accuracy of prediction of CID spectra.
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Nightingale, Philip D. "Low molecular weight halocarbons in seawater." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280971.

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Waters, Benjamin Ragan. "Molecular weight modulation in polyhydroxybutyrate fermentations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38974.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, June 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a material with significant potential for commercial applications. It has material properties similar to isotactic polypropylene; it can be produced from renewable resources; it is biodegradable. Unfortunately, it is very brittle when compared to polypropylene. The physical property that most significantly affects elastic behavior is molecular weight. In an effort to understand how molecular weight is formed in PHB production, kinetic studies of PHB fermentations have been performed using fermentation conditions which allow biomass growth and PHB production phases to be separated. These data indicate that molecular weight increases very quickly and then remains fairly constant in PHB fermentations. Additional studies have indicated that only slight changes in molecular weight can be caused by changing fermentation process conditions or using mutants of the polymerization enzyme. Additionally, one mutant polymerization enzyme has been shown to excrete moderate levels of PHB monomer, 3-hydroxybutyrate, into the fermentation media. This may have application in achieving synthetic production of PHB.<br>by Benjamin Ragan Waters.<br>Ph.D.
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Li, Melissa. "A microscale molecular weight analysis method for characterizing polymers solutions of unknown concentrations." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31673.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Hang Lu; Committee Co-Chair: Rachel Chen; Committee Member: Johnna Temenoff; Committee Member: Yonathan Thio. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Aktaş, Ece. "Low-Molecular Weight Molecules as Selective Contacts for Perovskite Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672777.

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La tecnologia fotovoltaica és una de les fonts d'energia neta i renovable més prometedores per reduir l'impacte ambiental dels combustibles fòssils en les últimes dècades. en aquest context, les perovskites són un material que ha atret recentment una atenció important a causa de la seva capacitat per aconseguir eficiències de conversió molt elevades. Les capes de càrrega selectiva juguen un paper crucial en el ràpid augment del rendiment del dispositiu i en l'estabilitat de les cel·les solars de perovskita. Recentment, l'aplicació de mono-capes auto-assemblades formades per molècules orgàniques que funcionen com a capes selectives de càrrega en cel·les solars de perovskita ha atret una gran atenció a causa d'avantatges com la rendibilitat, l'estabilitat i l'absència d'additius. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és el disseny i la síntesi de noves molècules que formen mono-capes auto-assemblades que funcionin com a capes selectives de forats en cel·les solars de perovskita per aconseguir una eficiència de conversió d'alta d'energia i una vida d'envelliment d'alt rendiment feta a mida.<br>La tecnología fotovoltaica es una de las fuentes de energía limpia y renovable más prometedoras para reducir el impacto ambiental de los combustibles fósiles en las últimas décadas. en este contexto, las *perovskites son un material que ha atraído recientemente una atención importante a causa de su capacidad para conseguir eficiencias de conversión muy elevadas. Las capas de carga selectiva juegan un papel crucial en el rápido aumento del rendimiento del dispositivo y en la estabilidad de las celdas solares de *perovskita. Recientemente, la aplicación de *mono-capes auto-asemejadas formadas por moléculas orgánicas que funcionan como capas selectivas de carga en celdas solares de *perovskita ha atraído una gran atención a causa de ventajas como la rentabilidad, la estabilidad y la ausencia de aditivos. El objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño y la síntesis de nuevas moléculas que forman *mono-capes auto-asemejadas que funcionen como capas selectivas de agujeros en celdas solares de *perovskita para conseguir una eficiencia de conversión de alta de energía y una vida de envejecimiento de alto rendimiento hecha a medida.<br>Photovoltaic technology is one of the most promising clean and renewable energy sources to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels in recent decades. In this context, perovskites are a material that has recently attracted significant attention due to their ability to achieve very high conversion efficiencys. Selective charge layers play a crucial role in rapidly increasing device performance and in the stability of perovskite solar cells. Recently, the application of self-assembly mono-caps made up of organic molecules that function as selective layers of charge in solar perovskite cells has attracted great attention due to advantages such as profitability, stability and the absence of additives. The goal of this thesis is the design and synthesis of new molecules that form self-assembly mono-layers that function as selective layers of holes in solar perovskite cells to achieve high-energy conversion efficiency and a high-performance aging life tailored to size.
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Adebekun, Aderinola Kolawole. "On-line control of molecular weight distribution." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12039.

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Hui, Yu 1977. "Heterjunctions of small molecular weight organic semiconductors." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81540.

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Photodiodes made of small molecular weight organic semiconductors have been fabricated. The organic materials under investigation are p-type Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and n-type 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI). Current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements have been performed to evaluate the electrical properties of the organic photodiodes. Optical measurements including responsivity and temporal response have also been carried out. It has been found that device efficiency of the photodiodes is influenced by the thickness of organic layers as well as the device structures. It is believed that organic layer thickness is a strong function of materials' exciton diffusion lengths. The thickness of the organic layer employed in the fabricated photodiode is 100 A or less. However, the fabricated devices with thin organic layer showed poor performance in terms of saturation current and breakdown voltage. As a result, new device structures have been proposed to overcome the problems. Stacking structure double heterojunction (SDH) and novel comb-like structure single heterojunction (CSH) device configurations have shown a substantial improvement in both electrical and optical parameters. There is at least 3 times enhancement in photocurrent and 10 times increase in external quantum efficiency for photodiodes employing CSH device structure and 100 A organic layer. Improvements in saturation current and breakdown voltage have also been observed. In addition, responsivity measurements in CSH devices have yielded a 7 times improvement. Furthermore, the carrier lifetime of the photodiode is estimated to be around 1 microsecond from the temporal response measurements. The combined effect of thin organic layers and new device structures leads to an overall improvement in device performance.
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Hoogland, J. S. "Properties of low molecular weight food surfactants." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333908.

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Amer, Ismael. "Molecular weight effects on crystallization of polypropylene." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6649.

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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The crystallization of polyolefins is an important parameter in determining the properties of such materials. The crystallization phenomenon generally depends on the molecular symmetry (tacticity) and molecular weight of the material. In this study, a series of polypropylenes was prepared using heterogeneous MgCl2-supported Ziegler catalysts with two different external donors, diphenyldimethoxysilane (DPDMS) and methyl-phenyldimethoxysilane (MPDMS), and two different homogeneous metallocene catalysts, racethylene- bis(indenyl) zirconium dichloride, Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (EI), and rac-ethylene-bis(4,5,6,7- tetrahydro-1-indenyl) zirconium dichloride, Et(H4Ind)2ZrCl2 (EI(4H)). Molecular hydrogen was used as terminating agent. In order to establish a correlation between the molecular weight and the crystallization of these polymers, fractionation of the materials according to crystallizability was performed by means of temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF). This affords the opportunity of blending materials of different molecular weights but similar symmetry. These materials were characterized using various analytical techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR), high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). DSC was used to study the bulk crystallization of different polypropylene blends, most of which showed only one melting peak. The latter is usually associated with a high degree of cocrystallization. Turbidity analysis of the different polypropylene polymers, obtained using solution crystallization analysis by laser light scattering (SCALLS), provided good crystallization information – similar to that provided by crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) and TREF. It was also possible to differentiate between polypropylenes with similar chemical structure but different tacticity and molecular weight. SCALLS results also showed that the blends of different isotactic polypropylene polymers were miscible and cocrystallization had occurred, whereas, the blends of syndiotactic polypropylene and different isotactic polypropylenes were not miscible and some interaction between phases had occurred. Optical microcopy (OM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used to study the morphological properties of different isotactic polypropylenes. Results revealed a welldefined and large spherulitic morphology of mixed a1 (disordered) and a2 (ordered) crystal form structures. OM and SEM images also clearly showed an effect of molecular weight and tacticity on the crystal structure of the different polypropylene samples. Finally, various homopolymers and blends were studied to investigate the effect of molecular weight on the mechanical properties of these materials. This was done using microhardness testing and dynamic mechanical analysis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kristallisasie van poliolefiene is ‘n belangrike faktor wat die eienskappe van hierdie tipe materiale bepaal. In die algemeen hang kristallisasie af van die molekulêre simmetrie (taktisiteit) en molekulêre massa van die materiaal. ‘n Reeks polipropilene is berei deur gebruik te maak van heterogene MgCl2-ondersteunde Ziegler-kataliste met twee verskillende elektron donors, difenieldimetoksisilaan (DPDMS) en metielfenieldimetoksisilaan (MPDMS), en twee verskillende homogene metalloseenkataliste, rac-etileen-bis(indeniel) sirkoniumdichloried, Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (EI), en rac-etileen-bis(4,5,6,7-tetrahidro-1-indeniel) sirkoniumdichloried, Et(H4Ind)2ZrCl2 (EI(4H)). Molekulêre waterstof is gebruik as termineringssagent. Ten einde ‘n verband te bepaal tussen die molekulêre massa en kristallisasie van hierdie polimere is hulle gefraksioneer op die basis van hulle kristallisseerbaarheid deur gebruik te maak van temperatuurstyging-elueringsfraksionering (TREF). Deur hierdie tegniek verkry ons materiale van verskillende molekulêre massa maar met dieselfde taktisiteit wat ons kan vermeng. Verskeie tegnieke is gebruik om hierdie materiale te karakteriseer: differensiële skandeerkalorometrie (DSC), wyehoek X-straal diffraksie (WAXS), 13C-kernmagnetiese resonansspektroskopie (13C-KMR), hoë-temperatuur gelpermeasiechromotagrafie (HT-GPC) en Fourier-transform-infrarooispektroskopie (FT-IR). DSC is gebruik om die vaste-toestand kristallisasie van verskeie vermengde polipropilene te bestudeer., en net een smeltpunt is in meeste gevalle waargeneem. Laasgenoemde word gewoonlik verbind met ‘n hoë mate van kokristallisasie. Oplossingkristallisasie analise, dmv laserligverstrooiing (SCALLS), is gebruik om die turbiditeit van die verskillende polipropileen kopolimeervermengings te bepaal. Goeie inligting aangaande die kristallisasie in oplossing – soortgelyk aan dié wat dmv die kristallisasie-analise-fraksioneringstegniek (CRYSTAF) en TREF bepaal is, is verkry. Dit was ook moontlik om te onderskei tussen polipropilene met soortgelyke chemiese strukture maar verskillende taktisiteit en molekulêre massas. SCALLS data het ook getoon dat die vermengings van verskeie isotaktiese polipropileen polimere versoenbaar was en dat kokristallisasie plaasgevind het, terwyl vermengings van sindiotaktiese polipropileen en verskeie isotaktiese polipropilene nie versoenbaar was nie en dat ‘n mate van fase-skeiding plaasgevind het. Optiese mikroskopie (OM) en skandeer-elektronmikroskopie (SEM) is gebruik om die morfologiese eienskappe van verskillende isotaktiese polipropilene te bepaal. Goed gedefineerde en groot sferulitiese morfologie van gemengde a1 (onordelike struktuur) en a2 (ordelike struktuur) kristal-strukture is waargeneem. OM en SEM beelde het ook gewys dat molekulêre massa en taktisiteit ‘n effek het op die kristalstruktuur van die verskillende polipropileenmonsters. Laastens is die meganiese eienskappe van ‘n verskeidenheid homopolimere en vermengde materiale bestudeer, deur gebruik te maak van mikro-hardheid metings en dinamiesmeganiese analise (DMA).
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Forde, Janice. "The molecular biology of the high molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat." Thesis, Rothamsted Research, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.352836.

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Books on the topic "Molecular weight"

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Barrowcliffe, Trevor W. Low molecular weight heparin. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley, 1992.

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R, Cooper Anthony, ed. Determination of molecular weight. New York: J. Wiley, 1989.

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Kampen, Thorsten U. Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductors. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527629978.

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Bäckvall, Helena, and Janne Lehtiö, eds. The Low Molecular Weight Proteome. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7209-4.

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Nightingale, Philip D. Low molecular weight halocarbons in seawater. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1991.

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Hyers, Thomas M. Treatment handbook of low-molecular-weight heparin. London: Science Press, 2000.

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Christian, Doutremepuich, ed. Low molecular weight heparins in clinical practice. New York: Dekker, 1992.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Effect of molecular weight on polyphenylquinoxaline properties. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1991.

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Zhu, Yibo. Two-dimensional material-based nanosensors for detection of low-molecular-weight molecules. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2018.

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Haug, G., and H. Hoffmann, eds. Pyrethroid Residues, Immunoassays for Low Molecular Weight Compounds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74846-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Molecular weight"

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Cernicharo, Jose. "Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1080. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1020.

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Quintanilla, José Cernicharo. "Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1613. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1020.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 471. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7647.

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Quintanilla, José Cernicharo. "Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1998. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_1020.

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Quintanilla, José Cernicharo. "Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1020-4.

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Mishra, Munmaya, and Biao Duan. "Molecular Weight." In The Essential Handbook of Polymer Terms and Attributes, 111–12. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003161318-109.

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Crompton, T. R. "Molecular Weight." In Practical Polymer Analysis, 304–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2874-6_8.

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Quintanilla, José Cernicharo. "Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1020-3.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Weight-Average Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 808. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12767.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Weight-Average Molecular Weight." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 808. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12768.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molecular weight"

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Hegazy, Amir, Amanda Berryman, Christian Francisco, and Gregory Denbeaux. "Understanding molecular weight effects in polymer photoresists and how variations in molecular weight can affect dissolution rates." In International Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography 2024, edited by Joern-Holger Franke, Kurt G. Ronse, Paolo A. Gargini, Patrick P. Naulleau, and Toshiro Itani, 80. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3035361.

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Ross, Robert J., Kim C. Low, and James E. Shannon. "Polyaspartate Scale Inhibitors - Biodegradable Alternatives to Polyacrylates." In CORROSION 1996, 1–12. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96162.

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Abstract Polyaspartates are highly biodegradable alternatives to polyacrylate based scale inhibitors. This paper presents laboratory testing data on polyaspartate inhibitors of calcium and barium mineral scales. The optimum molecular weight for polyaspartate inhibitors of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate mineral scales was determined to be between 1000 and 4000 Mw (weight average molecular weight as calculated by Size Exclusion Chromatography). For inhibition of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate, polyaspartates in the range of 3000-4000 Mw were most effective. For calcium sulfate inhibition, the optimum molecular weight lies in the 1000 to 2000 Mw range. Biodegradability data (OECD 301B Ready Biodegradability) on polyaspartates of a variety of molecular weights is also presented which demonstrates the high biodegradability of this class of mineral scale inhibitors.
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Graham, G. M., and K. S. Sorbie. "The Effect of Molecular Weight on the Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics of Polymeric Scale Inhibitors on Silica Sand and in Sandstone Cores." In CORROSION 1994, 1–26. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94050.

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Abstract A number of polymeric scale inhibitors are currently used for downhole application in oilfield "squeeze" treatments. These materials must perform the dual role of inhibiting scale formation at low concentration levels whilst giving acceptably long return curves at the wellbore. Both of these design aspects of polymeric scale inhibitors relate to their adsorption characteristics (either on the growing scale crystal or onto the rock substrate) which, in turn, are functions of the molecular weight of the species. In this paper, we examine the effects of inhibitor molecular weight on its adsorption characteristics onto highly quartzitic substrates and we discuss the importance of this factor in governing the dynamics of the inhibitor return curve. The effects of molecular weight on the inhibition efficiency, during both early nucleation and later crystal growth, are also examined. The adsorption/desorption characteristics of three polymeric scale inhibitors, each having a range of molecular weights, are studied in this work: viz. polyacrylate (PAA) and phosphino- polycarboxylate (PPCA) scale inhibitors of weight average molecular weight, Mw &amp;lt; 10,000 g/mol, and polyvinyl sulphonic acid (PVS) inhibitors of Mw &amp;lt; 20,000g/mol. Results using several commercial polymeric materials show that preferential adsorption of higher molecular weight components is observed. In order to examine this effect further, a range of polyelectrolyte inhibitors were synthesised and fractionated in order to give pure, low polydispersity polymers for investigation. Using these polymers, we show that the preferential adsorption of the higher molecular weight components occurs. This is probably because of the increased strength of the binding between the inhibitor and the surface due to increased multiplicity of segment/surface binding sites. It is also demonstrated that the adsorption of these higher molecular weight species may result in the displacement of previously adsorbed low molecular weight species. Corresponding bulk "precipitation" (or phase separation) experiments on the PPCA also show preferential loss from solution of the higher molecular weight species. Results on the scale inhibition efficiency of barium sulphate, obtained for the same range of polymeric inhibitors, are also presented as functions of molecular weight. The factors required to ensure a long return curve are not necessarily the same as those for efficient inhibition under certain solution conditions (e.g. solution pH). This illustrates the importance of reaching a compromise in terms of molecular weight between inhibition efficiency and squeeze lifetime. The significance of these findings for field squeeze treatments using polymeric inhibitors is discussed.
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Thilakarathna, Eshan Dilina, Gregory Denbeaux, Sakiko Enomoto, Masataka Nojima, and Toshikage Asakura. "Effects of polymer molecular weight and monomer concentration variations on resist stochastics and molecular segregation." In Advances in Patterning Materials and Processes XLII, edited by Ryan Callahan and Anuja De Silva, 46. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3050856.

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Zampini, Anthony, Pamela Turci, George J. Cernigliaro, Harold F. Sandford, Gary J. Swanson, Catherine C. Meister, and Roger F. Sinta. "High-resolution positive photoresists: novolac molecular weight and molecular weight distribution effects." In Microlithography '90, 4-9 Mar, San Jose, edited by Michael P. C. Watts. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.20105.

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Hamblin, Mark J., Yee Chan-Li, Samuel L. Collins, Robert W. Hallowell, and Maureen R. Horton. "Low Molecular Weight Statin Derivatives Inhibit Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Induced Inflammatory Signals." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2855.

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Wei, Fang, Erick Acosta, Kiran Gawas, and Pushkala Krishnamurthy. "Targeting High Molecular Weight Wax." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/173775-ms.

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Davied, S., Y. F. Nicolau, F. Melis, and A. Revillon. "Molecular weight determinaiton of polyaniline." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835410.

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Kabanemi, Kalonji K., Jean-Franc¸ois He´tu, and Samira H. Sammoun. "Experimental Study on Flow-Front Fingering Instabilities in Injection Molding of Polymer Solutions and Melts." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59078.

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An experimental investigation of the flow behavior of dilute, semi-dilute and concentrated polymer solutions has been carried out to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to the occurrence of instabilities at the advancing flow front during the filling of a mold cavity. Experiments were performed using various mass concentrations of low and high molecular weight polyacrylamide polymers in corn syrup and water. This paper reports a new type of elastic fingering instabilities at the advancing flow front that has been observed only in semi-dilute polymer solutions of high molecular weight polymers. These flow front elastic instabilities seem to arise as a result of a mixture of widely separated high molecular weight polymer molecules and low molecular weight solvent molecules, which gives rise to a largely non-uniform polydisperse solution, with respect to all the kinds of molecules in the resulting mixture (solvent molecules and polymer molecules). The occurrence of these instabilities appears to be independent of the injection flow rate and the cavity thickness. Moreover, these instabilities do not manifest themselves in dilute or concentrated regimes, where respectively, polymer molecules and solvent molecules are minor perturbation of the resulting solution. In those regimes, smooth flow fronts are confirmed from our experiments. Based on these findings, the experimental investigations have been extended to polymer melts. Different mixtures of polycarbonate melts of widely separated molecular weights (low and high molecular weights) were first prepared. The effect of the large polydispersity of the resulting mixtures on the flow front behavior was subsequently studied. The same instabilities at the flow front were observed only in the experiments where a very small amount of high molecular weight polycarbonate polymer has been mixed to a low molecular weight polycarbonate melt (oligomers).
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Xianhong Wang, Lixiang Wang, Xiabin Jing, and Fosong Wang. "Molecular weight and properties of polyaniline." In International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsm.1994.835362.

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Reports on the topic "Molecular weight"

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Guttman, Charles M., John R. Maurey, and Peter H. Verdier. Determination of the weight average molecular weight of SRM 1480. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4837.

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Roberts, Christine Cardinal, Alan Graham, Martin Nemer, Leslie M. Phinney, Robert M. Garcia, Melissa Marie Soehnel, and Emily Kate Stirrup. Physical Properties of Low-Molecular Weight Polydimethylsiloxane Fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1343365.

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Long, Treva, and Ferdinand Rodriguez. Dissolution of Poly(p-hydroxystyrene): Molecular Weight Effects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232155.

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DeSimone, Joseph, and Douglas Kiserow. Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Polycarbonates Using Supercritical CO2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392832.

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Ternan, M., P. Rahimi, D. Liu, and D. M. Clugston. Coprocessing: elemental and molecular weight distributions in unconverted vacuum residues. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304596.

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Kelly, Daniel, and April Dawn Longhair. XPS and IR Characterization of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1179842.

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Wick, Charles H., and Patrick E. McCubbin. Filtration Characteristics of MS2 Bacteriophage Using Various Molecular Weight Filters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368535.

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Fang, Hsu-Wei, Stephen M. Hsu, and Jan V. Sengers. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear particle effects on bioactivity. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1002.

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Zhang, Timothy G., Sikhanda S. Satapathy, Lionel R. Vargas-Gonzalez, and Shawn M. Walsh. Modeling Ballistic Response of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012075.

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Gao, H. Crosslinked, flexible, low-molecular-weight polyacrylamide gels for mobility control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5405561.

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