Relevant bibliographies by topics / Molten salt corrosion

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Molten salt corrosion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Molten salt corrosion"

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Ma, Hong Fang, Ming Zhu, Qing Zhu, and Yan Li. "Corrosion Behaviors of Thermal Diffusion Coating on the Surface of Inconel625 Alloy in Chloride Molten Salts." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.589.

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In solar thermal storage system, the mixed chloride molten salt with the higher conversion efficiency than a single molten salt, but they are more corrosive than the often used nitride molten salts. In the presents work, aluminide and chromate coating were prepared on the surface of Inconel625 alloy by thermal packing method. The corrosion behaviors of thermal diffusion coating on the surface of Inconel625 alloy in mixed molten salts at 900°C were studied by using XRD and SEM equipped with EDS in the present work. The results showed that both of the two thermal diffusion coatings have sever corrosion in the mixed chloride molten salts, but thermal diffusion Al coating in the mixed chloride molten salt corrosion is more serious than thermal diffusion Cr coating, because Cr2O3is more easily dissolved in the molten salt than Al2O3.
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Nishikata, Atsushi, Hiroo Numata, and Tooru Tsuru. "Electrochemistry of molten salt corrosion." Materials Science and Engineering: A 146, no. 1-2 (October 1991): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90265-o.

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Ravi Shankar, A., and U. Kamachi Mudali. "Corrosion of Nickel Alloys in Molten LiCl-KCl Medium Under Cl2 Bubbling." Corrosion 74, no. 2 (August 27, 2017): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2284.

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Pyrochemical reprocessing utilizing molten chloride salt medium has been considered as one of the best options for the reprocessing of spent metallic fuels from future fast breeder reactors. Purification of molten salt is an important step where chlorine gas is purged in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at 873 K. Materials for manufacturing of vessels and components for salt purification system should possess high corrosion resistance under such a highly corrosive environment. The present paper discusses the corrosion behavior of INCONEL Alloys 600 (UNS N06600), 625 (UNS N06625), and 690 (UNS N06690) and their welds in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at 873 K under Cl2 bubbling. Characterization of the exposed surfaces was performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and glancing incidence x-ray diffraction. The results of the present study indicated that N06600 and N06690 offered better corrosion resistance compared to N06625. Surface morphology of the exposed base metal and weld metal surfaces exhibited intergranular and interdendritic corrosion, respectively, on N06600 and N06625. SEM micrographs clearly indicated that N06690 exhibited uniform dissolution, while N06600 and N06625 exhibited localized attack. The paper highlights the results of the present investigation.
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Kim, Wan-Bae, Woo-Seok Choi, Kyu-Seok Lim, Soo-Haeng Cho, and Jong-Hyeon Lee. "High-Temperature Corrosion Behavior of Al-Coated Ni-Base Alloys in Lithium Molten Salt for Electroreduction." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030328.

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The electrolytic reduction of a spent oxide fuel involves the liberation of oxygen in a molten salt LiCl–Li2O electrolyte, which creates a corrosive environment for typical structural materials. In this study, the corrosion behaviors of Al–Y-coated specimens in a Li molten salt kept under an oxidizing atmosphere at 650 °C for 72 and 168 h were investigated. The weight loss fraction of the coated specimen to bare specimen was approximately 60% for 3% Li2O and 54% for 8% Li2O at 72 h, and approximately 38% for 3% Li2O and 30% for 8% Li2O at 168 h. Corrosion was induced in the LiCl–Li2O molten salt by the basic oxide ion O2− via the basic flux mechanism, and the corrosion product was found to be dependent on the activity of the O2− ion. The increase in weight loss may have been caused by the increase in the O2− concentration due to the increase in the Li2O concentration rather than being because of the increased reaction time. The Al–Y coating was found to be beneficial for hot corrosion resistance, which can be useful for handling high-temperature lithium molten salt under an oxidizing atmosphere.
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Xu, Yang Tao, Wan Ping Wang, Tian Dong Xia, Bao Lin Jia, and Gui Lan Zhang. "Hot corrosion resistance of four graphite material in molten Solar Salt." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.479.

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Solar Salt is the best hot transfer medium molten salt of solar thermal power generation.In order to study the hot corrosion behavior of four graphite is in the molten Solar Salt.The graphite immersed equipped with molten salt crucible placed in a muffle furnace,each period of time remove the sample and weight the weight gain until the sample is completely destroyed.The destruction forming of graphite is analyzed by XRD, SEM and OP.The study found that the order of hot resistant corrosion of molten Solar Salt of four graphite materials are the fine structuregraphite,isostatic graphite,9# graphite and cold pressing graphite.The principal factors can affect hot corrosion resistant of graphite is the graphitization degree. The hot corrosion resistance of the graphite can be enhanced with the increase of graphitization degree.
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Prasanna, P. Akshay, P. Subramani, V. Sreenivasulu, N. Arivazhagan, M. Manikandan, and Duoli WU. "High-Temperature Corrosion Behaviour of HVOF Sprayed Cr3C2- 25NiCr Coated on Alloy X22CrMoV12-1 at 600o C." Journal of Thermal Spray and Engineering 1, no. 1 (2018): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52687/2582-1474/112.

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The present study investigates the hot corrosion behaviour of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed alloy X22CrMoV12-1 with Cr3C2-25NiCr coating at 600oC. The study was carried out by air and molten salt environment for both coated and uncoated substrates for 50 cycles. Thermogravimetry analysis was carried out to evaluate the hot corrosion by calculating the mass changes in each cycle. The results show that coating provides the marginally good corrosion resistance than the uncoated alloy. The formation of Fe2O3 and MoO3 phases in the uncoated substrates in both air and molten salt environments reduces the corrosion resistance at the high-temperature environment. The formation of Ni2Oand spinel oxide NiCr2O4 provided good resistance to corrosion in the coated substrates in the air and molten salt environment.
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Wang, Mingjing, Song Zeng, Huihui Zhang, Ming Zhu, Chengxin Lei, and Boshuai Li. "Corrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 625 alloy in chloride molten salts for solar energy storage." High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0077.

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AbstractCorrosion behaviors of 316 stainless steel (316 ss) and Inconel 625 alloy in molten NaCl–KCl–ZnCl2 at 700°C and 900°C were investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the phases and microstructures of the corrosion products. Inconel 625 alloy and 316 ss exhibited high corrosion rates in molten chlorides, and the corrosion rates of these two alloys accelerated when the temperature increased from 700°C to 900°C. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that both alloys exhibited active corrosion in chloride molten salt, and the current density of 316 ss in chloride molten salt at 700°C was 2.756 mA/cm−2, which is about three times the value for Inconel 625 alloy; and the values of the charge transfer resistance (Rt) for Inconel 625 were larger than those for 316 ss. The corrosion of these two alloys is owing to the preferred oxidation of Cr in chloride molten salt, and the corrosion layer was mainly ZnCr2O4 which was loose and porous and showed poor adherence to metal.
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Zhu, Ming, Hongfang Ma, Mingjing Wang, Zhihua Wang, and Adel Sharif. "Effects of Cations on Corrosion of Inconel 625 in Molten Chloride Salts." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0225.

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AbstractHot corrosion of Inconel 625 in sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and their mixtures with different compositions is conducted at 900°C to investigate the effects of cations in chloride salts on corrosion behavior of the alloy. XRD, SEM/EDS were used to analyze the compositions, phases, and morphologies of the corrosion products. The results showed that Inconel 625 suffers more severe corrosion in alkaline earth metal chloride molten salts than alkaline metal chloride molten salts. For corrosion in mixture salts, the corrosion rate increased with increasing alkaline earth metal chloride salt content in the mixture. Cations in the chloride molten salts mainly affect the thermal and chemical properties of the salts such as vapor pressure and hydroscopicities, which can affect the basicity of the molten salt. Corrosion of Inconel 625 in alkaline earth metal chloride salts is accelerated with increasing basicity.
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Garcia, Béatrice, and Michel Armand. "Aluminium corrosion in room temperature molten salt." Journal of Power Sources 132, no. 1-2 (May 2004): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.12.046.

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Zeng, C. L., W. Wang, and W. T. Wu. "Electrochemical impedance models for molten salt corrosion." Corrosion Science 43, no. 4 (April 2001): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-938x(00)00108-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Molten salt corrosion"

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Meyer, Joseph Freeman. "Recovery boiler superheater corrosion - solubility of metal oxides in molten salt." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47742.

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The recovery boiler in a pulp and paper mill plays a dual role of recovering pulping chemicals and generating steam for either chemical processes or producing electricity. The efficiency of producing steam in the recovery boiler is limited by the first melting temperature of ash deposits that accumulate on the superheater tubes. Above the first melting temperature, the molten salt reacts with the protective oxide film that develops and dissolves it. The most protective oxide is determined by evaluating how little it dissolves and how its solubility changes in the molten salt. Solubility tests were done on several protective oxides in a known salt composition from a recovery boiler that burns hardwood derived fuel. ICP-OES was used to measure concentration of dissolved metal in the exposure tests while EDS and XRD were used to verify chemical compositions in exposure tests. NiO was found to be the least soluble oxide while Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ had similar solubility with Fe₂O₃ being less soluble than Cr₂O₃ but more soluble than NiO. Exposure tests with pure metals and selected alloys indicated that even though Fe₂O₃ has little solubility, it is not a protective oxide and causes severe corrosion in stainless steels. The change in performance of iron based alloys was due to the development of a negative solubility gradient for Fe₂O₃ where Fe₂O₃ precipitated out of solution and created a continuous leaching of oxide. Manganese was found to be beneficial in stainless steels but its role is still unknown. Nickel based alloys were found to be least corroded due to nickel's low solubility and because it did not form a negative solubility gradient.
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Alkhamis, Mohammad, and Mohammad Alkhamis. "Stability of Metal in Molten Chloride Salt at 800˚C." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622893.

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The stability of Haynes 230 and Hastelloy C-276 nickel alloys exposed to high temperature molten salt with trace contaminants (i.e., water and oxygen) is found to be acceptable for using these metals to house anaerobic MgCl2-KCl and NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 molten salts at 800oC. The corrosion rate determined by gravimetric tests range from -98 µm/year to 20. 13 µm/year at 800˚C. The corrosion rate is estimated to be 16.14 µm/year for Haynes 230 and 10.03 µm/year for Hastelloy C-276 based on the weight loss and surface area of the coupons when the coupons of Haynes 230 and Hastelloy C-276 alloys are immersed in molten MgCl2-KCl salt in sealed quartz containers and left in an oven at a temperature of 800˚C up to 16 days. The corrosion rate is estimated to be -20.46 µm/year for Haynes 230 and -7.36 µm/year for Hastelloy C-276 based on the weight loss and surface area of the coupons when the alloys are immersed in molten NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 salt in sealed quartz containers and left in an oven at 800˚C up to 56 days. The corrosion rate of the alloys are well below the DOE requirement of 50 µm/year for the alloys in molten chloride salts to be considered acceptably stable. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) after immersion of Haynes 230 and Hastelloy C-276 in molten salt ranged from 634 MPa to 860 MPa. The UTS of Haynes 230 is estimated to be 642 MPa after exposure to NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 for 4 weeks at 800˚c and 841 MPa after exposure to MgCl2-KCl for 4 weeks at 800˚c compared to an untreated sample which achieved a UTS of 851 MPa. Likewise, the UTS of Hastelloy C-276 is estimated to be 692 MPa after exposure to NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 for 4 weeks at 800˚c and 842 MPa after exposure to MgCl2-KCl for 4 weeks at 800˚c compared to an untreated sample which achieved a UTS of 830 MPa. Molten chloride salts, such as NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 and KCl-MgCl2, are pretreated by heating and bubbling dry Argon gas in the salt in order to remove oxygen and water and thereby reduce the corrosion of metal containers of molten salt. Monitoring the relative humidity and percent oxygen of the exhaust gas during the sparging of dry Argon at 240 sccm into 150 g of molten chloride salt at 500˚C for NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 and 700˚C for KCl-MgCl2 allows an estimation time to reach a low level of oxygen and water in the salt and to estimate the amount of oxygen and water removed. Results show water is more difficult to remove than oxygen from the salt. Ten minutes of sparging with dry argon brings oxygen content of exhuast gas to<0.1% O2. Approximately fifty minutes of sparging leaves the exhaust gas only containing<0.7% RH. The total moles of oxygen removed from the salts are estimated to be 0.0043 moles for molten NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 and 0.0076 moles for KCl-MgCl2. The total moles of water removed from the NaCl-KCl-ZnCl2 salt is estimated to be 0.016108379 moles and 0.002321214 moles from molten KCl-MgCl2.
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T, Devaadithya Gardiya Wasam Lidamulage Chrishani Maheswari, and Devaadithya Gardiya Wasam Lidamulage Chrishani Maheswari T. "Corrosion of Commercial Nickel Based Hastelloys Exposed to Molten ZnCl2 based Salt Systems." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623147.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) systems are a promising technology which helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions linked with electricity generation. Molten salt systems such as nitrides, nitrates and are widely used as heat transfer fluids (HTF) in CSP plants. HTF is one of the most important components for overall performance and efficiency of the CSP system. The heat transfer fluids currently used in CSP systems are either hydrocarbon oils or alkali- nitrate based eutectic slat mixtures. Both nitrate based salts and hydrocarbon oil have limited operating temperature and thermal. Hence there is a need to come up with a new heat transfer fluids made from inexpensive naturally abundant materials, which are stable up to 1000ᵒC. The Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) team based at U of A has proposed molten chloride eutectic salt systems (NaCl,KCl, ZnCl2) as a commercially viable HTFs. Indeed molten chloride eutectic salt systems increase the efficiency of the CSP systems at high temperatures while remaining stable and producing low vapor pressure. However, they raise the risk of potential corrosion in piping / container alloys. The main objectives of this work is to understand the corrosion mechanisms of metal alloys in contact with ZnCl2 based salt systems, purify low purity grade ZnCl2 salts in cost effective way and to investigate the alternative alloys, which are resistant to corrosion by ZnCl2.
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Dsouza, Brendan Harry. "Material Degradation Studies in Molten Halide Salts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103052.

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This study focused on molten salt purification processes to effectively reduce or eliminate the corrosive contaminants without altering the salt's chemistry and properties. The impurity-driven corrosion behavior of HAYNES® 230® alloy in the molten KCl-MgCl2-NaCl salt was studied at 800 ºC for 100 hours with different salt purity conditions. The H230 alloy exhibited better corrosion resistance in the salt with lower concentration of impurities. Furthermore, it was also found that the contaminants along with salt's own vaporization at high temperatures severely corroded even the non-wetted surface of the alloy. The presence of Mg in its metal form in the salt resulted in an even higher mass-loss possibly due to Mg-Ni interaction. The study also investigated the corrosion characteristics of several nickel and ferrous-based alloys in the molten KCl-MgCl2-NaCl salt. The average mass-loss was in the increasing order of C276 < SS316L < 709-RBB* < IN718 < H230 < 709-RBB < 709-4B2. The corrosion process was driven by the outward diffusion of chromium. However, other factors such as the microstructure of the alloy i.e. its manufacturing, refining, and heat-treatment processes have also shown to influence the corrosion process. Lowering the Cr content and introducing W and Mo in the alloy increased its resistance to corrosion but their non-uniform distribution in the alloy restricted its usefulness. To slow-down the corrosion process, and enhance the material properties, selected alloys were boronized and tested for their compatibility in the molten KCl-MgCl2-NaCl salt. The borided alloys exhibited better resistance to molten salt attack, where the boride layer in the exposed alloy was still intact, non-porous, and strongly adhered to the substrate. The alloys also did not show any compensation in their properties (hardness). It was also found that the boride layer always composed of an outermost silicide composite layer, which is also the weakest and undesired layer as it easily cracks, breaks, or depletes under mechanical and thermal stresses. Various different grades of "virgin" nuclear graphites were also tested in the molten KF-UF4-NaF salt to assist in the selection of tolerable or impermeable graphites for the MSR operational purposes. It was found that molten salt wettability with graphite was poor but it still infiltrated at higher pressure. Additionally, the infiltration also depended on the pore-size and porosity of the graphite. The graphite also showed severe degradation or disintegration of its structure because of induced stresses.
Doctor of Philosophy
Molten salts are considered as potential fuel and coolant candidates in MSRs because of their desirable thermophysical properties and heat-transfer capabilities. However, they pose grave challenges in material selection due to their corrosive nature, which is attributed to the impurities and their concentration (mostly moisture and oxygen-based) in the salt. This study focused on purifying the salt to reduce these contaminants without compromising its composition and properties. The influence of purification processes on the corrosion behavior of HAYNES® 230® alloy was studied in the molten chloride salt with different purity conditions. Various nickel and ferrous-based alloys were also studied for their compatibility in the molten chloride salt. This will assist in expediting the material selection process for various molten salt applications. It was observed that several factors such as alloy composition, its microstructure, impurities in the salt attribute to molten salt corrosion. It was also quite evident that corrosion in molten salts is inevitable and hence, the focus was shifted on slowing down this process by providing protective barriers in the form of coatings (i.e. boronization). The borided (coated) alloys not only improved the corrosion resistance but also enhanced and retained their properties like hardness after exposure to molten salts. Since these studies were conducted under static conditions, a more detailed investigation is needed for the selected alloys by subjecting them to extreme flow-conditions and for longer a duration of time. To achieve this objective, a forced circulation molten salt loop was designed and fabricated to conduct flow corrosion studies for alloys in molten chloride salt. Graphite is another critical component of the MSR where it is used as a moderator or reflector. Generally, molten salts exhibit poor wettability with graphite, but they can still infiltrate (graphites) at higher applied pressures, and result in the degradation or disintegration of graphite's structure, and eventually its failure in the reactor. This study provides infiltration data, and understanding of the degradation of various 'virgin' nuclear graphite grades by the molten fluoride salt. This should assist in the selection of tolerable or impermeable graphite grades for MSR operational purposes.
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Wang, Zhangqi [Verfasser], Alexander [Gutachter] Hartmaier, and Stefan [Gutachter] Zaefferer. "Investigation of crystallographic character and molten‐salt‐corrosion properties of grain boundaries in a stainless steel using EBSD and ab-initio calculations / Zhangqi Wang ; Gutachter: Alexander Hartmaier, Stefan Zaefferer." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142001547/34.

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Najafi, Ehsan. "Understanding the effect of material composition and microstructure on the hot corrosion behaviour of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för avverkande och additativa tillverkningsprocesser (AAT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14532.

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Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are used in the hot sections of gas turbine engine in order to insulate the substrate at high temperature. Molten salt infiltration retards the durability of TBCs. The current standard material, i.e. 8YSZ is susceptible to molten salt infiltration. Therefore, alternate TBC materials are desirable. In addition to material composition, the TBC microstructure plays an important role in mitigating molten salt infiltration. Therefore, in this work, three different TBC variations were investigated. The first variation was a columnar microstructured 48YSZ TBC processed by SPS (48YSZ-SPS). The second variation was a columnar microstructured 8YSZ TBC processed by SPS (8YSZ-SPS), and the third variation was a lamellar microstructured 8YSZ TBC deposited by APS (8YSZ-APS). The as-sprayed TBC specimens were characterized by SEM/EDS, porosity analysis and XRD measurements. Later, the TBC specimens were exposed to hot corrosion test and their interaction with the molten salts were investigated using SEM (EDS and XRD). It was shown that an increase in stabilizer content (yttria content) in zirconia (in the case of 48YSZ) leads to an improved hot corrosion resistance due to the adequate amount of yttria content, which restricts the molten salt infiltration by forming needle like YVO4 phase. In terms of microstructure comparison, the infiltration behavior was similar for columnar microstructured 8YSZ and lamellar microstructured 8YSZ-APS as the molten salts infiltrated the coatings completely compared to the 48YSZ TBC. Furthermore, it seems that the molten salt infiltrates the TBC through globular pores, delamination cracks and splat boundaries in the case of APS-TBCs whereas the column gaps favor easier infiltration of molten salts in the case of columnar microstructured SPS processed TBCs.
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Ruiz-Cabañas, F. Javier. "Corrosion evaluation of molten salts thermal energy storage (TES) systems in concentrated solar power plants (CSP)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671680.

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El protagonisme creixent de la tecnologia solar termoelèctrica entre el ventall de les energies renovables es centra en la seva capacitat d’adaptar la seva producció a la demanda energètica exigida. La gestionabilitat d’aquest tipus de centrals s’ha aconseguit amb la integració de sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic en les mateixes. La major part dels sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic, ja sigui els que s’utilitzen a nivell comercial com aquells que es troben en fase de desenvolupament proposen l’ús de sals inorgàniques foses com a medi d’emmagatzematge. Aquestes sals presenten l’inconvenient de la seva alta corrosivitat a altes temperatures. Per un costat, s’han analitzat els fenòmens de corrosió associats a les sals solars utilitzades a la planta pilot TES-PS10 mitjançant la instal·lació de racks de testimonis de corrosió als tancs de sals. A més, al finalitzar l’operació de la instal·lació pilot s’ha dut a terme un estudi post-mortem dels seus. Finalment, amb l’objectiu d’abaratir el cost de l’inventari de sals, s’ha analitzat a nivell de laboratori la corrosivitat de diferents mescles de nitrats de baixa puresa. El segon bloc de la tesi es centra en els sistemes d’emmagatzematge tèrmic en calor latent. Concretament, s’analitza la corrosió associada a la mescla peritèctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH proposta com a material de canvi de fase en un mòdul d’evaporació d’instal·lacions termoelèctriques de generació directa de vapor. D’aquesta forma, s’han dut a terme una sèrie d’assajos a nivell de laboratori amb l’objectiu d’avaluar el comportament envers la corrosió de diferents materials en contacte amb aquests hidròxids.
El creciente protagonismo de la tecnología solar se centra en su capacidad para adaptar su producción a la demanda energética exigida. La gestionabilidad de este tipo de centrales se ha conseguido mediante la integración de sistemas de almacenamiento térmico en sales fundidas. El uso de sales fundidas en sistemas de almacenamiento térmico presenta el hándicap de su corrosividad a alta temperatura. El primer bloque de la Tesis analiza los fenómenos de corrosión asociados a las sales solares en la planta piloto TES-PS10 mediante la instalación de racks de corrosión en los tanques de sales. Además, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio post-mortem de componentes de la instalación. Finalmente, se ha analizado a nivel de laboratorio la corrosividad de distintas mezclas de nitrato de baja pureza. El segundo bloque de la tesis se centra en los sistemas de almacenamiento en calor latente. En concreto, se analiza la corrosión asociada a la mezcla peritéctica 46% LiOH-54% KOH propuesta como material de cambio de fase en el módulo de evaporación en plantas de generación directa de vapor. De este modo, se han llevado a cabo ensayos de corrosión a nivel de laboratorio para evaluar el comportamiento a corrosión de distintos materiales en contacto con los hidróxidos.
The growing of concentrated solar power (CSP) within the different renewable energies is due to its ability to adapt the production to the required energy demand. The dispatchability of this type of plants has been achieved through the integration of molten salts thermal storage systems (TES). Molten salts have a handicap associated to their corrosiveness at high temperature. First block of this Thesis analyzes the corrosion phenomena associated with solar salts used in TES-PS10 pilot plant by installing corrosion racks in the salt tanks. Moreover, a postmortem study of different components was performed after facility shut down. Finally, in order to reduce the cost of the salt inventory in TES systems, the corrosivity of different low purity nitrates mixtures has been analyzed at laboratory scale. The second block of the Thesis focuses on latent heat storage systems. Specifically, it has been analyzed the corrosion associated with the proposed 46% LiOH-54% KOH peritectic mixture as a phase change material in the evaporation module of direct steam generation (DSG) CSP plants. Thus, corrosion tests have been performed at laboratory level to evaluate the corrosion performance of several materials in contact with such hydroxides.
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Jeanis, Ian Lander. "Defect Measurement In Metal Oxides After Corrosion." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu162677591443803.

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Skowronski, Natasha (Natasha C. ). "Telluridm-induced corrosion of structural alloys for nuclear applications in molten salts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115454.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2017.
DISCLAIMER NOTICE: The pagination in this thesis reflects how it was delivered to the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-48).
The mechanism by which tellurium causes intergranular corrosion (IGC) of structural alloys in molten salt reactors is currently poorly understood. Limited corrosion testing has been performed on a few select alloys in simulated reactor conditions. In this thesis, the results of performing 50 h, 100 h, and 150 h corrosion tests on alloys Hastelloy N, Nickel-201, Incoloy 8ooH, and 316L Stainless Steel are presented. Upon inspection of the corroded surfaces of each alloy after its immersion in molten LiF-NaF-KF (FLiNaK) salt at 700 °C using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), a consistent corrosion rate could not be determined for any of the alloys, nor could confident identification of telluride compounds within the corrosion layer or grain boundaries of any alloy be made. However, the results did appear to confirm the importance of using a low oxygen environment and avoidance of galvanic corrosion during testing. Furthermore, preliminary results from EDS analysis of one alloy sample implied that, with improved count rates taken during the elemental identification process, tellurium may be more clearly revealed in the corrosion layers and grain boundaries of the alloys tested.
by Natasha Skowronski.
S.B.
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Mohammadi, Zahrani Ehsan. "Hot corrosion of wrought and weld overlay alloy 625 in molten salts environments." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45554.

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KIVCET smelter is a modern direct smelting process which has been used to replace conventional sinter/blast furnace technology in pyrometallurgical process of lead and zinc. Although heavy metals including Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe as well as S, O and Cl, are the main elements playing a leading role in the formation of molten phase on the waterwall tubes of the KIVCET waste heat boiler, hot corrosion behavior and electrochemical properties of weld overlay and wrought alloy 625 have not been studied yet in the molten salt environments containing the above-mentioned elements. The present study was carried out to study hot corrosion behavior of the weld overlay and wrought alloy 625 as well as failure mechanism of the weld overlay alloy 625 under the corrosive conditions of the radiant boiler in the KIVCET smelter. It was found that the deposited salt mixtures on the waterwall tubes of the radiant boiler had a strong tendency to form a molten phase at the operating temperature range of the radiant boiler. Presence of the deposited salt mixtures and the formation of the molten phase led to the occurrence of the hot corrosion attack in the waterwall and the ultimate failure of the weld overlay. The dilution and, consequently, the presence of a significant amount of Fe in the weldment composition were the key issues in the alloy 625 weld overlay. High concentrations of sulfur and oxygen in the grain boundaries of the wrought alloy 625 are to blame for the occurrence of the intergranular corrosion together with the internal attack. An electrochemical model (a porous and non-protective barrier layer model) was used to explain the corrosion/electrochemical behavior of the wrought alloy which fit into the obtained EIS data well.
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Books on the topic "Molten salt corrosion"

1

Adesanya, Oluwole Ade. The effect of laser surface treatment on the molten salt corrosion of refractory materials. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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L, Smialek J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Molten salt corrosion of SiC: Pitting mechanism. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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L, Smialek James, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Molten salt corrosion of SiC: Pitting mechanism. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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C, Sequeira C. A., ed. High temperature corrosion in Molten Salts. Uetikon-Zürich: Trans Tech Publications LTD, 2003.

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High Termperature Corrosion in Molten Salts. Trans Tech Pubn, 2003.

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L, Smialek James, Fox Dennis S, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Molten salt corrosion of SiC and Si₃N₄. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, NASA, 1988.

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L, Smialek James, Fox Dennis S, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Molten salt corrosion of SiC and Sib□-s□b3b□-s□sNb□-s□b4b□-s□s. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, NASA, 1988.

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N, Lee Kang, Yoshio Tetsuo, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Corrosion of mullite by molten salts. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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N, Lee Kang, Yoshio Tetsuo, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Corrosion of mullite by molten salts. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Molten salt corrosion"

1

Jacobson, N. S., J. L. Smialek, and D. S. Fox. "Molten Salt Corrosion of Ceramics." In NATO Science Series E: (closed), 205–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1182-9_16.

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Jacobson, Nathan S., James L. Smialek, and Dennis S. Fox. "Molten Salt Corrosion of SiC and Si3N4." In Handbook of Ceramics and Composites, 99–136. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210085-5.

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Hara, Motoi, and Michihisa Fukumoto. "Preparation of Highly Oxidation-Resistant Surface by Molten Salt Electrodeposition." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005, 255–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.255.

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Zheng, Guiqiu, David Carpenter, Lin-Wen Hu, and Kumar Sridharan. "High Temperature Corrosion of Structural Alloys in Molten Li2BeF4(FLiBe) Salt." In Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies V: Ceramic Transactions, 93–101. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119323624.ch9.

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Fukumoto, Michihisa, Motoi Hara, and Toshio Narita. "Formation of Ni Aluminide Layer Containing La by Molten-Salt Electrodeposition and Cyclic-Oxidation Resistance." In High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005, 377–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-409-x.377.

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Birks, N., G. H. Meier, and F. S. Pettit. "Degradation of coatings by high temperature atmospheric corrosion and molten salt deposits." In Metallurgical and Ceramic Protective Coatings, 290–305. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1501-5_11.

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Bilbao, E. de, P. Prigent, C. Mehdi-Souzani, M. L. Bouchetou, N. Schmitt, J. Poirier, and E. Blond. "Measurement of the Volume Expansion of SiC Refractories Induced by Molten Salt Corrosion." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 65–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch11.

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Peng, Yuxiang, and Ramana G. Reddy. "Effect of Mn and Zn Inhibitors on the Corrosion of Incoloy 800H in the MgCl2–KCl Molten Salt." In TMS 2020 149th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 1741–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36296-6_161.

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Zahrani, E. Mohammadi, and A. M. Alfantazi. "The Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of 625 Superalloy in PbSO4-Pb3O5-PbCl-ZnO Molten Salt System with 10 wt. % CdO." In Supplemental Proceedings, 725–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062142.ch88.

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Kaplan, Mustafa, Mesut Uyaner, Yasin Ozgurluk, Kadir Mert Doleker, and Abdullah Cahit Karaoglanli. "Evaluation of Hot Corrosion Behavior of APS and HVOF Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) Exposed to Molten Na2SO4 + V2O5 Salt at 1000 °C." In Engineering Design Applications, 441–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79005-3_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Molten salt corrosion"

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Gomez, Judith C., Robert Tirawat, and Edgar E. Vidal. "Hot Corrosion Studies Using Electrochemical Techniques of Alloys in a Chloride Molten Salt (NaCl-LiCl) at 650°C." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6739.

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Next-generation solar power conversion systems in concentrating solar power (CSP) applications require high-temperature advanced fluids in the range of 600° to 900°C. Molten salts are good candidates for CSP applications, but they are generally very corrosive to common alloys used in vessels, heat exchangers, and piping at these elevated temperatures. The majority of the molten-salt corrosion evaluations for sulfates with chlorides and some vanadium compounds have been performed for waste incinerators, gas turbine engines, and electric power generation (steam-generating equipment) applications for different materials and molten-salt systems. The majority of the molten-salt corrosion kinetic models under isothermal and thermal cyclic conditions have been established using the weight-loss method and metallographic cross-section analyses. Electrochemical techniques for molten salts have not been employed for CSP applications in the past. Recently, these techniques have been used for a better understanding of the fundamentals behind the hot corrosion mechanisms for thin-film molten salts in gas turbine engines and electric power generation. The chemical (or electrochemical) reactions and transport modes are complex for hot corrosion in systems involving multi-component alloys and salts; but some insight can be gained through thermochemical models to identify major reactions. Electrochemical evaluations were performed on 310SS and In800H in the molten eutectic NaCl-LiCl at 650°C using an open current potential followed by a potentiodynamic polarization sweep. Corrosion rates were determined using Tafel slopes and the Faraday law. The corrosion current density and the corrosion potentials using Pt wire as the reference electrode are reported.
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Gomes, Anabela, T. Paiva Luís, I. Figueira, and T. C. Diamantino. "Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel Alloys in Molten Solar Salt." In EuroSun2016. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2016.03.12.

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Seong, B. G., and S. Y. Hwang. "A Study on Thermal Spray Coatings of Recuperators." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0049.

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Abstract High temperature corrosion is a serious problem on tlie heat exchanger tubes of recuperators because they encounter an corrosive environment at maximum temperature around 900°C. These tubes were found to be corroded via oxidation, sulfidation and molten salt corrosion. Particularly molten salt corrosion could be the most severe corrosion mechanism. As a protective coating for recuperators, nickel and cobalt based self-fluxing alloys, iron based amorphous alloy and chromium carbide cermet coatings were considered. These coatings were prepared by an arc spray and or/not fusing or a HVOF spray. Their molten salt corrosion resistance was tested, and the high temperature corrosion resistance in a SO2 containing atmosphere was examined. Also microstructures of the coatings were studied after corrosion tests.
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Ard, J., T. Besmann, M. Christian, K. Johnson, J. McMurray, and J. Yingling. "Thermodynamic Insights Into Corrosion in NaCl-LiCl-UCl3-UCl4 Molten Salt." In Transactions - 2020 Virtual Conference. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t122-32095.

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Petrie, C. "Fiber Optic Sensor for Corrosion Monitoring in Molten Salt Irradiation Experiments." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t30964.

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Ard, J., T. Besmann, M. Christian, K. Johnson, J. McMurray, and J. Yingling. "Thermodynamic Insights Into Corrosion in NaCl-LiCl-UCl3-UCl4 Molten Salt." In Transactions - 2020 Virtual Conference. AMNS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t32095.

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Bell, Stuart, Daniel Stoker, Geoff Will, and Ted Steinberg. "Effects of mechanical stress on high temperature corrosion in molten salt." In SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5117720.

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Usrey, Michael W., Yiping Liu, Mark Anderson, Jon Lubbers, Brady Knowles, Kevin Harsh, and Evan Pilant. "Development of High Temperature, Corrosion Resistant Sensors for Concentrating Solar Power Systems." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6569.

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Solar power is a sustainable resource which can reduce the power generated by fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy independence. The U.S. Department of Energy’s SunShot Initiative has set goals to increase the efficiency of concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. One SunShot effort to help CSP systems exceed 50% efficiency is to make use of high-temperature heat transfer fluids (HTFs) and thermal energy storage (TES) fluids that can increase the temperature of the power cycle up to 1300°C. Sporian has successfully developed high-temperature operable pressure, temperature, thermal flux, strain, and flow sensors for gas path measurements in high-temperature turbine engines. These sensors are based on a combination of polymer derived ceramic (PDC) sensors, advanced high-temperature packaging, and integrated electronics. The overall objective is the beneficial application of these sensors to CSP systems. Through collaboration with CSP industry stakeholders, Sporian has established a full picture of operational, interface, and usage requirements for trough, tower, and dish CSP architectures. In general, sensors should have accurate measurement, good reliability, reasonable cost, and ease of replacement or repair. Sensors in contact with hot salt HTF and TES fluids will experience temperature cycling on a daily basis, and parts of the system may be drained routinely. Some of the major challenges to high-temperature CSP implementation include molten salt corrosion and flow erosion of the sensors. Potential high-temperature sensor types that have been identified as of interest for CSP HTF/TES applications include temperature, pressure, flow, and level sensors. Candidate solar salts include nitrate, carbonate, and chloride, with different application temperatures ranging from 550°C-900°C. Functional ceramics were soaked for 500 hours in molten nitrate, carbonate, and chloride salts, showing excellent corrosion resistance in chloride salts and good resistance in nitrate salts. The demonstration of functional ceramics in relevant HTFs laid the foundation for full prototype sensor and packaging demonstration. Sporian has developed a packaging approach for ceramic-based sensors in various harsh gaseous environments at temperatures up to 1400°C, but several aspects of that packaging are not compatible with corrosive and electrically conductive HTFs. In addition to consulting published literature, a 300 hour soak test in molten chloride salt allowed the authors to identify suitable structural metals and ceramics. Based on discussions with stakeholders, molten salt corrosion testing and room-temperature water flow testing, suitable for CSP sensor/packaging concepts were identified for future development, and initial prototypes have been built and tested.
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Liu, Hongtao, Yiyang Liu, and Tao Su. "An Instrument Established for the High Temperature Measurement of Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectra of Molten Fluoride Salt Behaving As Coolant in the Molten Salt Reactor." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82013.

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Molten salts were widely used in nuclear and solar power field due to the excellent heat transfer and storage. Molten fluoride salts were selected as primary and secondary coolants in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Therefore, it is dramatically important to study the physical and chemical properties of molten fluoride salts that impact on the design of reactor core and thermohydraulics. The molecular structure directly determines the physical and chemical properties of matter, so it is also essential to study the structure of molten salts. Spectroscopy has been proven to be a very useful tool for investigating molten salts structures. However, the standard instrument is inapplicable for measurement of the high temperature molten salts, especially for molten fluoride salts. To obtain the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra of molten salts at high temperature, an instrument was designed to study the structures of molten salts in situ. The instrument is mainly composed of a vertical pit furnace connecting with a glovebox and an assembled cuvette which can operate from room temperature up to 800°C. The assembled cuvette is made of Hastelloy C/N as the main body with a reverse ‘T’ contour and diamond or crystalline CaF2 etc. as the window plates, so it can withstand the corrosion produced by the sample and allow the interest light passing through. The effective spectral range of this instrument is from 200 to 1000 nm. Performances of the instrument are testified by spectral studies on water under room temperature and molten salts under high temperature.
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Gill, David D., Nathan P. Siegel, Robert W. Bradshaw, and Clifford K. Ho. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of an Apparatus for Material Compatibility Testing in Nitrate Salts at Temperatures Up to 700°C." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54250.

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Thermal energy storage is one of the key differentiators between Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) and other renewable energy technologies. Molten salt is an effective and affordable method of storing thermal energy. Current salt storage systems charge at temperatures between 390°C and 585°C (oil filled parabolic trough systems to molten salt towers). It is highly desirable to increase the operating temperature of salt storage systems in order to increase the efficiency of the power cycle and to permit the use of alternative, high-temperature cycles. However, higher salt temperatures cause increased reactivity and thus increased corrosion rates in many materials. In order to utilize molten salt at higher temperature, it is necessary to test and understand these corrosion interactions at elevated temperature. A corrosion test system has been designed and built for evaluating molten salt/material interactions to 700°C. The primary components of this system are several salt containment vessels that are constructed of 6″ dia. × 24″ long stainless steel, aluminum diffusion treated pipes with flat plate welded to one end and a flanged lid on the other. The vessels are designed to operate with a charge of 10 kg of molten salt and accommodate a “sample tree” on which corrosion test coupons may be suspended. The salt vessels are heated and insulated on the bottom half, roughly to the salt fill level, and cooled on the top half to protect the flange gasket and feedthrough ports. The samples trees have a stainless plate that reduces radiative heat transfer from the molten salt to the lid. Finite element analysis was performed to determine the pipe length and heating and cooling requirements to maintain molten salt at 700°C while limiting the lid gasket to 300°C or less. The vessels are designed to have an oxygen atmosphere in the ullage region to mitigate nitrate decomposition. Oxygen systems for operation at 700°C require careful design including the sizing, routing, cleanliness, and material selection of components in order to reduce risk of fire. Additionally, the system is designed to run at 1–2 psig which requires specialized low pressure / high temperature components. In this paper we present the design of the molten salt corrosion test system including details related to the containment vessels, oxygen handling system, and control software along with a discussion of the safety considerations necessary for these high temperature, high oxygen partial pressure tests.
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Reports on the topic "Molten salt corrosion"

1

Graham, Aaron, Rishi Pillai, Benjamin Collins, and Jake Mcmurray. Engineering scale molten salt corrosion and chemistry code development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1649062.

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Cook, Lawrence P., and David W. Bonnell. Model for molten salt corrosion of (Co, Cr)-based superalloys. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3628.

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Ezell, N. Dianne Bull, Roger A. Kisner, Nicholas Russell, Frederick Reed, James Keiser, Patrick Champlin, Alexander Martin, and David Eugene Holcomb. Development of a Corrosion Monitoring System for Advanced Molten Salt Reactors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1566970.

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Dr. Kumar Sridharan, Dr. Mark Anderson, Dr. Michael Corradini, Dr. Todd Allen, Luke Olson, James Ambrosek, and Daniel Ludwig. Molten Salt Heat Transport Loop: Materials Corrosion and Heat Transfer Phenomena. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934785.

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Piyush Sabharwall, Matt Ebner, Manohar Sohal, and Phil Sharpe. Molten Salts for High Temperature Reactors: University of Wisconsin Molten Salt Corrosion and Flow Loop Experiments -- Issues Identified and Path Forward. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/980798.

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Bradshaw, Robert W., and W. Miles Clift. Effect of chloride content of molten nitrate salt on corrosion of A516 carbon steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1002088.

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Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L. Fundamental Corrosion Studies in High-Temperature Molten Salt Systems for Next Generation Concentrated Solar Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1491796.

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McDuffee, Joel Lee, N. Dianne Bull Ezell, Kurt R. Smith, Neil Rutger Taylor, Stephen S. Raiman, and A. Lou Qualls. Design and Irradiation of a Molten Salt Corrosion Experiment in the Ohio State University Research Reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1480620.

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Tortorelli, P. F., P. S. Bishop, and J. R. DiStefano. Selection of corrosion-resistant materials for use in molten nitrate salts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5236321.

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Bradshaw, Robert w. Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels During Thermal Cycling in Alkali Nitrate Molten Salts. Test accounts, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/787885.

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