Academic literature on the topic 'Moment au genou'

Cette étude est une analyse à long terme d'un groupe de patients porteurs d'une prothèse de la hanche ou du genou infectée. Nous avons sélectionné 28 patients avec une infection de prothèse (22 hanches, 6 genoux) documentée par l'identification d'une bactérie. Au moment du diagnostic et à la revue (en moyenne 46 mois après la fin du traitement), nous avons évalué le tableau clinique et l'aspect radiologique de l'articulation atteinte, ainsi que les paramètres biologiques. 19/28 patients avaient un tableau clinique sans équivoque, tandis que 9 présentaient un tableau clinique douteux. Les traitements se résument en 14 changements de prothèse en deux-temps, 7 ablations simples de prothèse, 5 traitements conservateurs et 2 changements de prothèse en un-temps. A la revue, 25 patients sont considérés comme guéris de leur infection et 3 comme échec. Sur le plan fonctionnel, 9 patients ne présentent pas de limitation, tandis que 19 sont limités dans leur activité quotidienne. La moitié des patients ne souffre d'aucune douleur. Du point de vue radiologique, 20/26 patients évalués ne montrent pas de signe de récidive. Les examens paracliniques sont importants pour diagnostiquer les infections à bas-bruits, en particulier la mise en évidence d'une bactérie par des prélèvements pré-opératoires (ponction articulaire, frottis de fistule). Malgré la guérison de l'infection, les séquelles fonctionnelles et douloureuses sont souvent non négligeables. En fonction de l'expérience acquise, nous préconisons une prise en charge chirurgicale en deux-temps. Ce n'est que lorsque l'état général du malade l'interdit ou que l'infection n'est pas sous contrôle que nous envisageons un traitement alternatif (arthrodèse, girdelstone, consevateur).

The mechanical effects of genu valgum and varum deformities on the subtalar joint were investigated. First, a theoretical model of the forces within the foot and lower extremity during relaxed bipedal stance was developed predicting the rotational effect on the subtalar joint due to genu valgum and varum deformities. Second, a kinetic gait study was performed involving 15 subjects who walked with simulated genu valgum and genu varum over a force plate and a plantar pressure mat to determine the changes in the ground reaction force vector within the frontal plane and the changes in the center-of-pressure location on the plantar foot. These results predicted that a genu varum deformity would tend to cause a subtalar pronation moment to increase or a supination moment to decrease during the contact and propulsion phases of walking. With genu valgum, it was determined that during the contact phase a subtalar pronation moment would increase, whereas in the early propulsive phase, a subtalar supination moment would increase or a pronation moment would decrease. However, the current inability to track the spatial position of the subtalar joint axis makes it difficult to determine the absolute direction and magnitudes of the subtalar joint moments. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(6): 531–541, 2005)

Viele Mega-Projekte folgen den gleichen Mustern: Sie werden nicht nur als rein ökonomisch rational präsentiert, sondern als Inbegriff von Modernität. Es kommt zu einem Primat des Technologischen gegenüber dem der Politik. Damit erscheinen alle, die kritische Fragen technischer, sozialer oder ökologischer Art aufwerfen, als rückwärtsgewandte Bedenkenträger*innen, die gesellschaftlichen Fortschritt und Entwicklung behindern. Anknüpfend an sozialwissenschaftliche Debatten um Extraktivismus und Megaprojekte zeigt sich, dass für Megaprojekte immer wieder staatsbürgerschaftliche Rechte außer Kraft gesetzt und demokratische Prinzipien unterlaufen werden. Auf dem amerikanischen Kontinent bedeutet dies: Gebiete des Landes werden „geopfert“, v.a. solche, in denen indigene und schwarze Bevölkerungsgruppen sich in langwierigen Prozessen Territorialrechte erkämpft haben, Menschen vertrieben, Zonen der Unsicherheit geschaffen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass genau diese Muster auch auf den Kanalbau in Nicaragua zutreffen, den die Regierung Ortega seit 2013 vorantreibt. Proteste gegen den Kanalbau werden diffamiert, die Bemühungen indigener Gruppen, territoriale Rechte zu beanspruchen, unterlaufen und verbriefte Rechte auf vorherige Konsultation missachtet. Es kommt zu einer weiteren Zentralisierung von Entscheidungen und zur Intensivierung autoritärer Praktiken.

BACKGROUND Current research on genu varum shows the favorable influence of exercise on the biomechanics of the knee joint by reducing the static malalignment and mechanical imbalances, however the transference to a more optimum gait has not been investigated.OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of Pilates exercise on the changes of gait and lower limb malalignment in female students with genu varum.METHODS A total of 23 female college students with verified genu varum participated in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups a Pilates exercise group (n=15) and a control group (n=8). The Pilates exercise group participated in 1 hour Pilates exercise 3 times per week for a total of 10 weeks. Each of the participants had an X-ray and performed gait 5 times before and after the exercise treatment. The participants kinetic and kinematic data were gathered using an eight Vicon Motion camera system and two force platforms.RESULTS For the Pilates group gait their maximum extension and internal rotation knee moment, and maximum adduction and internal rotation hip moment significantly increased, while the maximum knee moment flexion decreased. For the control group gait their maximum hip extension and hip adduction moment significantly decreased. For the Pilates group there was a significant reduction in the distance from the anatomical axis to the weight bearing line in the left leg, but there was no significant change for the control group.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Pilates exercise may be beneficial for females with genu varum by helping to improve both their static alignment and helping their gait to become more balanced.

É minha opinião que algum do mal-estar que se gerou em Portugal entre as classes profissionais ligadas à comunicação, nomeadamente jornalistas e publicitários, e os cursos superiores de comunicação se deveu ao tipo de investigação que esses cursos privilegiaram...

Abstract During the sixteenth century Genoa became a significant ally of the Habsburg Empire. Shared political, commercial, financial, and strategic factors tied the Genoese patricians firmly to Spain. However, their alliance was by no means permanent. The relations between the Genoese and the Spanish crown were not without tensions and conflict. In the mid-sixteenth century, the combination of various factors set the stage for Genoa to reconfigure its alliances in the Mediterranean. Having fallen victim to the Habsburg and Valois conflict and being torn between the two, Genoa was forced to resort to an alternative imperial power, the Ottoman Empire, to protect its integrity and independence, as well as to engage in the Levant trade. This article focuses on this moment of crisis in Genoa and analyzes how it led the Genoese to consider shifting their alliance from the Habsburgs to the Ottomans, who were the former’s most compelling rival in the Mediterranean. Although the Genoese endeavor ultimately ended in failure, the idea of a potential alliance with the Ottomans and the efforts Genoa invested in its diplomatic negotiations provides insight into the strategies a small state used to survive at a time when imperial rivalry over the Mediterranean was escalating.

RESUMO: As nossas imagens de nação tiveram, no começo, no século XX, um momento privilegiado de sua configuração, como discurso fundador. A época caracterizou-se por uma busca de compreensão do país, já que a discussão sobre a modernidade que nos atingia, tinha que ser posta. Um mesmo solo ideológico, porém, gerou discursos extremamente diversos diante do conceito. Recuperando, no interior da tradição literária brasileira, alguns desses discursos, pretende este trabalho colocar a discussão sobre eles e a reflexão sobre a representação do nacional na contemporaneidade.RÉSUMÉ: Nos images de nation ont eu, au début du XXe siècle, un moment privilégie de sa configuration comme discours fondateur. L'époque a été caractérisée par une recherche de compréhesion du pays, vu que la discussion sur la modernité s'mposait inéluctablement. Cependant, un même terrain idéologique a décleché plusieurs discours extrêmement divers devant le concept de nation. Cet essai a pour but une discussion sur ces discours et une réflexion sur la représentation du national dans la contemporanéité à travers 1'analyse de quelques de ces discours dans la tradition littéraire brésilienne.

One evening in April 1926 a party of Italian emigrants outward bound from Genoa aboard the steamer Conte Verde celebrated their impending new life in Argentina by singing the fascist anthem “Giovinezza.” They thereby angered a larger number of passengers and crew, who responded with a lusty rendition of the Socialist “Bandiera Rossa.” Tension grew, but Conte Verde’s captain averted further unpleasantness by escorting the fascists to safety at the ship's bow; at the same time Second Captain Rivarola restored order among the antifascists. The Genoa police prefecture reported the incident to Benito Mussolini's cabinet, but as the quarrel had been transferred to Argentine soil there was little to be done–for the moment. The secret police would maintain surveillance of the troublemakers in Argentina and of their families in Italy.

Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma série de eventos relacionados a um particular trabalho com produção musical brasileira, que levou ao estudo do ambiente sonoro urbano. Tal estudo, em algum momento, acabou levando de volta à música brasileira. Procura-se refletir sobre como essa possibilidade metodológica se revelou, como foi assumida e que resultados gerou.

Syftet med denna studie är att, med inspiration av etnografiska tillvägagångssätt, ut- forska hur några lärare utformar sin undervisning i ämnet musikteori (och gehör) på gymnasial nivå, med fokus på framförallt balans mellan teoretiska och praktiska mo- ment. Den litteratur som tas upp i uppsatsens bakgrund beskriver hur elever eller lärare kan utföra olika läroböckers övningar, dels med hjälp av praktiska verktyg, dels utifrån teoretiska resonemang. Den tidigare forskning som tas upp handlar om elever och lära- res syn på ämnet gehörs- och musikteori. De forskningsmetoder som har använts i före- liggande studie utgår ifrån ett etnografiskt perspektiv med deltagande observation, där forskaren befinner sig i fält med aktörer som skall observeras i sin naturliga miljö. Re- sultatet är uppdelat i tre teman: Inledning och handlingsförlopp, Praktiskt delaktighet samt Lärarnas arketyper. Temat Inledning och handlingsförlopp belyser hur lärarna på- börjar sin lektion, vilka uppgifter som tilldelas eleverna och hur lärarna avslutar lekt- ionerna. I temat Praktisk delaktighet presenteras de praktiska moment som förekom i undervisningen: dialog, diskussion och aktivt lyssnande. Temat Lärarnas arketyper fo- kuseras på olika roller som lärarna faller in i vid olika situationer: bergsklättraren, mäs- tare och lärjunge, samt bollplank. I diskussionen jämförs resultatet med tidigare forsk- ning samt litteratur. I diskussionen dras även några slutsatser och avslutningsvis besk- rivs arbetets betydelse samt hur det kan användas i fortsatt forskning.
The purpose of this essay is, with inspiration from ethnographic method, to explore how teachers design their lessons in the subject music theory at upper secondary school lev- el, with focus on the balance between theoretical and practical element. The literature that is presented in the background chapter describes how students or teachers can per- form the exercises in the books, by using practical tools, as well as by using theoretical arguments. The earlier research that is presented focuses on student’s and teacher’s view on the subject music theory and ear training. The research methods that have been used are based on an ethnographic perspective with participating observation, where the researcher finds him self in a field with participants whom are to be observed in their natural environment. The result is divided in three parts: Introduction and course of actions, Practical participation, and Archetypes of the teachers. Introduction and course of actions illustrates how the teachers begin their classes, what tasks they give the stu- dents, and also how the teachers finish their classes. Practical participation presents the practical elements that occurred during the classes. These elements were dialogue, dis- cussion, and active listening. Archetypes of the teachers focuses on the different roles the teachers takes during certain situations: the mountain climber, master and apprentice, and the sounding board. In the discussion the result is compared to earlier research and also to the literature. Some conclusions are also made in the discussion, At the end of the study the importance of the essay is described as well as how it can be used in later re- search.

Bakgrund: På många handelsplattformar finns idag information om ”veckans vinnare och förlorare”, samt “månadens vinnare och förlorare”. Skulle denna typ av information kunna utnyttjas till att ge överavkastning på aktiemarknaden med momentumstrategier?Idag reagerar marknaden nästan omedelbart på nyheter, oavsett om de är positiva eller negativa för bolagen, men reagerar marknaden för mycket, för lite, eller helt rationellt?Intresset för småbolag och ökat de senaste år, trots att de generellt har en högre risk. Det är därför intressant att undersöka om momentumstrategier på en marknad med småbolagkan generera riskjusterad överavkastning. Syfte: Studien syftar till att analysera momentumeffekter på kort och medellång sikt på aktier på småbolagslistan Nasdaq First North mellan 2010 och 2019. Genom att tillämpa rullande momentumstrategier med olika urvals- och innehavsperioder ämnar studien jämföra dessa mot varandra och ett jämförelseindex. Metod: En kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats för genomförandet av studien. Fyra momentumportföljer och fyra contrarianportföljer med olika urval- och innehavsperioder har konstruerats med bolag från Nasdaq First North under studiens undersökningsperiod 2010–2019. Dessa portföljer har sedan evaluerats baserat på avkastning och riskjusterad avkastning och sedan har statistiska tester utförts för attutvärdera signifikansen. Slutsats: Endast en av studiens åtta portföljer, contrarianstrategin på veckobasis, presterade en statistiskt signifikant högre riskjusterad avkastning än jämförelseindexet. Två portföljer uppvisade en signifikant lägre riskjusterad avkastning än jämförelseindex.
Background: There are many trading platforms that share ”winners and losers of the week”, as well as “winners and losers of the month”. Could this information be used to create excess returns with momentum strategies? In today’s world, the market reacts almost instantly to news, positive or negative, but does the market react too much, too little or completely rationally? The interest for small companies has increased the last few years, even though they generally have a higher risk. Because of this, it is of interest to investigate if momentum strategies on a market with small companies could provide risk-adjusted excess returns. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse momentum effects on short and medium term, on the small company list Nasdaq First North between the years of 2010 and 2019. Using different holding periods and then comparing them to a benchmark index. Methodology: A quantitative methodology and a deductive design were used to conduct this study. Four momentum portfolios and four contrarian portfolios with different selection- and holding periods have been constructed with companies from Nasdaq First North during 2010 and 2019. These portfolios have then been evaluated based on returns and risk-adjusted returns. Statistical tests have also been conducted to evaluate its significance. Conclusion: Only one of the study's eight portfolios, the contrarian strategy on a weekly basis, performed a statistically significant risk-adjusted excess return compared with the benchmark index. Two portfolios provided a significantly lower risk-adjusted return than the benchmark index.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med den här studien är att genom intervjuer empiriskt granska och analysera elittränarens uppfattningar om momentum i ishockey. För att få svar på syftet delades det in i de fyra frågeställningarna . (1) Hur ser elittränaren på momentum och vad innebär det fördem? (2) Hur ser elittränarna på sin spelidé? (3) Vilka triggers tar tränarna upp och hur förhåller sig dessa till momentum? (4) Vilka coachbeslut och strategier tillämpar elittränarna under match? Metod Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ ansats. Intervjuerna har präglats av ett förhållningssätt med standardiserade teman på frågeställningar till intervjupersonerna och djupgående följdfrågor. Urvalet har varit fem tränare på elitnivå inom ishockey vilka som lägst har verkat på hockeyallsvenskan säsongen 2011/2012. Intervjuerna utfördes dels ansikte-mot-ansikte och över telefon efter ett antal initialt utförda konversationer. Analys utfördes efter Hjerm och Lindgrens (2010, s.98f) sätt att konstruera tema, kategorier och koder. Resultat Resultatet visar att även om tränarna har olika uppfattningar och erfarenheter av momentum tillämpar de strategier medvetet eller omedvetet för att verka i riktning för momentum. Vidare kan det förklaras hur triggers och olika typer av förväntningar formar reaktionen. Därtill har en modell växt fram efter utförd analys i form av en momentumspole. Modellens kärna är tränarens spelidé som tolkar triggers till momentum och att detta får en emotionell respons i form av en känsla. Individers beslutsförmåga att skapa brytpunkt i spelet gör att momentum kan bäst ses som en multidimensionell modell. Slutsats Elittränarens mål med en match bör vara att inneha momentum utifrån sin egna spelidé. Att tänka kring idén om en momentumspole kan hjälpa tränare att lokalisera vilka punkter som kan förstärkas genom positiva triggers och känslor. Denna idé är med andra ord att betrakta som ett utkast till en teoretisk arbetsmodell för hur momentum kan tolkas och användas praktiskt.

Parmi les blessures sportives reliées au genou, 20 % impliquent le ligament croisé antérieur (LCA). Le LCA étant le principal stabilisateur du genou, une lésion à cette structure engendre une importante instabilité articulaire influençant considérablement la fonction du genou. L’évaluation clinique actuelle des patients ayant une atteinte au LCA présente malheureusement des limitations importantes à la fois dans l’investigation de l’impact de la blessure et dans le processus diagnostic. Une évaluation biomécanique tridimensionnelle (3D) du genou pourrait s’avérer une avenue innovante afin de pallier à ces limitations. L’objectif général de la thèse est de démontrer la valeur ajoutée du domaine biomécanique dans (1) l’investigation de l’impact de la blessure sur la fonction articulaire du genou et dans (2) l’aide au diagnostic. Pour répondre aux objectifs de recherche un groupe de 29 patients ayant une rupture du LCA (ACLD) et un groupe contrôle de 15 participants sains ont pris part à une évaluation biomécanique 3D du genou lors de tâches de marche sur tapis roulant. L’évaluation des patrons biomécaniques 3D du genou a permis de démontrer que les patients ACLD adoptent un mécanisme compensatoire que nous avons intitulé pivot-shift avoidance gait. Cette adaptation biomécanique a pour objectif d’éviter de positionner le genou dans une condition susceptible de provoquer une instabilité antérolatérale du genou lors de la marche. Par la suite, une méthode de classification a été développée afin d’associer de manière automatique et objective des patrons biomécaniques 3D du genou soit au groupe ACLD ou au groupe contrôle. Pour cela, des paramètres ont été extraits des patrons biomécaniques en utilisant une décomposition en ondelettes et ont ensuite été classifiés par la méthode du plus proche voisin. Notre méthode de classification a obtenu un excellent niveau précision, de sensibilité et de spécificité atteignant respectivement 88%, 90% et 87%. Cette méthode a donc le potentiel de servir d’outil d’aide à la décision clinique. La présente thèse a démontré l’apport considérable d’une évaluation biomécanique 3D du genou dans la prise en charge orthopédique de patients présentant une rupture du LCA; plus spécifiquement dans l’investigation de l’impact de la blessure et dans l’aide au diagnostic.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is involved in approximately 20% of all sports-related knee injuries. An injury to the ACL, the primary stabilizer of the knee, will lead to knee joint instability and functional impairment. Unfortunately, current clinical assessments of ACL-deficient patients present limitations with respect to the investigation of the impact of the injury on knee function. A 3D knee biomechanical assessment could provide innovative information to overcome these drawbacks. The main objective of the doctoral theses is to demonstrate the role of biomechanics in (1) the investigation of the impact of the injury on knee function and in (2) the diagnostic process. Twenty-nine ACL-deficient patients and a control group of fifteen healthy participants took part in a 3D knee biomechanical assessment during treadmill walking. By assessing the 3D knee biomechanical patterns of each group we observed that ACL-deficient patients adopted a gait compensatory mechanism: the Pivot-shift avoidance gait. The explanation for this adaptative strategy is to avoid placing the knee in a position biomechanically favorable to anterolateral rotatory instability during gait. Furthermore, an automatic classification method capable of distinguishing ACL deficient patients from an asymptomatic population was developed. Features were extracted from the 3D knee biomechanical patterns using a wavelet decomposition method and then classified by the nearest neighbour rule. The proposed classification method obtained a level of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 88%, 90% and 87% respectively. This method shows great potential as a diagnostic aid in a clinical setting. This thesis demonstrates that biomechanics plays a substantial role in the management of ACL injuries by improving the understanding of the impact of the injury on knee function and by its capacity to serve as a diagnostic aid.

Parmi les blessures sportives reliées au genou, 20 % impliquent le ligament croisé antérieur (LCA). Le LCA étant le principal stabilisateur du genou, une lésion à cette structure engendre une importante instabilité articulaire influençant considérablement la fonction du genou. L’évaluation clinique actuelle des patients ayant une atteinte au LCA présente malheureusement des limitations importantes à la fois dans l’investigation de l’impact de la blessure et dans le processus diagnostic. Une évaluation biomécanique tridimensionnelle (3D) du genou pourrait s’avérer une avenue innovante afin de pallier à ces limitations. L’objectif général de la thèse est de démontrer la valeur ajoutée du domaine biomécanique dans (1) l’investigation de l’impact de la blessure sur la fonction articulaire du genou et dans (2) l’aide au diagnostic. Pour répondre aux objectifs de recherche un groupe de 29 patients ayant une rupture du LCA (ACLD) et un groupe contrôle de 15 participants sains ont pris part à une évaluation biomécanique 3D du genou lors de tâches de marche sur tapis roulant. L’évaluation des patrons biomécaniques 3D du genou a permis de démontrer que les patients ACLD adoptent un mécanisme compensatoire que nous avons intitulé pivot-shift avoidance gait. Cette adaptation biomécanique a pour objectif d’éviter de positionner le genou dans une condition susceptible de provoquer une instabilité antérolatérale du genou lors de la marche. Par la suite, une méthode de classification a été développée afin d’associer de manière automatique et objective des patrons biomécaniques 3D du genou soit au groupe ACLD ou au groupe contrôle. Pour cela, des paramètres ont été extraits des patrons biomécaniques en utilisant une décomposition en ondelettes et ont ensuite été classifiés par la méthode du plus proche voisin. Notre méthode de classification a obtenu un excellent niveau précision, de sensibilité et de spécificité atteignant respectivement 88%, 90% et 87%. Cette méthode a donc le potentiel de servir d’outil d’aide à la décision clinique. La présente thèse a démontré l’apport considérable d’une évaluation biomécanique 3D du genou dans la prise en charge orthopédique de patients présentant une rupture du LCA; plus spécifiquement dans l’investigation de l’impact de la blessure et dans l’aide au diagnostic.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is involved in approximately 20% of all sports-related knee injuries. An injury to the ACL, the primary stabilizer of the knee, will lead to knee joint instability and functional impairment. Unfortunately, current clinical assessments of ACL-deficient patients present limitations with respect to the investigation of the impact of the injury on knee function. A 3D knee biomechanical assessment could provide innovative information to overcome these drawbacks. The main objective of the doctoral theses is to demonstrate the role of biomechanics in (1) the investigation of the impact of the injury on knee function and in (2) the diagnostic process. Twenty-nine ACL-deficient patients and a control group of fifteen healthy participants took part in a 3D knee biomechanical assessment during treadmill walking. By assessing the 3D knee biomechanical patterns of each group we observed that ACL-deficient patients adopted a gait compensatory mechanism: the Pivot-shift avoidance gait. The explanation for this adaptative strategy is to avoid placing the knee in a position biomechanically favorable to anterolateral rotatory instability during gait. Furthermore, an automatic classification method capable of distinguishing ACL deficient patients from an asymptomatic population was developed. Features were extracted from the 3D knee biomechanical patterns using a wavelet decomposition method and then classified by the nearest neighbour rule. The proposed classification method obtained a level of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 88%, 90% and 87% respectively. This method shows great potential as a diagnostic aid in a clinical setting. This thesis demonstrates that biomechanics plays a substantial role in the management of ACL injuries by improving the understanding of the impact of the injury on knee function and by its capacity to serve as a diagnostic aid.

Jedes Fachgebiet mit den spezifischen Eingriffen und Grunderkrankungen stellt Sie vor andere Fragen und Probleme. Möchten Sie sich gezielt auf die Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie vorbereiten, dazu aber kein umfangreiches, teures Lehrbuch kaufen? Dann bietet Ihnen dieser Band aus der Reihe "Klinikalltag Anästhesie" genau die richtige Grundlage, Fachwissen gezielt auf das jeweilige Fachgebiet fokussiert zu erhalten. Erfahrene Praktiker haben Wissen gebündelt und didaktisch hervorragend aufbereitet, sodass Sie auch am Arbeitsplatz die Möglichkeit haben, sich schnell über die Besonderheiten der einzelnen Eingriffe und Grunderkrankungen zu informieren. Ausgehend vom chirurgischen Eingriff selbst werden Sie auf die kritischen Momente der Operation, mögliche Komplikationen sowie auf jede Phase der anästhesiologischen Betreuung vorbereitet. Alles, was Sie für Ihre tägliche Arbeit benötigen!

Genoese merchants, who certainly did not disappear after 1627, during the second half of the century were able to establish new global-scale commercial networks on a par with those of other merchant communities (those of the Jews for instance). In the 1660s and for a few decades, Genoese goods – paper and fabrics – sailed to the Indies with African slaves. On their way back, the same Genoese ships would carry tonnes of silver and a wealth of other colonial goods thereby increasing trade with the East. This commercial framework is the backdrop to the story of Nicolò and Pietro Francesco Fieschi, two brothers whose lives testify how between the second half of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century, merchants from Genoa certainly had not withdrawn from international commerce focusing only on financial profits. On the contrary they were able to find new commercial momentum in opportunities provided by the connections brought about by the ever-more globalised world.

"LIVRETO DE RECURSOS DID?TICOS PARA O ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS E BIOLOGIANOS DIAS ATUAIS, N?S PROFESSORES, ESTAMOS CONSTANTEMENTE PROCURANDO FORMAS DE OTIMIZAR NOSSAS AULAS E FAZER COM QUE OS CONTE?DOS ENSINADOS GANHEM MAIS SENTIDO E SIGNIFICADO PARA OS ALUNOS. GUIMAR?ES (2009, P. 13) EVIDENCIA A IMPORT?NCIA DE UMA ?METODOLOGIA DE ENSINO QUE TENHA EM VISTA A COMPLEXIDADE E A DIVERSIDADE DAS CI?NCIAS NATURAIS E QUE N?O ESTEJA RESTRITA ? SIMPLES MEMORIZA??O?. A PARTIR DESSA EVID?NCIA PODEMOS NOS QUESTIONAR: EXISTE UMA METODOLOGIA ?NICA PARA UTILIZARMOS EM NOSSAS AULAS? A RESPOSTA ? NEGATIVA, POIS O QUE EXISTE S?O METODOLOGIAS (NO PLURAL) ADEQUADAS PARA DETERMINADOS CONTEXTOS E SITUA??ES. ATRELADA A QUEST?O METODOL?GICA, TEMOS O DESAFIO DE COLOCAR O SABER CIENT?FICO (T?O VALORIZADO ATUALMENTE) AO ALCANCE DO P?BLICO ESCOLAR, O QUAL ? VASTO E HETEROG?NEO, VISTO QUE ATUALMENTE ? REPRESENTADO ?POR TODOS OS SEGUIMENTOS SOCIAIS E COM MAIORIA EXPRESSIVA ORIUNDA DE CLASSES E CULTURAS QUE AT? ENT?O N?O FREQUENTARAM A ESCOLA? (DELIZOICOV, ANGOTTI E PERNAMBUCO, 2011, P. 33). TENDO ESSE P?BLICO PLURAL EM NOSSAS SALAS DE AULA, EVIDENCIAMOS A DEMANDA DE PENSAR EM VARIADAS ESTRAT?GIAS DID?TICAS PARA CONTEMPLAR ESSES DIFERENTES PERFIS. DELIZOICOV, ANGOTTI E PERNAMBUCO (2011) NOS AUXILIAM A COMPREENDER QUE UMA DAS FUN??ES DA ESCOLA ? PREPARAR PARA O EXERC?CIO CONSCIENTE DA CIDADANIA, N?O SENDO POSS?VEL QUE SEU ENSINO N?O SEJA PERMEADO PELAS POSSIBILIDADES DO CONHECIMENTO CIENT?FICO. OS AUTORES COMPREENDEM TAMB?M QUE DIVERSAS QUEST?ES EXTRAPOLAM O ?MBITO EXCLUSIVO DAS CI?NCIAS NATURAIS E N?O PODEM SER ENFRENTADAS SEM OUTROS CONHECIMENTOS. DESSA FORMA, NA TENTATIVA DE FORNECER MAIS SIGNIFICADO AOS CONTE?DOS TRABALHADOS EM SALA DE AULA, ATENDER A UMA MAIOR DIVERSIDADE DE ALUNOS E AUXILI?-LOS NO EXERC?CIO DA CIDADANIA APOSTAMOS NA UTILIZA??O DE RECURSOS DID?TICOS DIVERSIFICADOS PARA POTENCIALIZAR O ENSINO. NESTE SENTIDO, A PROFESSORA DO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR DE PR?TICAS FORMATIVAS E EDUCATIVAS II (PFE II), DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PAMPA (UNIPAMPA) ? CAMPUS S?O GABRIEL, RS, BRASIL, JUNTAMENTE COM O PROFESSOR COORDENADOR DO PROJETO DE ENSINO ?MODALIDADES DID?TICAS ALTERNATIVAS PARA O ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS E BIOLOGIA?, CADASTRADO NA UNIVERSIDADE, ORGANIZARAM ATIVIDADES PARA ATENDER AS DEMANDAS QUE SE COLOCAM NA FORMA??O INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES. O PROJETO DE ENSINO, EST? VINCULADO AO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR PR?TICAS FORMATIVAS E EDUCATIVAS II. DESSA FORMA, AS ATIVIDADES INICIARAM NO ?MBITO DO COMPONENTE, CONTANDO COM AS SEGUINTES ATIVIDADES: ESTUDO, LEITURA E DISCUSS?O DE TEXTOS SOBRE M?TODOS E T?CNICAS DE ENSINO; APROFUNDAMENTO DAS FORMAS DE SE ORGANIZAR/PLANEJAR O ENSINO; PLANEJAMENTOS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ATIVIDADES ALTERNATIVAS COM CONTE?DOS/TEMAS DAS CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS; ELABORA??O DE MATERIAIS DID?TICOS, AVALIA??O DOS MATERIAIS PRODUZIDOS, ELABORA??O DO LIVRETO E REALIZA??O DE UM WORKSHOP PARA PROFESSORES DA EDUCA??O B?SICA DO MUNIC?PIO DE S?O GABRIEL, RS. NO QUADRO ABAIXO PODE-SE OBSERVAR AS ETAPAS DO PROJETO, RESPONS?VEIS PELAS A??ES E O PER?ODO DE REALIZA??O: ETAPA ATIVIDADES RESPONS?VEIS PER?ODO 1? LEITURA E DISCUSS?O DE TEXTOS SOBRE M?TODOS E T?CNICAS DE ENSINO PROFESSORA PFE II E ALUNOS AGOSTO 2019 2? APROFUNDAMENTO DAS FORMAS DE SE ORGANIZAR/PLANEJAR O ENSINO PROFESSORA PFE II E ALUNOS AGOSTO 2019 3? PLANEJAMENTOS DE ATIVIDADES ALTERNATIVAS COM CONTE?DOS/TEMAS DAS CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS PROFESSORA PFE II E ALUNOS SETEMBRO 2019 4? ELABORA??O DE RECURSOS DID?TICOS ALUNOS SETEMBRO 2019 5? AVALIA??O DOS RECURSOS PRODUZIDOS ALUNOS OUTUBRO 2019 6? ELABORA??O DE LIVRETO ALUNOS OUTUBRO 2019 7? ORGANIZA??O DO LIVRETO PROFESSORA PFE II E PROFESSOR COORDENADOR DO PROJETO NOVEMBRO 2019 8? ORGANIZA??O DO WORKSHOP PROFESSOR COORDENADOR DO PROJETO E PROFESSORA PFE II NOVEMBRO 2019 9? REALIZA??O DE WORKSHOP PARA PROFESSORES DA EDUCA??O B?SICA DO MUNIC?PIO PROFESSOR COORDENADOR DO PROJETO, PROFESSORA PFE II E ALUNOS DEZEMBRO 2019 10? AVALIA??O DO WORKSHOP PELOS ORGANIZADORES, SEGUNDA OS FORMUL?RIOS DE AVALIA??O DOS LICENCIANDOS EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS E PROFESSORES DA EDUCA??O B?SICA PARTICIPANTES DO EVENTO PROFESSOR COORDENADOR DO PROJETO E PROFESSORA PFE II DEZEMBRO 2019 JANEIRO 2020 NA ETAPA 1, OS ALUNOS PARTICIPARAM DE ATIVIDADES EM AULA QUE ENVOLVIAM O ESTUDO DIRIGIDO DE TEXTOS E DISCUSS?ES SOBRE RECURSOS DID?TICOS. KRASILCHIK (2004) DEFENDE A UTILIZA??O DA MODALIDADE DID?TICA DISCUSS?O, POIS ATRAV?S DELA H? TRANSI??O DE UMA AULA EM QUE SOMENTE O PROFESSOR FALA, PARA UMA A QUAL EXISTE O DI?LOGO ENTRE TODAS AS PARTES. A DISCUSS?O ESTRUTURADA E ORIENTADA, POSSIBILITOU UMA TROCA DE CONHECIMENTOS E REFLEX?O CR?TICA DOS ALUNOS SOBRE O PAPEL DA UTILIZA??O DE RECURSOS DID?TICOS NO ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS E BIOLOGIA. POSTERIORMENTE, NAS ETAPAS 2 E 3, OS ALUNOS ESTIVERAM ENVOLVIDOS EM ATIVIDADES DE APROFUNDAMENTO TE?RICO SOBRE AS ?MODALIDADES DID?TICAS? (KRASILCHIK, 2004). TAIS ETAPAS VISARAM COMPREENDER E AUXILIAR OS ALUNOS NA ELABORA??O DE PLANEJAMENTOS DE AULA CONTEMPLANDO A INSER??O DE RECURSOS DID?TICOS. LIB?NEO (1994, P. 22) DESTACA A IMPORT?NCIA DO PLANEJAMENTO POR TRATAR-SE DE ?UM PROCESSO DE RACIONALIZA??O, ORGANIZA??O E COORDENA??O DA A??O DOCENTE?. A ETAPA 4, FOI O MOMENTO DEDICADO A ELABORA??O DOS RECURSOS DID?TICOS PELOS ALUNOS. A DEFINI??O DAS TEM?TICAS E/OU CONCEITOS TRABALHADOS POR CADA GRUPO ERA DE ESCOLHA LIVRE, PARTINDO DE SEU TEMA DE INTERESSE. NESSE CONTEXTO, ALGUNS ALUNOS OPTARAM POR ELABORAR MODELOS DID?TICOS, OUTROS CRIARAM JOGOS. ESTE MOMENTO DE IMERS?O DOS ALUNOS POSSIBILITOU ENVOLVIMENTO E MOTIVA??O PARA ELABORA??O DOS RECURSOS DID?TICOS, VISTO QUE SENTIRAM A NECESSIDADE DE PROCURAR INFORMA??ES EM DIFERENTES FONTES, EXPLORANDO A SUA CRIATIVIDADE. BUSCARAM TAMB?M CONTEMPLAR ASPECTOS REGIONAIS (BIOMA PAMPA) E VIABILIZAR A PRODU??O DE TAIS RECURSOS PELOS PROFESSORES (FACILIDADE DE TRANSPORTE E MATERIAIS DE BAIXO CUSTO). A PARTICIPA??O ATIVA DOS ALUNOS TORNOU-OS PROTAGONISTAS NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM. DE ACORDO COM COSTA (2000) O PROTAGONISMO, ENQUANTO PARTICIPA??O GENU?NA RESULTA NUM GANHO DE AUTONOMIA, AUTOCONFIAN?A, AUTODETERMINA??O NA CONSTRU??O DA IDENTIDADE PESSOAL, SOCIAL E NO PROJETO DE VIDA. NA ETAPA 5 BUSCOU-SE ANALISAR OS RECURSOS PRODUZIDOS PELOS ESTUDANTES DIALOGANDO COM OS TEXTOS E FUNDAMENTOS TE?RICOS ABORDADOS NA DISCIPLINA. NESTE MOMENTO FOI POSS?VEL REFLETIR SOBRE A ELABORA??O E, POR MEIO DE SUGEST?ES DO GRUPO, APERFEI?OAR AS PROPOSTAS. AO FINAL DESTAS ETAPAS PENSOU-SE EM ELABORAR UM LIVRETO CONTEMPLANDO OS RECURSOS PRODUZIDOS NA DISCIPLINA. O INTUITO DESSE MATERIAL RESIDIA EM SOCIALIZAR A CONSTRU??O DOS LICENCIANDOS E DISPONIBILIZAR, AOS PROFESSORES DA EDUCA??O B?SICA DE S?O GABRIEL, UM MATERIAL COM SUGEST?ES PARA O ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS E BIOLOGIA. ASSIM, NA ETAPA 6 OCORREU A ELABORA??O DO LIVRETO, ONDE CADA GRUPO FICOU RESPONS?VEL DE ESTRUTURAR O PLANEJAMENTO DO RECURSO ELABORADO, DE ACORDO COM OS CRIT?RIOS ESTABELECIDOS NO COMPONENTE CURRICULAR PFE II. POSTERIORMENTE A PROFESSORA DA DISCIPLINA, JUNTAMENTE COM O COORDENADOR DO PROJETO ORGANIZARAM O LIVRETO, UNINDO OS MATERIAIS DOS ALUNOS, ELABORANDO CAPA, PREF?CIO, APRESENTA??O E AS DEVIDAS FORMATA??ES. O LIVRETO (FIGURA 1) SOCIALIZA UM CONJUNTO DE RECURSOS DID?TICOS, ORGANIZADOS NA FORMA DE M?DULOS DE ATIVIDADES, VOLTADAS AO ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS E BIOLOGIA. OS M?DULOS EST?O ORGANIZADOS DA SEGUINTE FORMA: INTRODU??O, OBJETIVOS, MATERIAIS E EXPLORA??O DID?TICA. AL?M DO LIVRETO, COM O AUX?LIO DE UM DOS ALUNOS, FOI ELABORADO UM BLOG QUE APRESENTA ALGUNS RECURSOS DE FORMA MAIS DETALHADA, COM OP??ES DE IMPRESS?ES DE JOGOS E MATERIAIS. FIGURA 1: CAPA DO LIVRETO PRODUZIDO OS RECURSOS DISPONIBILIZADOS NO LIVRETO ABORDAVAM AS SEGUINTES TEM?TICAS: R?PTEIS, C?LULAS, BACT?RIAS, PIR?MIDE ALIMENTAR, SISTEMA GENITAL, SISTEMA DIGESTIVO, SISTEMA CIRCULAT?RIO, SISTEMA IMUNOL?GICO, SISTEMA ARTICULAR E SISTEMA SOLAR. NESTA PERSPECTIVA, FOI ORGANIZADO UM WORKSHOP PARA PROFESSORES DA EDUCA??O B?SICA DO MUNIC?PIO (ETAPA 8), A FIM DE SOCIALIZAR OS JOGOS E RECURSOS DID?TICOS PRODUZIDOS. DADOS OBTIDOS NA AVALIA??O (ETAPA 9) TANTO DOS PROFESSORES PARTICIPANTES, COMO DOS ALUNOS DA LICENCIATURA EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS DA UNIPAMPA APRESENTAVAM QUE O EVENTO TINHA ALCAN?ADO O SEU OBJETIVO. PALAVRAS CHAVE: ENSINO DE CI?NCIA, ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA, RECURSO DID?TICO, JOGO DID?TICO, FORMA??O DE PROFESSORES. AGRADECIMENTOS AOS ALUNOS DO CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS DA UNIPAMPA PELO EMPENHO NA ELABORA??O DOS RECURSOS. AOS ALUNOS E PROFESSORES DO CAMPUS S?O GABRIEL DA UNIPAMPA QUE COLABORARAM COM A REALIZA??O DO WORKSHOP. AOS PROFESSORES DA EDUCA??O B?SICA DE S?O GABRIEL PELA ACOLHIDA E PARTICIPA??O NO WORKSHOP. REFER?NCIAS COSTA, A. C. G. PROTAGONISMO JUVENIL: ADOLESC?NCIA, EDUCA??O E PARTICIPA??O DEMOCR?TICA. SALVADOR: FUNDA??O ODEBRECHT, 2000. DELIZOICOV, D.; ANGOTTI, J. A.; PERNAMBUCO, M. M. ENSINO DE CI?NCIAS: FUNDAMENTOS E M?TODOS. 4 ED. S?O PAULO: CORTEZ, 2011. GUIMAR?ES, LUCIANA RIBEIRO. ATIVIDADES PARA AULAS DE CI?NCIAS: ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL, 6? AO 9? ANO. S?O PAULO: NOVA ESPIRAL, 2009. KRASILCHIK, M. 2004. PR?TICA DO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA. EDITORA EDUSP, 2004. LIB?NEO; J. C. DID?TICA. S?O PAULO: CORTEZ, 1994."

In the framework of a co-operation between the University of Genoa and the Darmstadt University of Technology measurement data of a former investigation at Darmstadt, comprising measurements with surface-mounted hot-film sensors on the boundary layer transition in wake disturbed flow, were transferred to Genoa, then re-evaluated and in great detail analyzed, much further than the original data evaluation. In these experimental investigations at Darmstadt, the boundary layer transition with and without transitional separation bubbles was studied on a circular cylinder in cross flow. The comparison of hot-wire traverses with the surface-mounted hot-film distributions clearly indicated that the surface-mounted hot-film technique is a very suitable measurement technique to obtain reliable information on transition and separation phenomena with both high spatial and temporal resolution. The new data evaluation techniques applied to these data at Genoa further enhanced the insight into the details of the boundary layer transition and separation process. The surface-mounted hot-film data were evaluated by means of time-space diagrams for the first three statistical moments (mean, RMS and skewness), with which the origin and the extent of unsteady separation bubbles clearly could be seen. The results obtained from these data analyses on the one hand yield a considerable enhancement of the understanding of the periodically unsteady boundary layer transition process and on the other hand they form the basis for the application of surface-mounted hot-film sensors in more complex flow situations like e.g. in cold flow multistage turbine or compressor test rigs or even in the hostile environment of real aero engine compressors or turbines.

In recent years a number of Dynamic Velocity Prediction Programs (DVPPs), which allow studying the behaviour of a yacht while tacking, have been developed. The aerodynamic models used in DVPPs usually suffer from a lack of available data on the behaviour of the sail forces at very low apparent wind angles where the sails are flogging. In this paper measured aerodynamic force and moment coefficients for apparent wind angles between 0° and 30° are presented. Tests were carried out in the University of Auckland’s Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel in a quasi-steady manner for stepwise changes of the apparent wind angle. Test results for different tacking scenarios (genoa flogging or backed) are presented and discussed and it is found that a backed headsail does not necessarily produce more drag than a flogging headsail but increases the beneficial yawing moment significantly. The quasisteady approach used in the wind tunnel tests does not account for unsteady effects like the aerodynamic inertia in roll due to the “added mass” of the sails. In the second part of paper the added mass moment of inertia of a mainsail is estimated by “strip theory” and found to be significant. Using expressions from the literature the order of magnitude of three-dimensional effects neglected in strip theory is then assessed. To further quantify the added inertia experiments with a mainsail model were carried out. Results from those tests are presented at the end of the paper and indicate that the added inertia is about 76 % of what strip theory predicts.

Abstract This work describes the development and the application of a quasi-3D method for the simulation of turbochargers for automotive applications under unsteady flow conditions. The quasi-3D approach is based on the solution of conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy for unsteady flows and applied to 0D and 1D elements arbitrarily oriented in the space. The compressor is divided into different regions, each one treated numerically in a different way. For the impeller region a relative reference system has been used and the presence of a centrifugal force field has been introduced both in the momentum and energy conservation equation. The direction of the ports at the inlet and outlet of the impeller are used to determine the design flow angles and therefore the deviation during off-design conditions. Conversely in the vaneless diffuser the conservation of the angular momentum of the flow stream has been imposed in the tangential direction and then combined with the solution of the momentum equation in the radial direction. The model has been validated against measurements carried out on the test bench of the University of Genoa both in diabatic and adiabatic conditions.

The action of environmental loads such as wind and waves on offshore steel structures is locally emphasized by complex tubular connections, giving place to high stress concentration in correspondence of welds between pipe elements. This phenomenon, which heavily influences the fatigue life of the joint and, as a consequence, the operability of the whole platform, can be quantified by the Stress Concentration Factor. SCF can be determined either by experimental approach, numerical analysis and parametrical formulas developed mainly in the seventies-eighties by specialized authors like Kuang, Wordsworth, Smedley and Efthymiou. Even though these formulas, quoted as reference in the main world recognized rules, represented for a long time a useful tool for the designers of most projects, some discrepancies have been found to exist among them. A research has then been jointly promoted by University of Genoa and RINA Industry in order to compare the results of the parametric formulas with those coming from a finite element analysis performed on very refined numerical models made of brick elements. In this investigation attention has been focused on Y/T type joints; a wide range of configurations has been analysed by varying the most important parameters defining the geometry of the joint. Each configuration has been loaded by axial force and in/out of plane bending moment.

This study presents a numerical simulation of a 3D viscous subsonic flow in the VKI-Genoa turbine cascade taking into account the laminar-turbulent transition. The numerical simulation is performed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the low-Reynolds k-ω SST turbulence model. The Langtry’s algebraic Production Term Modification (PTM) model is applied for modeling the laminar-turbulent transition. The governing equations are integrated using the second-order accurate Godunov’s type implicit ENO scheme. Computations of both fully turbulent and transitional flows are carried out. Much attention is given to the comparison between the present numerical results and the existing experimental data. The comparison was based on the surface distributions of the isentropic velocity, the friction velocity, the flow acceleration parameter, the displacement thickness, the shape-factor, and the momentum thickness Reynolds number. Velocity profiles upstream and downstream of the transition onset were compared also. The numerical results obtained show an influence of the transition on the secondary flow pattern. In the case of the transitional flow, when compared with the fully turbulence flow case, the endwall boundary layer cross-flow starts upstream, and it is more intensive, but less massive due to a thinner boundary layer in the laminar flow region.